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1
Smith, J. M. H. "Carolingian Brittany". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.354786.
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2
Constantine, Mary-Ann. "The ballad tradition in Brittany". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.361610.
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3
Hoare, Rachel. "Attitudes towards language varieties in Brittany". Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.297908.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis investigates the attitudes of young people in Brittany (aged 8-18) towards varieties of language (especially Breton) and the link between language and identity. The sociolinguistic situation in Brittany (past and present) is outlined, and previous research on language attitudes is reviewed. In phase 1 of the project, different informants completed a written questionnaire (470 respondents) and a Matched Guise Test (258 listener-judges), the latter involving Breton, Breton-accented French and Standard-accented French. The questionnaire responses revealed a strong correlation, verified by chi-square tests, between levels of use of Breton and perceptions of identity. Although those respondents from the traditionally Bretonspeaking western part of Brittany (Basse Bretagne) were keen for the language to be preserved, very few were willing to contribute to this process. The respondents from traditionally non Breton-speaking eastern Brittany (Haute Bretagne) were less positive in their views on the future of Breton. The least favourable ratings for the future of Breton were expressed by 15 to 16 year old males, and this was attributed to differences between male and female peer group norms. Breton emerged very favourably from the Matched Guise Test with positive ratings for both status and solidarity traits (a distinction identified by factor analysis of the data). Further breakdown and analysis of the results for the two regions revealed major differences in the evaluation of Breton in Basse and Haute Bretagne, which were attributed to the perceptions of Breton as either Li or L2 by different informant groups. These differing perceptions of Breton further complicated the relationship between the varieties, which may have contributed to the unexpected downgrading of Standardaccented French in terms of status in several cases. The 13-14 year olds perceivedBreton-accented French as the most statusful of the three varieties, a reaction which was attributed to the typical use and positive reinforcement of non-standard speech forms by this age group. In phase 2, 62 informants from western Brittany participated in interviews (based on the questionnaire, administered previously to other respondents), and pair-discussions of the MGT recordings. The overall picture provided by the interviews indicated that although informants expressed a keen interest in improving their competence in Breton, they did not support initiatives designed to encourage this such as the compulsory teaching of Breton in schools. This finding, which supported that of the questionnaire, gave rise to the distinction between the passive and active expression of attitudes. The interviews also revealed the complexity of the relationship between language and identity, with the informants' assertions that Breton identity was more strongly related to origin and residence than competence in Breton. This apparent contradiction between perceptions of the role played by language in determining identity, and the reality of the informants' responses concerning use, appeared to be operating at the subconscious level. The pair-discussions revealed that age was a central aspect of identity which had not yet been investigated in the current project, and which provided an explanation for the different attitudes towards Breton speakers in the MGT: there was an equal division between those who considered them to be young L2 speakers and those who assumed them to be old native speakers of Breton. This aspect of identity also played a key role in the construction of profiles for each guise which gave typical reactions to each guise in order to highlight patterns running through the discourse data. The combination of different methods in the current study was designed to elicit different insights into attitudes and perceptions of identity in the data.
4
Musgrave, Elizabeth Caroline. "The building industries of eastern Brittany, 1600-1790". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670351.
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5
Turner, Sarah Elizabeth. "Constructing landscapes : art in Neolithic and modern southern Brittany". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2005. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1446864/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The aim of this thesis is to study the concept 'Neolithic art' in one area of southern Brittany, between the Etel and Auray rivers, with some attention to the best known sites in the Gulf of Morbihan. The thesis is divided into three main sections each of which 'translates' 'Neolithic art' from a particular perspective, or, in terms of the title of the thesis 'constructs landscapes' through 'art'. The thesis is therefore a study of 'art' and how it is part of, and is understood in, the surrounding world. Each section of the thesis is considered as a 'frame', which discusses 'Neolithic art' from a different perspective. Each frame develops one idea of a landscape, which is explored through, and which creates 'art'. The first 'frame' is considered in Chapter 2 of the thesis, and is an enquiry into how the genre 'Neolithic art' was created and developed in Brittany as an archaeological study. The second 'frame', Chapters 3 to 5, is a subjective account of how 'Neolithic art' might have been constructed or used in the Neolithic period itself. The third frame, considered in Chapter 6, is an examination of how tourists might understand and create 'Neolithic art' in Brittany. As each frame is developed it is shown that one must go beyond the motifs to understand the concept 'art'. It is through 'art' features such as the colour, texture and shape of monuments, in essence the monuments themselves, and through different sensory experiences of the monuments and the surrounding world, which are beyond the carved motifs, that we see, within the context of the thesis, how complex and wide reaching the sense of 'art' really is and how it must be considered as part of our experience of the environment in which we live. Together the three frames offer three different but inter-dependent experiences of Neolithic 'art' in the landscape, and result in the creation of three recognisably different constructions of 'art' in the lived-through-world. Taken together, the three frames show how 'art' can be constructed, but also how it constructs meaning, in the lived-through-world - constructing landscapes through 'art' - in different, contrasting and changing ways. By considering the same objects within different frames of experience the intention is to show, from the micro-scale (motif) to the macro-sale (monuments and landscape), how 'Neolithic art' can be created, how it can mean, and how it is constantly changing, multivalent and broad reaching.
6
Hornsby, Michael. "Globalisation processes and minority languages : linguistic hybridity in Brittany". Thesis, University of Southampton, 2009. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/344489/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Recent interest in the ‘disappearance’ of languages has been accompanied by increased revitalisation efforts in many minority language settings, often considered to be experiencing obsolescence due to pressures of globalisation and modernity. Many of these revival movements aim to ‘recreate’ an idealised (or ‘authentic’) form of the language in question, through reference to traditional or standardised language practices. Simultaneously, however, ‘unanticipated results of language management’ (Spolsky 2006: 87) have produced non‐traditional and hybrid linguistic forms which are very often contested by the community in which the language revival is taking place. Taking Breton as a case study, this thesis examines the phenomenon of ‘new’ or ‘neo’ speakers in Brittany at the start of the twenty‐first century and the implications their appearance has for the survival of the only Celtic language still extant in continental Europe. The tensions between traditional and neo‐speakers are examined in the context of the theoretical framework of critical sociolinguistics (Heller 2002). Current language practices in Brittany are analysed through the anthropological linguistic concept of language ideology, which is used to explain and critique seemingly contradictory linguistic behaviour in this particular setting of linguistic minoritisation. Parallels are also drawn with neo‐speakers of other minority languages, most particularly Scottish Gaelic. While both languages show increasing transformation and hybridisation due to the non‐traditional nature of their methods of transmission, they are not, of course, alone in the changes they are experiencing; indeed, they can act as good indicators of what the future holds for many minority languages over the course of the twenty‐first century.
7
Everard, Judith Ann. "Brittany and the Angevins, 1166-1186 : an administrative study". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272986.
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8
Jones, Kevin Andrew. "The metamorphic petrology of the Southern Brittany Migmatite Belt, France". Thesis, Kingston University, 1988. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/20515/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The Southern Brittany Migmatite Belt developed during the Ligerian Orogeny within a narrow time interval 403 Ma to 372 Ma. Detailed field mapping of several key localities within the belt (Port Navalo, Port Blanc and Roguedas, around the Golfe du Morbihan, and Ville-es-Martin at St. Nazaire) has revealed a heterogeneous suite of high grade gneisses, Al-silicate rich gneisses (morbihannites), low to high melt fraction metatexites and diatexites. Careful petrography and mineralogy has allowed the establishment of reaction histories for each rock type which have been utilised in constructing segments along a P-T path. Reverse zoned rims and the replacement of garnet by Crd and/or Bt + PI suggests the following generalised reactions have occurred: Grt + Bt + S11 + Qtz~ Crd + He + Um + Kfs + H 0 and Grt --=;>Bt + PI + Qtz. tarnet-cordierite gneisses record an early prograde event. Growth zoned garnet cores and a sequence of inclusions, from the garnet core to the garnet rim, of Qtz + 11m + Ky, PI + St + Rt + Ky + Bt and PI + St + Rt + Sil + Bt constrain the prograde evolution and suggest the crossing of the simplified reactions Ms + Chl~ St + Bt + Qtz and St + Qtz ~Grt + Ky + vap. A detailed evaluation of the available thermometers and barometers, equilibrium considerations, the stability relations of biotite, and petrographic analysis have enabled the construction of a tightly constrained P-T path. It is suggested that the prograde P-T path is the result of a series of sediments deposited in an ensialic marginal basin with a higher than normal geothermal gradient which has been tectonically buried by overthrusting during basin closure. The retrograde near isothermal decompression path is interpreted to be the result of the development of a rising anatectic granite diapir which has dragged its thermal envelope, the migmatites, to shallow crustal levels during its ascent.
9
German, Gary. "Anthroponyms as markers of ‘celticity’ in Brittany, Cornwall and Wales". Universität Potsdam, 2006. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2010/4092/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Content:
1. Objectives
2. Sociohistorical Background
2.1. The Cornish
2.2. The Welsh
2.3. The Bretons
3. Characteristics of the Brythonic Naming System
3.1. Type 1 Names: Patronymic Lineage
3.2. Type 2 Names: Geographic Origin or Place of Residence
3.3. Type 3 Names: Occupational Activities (Generally Linked to Peasantry)
3.4. Type 4 Names: Physical Characteristics, Moral Flaws
3.5. Type 5 Names: Epithets Relating to Character, Titles of Nobility, etc.
3.6. Epithets Containing References to Victory, War, Warriors, Weapons
3.7. Epithets Containing References to Courage, Strength, Impetuousness and War-like Animals
3.8. Epithets Containing References to Honorific Titles, Noble Lineage, Social Status and Aristocratic Values
4. Summary
10
Howe, Paul Douglas. "National identity and political behavior in Quebec, Scotland and Brittany". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0010/NQ34553.pdf.
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11
Doherty, Martina. "Brittany : an example of the continuing strength of French centralism". Thesis, University of Ulster, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.484450.
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12
Shufflebotham, Mary M. "The evolution of the Penthievre crystalline massif and the adjacent Brioverian supercrustal rocks, Northern Brittany, France". Thesis, Keele University, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329264.
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13
Mitchell, Brittany L. "Statistical genetic analyses of neuropsychological traits". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2022. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/227852/14/Brittany%20Mitchell%20Thesis.pdf.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Neuropsychological traits affect both the brain and behaviour and are responsible for a large proportion of worldwide disability. This PhD thesis employs computational, statistical and genetic approaches to identify and understand the genetic and environmental influences on a wide range of psychiatric, neurological and cognitive disorders. The work presented in this thesis details novel findings on several fronts including new genetic marker discovery, using genetics to predict an individual’s disease risk, and disentangling pertinent risk factors that affect cognitive and mental health. This insight is an important step towards developing more effective treatments and intervention strategies.
14
Eby, Regan. "Aristocratic Sociability and Monastic Patronage in Eleventh- and Early-Twelfth Century Brittany". Thesis, Boston College, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:104665.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis advisor: Robin FlemingMy dissertation examines the local and personal meanings of reformed Benedictine monastic networks as they developed in Brittany. Between c.1000–1120, Brittany, like Western Europe as a whole, saw an efflorescence of Benedictine monasticism, driven by aristocrats donating property to Benedictine abbeys, and in Brittany, by foundations of priories dependent on Benedictine abbeys located elsewhere. Recent historians have noted that patronage of particular abbeys tended to move through social networks, with families supporting the same abbeys over space and time, and lower aristocrats choosing to support the abbeys favored by their lords. I interrogate these patterns, placing the relationships that connected individual aristocrats with particular abbeys at the center of my study. I begin by analyzing the nature of Breton aristocrats’ relationships with each other, and then reconstruct the social contexts in which they interacted with Benedictine monks and nuns. I examine foundations of priories, at their inception and as they developed over time; monastic vocations, and property disputes. I argue that monastic patrons typically encountered the monks or nuns they chose to support in the context of significant affective relationships. Moreover, I argue that those relationships shaped patrons’ perceptions of the monks and nuns they supported, and the meanings they attached to their patronage. In doing so, I offer a methodological framework for uncovering some of the affective content of aristocrats’ relationships with each other and with monks and nuns, which is otherwise difficult to extract from the limited evidence preserved in monastic charters
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2015
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: History
15
Jennings, Joe. "A petrogenetic study of granitoids in north-west Finistere, Brittany, France". Thesis, Keele University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321409.
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16
Jouan, de Kervenoael Ronan. "An assessment of sub-regional and regional jurisdictions in economic development policy : the case of tourism policy in France and Great Britain". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324422.
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17
Noyer, Pierre. "The Breton of the Canton of Briec". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/19984.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This work is a detailed description of the phonology, morphology and syntax of the Breton dialect spoken in and around Briec, Brittany. The study is based in part on a corpus of about forty-five hours of recorded conversations with 31 Breton native speakers from the Canton of Briec. This dialect has never been studied in detail so far. However, existing works provide specific data about it: the linguistic atlases, contain information about several locations within the canton: Edern, Landudal and Briec itself. A doctoral thesis by André Cornec on the canton’s toponyms, provides phonological, lexical and grammatical information on it and a manuscript dictionary composed during WWII by Father Jean Louis Le Scao, a native speaker of Briec Breton supplies not only lexical data, but also information on all other areas of the dialect The thesis starts with the study of the phonology of the dialect done through an inventory of its phonemes, followed by a study of its morphophonology, which covers consonantic mutations. Breton in general has one of the broadest ranges of mutations amongst Celtic languages. The Briec dialect has an even broader range than literary Breton. In addition, Briec Breton has developed an array of sandhi-based phenomena termed ‘linking and intrusive consonants’ in the present work. These latter phenomena have been little-reported so far. Verbal morphology presents unusual features too, namely the use of the past unreal conditional to express the present conditional and the use of the pluperfect to express a perfect. The work concludes on a substantial lexical section followed by an extensive glossary. The author, who resides in Australia, also provides an extensive description of his acquisition, mainly as an adult, of the dialect through family members and native informants. This provides an illustration the plight of speakers of minority languages.
18
Castel, Romain. "Connection of offshore wind farms to the grid in Europe and Brittany". Thesis, KTH, Elektriska energisystem, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-53706.
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19
Thompson, Brittany, e University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "Under pressure : Women's Health and the social constructions of aging / Brittany Thompson". Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Dept. of Kinesiology, c2011, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/2610.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis project explores social constructions of aging women within Women’s Health magazine. There is limited scholarly literature on representations of aging women within popular health/fitness media, such as magazines. The limited current research which does exist suggests that aging women are subjected to negative stereotypes and gendered myths within our societal and cultural values with respect to aging (Vertinsky, 1994). Media representations are strong and pervasive reflections of societal norms and expectations and may impact the way women view themselves. I therefore undertook a Foucaultian discourse analysis of Women’s Health magazine to examine if/how gendered constructions of aging are functioning within representations of health directed to women of all ages. I found that Women’s Health reproduces aging women as useless, failures, problems to be managed, and other to normative femininity. Women’s Health reinforces that aging can and should be managed through the consumption of anti-aging products, procedures, and surgeries endorsed within the magazine.v, 125 leaves ; 29 cm
20
Brett, C. J. "Texts from early mediaeval Redon : their value for the history of Brittany". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.596898.
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21
Cane, Meredith. "Personal names of men in Wales, Cornwall and Brittany 400-1400 AD". Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.565952.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The thesis deals with the men's names found in selected Welsh, Cornish and Breton sources between 400 and 1400AD. The selected sources for the three areas are as follows: for Wales, Welsh Genealogies and Early Welsh Genealogical Tracts, edited by Peter Bartrum; the published Rolls of the 1292 Lay Subsidy; the Black Book ofSt. Davids, 1326; the Dyffryn Clwyd Court Rolls 1292-1 422; the Book of Llandaf, and the Marginalia in the Lichfield Gospels. For Cornwall the source is the Bodmin Manumissions, and for Brittany the sources are: the cartularies of Redon, Quimperle, Landevennec, and Quimper. For all three countries the inscriptions are discussed. The Welsh section is divided into pre- and post-I JOO periods; rankings are provided for the names in the post-II 00 sources and the results from the different sources are compared. This provides information regarding the comparative popularity of names in use in Wales 1100-1400. The process of Anglicisation in Wales can be measured in the use of borrowed names. The contemporary records are compared with Welsh Genealogies to assess the reliability with which names are recorded in WG. The geographical distribution of the names is also considered. The pre-II 00 section compares first the names and constituent elements in WG and the Book of Llandaf, and then compares the names and elements in these sources to those in the Lichfield Gospels Marginalia and the inscriptions. The names and elements found in the Breton and Cornish names are compared both with the Welsh evidence and with each other. The conclusion details the elements used in men's names in the three different areas, and shows which are held in common by two or more ofthe three areas, and which are exclusive to one area.
22
Griffiths, N. "The geology of the Morlaix - St Michel-en-Greve region, N.W. Brittany, France". Thesis, Keele University, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.355592.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Detailed mapping of the area between Morlaix and St. Michel-en- Greve has been carried out within the northwest part of the Massif Armoricain and three distinct tectono-metamorphic areas have been recognised. In the western area a medium-high grade metamorphic complex comprised of an older basement complex of amphibolites and metasediments, originally Brioverian supracrustals, and Cadomian granitic orthogneisses is recorded These units have been truncated by numerous syn-tectonic and post-tectonic Hercynian granites and this area is termed the St. Pol-de-Leon Metamorphic Complex. In the central part of the area a restricted basin of Devonian-Lower Carboniferous metasediments and basic metavolcanics is recognised. The Morlaix Basin lithologies are of low metamorphic grade and are in contact with the St. Pol-de- Leon Metamorphic Complex across a major tectonic lineament termed the Carantec Shear Belt (CSB). A new stratigraphy of the basinal sequence is presented and the timing of peak Hercynian deformation is established at c. 350 M. y. using available geochronological and field evidence. In the eastern part of the area a low-grade metamorphic terrain composed of Brioverian metabasic volcanics and metasediments occurs, known as the Petit Tregor. This succession is truncated by a multi-component Cadomian intrusive complex which has undergone major, heterogeneous deformation. The recognition of a major shear belt the Locquirec Shear Belt and numerous smaller shear zones within the Moulin de la Rive Orthogneiss Complex has resulted in the re-appraisal of the whole stratigraphy of the Petit Tregor area. Field evidence shows that deformation in the Petit Tregor is somewhat earlier than in the Morlaix Basin and St. Pol-de-Leon Metamorphic Complex and occurred in the period late Cadomian-early Hercynian. Discussion is then given to the timing of regional deformation events in the light of evidence from the study area.
23
Le, Nevez Adam. "Language diversity and linguistic identity in Brittany : a critical analysis of the changing practice of Breton /". Electronic version, 2006. http://adt.lib.uts.edu.au/public/adt-NTSM20060905.165032/index.html.
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24
Loth, Joseph. "L'émigration bretonne en Armorique du Ve au VIIe siècle de notre ère Thèse pour le doctorat /". Rennes : Université Rennes 2, 2009. http://scd-fonds.uhb.fr/49028.pdf.
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25
German, Gary. "Language shift, Diglossia and dialectal variation in Western Brittany : the case of Southern Cornouaille". Universität Potsdam, 2007. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2008/1926/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Extract:
[...]In the first part of this paper I trace the language shift from Breton to French within the historical, social and ideological framework in which it occurred. I then argue that 19th and 20th-century attempts by scholars and militants to rehabilitate the Breton language led to the creation of a unified standard (peurunvan).2 The consequence has been the rise of a three-way diglossic rapport between the speakers of French, the new Breton standard3 and those of the traditional Breton vernaculars. Taking the varieties of southern Cornouaille (Finistère) between Quimper and Quimperlé as a point of comparison,4 I focus on a number of phonological, morphological, syntactical and lexical features which, though far from exhausttive, are not generally taken into account in the new standard language. These details provide a general idea of how varieties of Breton function at the micro-dialectological level, as well as ways in which they can differ from the standard and other spoken varieties.
The paper concludes with observations regarding the necessity to consider languages, language varieties and their speakers within relevant social contexts.[...]
26
Goalabré, Fabienne. "Parental choice of minority language education in language shift situations in Brittany and Scotland". Thesis, Open University, 2011. http://oro.open.ac.uk/54519/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis addresses issues associated with the impact of bilingual education (immersion and language maintenance programmes) and the vitality of minority languages. It explores multiple factors, including parental expectations, that influence the decisions of parents who have chosen to educate their children through the medium of the standard variety of minority languages, specifically Breton and Gaelic. The thesis considers parental choice in terms of their socioeconomic profile, their language background and their patterns of language use. It is anticipated that this will contribute to explaining how educationally-based interventions work at different levels, including the sociolinguistic impact on the vitality of minority languages. The fieldwork was undertaken for Breton in western Brittany and for Gaelic in the core Gaelic-speaking area of Scotland (Western Isles), and was principally conducted by means of a semi-structured interview schedule administered to 51 sets of parents. In both locations, results indicated that most parents were highly qualified compared to the surrounding population and that they were attracted by early bilingualism and its educational benefits. Most parents had a basic level of skill in the minority language. This was especially the case in Brittany, where parents' skill levels were insufficient to sustain use of the minority language within the family unit and outside the home as an everyday language of communication. For most children, their first contact with the minority language was through school, and the language did not appear to be used outside the classroom. In the Western Isles, the majority of the parents were fluent in Gaelic, although Gaelic was seldom the main household language. For the overwhelming majority of children, parents reported Gaelic as being rarely spoken outside school either within their family or among themselves. This suggests that knowing the minority language does not automatically lead to its use outside the formal classroom setting and that bilingual education does not provide a way to produce active speakers when intergenerational transmission is failing.
27
Bishop, Elizabeth C. "Brittany and the French State: Cultural, Linguistic, and Political Manifestations of Regionalism in France". The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1282009176.
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28
Fernane, Assia. "Reconstitution des fluctuations holocènes en relation avec les changements climatiques et l'antropisation sur les côtes bretonnes à partir de bio-indicateurs fossiles (chironomidés, pollen et foraminifères benthiques)". Thesis, Brest, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BRES0124/document.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
L’évolution du climat Holocène a fait jusqu’ici l’objet de très peu d’études au niveau de la Bretagne. Celles-ci, s’inscrivant dans un contexte à la fois paléo-environnemental et archéologique, présentent souvent un caractère local et ponctuel qui permet difficilement de replacer les changements paléoenvironnementaux observés dans un contexte climatique plus global. Pourtant, la Bretagne, par sa particularité géographique et son exposition océanique, constitue un milieu de prédilection pour l’étude du climat puisqu’elle est fortement exposée, à l’actuel comme ce fut aussi le cas par le passé, aux aléas climatiques typiques de l’Atlantique Nord (régimes de tempêtes notamment) induits par les changements de configurations atmosphériques et océaniques. De plus, la région Bretagne présente une grande diversité de milieux littoraux, avec la présence de rias, d’estuaires, de marais salants, etc. Or, les environnements côtiers sous influence fluviale sont des puits sédimentaires soumis à de forts taux de sédimentation qui offrent l’opportunité d’enregistrer les changements environnementaux passés sur des milliers d’années. Les milieux d’arrière-plage (dunes, lagunes, tourbières), abondamment présents dans la région, constituent ainsi des domaines protégés de l’érosion marine et renferment des remplissages sédimentaires ayant potentiellement enregistré l’évolution séculaire et/ou millénaire du littoral breton, avec très certainement l’empreinte de certains évènements hydrodynamiques majeurs, mais aussi des traces de l’occupation humaine, dont certains auteurs ont montré le caractère précoce et croissant depuis le mésolithique. Ici, nous nous proposons de conduire des reconstitutions paléoenvironnementales et paléoclimatiques à partir de plusieurs séquences sédimentaires prélevées autour du littoral breton, afin de mieux comprendre la réalité des forçages naturels et/ou anthropiques sur les écosystèmes analysés. Pour mener à bien notre étude, nous avons développé une approche paléoécologique multidisciplinaire impliquant plusieurs disciplines complémentaires : sédimentologie et pétrographie, palynologie (pollen et dinokystes) et micropaléontologie(foraminifères benthiques et Chironomidae). Au final, l’analyse des séquences sédimentaires fournit une vision très précise et complète des fluctuations climatiques et environnementales qui ont caractérisé le Nord-Ouest de la France durant la seconde partie de l’Holocène, i.e. depuis les 7000 dernières années. Le recoupement des données entre les différents sites étudiés (1 site Nord Finistère et 2 sites Morbihan),montre l’hétérogénéité spatiale des données paléoécologiques qui caractérisent le secteur. Alors que les séquences prélevées sur les côtes sud bretonnes enregistrent un signal d’anthropisation dès le Néolithique moyen, celle-ci n’apparaît qu’à partir de l’Age du Bronze sur les côtes nord bretonnes, en accord avec les données archéologiques. De plus, nos données montrent que la néolithisation ne s’effectue pas de façon continue mais montre des phases de régression autour de la transition Néolithique final - Age du Bronze, en lien très certainement avec des détériorations climatiques. En effet, les périodes de froid signalées sur le nord de l’Europe durant l’Holocène et caractérisées par des récurrences de tempêtes dans la région Bretagne, semblent synchrones avec les chutes des marqueurs d’anthropisation mais aussi avec les retraits des populations de la côte vers l’intérieur des terres tels que décrits par les études archéologiques depuis le Néolithique final. Ces résultats suggèrent un impact direct du climat sur les dynamiques de population et d’occupation des territoires depuis le Néolithique en BretagneNo
29
Regan, Timothy Paul. "Texture development and melt evolution in the High-K (sub-alkaline potassic) Ploumanac'h massif, Brittany, France". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240773.
Testo completo
30
Graham-Goering, Erika. "Negotiating princely power in late medieval France : Jeanne de Penthièvre, duchess of Brittany (c. 1325-1384)". Thesis, University of York, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/13829/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Jeanne de Penthièvre (r. 1341–1365) inherited the duchy of Brittany, but was challenged by her collateral relatives in a lengthy civil war and ultimately defeated, though she remained politically active until her death. This thesis uses her career as a case study of the ways princely power was expressed and implemented in the fourteenth century, and includes a critical biography and an edition of the 1341 legal brief for her succession. It focuses especially on official records such as legal arguments, charters, orders, and seals, and incorporates the close reading of individual texts alongside broader linguistic and quantitative analyses. The high nobility of fourteenth-century France has been relatively underserved by this type of examination of the influences of rank, relationships, gender, and conflict within the focused context of an individual’s life, an approach which demonstrates the flexibility of non-royal political authority. Jeanne’s participation across different areas of government (such as finances, bureaucracy, warfare, and diplomacy) reveals a variable balance of power between Jeanne and her husband as spouses and as co-rulers. The terms used to establish her power in the official acta suggest further that simple descriptions of power often used in modern scholarship on noblewomen do not adequately characterize or explain late medieval views of these dynamics. The legal arguments advanced in defence of Jeanne’s claim to the duchy reveal disagreements about the technical relationship of the duke/duchess to the rest of Franco-Breton political society. Jeanne’s ability to assert her authority was particularly important in the contested circumstances of her rule, and her adherence to or deviation from contemporary expectations was important in establishing her legitimacy. Contemporary Breton and French chroniclers, particularly Froissart, complement this perspective with their reactions to her rule; Jeanne’s reputation was informed by the multilayered standards attached to her positions as heiress, wife, and duchess.
31
Kouns, Carolina, e Yael Margulis. "Rock-magnetic and Soil Organic Carbon Proxies of Climate Change from Loess – Aeolian Sediments of Brittany, France". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-445688.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The aeolian sediment loess, which consists of mineral dust, is one of the most detailed terrestrial record of both global and regional climate changes. As climate changes in the past cover a much wider range of climate variability than humans have directly recorded, the soil memory of loess is vital for understanding the Earth’s climate system. By examining past climate records and analyzing past climate changes and factors that have instigated changes, inferences regarding future climate can be made. Therefore, the aim of this research was to define the specific depositional and post-depositional conditions of a loess sequence in Primel-Tr gastel, Brittany, north-western France. This was done by examining the magnetic susceptibility (MS), and loss on ignition (LOI) of 63 samples from the Primel-Tr gastel sequence. The result suggests that the lower part was formed during a relatively long, cold and dry period, with significant temperature oscillations, resulting in several periglacial phases. The data also shows an increase in the MS signal for the middle units, which then gradually decreases simultaneously as there is a sharp rise in the proportion of organic matter (OM). This is followed by a steep drop and finally an overall increase in OM, which suggests that this period has been characterized by both stadial and interstadial phases. The upper part displays a general increase in MS values, as well as increased organic matter, which implies a milder climate with increased temperatures. The study provides the first comprehensive estimate of the regional climate variability and provides a base towards a more comprehensive and overarching understanding of our climate system.
32
Went, David John. "Sedimentology of the lower Palaeozoic Rozel conglomerate formation (Jersey), Alderney sandstone formation and Erquy-Frehel group (northern Brittany)". Thesis, University of Bristol, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.434829.
Testo completo
33
Kitzinger, Beatrice. "Cross and Book: Late-Carolingian Breton Gospel Illumination and the Instrumental Cross". Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10183.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Crosses made in metal, paint, or stone stand at a singular intersection of past, present and future in the early medieval period. The historical cross of Golgotha is the source of such manufactured crosses’ form and power. Most also represent the theology of the Cross through their form and decoration, describing the soteriology of the crucifixion and anticipating its consummation at the end of time. As manufactured crosses recount the past and look forward to the eschaton, they concurrently function in the age of the Church, offering specific, contemporary points of access to all the larger cross-sign represents. In its multivalent identity, the cross’ status as the Church’s central sign reflects the Church’s own temporal position, simultaneously commemorating sacred history, functioning in the present day, and preparing for the Second Coming. Although rarely recognized, the Church-time form of the cross—which I term the “instrumental” cross—is often a discernable component of early medieval cross-objects and images. I argue that we can recognize the instrumental cross among the commemorative and proleptic aspects of the sign because a formal and conceptual language developed to articulate it. In its instrumental form, the cross becomes the sign of the Church in its role as mediator between Christians, Christ and the eschaton, affirming the indispensable place of man-made artwork in that project. The instrumental cross, in turn, signals the instrumentality of the many artworks into which it is incorporated. It plays a particularly important role in manuscripts. In the first half of the dissertation I define a class of visual strategies that communicate the instrumental identity of the cross. I treat works in many media in Chapter 1 and focus on manuscripts in Chapters 2–3. The second half of the dissertation concentrates upon the case studies of four complex, hitherto neglected gospel codices from ninth–tenth century western France. In each, the deep relationship between Church-time cross and gospel book drives a pictorial program that is crafted to define a specific codex as an manufactured instrument, made to integrate its community with the larger project of the Church for which the cross-sign stands.History of Art and Architecture
34
Loth, Joseph. "De vocis Aremoricae usque ad sextum post Christum natum saeculum forma atque significatione Facultati Litterarum Parisiensi thesim proponebat /". Rennes : Université Rennes 2, 2009. http://scd-fonds.uhb.fr/49027.pdf.
Testo completo
35
Brodkom, Frédéric. "Les rôles et comportements tectoniques de mudmounds waulsortiens au sein de séries calcaro-schisteuses dinantiennes lors des déformations varisques : étude des déformations de lithofacies structuraux en divers domaines waulsortiens du Synclinorium de Dinant, du Synclinorium de Laval et du Sud de l'Irlande". Université catholique de Louvain, 1994. http://edoc.bib.ucl.ac.be:81/ETD-db/collection/available/BelnUcetd-12082008-164039/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis will present a key analysis and the results of our researchs on the tectonic behaviour, mainly by folding and shearing, and role, during Variscan deformation, of Waulsortian mudmounds in various sedimentary and tectonic settings of Western Europe, and particularly in Belgium, Brittany and Southern Ireland. In oder to modelise this behaviour and role, seven structural lithofacies from lenticular mudmounds to well-stratified calcareous-shaley series have been defined. By this way, our detailled maping and inventory of structures of deformation - included strain measurements of the elliptically deformed crinoidal osscicles in limestones and shales - in the ductile, brittle or shearing conditions of the Variscan deformations have allowed to define five principles of mechanical relations between these lithofacies. Two models of Waulsortian domain structuration, during the Asturian and Sudetian-II orgonenic phases, have been carried out following these principles. In both models, folding is the essential mode of tectonic structuration, eventually accompanied by shear zones and brittle structures of regional importance or due to local effects of the lithofacies anisotropies.
36
Vendeville, Pol. "" S'ils te mordent, mords-les " : penser et organiser la défense d'une frontière maritime aux XVIe et XVIIe siècles en Bretagne (1491-1674)". Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010533.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
L’importance des descentes de la fin du XVIIe siècle et du XVIIIe siècle contre la côte bretonne a renforcé l’image d’âge d’or de la Bretagne des XVIe et XVIIe siècle alors épargnée par les guerres. Pourtant, la Bretagne est une frontière maritime du royaume de France depuis le mariage de la duchesse Anne avec Charles VIII. La côte de cette province est marquée par de nombreux débarquements et sa défense est au centre des préoccupations. Toutefois, si la Bretagne est frontalière, les contours de cette frontière sont difficiles à cerner. Cette étude propose d’examiner l’organisation de la défense de la Bretagne pour mieux comprendre les différentes perceptions de la frontière maritime, d’une part par l’Etat royal et ses représentants dans la province et d’autre part à l’échelle de la Bretagne par les institutions locales, Etats, Parlement et Chambre des comptes, et également par les habitants de la côte. Les périodes de crises que constituent les descentes ou les craintes de leur occurrence, ainsi que les oppositions entre le pouvoir royal et les pouvoirs provinciaux quant à la forme que doit prendre la défense de la province, sont un levier qui permet de mieux appréhender l’évolution de la construction de la frontière et donc de sa perception aux XVIe et XVIIe sièclesThe importance of raids in the late seventeenth century and the eighteenth centuries against the Brittany coast has strengthened the image of a golden age in Brittany in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries supposedly spared by war. Yet Brittany is a maritime frontier of the kingdom of France since the marriage of Duchess Anne with Charles VIII. Numerous landings strike the coast of this province and his defense is a central concern. However, the limits of this border are difficult to identify. This study proposes to examine the organization of the defense of Brittany to understand the different perceptions of this maritime boundary, on the one hand by the Royal Government and its representatives in the province and on the other in Brittany by local institutions, Estates, Parliament and Chamber of Accounts, and also by the inhabitants of the coast. Periods of crises that are raids or fears of their occurrence, as well as conflicts between the royal government and the provincial authority on the form to be taken by the defense of the province, provide insight into the changes in the construction of the border and thereforce its perception in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries
37
Simon, Bernard. "Du projet personnel à l'entrepreneuriat en équipe : cas de l'agriculture en Bretagne". Thesis, Brest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BRES0088/document.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
L’entrepreneuriat en équipe constitue une réalité, diversement mesurée, de la conduite des entreprises. La recherche s’est intéressée à cette dimension du phénomène entrepreneurial. Dans ce travail, nous nous appuyons sur l’attente de l’individu entrepreneur afin de qualifier l’effectivité de l’équipe au sens de la satisfaction de ses membres, dans une perspective de pérennisation de l’acte entrepreneurial. Le secteur de l’agriculture offre un terrain qui intéresse la recherche. Le renouvellement des chefs d’entreprises, l’évolution du métier, l’agrandissement des structures productives, plaident pour un développement de formes sociétaires impliquant plusieurs exploitants propriétaires. La psychologie comportementale et la socio-psychologie nous aident à percevoir les attentes de l’entrepreneur dans le cadre d’un entrepreneuriat à plusieurs. L’installation dans un cadre d’équipe entrepreneuriale est largement mise en avant lors d’une étude par les modèles d’intention, auprès d’étudiants. Nous interrogeons, par la suite, des agriculteurs sur leur vécu, au regard de leurs aspirations initiales. Les analyses des organisations professionnelles portent ces sujets et viennent conforter notre problématique. Nous proposons un éclairage nouveau sur l’équipe entrepreneuriale et des pistes de réflexion pour l’accompagnement dans ce contexteTeam entrepreneurship is a reality for many businesses. Research works aim to study this side of management phenomenon. For this contribution we examine the individual expectation for self-employment and describe the effectiveness of the team, in the sense of satisfaction of the members, as an element for the survival of the business. The farm sector gives the opportunity for our discipline to examine this form of entrepreneurship. Farms succession, the size of the enterprises, justifies the development of multi owner organisations. Behavioural psychology and social psychology, help us to analyse the entrepreneur believes. Entrepreneurial initiative in a team context is widely mentioned by students, in a study based on entrepreneurial intention models. Then we ask farmers about the reality of their situation in regards of initial expectations. We challenge the professional organisations analysis to confirm our research.We offer to have a new approach of team entrepreneurship, helping entrepreneurs and consultants toward durability of the project. (JEL: L26, D23, D91, Q12)
38
Prigent, François. "Les réseaux socialistes en Bretagne des années 1930 aux années 1980". Thesis, Rennes 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REN20040.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
L’implantation socialiste en Bretagne des années 1930 aux années 1980 procède de la mise en activité des réseaux et milieux qui composent les socialismes (SFIO, PSU, PS), dévoilant des ruptures/continuités dans les générations militantes.L’ouverture politique des années 1930, amplifiée par la consolidation de réseaux d’élus en 1945, se différencie du tournant des années 1960-1970, qui voit l’émergence du nouveau PS dans un contexte de profondes mutations de la société locale. La maturation des réseaux socialistes dans les années 1980 amorce la domination du système partisan depuis 2004. Des fiches aux fichiers, la prosopographie croise les analyses des trajectoires, des réseaux et des identités et met l’accent sur un trait caractéristique du socialisme breton qui s’apparente à une social-démocratie d’élus. Des filières militantes imbriquées s’insèrent dans les milieux socialistes pluriels, composés de sous-ensembles autonomes. La centralité de l’identité laïque est concurrencée par l’irruption des filières chrétiennes. Les liens privilégiés avec les organisations syndicales se reconfigurent selon les périodes, sans démentir la constance des relais du mouvement social. Le bloc rural explique les fragilités du tissu militant dans les campagnes, avant l’émergence des réseaux ruraux et des franges syndicales progressistes qui irriguent le milieu partisan. Ce travail s’inscrit dans des visions et pratiques d’une histoire globale, selon une multiplicité d’approches : une histoire vue d’en bas, une histoire sociale et culturelle du politique, une histoire par les réseaux, une histoire politique régionale et une histoire locale du socialisme, une histoire des élusSocialism in Brittany from 1930 to 1980 originates from the implementation of the networks and activities which are at the basis of socialism (SFIO, PSU, PS) and which revealed fractures/continuities in activist generations. The political opening in the 1930s, intensified by the strengthening of elected representatives’ networks in 1945, is different from the changes which took place in the 1960s-1970s and which lead to the emergence of the new socialist party in the context of profound changes in local society. The development of socialist networks in the 1980s is the starting point of the partisan system dominance from 2004 onwards. From sheets to files, the prosopography presents an analysis of courses, networks and identities and emphasises a characteristic of the Breton socialism, similar to an elected representatives’ social democracy.Interlinked activist networks are becoming part of plural socialist environments composed of independent subgroups. The centrality of secular identity is countered by the emergence of Christian networks. The privileged links with labour unions change according to periods, but remain consistent with the shifts in social movements. The rural block explains the frailty of the activist network in the country side, before the emergence of rural networks and progressive labour unions irrigating the activist environment. This study is in line with the views and practices of a global history, from a multiple approach: a history seen from below, a social and cultural history of politics, a history through networks, a regional political history and alocal history of socialism, a history of the elected representatives
39
Launay, Vincent. "Le roi en son duché : étude sur les relations entre le roi de France et l'aristocratie de Bretagne (1199-1328)". Thesis, Rennes 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN20037.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
"Le roi en son duché" : en faisant référence, par analogie, à la célèbre formule du XIIIe siècle selon laquelle "le roi de France est empereur de son royaume", cette étude veut clairement identifier les éléments de la "présence" royale en Bretagne durant ce que l'historiographie appelle "l'âge d'or capétien". Elle vise également à apprécier l'intégration dela principauté bretonne et de son aristocratie dans le royaume de France, avant d'en proposer une traduction territoriale par le biais de l'approche cartographique. Le cas de la Bretagne est d'autant plus intéressant qu'elle subit de profonds bouleversements dynastiques au début du XIIIe siècle : elle passe de la domination plantagenêt à celle des Capétiens, avec l'arrivée de Pierre de Dreux sur le trône ducal en 1213. De manière plus générale, la réflexion menée vise à comprendre comment une principauté telle que la Bretagne s'insère dans le processus de construction de l'État royal patiemment mis en oeuvre par les souverains capétiens de Philippe Auguste à Charles IV. Celui-ci s'observe dans de nombreux domaines : judiciaire et juridictionnel, fiscal et monétaire, et enfin, militaire. Cette démarche passe par l'analyse du jeu des acteurs : les nobles et les ecclésiastiques bretons et non-bretons, le duc de Bretagne, le roi de France et ses officiers dont l'activité sur le territoire ducal est remarquable. Sur le plan territorial, la pesée de cette intégration permet d'établir une tripartition du duché entre un nord dont la proximité avec le pouvoir royal est importante ; une partie orientale quiprofite de sa proximité avec d'autres principautés du royaume pour nouer des liens solides, en particulier avec d'importants lignages angevins et poitevins ; enfin, un sud plus éloigné du pouvoir royal"The King in his Duchy": by referring, by analogy, to the famous 13th century formula according to which "the King of France is emperor of his kingdom", this study clearly seeks to identify the elements of the royal "presence" in Brittany during what historiography calls "the Capetian golden age". It also aims to assess the integration of the Brittany principality and its aristocracy into the Kingdom of France, before proposing a territorial translation using the cartographic approach. The case of Brittany is all the more interesting in that it underwent profound dynastic upheavals at the beginning of the 13th century: it went from plantagenet domination to that of the Capetians, with the arrival of Pierre de Dreux on the ducal throne in 1213. More generally, the reflection aims to understand how a principality such as Brittany fits into the process of building the Royal State patiently implemented by the Capetian sovereigns from Philippe Auguste to Charles IV. It can be observed in many areas : judicial and jurisdictional, fiscal and monetary, and finally, military. This approach is based on the analysis of the actors' game: the nobles and the breton and non-breton clergymen, the Duke of Brittany, the King of France and his officers whose activity on the ducal territory is remarkable. On the territorial level, the weight of this integration makes itpossible to establish a tripartition of the duchy between a north whose proximity to the royal power is important; an eastern part which takes advantage of its proximity with other principalities of the kingdom to forge solid links, in particular with important angevins and poitevins lineages ; finally, a south more distant from the royal power
40
David, Éric. "La lutte dans l'oeuvre d'Auguste Dupouy., une énergie créatrice". Thesis, Brest, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BRES0027/document.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Auguste Dupouy fut une des grandes figures de la littérature bretonne de la première moitié du XXe siècle. Son écriture est partagée entre des travaux de type universitaires — biographies, études générales sur la littérature, et une écriture plus personnelle — romans, nouvelles, ouvrages touristiques — où la Bretagne prend la plus large place —. Quel est le point de convergence entre deux activités littéraires aussi différentes ? Tandis que Dupouy émet de lui une image relativement lisse, il nous semble, au contraire, que dans son oeuvre tout est lutte, tout est conflit géographique. sociologique, celui des passions, des pulsions, des désirs, l’oeuvre de Dupouy ne peut s’entendre qu’au son du grand fracas d’une volonté qui se brise contre une autre. Ce travail a pour propos d’exposer comment ce motif s’enchevêtre dans le texte, se développe et comment il porte en lui la source de l’énergie créatrice.L’écriture littéraire révèle et met en oeuvre une tension fondamentale qui se traduit par l’expression de la lutte. L’espace géographique est en proie au combat : les frontières sont assiégées, les territoires en résistance. Les hommes qu’il admire, auxquels il accorde une biographie, sont des personnages contestés, il assure leur défense. Dans les oeuvres de fiction, les fondements de la narration sont le désir de domination et les conséquences dramatiques qui en découlent.Lire l’oeuvre d’Auguste Dupouy, c’est se replonger dans un monde qui a largement disparu celui d’une Bretagne de costumes, de marine â voile et de pain noir. Pourtant, la richesse de son écriture lui donne une véritable place dans l’histoire littéraire, sa lecture nous donne des clefs pour mieux comprendre notre société, mais surtout, par l’image complexe qu’il laisse de l’homme, il participe du grand projet de l’art qui est celui de sonder l’âme humaineAuguste Dupouy was one of the central figures of Brittany’s literature in the first half of the twentieth century. Ris works combine academic writing — biographies and general studies in literature — and more personal writing such as novels. short stories and tourist guide books. in which Brittany is a central element. How do Dupouy’s two distinct literary activities converge? Although Dupouy pictured himself as a conventional character , this writer believes that his work is entirely built on the themes ofstruggle and fight. Whether it be social or territorial disputes or the struggle of passions, urges and desires, Dupouy’s work can only be understood through the clashing of one man’s will against another’s. The present study intends to expose how this motif is interlaced in the text, how it is developped and how it bears the source ofcreative energy.Dupouy’s literary writing reveals and implements a fundamental tension, which finds its expression in struggle. Geographic space is subject to struggle: boundaries are besieged and teiritories are resisting. The men he admired and vhose biographies he chose to write were controversial characters for whose cases he conducted the defence. Tn his fiction, the narrative is based on the desire for domination and the ensuing dramatic consequences.When reading Auguste Dupouy’s workwe immerse ourselves in a bygone world—the days of Bretons in traditional costumes. sailing ships and black bread. Yet the richness ofhis writing confers him a real place in the history ofliterature: reading him gives us some keys to a better understanding of our society and. above alt, as he imparts his complex vision ofman, he partakes in art’s great project fathoming the human soul
41
Lémeillat, Marjolaine. "Les gens de savoir en Bretagne à la fin du Moyen Âge (fin XIIIe-XVe siècle)". Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC0082.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Les gens de savoir, évêques et chanoines, abbé et moines, chanceliers et secrétaires, baillis et sénéchaux, procureurs et avocats, notaires et professeurs, médecins, composent la majeure partie du haut-clergé, des gens de justice et des cadres de l’administration ducale en Bretagne, à la fin du Moyen Âge. Majoritairement formés en droit dans les universités du royaume de France (Paris, Angers), beaucoup reviennent faire carrière dans le duché, au service de l’Église, de la Justice, du duc et de son administration, qu’ils contribuent à développer à la fin du XIVe siècle et au cours du XVe siècle. Ce faisant, ils ne négligent pas leur propre réussite professionnelle et personnelle, cumulant pour certains offices et revenus. Cette étude retrace leurs origines, leur parcours, leurs ambitions, leurs succès et leurs échecs pour s’assurer une place dans la société et au-delà, éclaire aussi le fonctionnement des différents secteurs professionnels dans lesquels ils évoluentPeople of science, bishops and canons, abbots and monks, chancelors and secretaries, bailiffs and seneschals, prosecutors and atorneys, notaries and professors, medical practitioners, make the most part of the high-clergy, the justice people and the ducal administrative executives in Britanny, at the end of the Middle Ages.Mostly trained in law in universities of the Kingdom of France (Paris, Angers), many come back to make a carreer in the duchy, serving the Church, the Justice, the duke and his administration, contributing to their developpement from the end of the 14th century and during the 15th century. In their tasks, they do not neglect their own professionnal and personnal success, some cumulating positions and incomes.This study tracks back their origins, their career path, their aspirations, their successes and failures in securing a position in society and beyond, also enlightening on the workings of the various professionnal branches in which they evolve
42
Mansfield, Charles. "The role of literary texts in tourism destination management, place creation and marketing : a case study on Concarneau in Finistère, Brittany, and the Simenon Novel, The Yellow Dog". Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/4785.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This doctoral thesis approaches literary tourism initially from an historical perspective in order to define the phenomenon through a review of the existing academic literature in the field. The forms of literary tourism are analysed to provide a typology and from this the value of literary tourism is explained both from the visitor's point of view and the destination manager's. Current theories underpinning the existing literature on literary tourism, including Bourdieu's concept of cultural capital are reviewed. To extend the current state of research and to answer the research questions a case study of successful urban literary tourism is identified, in this case in Brittany, France. The uses of French literature in literary tourism are reviewed to provide a sound basis on which to examine French texts and tourist destinations. Novel methods of field research are developed to formalise and to make reproducible the methodology for this study and for future work drawing on, and seeking to combine both literary theory and ethnography. Following a pilot study on the French Riviera the full discovery instruments are designed and applied in fieldwork on the case destination, Concarneau, using the detective novel, The Yellow Dog, which is set in Concarneau. Analysis of the findings from this provide a new contribution to the field of literary theory, in the area of reader interpellation, and answer the research questions in the form of a new set of recommendations for DMOs and tourism stakeholders. From the empirical study that used Web 2.0 social media, only available since 2013, an analysis of which novels do stimulate literary tourism is presented for the first time. Out of the research process new methods have been evolved, and are presented in the conclusion, for the DMO to synthesise and leverage digital resources. This provides DMOs with interpretation processes for its managed heritage to use with its local stakeholders in hotels and in tourism businesses. Finally, an innovative conceptualisation of what constitutes tourism knowledge is proposed.
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Garineaud, Clément. "Récolter la mer : des savoirs et des pratiques des collecteurs d'algues à la gestion durable des ressources côtières dans le Finistère (Bretagne)". Thesis, Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MNHN0004/document.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Après de multiples cycles au cours des siècles passés, la récolte des algues dans le Finistère se renouvelle et s’inscrit comme une filière d’avenir. Au-delà des changements socio-économiques, elle se confronte aux problématiques actuelles de conservation de la biodiversité et de partage de l’espace maritime. Comment dès lors concilier activités anthropiques et préservation du milieu ? La démarche ethnoécologique mobilisée, interroge la gestion des ressources par les populations locales au travers de leurs engagements — pratiques, savoirs locaux et représentations. L’objectif de la thèse est donc double : comprendre les dynamiques des engagements des collecteurs d’algues ? Et comprendre comment ils sont mobilisés et ils évoluent face aux enjeux actuels ? Grâce à une enquête ethnographique et aux méthodes de l’ethnoécologie, nous avons interrogé les cadres scientifiques, sociaux et administratifs de manière diachronique pour saisir le contexte et les enjeux. Ensuite, nous avons questionné l’identité des collecteurs au travers des « statuts administratifs », puis de cinq profils émergeant des données. Cette diversité des formes d’engagement se retrouve dans les perceptions sensorielles mobilisées lors de la récolte, dans les systèmes de classification vernaculaires des algues et dans l’appréhension de l’espace. L’analyse de ces trois dimensions révèle un ensemble très riche de savoirs « intimes », « incorporés » et « situés » indissociables des techniques, sur les algues, le milieu aquatique et les dynamiques de l’écosystème. Différents éléments au travers des savoirs et des représentations éclairent les conflits et illustrent l’influence des scientifiques et des industriels sur les collecteurs. L’aléa climatique de l’hiver 2013-2014, en impactant la ressource algale, a contraint les collecteurs d’algues à s’adapter. Il a révélé les jeux d’acteurs dans les filières et la nature composite, voire hybride des engagements, premier pas vers une cogestionAfter several cycles over the course of past centuries, seaweed harvesting in Finistere is once again experiencing a revival and emerging as a promising sector. Beyond socio-economic transformations, it is also faced with current issues of biodiversity conservation and the sharing of maritime space. How can human activity and preservation of the environment be reconciled? The mobilized ethnoecological approach looks at resource management by local communities through their engagement - practices, traditional ecological knowledge, and representations. The aim of this thesis is thus twofold: understanding the dynamics of seaweed harvesters' engagement, and understanding how they mobilize and cope with current issues. Through ethnographic survey and ethnoecological methods, the scientific, social, and administrative frameworks were investigated diachronically to understand the context and the issue. The identity of the collectors were studied through both 'administrative statuses' as well as five profiles that emerged from the data. This diversity in forms of engagement is reflected in the sensory perceptions mobilized during harvesting, in the vernacular classifications of seaweed, and in how space is apprehended. The analysis of these three dimensions reveals a rich body of 'intimate', 'embodied', and 'situated' knowledge that is inextricable from practices relating to seaweed, aquatic environments, and ecosystem dynamics. Finally, various elements across knowledge and representations shed light on conflicts and illustrate the influence of science and industry on collectors. The climate event that took place during the winter of 2013–2014, for example, left an impact on seaweed resources and forced collectors to adapt. It revealed the interplay between actors of the various sectors and the composite (or even hybrid) nature of their engagement, a first step towards co-management
44
Goslin, Jérôme. "Reconstitution de l'évolution du niveau marin relatif holocène dans le Finistère (Bretagne, France) : dynamiques régionales, réponses locales". Thesis, Brest, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BRES0039/document.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Depuis la fin de la dernière période glaciaire, chaque région du globe a connu une évolution du niveau marin relatif - ou niveau marin « ressenti » - qui lui est propre, principalement conditionnée par la conjonction de la remontée globale « eustatique » du niveau marin et des dynamiques isostatiques, responsables des mouvements verticaux de la surface terrestre. Ces derniers, encore en cours aujourd’hui, jouent un rôle majeur dans l’augmentation actuelle du niveau marin. Malgré d’importants travaux menés au Royaume-Uni au cours des dernières décennies, la connaissance de l’évolution du niveau marin relatif holocène et des dynamiques isostatiques sur la façade Atlantique ouest-européenne demeure largement imparfaite, notamment en ce qui concerne les côtes françaises. De par sa position géographique, le Finistère se pose comme un jalon idéal afin de renforcer les connaissances dans ce domaine. A ce titre, cette thèse a eu pour principaux objectifs d’obtenir une courbe fiable de remontée du niveau marin relatif holocène pour le Finistère et d’évaluer l’apport de nouvelles connaissances à ce sujet pour la compréhension des dynamiques isostatiques régionales. Dans un premier temps, un important travail de terrain a été réalisé sur différents sites répartis tout autour de la péninsule Finistérienne. Une nouvelle méthode multi-proxies, développée à partir de l’utilisation novatrice d’indicateurs géochimiques et microstratigraphiques, a permis de reconstituer l’évolution du niveau marin au cours des 8000 dernières années à partir des séquences sédimentaires prélevées. Nos résultats démontrent que le Finistère a connu une remontée continue du niveau marin relatif à des rythmes décroissants durant l’Holocène. Cette évolution a provoqué de profonds bouleversements dans l’organisation et le fonctionnement des systèmes sédimentaires côtiers dont les implications sont discutées. En particulier, de nouvelles hypothèses sont proposées quant à l’origine de la baisse pluri-métrique du niveau marin jusqu’alors invoquée autour de 3000 B.P. Dans un second temps, nos résultats ont été confrontés aux reconstitutions du niveau marin obtenues dans le sud-ouest de l’Angleterre ou dans le sud du golfe de Gascogne, ainsi qu’aux résultats produits par des modèles géophysiques de réajustement isostatique. Ces comparaisons ouvrent de nouvelles perspectives quant à la compréhension de l’amplitude et de la chronologie des dynamiques isostatiques holocène à l’échelle du nord-ouest de l’EuropeSince the Last Glacial Maximum, the different regions of the world underwent specific relative sea-level evolutions, principally under the joint influences of the worldwide “eustatic” sea-level rise and regional isostatic dynamics. The latter, still going on today, appear to play a major role in the contemporaneous sea-level rise. Despite of the several studies made on the subject in the UK within the last decades, only little knowledge appears available on the relative sea-level evolution and on the isostatic dynamics at the scale of the Western Europe Atlantic façade, and particularly on the French Atlantic coasts. Due to its geographical position, the Finistère region stands out as a potentially ideal region for providing new material on the subject.This PhD work aimed to produce a new and reliable Holocene relative sea-level curve for the Finistère region. At first, sedimentary sequences were retrieved from several sites located all around the Finistère peninsula. In order to reconstruct RSL from these sequences, an innovative multi-proxy method was developed, conjointly using geochemical and microstratigraphic indicators. Our results bear out that, in the Finistère region, the Holocene RSL followed a continuous rise at progressively decreasing rates during the last 8000 yrs B.P. This evolution led to massive disruptions in the organization and functioning of the coastal sedimentary systems which are discussed. In particular, new hypotheses are proposed to explain the pluri-metric drop in RSL that was formerly invoked ca. 3000 B.P. The results we obtained were then compared to the RSL data available in the south-western UK or the south of the Bay of Biscay, along with glacio-isostatic adjustment geophysical models. These comparisons provide new enlightments on both the amplitude and the chronology of isostatic dynamics at the scale of the north-western Europe during the Holocene
45
Gilmour, Simon M. D. "Later prehistoric and early historic settlement archaeology of the western seaways : a study of the western settlement record from Shetland to Brittany in the First Millennia BC and AD". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/22250.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Detailed scrutiny of the Iron Age settlement archaeology of the Atlantic coastal regions, from Shetland in the north to Brittany in the south, highlights the close connections made possible by the Western Seaways. From the Later Prehistoric to Early Historic periods these lands have been drawn towards similar expressions of identity and sequences of settlement development of varying intensity and duration. Discussions of individual site chronologies and taphonomic problems combined with analysis of architecture, site layout and, to a lesser extent, material assemblages across the area has allowed the definition of settlement development in each area across almost two thousand years. The Atlantic west offers a unique environment for the investigation of complex issues relating to settlement patterning as a result of its often remarkable archaeological preservation. These frameworks provide the opportunity to examine the extent of contacts along the Western Seaways in greater detail and over a longer timespan than has previously been attempted. Some site-types have always been used to infer connections between western areas as distant as Brittany and Shetland including 'promontory forts' and 'souterrains'. By putting these into their local settlement and chronological context it becomes possible to interrogate their significance from particular economic, political and social perspectives, both as indicators of external contact and their place in local settlement patterns. Conclusions range from the definition of new local settlement sequences and discussions of their social significance, to a greater understanding of the importance of the Atlantic Seaways as conduits of trade, information and cultural contact. The Atlantic façade is perceived, not as a peripheral backwater, but as a zone characterised by a dynamic society with powerful and wide reaching influences. Dramatic and important settlement developments in this area could shed light on the process of social 'construction' that lead ultimately to the incipient kingdoms and states visible even today.
46
Eymery, Céline. "Du texte à la carte : contribution de la géographie à la traduction spatiale de la loi Littoral : application en Bretagne". Thesis, Brest, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BRES0104/document.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Cette thèse propose une contribution de la géographie à la traduction spatiale de la loi Littoral. Depuis de nombreuses années, le littoral est devenu un espace sous pression. La loi no 86-2 du 03 janvier 1986 relative à l’aménagement, la protection et la mise en valeur du littoral est venue encadrer les usages du sol en bord de mer en autorisant le développement d’une urbanisation raisonnée tout en protégeant des espaces naturels. Afin de réglementer l’usage des espaces littoraux, par nature variés, cette « loi-cadre » a été volontairement conçue et rédigée avec des notions imprécises (l’agglomération, les espaces proches du rivage, les coupures d’urbanisation, etc.). Cette imprécision a fait et fait toujours l’objet de problèmes d’interprétation par les différents acteurs (les élus, les services de l’État, les propriétaires privés, etc.). L’esprit de la « loi Littoral » encourage à tenir compte des spécificités des territoires pour interpréter les notions de cette loi et les traduire dans les documents d’urbanisme. Dans ce contexte, la question de l’apport de la géographie dans l’interprétation de cette loi, notamment par la spatialisation de ces notions, se pose donc avec intérêt. L’hypothèse selon laquelle l’interprétation de la loi Littoral peut être éclairée par la « géographie juridique » est formulée. La thèse cherche à démontrer par des approches théoriques et méthodologiques que la géographie, au moyen de l’analyse spatiale et de la cartographie, permet d’apprécier ces notions en fonction des spécificités locales et des choix faits pour développer et préserver chaque territoire. Ainsi, l’utilisation de critères géographiques peut guider les acteurs vers une interprétation en adéquation avec la réalité des territoires. Dans cette optique, des outils et des méthodes de traitement de l’information spatiale sont utilisés à l’aide d’un système d'information géographique (SIG) pour cartographier des critères de géographie et tester différents seuils. La démonstration, mise en application sur des communes littorales bretonnes, met en avant que le choix des critères et des seuils dépend indéniablement du projet de territoireThis thesis proposes a contribution of geography to the spatial translation of the Coastal Law (Loi Littoral). For many years, the coast has become a space under pressure. Law No 86-2 of 3 January 1986 relating to coastal development, protection and enhancement was developed to regulate land uses on the seaside, thus allowing the development of a rational urbanisation while protecting natural areas. In order to regulate the usage of coastal areas, diverse in nature, this "framework law" was deliberately designed and written with imprecise notions (urban clusters, near-shore areas, gaps in urbanisation, etc.). This imprecision was and still is leading to problems of interpretation by different players (politicians, State services, private landowners, etc.). The spirit of the Coastal Law is to encourage the consideration of local specificities when interpreting the notions of this law and translating it into spatial planning documents. In this context, the question of the relevance of geography in the interpretation of the Coastal Law, including the spatial distribution of these notions, is therefore of interest.The assumption that the interpretation of the Coastal Law can be deepened by "legal geography" is thus formulated. The thesis seeks to demonstrate by theoretical and methodological approaches that geography, by means of spatial analysis and mapping, allows us to appreciate these notions on the basis of local conditions as well as the choices made to develop and preserve every land. Thus, the use of geographical criteria can guide stakeholders towards an interpretation in line with the reality of the territories. In this context, tools and methods for spatial information are used with the help of a geographic information system (GIS) to map the different criteria and test different thresholds. The demonstration, implemented on Breton coastal communities, highlights that the choice of criteria and thresholds is undeniably dependent of the territory's project
47
Henry, Cyprien. "Cujus diocesis, ejus diplomatica ? Pouvoirs diocésains et diversité des pratiques d’écrit diplomatique en Bretagne (990-1215)". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEP004.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Fondée sur une approche comparatiste des neuf diocèses constitutifs du duché de Bretagne, cette étude se donne pour but d’explorer les rapports qu’entretiennent les différents pouvoirs diocésains (évêques, chapitres, archidiacres, doyens) avec l’écrit diplomatique entre le relèvement de l’église bretonne à la fin du Xe siècle et le concile de Latran IV. Une première séquence chronologique voit le développement de l’écrit accompagner aussi bien l’affermissement du pouvoir épiscopal dans le contexte de la réforme pontificale que l’expansion monastique ligérienne en Bretagne ; les solutions envisagées sont toutefois très variées d’un diocèse à l’autre, la plupart ignorant tout à fait l’acte diplomatique pendant tout le XIe siècle, quand d’autres se dotent d’une chancellerie organisée développant une véritable politique documentaire. Les années 1090 voient se dessiner un mouvement de convergence vers des usages plus homogènes de l’écrit, par acculturation progressive de tous les diocèses à un modèle très lié aux idéaux ecclésiaux romains et en partie diffusés par les moines bénéficiaires des actes. Ce n’est toutefois que dans les années 1150 que l’écrit devient un outil de gouvernement habituel dans les diocèses bretons, mouvement qui s’accompagne d’une standardisation de plus en plus marquée des formulaires et de l’affirmation de la dimension juridique voire juridictionnelle des actes, tandis qu’accèdent à l’écrit les autres détenteurs d’autorité diocésaine. L’approche comparatiste met cependant en exergue la grande disparité d’un bout à l’autre de la Bretagne, entre une zone est beaucoup plus familière de l’écrit qu’une zone ouest où il reste plus rareBased on a comparative approach of the nine constituent dioceses of the Duchy of Brittany, this study aims to explore the relationship between holders of diocesan power (bishops, chapters, archdeacons, deans) and diplomatic writing from the time of the rise of the Breton church at the end of the 10th century until the Fourth Lateran Council. A first chronological phase sees the development of writing arising from both the strengthening of episcopal power in the context of pontifical reform and the monastic expansion from the Loire Valley into Brittany. This development is very variable from one diocese to another; while most of them completely ignore diplomatic acta right up to the very end of the 11th century, others equip themselves with an organized chancery developing a real documentary policy. In the 1090’s we begin to see a movement of convergence towards more homogeneous uses of written language through the gradual assimilation by all dioceses of a model that was closely linked to Roman ecclesiastic ideals which were partly disseminated by the monks who were beneficiaries of the acta. It was only in the 1150’s, however, that written acta become a habitual tool of governance in the Breton dioceses. This evolution is accompanied by a marked increase in the standardization of terms and a strengthening of the legal and judicial dimension of the acta and sees at the same time other holders of diocesan authority beginning to issue their own charters. What this comparative approach does highlight, however, is the great disparity across Brittany, between an eastern area that is much more accustomed to writing communication and a western area where it remains more rare
48
De, Araujo Aguiar Luciana. "Les stratégies d’authenticité et les politiques de patrimoine culturel immatériel : une étude à partir de deux cas". Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MON30058/document.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Cette thèse a pour but de comprendre les stratégies de construction d’authenticité et les politiques de patrimoine culturel immatériel à partir de l’étude de deux pratiques culturelles reconnues actuellement comme patrimoine culturel immatériel : le fest-noz, présente dans les villes et campagnes de la région Bretagne, en France ; et le jongo, présente au sein des villes installées dans la vallée du fleuve Paraíba do Sul, dans la région Sudeste du Brésil. La démarche comparative présentée dans cette thèse résulte d’une double étude de cas, d’une part les rapports entre le fest-noz et l’authenticité en Bretagne, et d’autre part le jongo et l’authenticité afro-brésilienne. La thèse est structurée en trois parties. La première partie s’attache à comprendre le fest-noz et les questions de l’authenticité en Bretagne ; la deuxième partie met en lumière le jongo et la quête de l’authenticité afro-brésilienne ; la troisième partie est une analyse comparative des deux pratiques mais elle est également conclusive. Dans l’écriture ethnographique, les données de terrain ont été traitées dans une perspective bourdieusiennne. Par ailleurs, l’analyse des documents institutionnels - tels que les dossiers de patrimonialisation du fest-noz et du jongo, et les documents relatifs à la législation de l’UNESCO et du PCI en France et au Brésil – fût d’une importance cruciale. En outre, les entretiens avec les responsables des politiques de sauvegarde du fest-noz et du jongo et des politiques culturelles dans le domaine du PCI au Brésil et en France, m’ont permis d’affiner et de complexifier l’analyse des documents institutionnels. Cette thèse repose encore sur des données historiques contextuelles qui ont contribué à une meilleure compréhension des pratiques culturelles en questionThis thesis aims to understand the strategies (used in the representation of authenticity and the policies of intangible cultural heritage, based on the study of two cultural practices currently recognized as instances of intangible cultural heritage: fest-noz, present in the cities and countryside of Brittany, France; and jongo, present in the cities of the Paraíba do Sul river valley, located in the southeast region of Brazil. The comparative approach results from a double case study; on the one hand, the relations between fest-noz and authenticity in Brittany, and on the other hand, jongo and Afro-Brazilian authenticity. The thesis addresses three principle questions. First of all, an effort to understand fest-noz and how it shapes authenticity in Brittany; secondly, how jongo impacts the quest for Afro-Brazilian authenticity; and finally, a comparative analysis into both practices and the conclusions drawn from this approach. The field data collected from ethnographic writing archives were treated from a Bourdieu perspective. In addition, the analysis of institutional documents, including the heritage files of both fest-noz and jongo, and the documents relating to UNESCO and ICP legislation in France and Brazil, was of crucial importance. Furthermore, interviews with policy makers for the safeguarding of fest-noz and jongo and for cultural policies in the field of ICH in Brazil and France enabled a more nuanced elaboration of institutional documents. This thesis relies on contextual historical data that has contributed to a better understanding of the cultural practices in question
49
Delannoy, Thomas. "L’invention de la Coutume de Bretagne : essai sur la construction de la règle coutumière dans une principauté médiévale (v. 1180 – v. 1580)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Nantes Université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023NANU3021.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Depuis plusieurs années, de nombreuses études sont venues renouveler notre compréhension du phénomène coutumier. Dans le même temps, l’histoire institutionnelle et politique du duché de Bretagne a bénéficié des travaux des médiévistes. Toutefois, la question de la formation du droit coutumier breton demeure largement méconnue et tributaire d’ouvrages anciens. A l'exception des travaux de Marcel Planiol, juriste français et historien du droit mort en 1931, et de quelques études dispersées, le droit breton médiéval n'a bénéficié, ni du renouveau historiographique relatif au droit coutumier, ni de celui à l’œuvre chez les médiévistes bretons. Cette thèse s’intéresse à la formation de la Coutume de Bretagne, tant sous l’angle d’un ressort territorial que sous celui d’un corps de règles spécifiques. À partir des apports de la recherche historique récente, elle se propose, dans une perspective de longue durée, de restituer la formation du texte coutumier breton par une analyse des cadres d'exercice de la justice et notamment, du "notariat" breton de cette époqueFor several years now, many studies have been renewed our understanding of customary law. At the same time, the institutional and political history of the Duchy of Brittany has benefited from the work of medievalists. However, the question of the formation of Breton customary law remains largely unknown and dependent on old works. With the exception of the work of Marcel Planiol, a French jurist and legal historian who died in 1931, and a few scattered studies, medieval Breton law has benefited neither from the historiographical revival relating to customary law, nor from that at work among Breton medievalists. This thesis looks at the formation of the Coutume de Bretagne, both from the point of view of a territorial jurisdiction and from that of a body of specific rules. Drawing on recent historical research, the aim is to reconstruct the formation of Breton customary law from a long-term perspective, by analysing the ways in which justice was exercised and, in particular, the Breton « notaries » of the period
50
Guégan, Isabelle. "Rapport à la terre, conflits et hiérarchies sociales en Basse Bretagne au XVIIIe siècle". Thesis, Brest, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BRES0044.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Système de location des terres spécifique à la Basse-Bretagne, le domaine congéable est au coeur de notre étude. Il repose sur une dissociation entre le fonds (la terre) et les édifices et superfices (maisons, écuries, granges, talus, etc..). Si la terre appartient à un seigneur foncier, les édifices ou superfices sont le plus souvent la propriété d’un paysan (appelé convenancier ou domanier).En Cornouaille, le seigneur foncier loue pour une durée de neuf ans le fonds au convenancier moyennant une rente.S’il souhaite se séparer de son domanier, le foncier peut le congédier après que les édifices et superfices aient été évalués et remboursés au convenancier. Notre but est de montrer que, malgré toutes les critiques dont il a fait l’objet, le domaine congéable a assez bien fonctionné au XVIIIe siècle malgré quelques signes d’essoufflement à la veille de la Révolution (conflits sur les bois et l’interdiction d’édifier sans consentement du foncier). Sous une apparente rigidité, il a permis l’émergence d’une classe aisée de paysans d’autant que le risque de congément est relatif, cette prérogative étant rarement utilisée par le foncier qui la cède à un paysan qui se charge de congédier le convenancier en place. La possession des tenues convenancières par une élite paysanne rend le marché foncier assez atone car un très grand nombre de transactions foncières sont réalisées au sein d’un nombre réduit de familles ce qui perpétue d’autant la suprématie de ces familles sur les campagnes bretonnesThe domaine congeable, a system of land renting specific to Western Brittany, is in the heart of our study. It is based upon the separation between the land on one hand and the edifices and superfices (houses, stables, barns, embankments and so on…) on the other. If the land belongs to a landlord, the edifices and superfices are most often owned by a tenant, called convenancier or domanier. In Cornouaille, the landlord lets his land to the tenant for a rent for a period of nine years. If he wishes to part with his tenant, the landlord can dismiss him after the edifices andsuperfices have been evaluated and paid back to the tenant. Our aim is to show that, in spite of the many criticisms that have been levelled at it, the domaine congeable worked quite well during the XVIIIth century, even if it tailed off on the eve of the French Revolution (conflicts over woods, ban on building without the landlord’s consent).Under an apparent rigidity, it enabled a class of well-off farmers to emerge, all the more so because the risk of being dismissed was relative, this prerogative being rarely used by the landlord, who let a farmer dismiss the tenant in place. The fact that the tenancies / tenures under domaine congéable were owned by a class of well-off farmers rendered the land market rather dull because a very great number of land transactions were made within a limited number of families, which perpetuated accordingly the supremacy of those families over the Breton countryside