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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Brine"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 10 luglio 2025

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Brine"

Liu, Chenglin, Tim K. Lowenstein, Anjian Wang, Chunmiao Zheng, and Jianguo Yu. "Brine: Genesis and Sustainable Resource Recovery Worldwide." Annual Review of Environment and Resources 48, no. 1 (November 13, 2023): 371–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-112621-094745.

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Brine contains cations such as K+, Ca2+, Na+, Mg2+, Li+, B3+, Rb2+, and Cs2+, as well as anions such as SO42−, Cl−, HCO3−, CO32−, NO3−, Br−, and I−, which are valuable elements. Brines are widely distributed in salt lakes in the world's three enormous plateaus and beyond and are classified into three types: sulfate-, chloride-, and carbonate-type brines. Sulfate-type brine forms in salt lakes, whereas carbonate-type brine results from magmatic and hydrothermal activity. Chloride-type brine forms in deep basins due to the reduction and transformation of buried brine. Li in brine plays a critical role in clean energy transitions, and K in brine is important for potash production. Recently, new techniques for extracting Li from brine have been developed, and the large-scale, comprehensive development pattern of brines has formed the basis for a recycling economic model, which contributes to the efficient use of brines for potash and Li2CO3 development and CO2 emission reduction. This article reviews the genesis of brines and highlights new utilization techniques, trends, and sustainable development.

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Chen, Bo, Ying Yu, Qiao Su, Lin Yang, Tengfei Fu, Wenquan Liu, Guangquan Chen, and Wenzhe Lyu. "The Study on the Genesis of Underground Brine in Laizhou Bay Based on Hydrochemical Data." Water 15, no. 21 (October 29, 2023): 3788. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15213788.

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The Laizhou Bay area contains a large amount of Quaternary brine resources, which have been gradually depleted by long-term high-intensity mining. The local brine genesis is still controversial, and the dominant theory of the evaporation of brine formation limits the exploration of brine resources to the land area, while the confirmation of freezing brine formation would greatly expand the brine storage range. In this research paper, the genesis of underground brines was analyzed based on the major ion concentrations of 62 samples of underground brines at different depths at 24 stations along the south coast of Laizhou Bay. The results show that the underground brines originated from seawater; however, their chemical components were changed during the evolution process after formation. The hydrogeochemical modeling results show that the mixing of seawater and fresh groundwater also affects the chemical composition of brines. The large-scale exploitation of brine resources in recent decades has also led to significant changes in the chemical composition of the underground brine in Laizhou Bay compared with the earlier period. The special geographic environment and the development of the brine chemical industry have led to the evolution of underground brines in Laizhou Bay being affected by a variety of factors, which makes the traditional analysis of brine genesis in this region not applicable. Furthermore, although evaporation and concentration are the dominant factors in the formation of brine, there is still a lack of evidence to rule out the existence of the freezing pathway.

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Ajayi, Toluwaleke. "Investigation of PH effect in a mixture of basalt and iron on co2 sequestration in synthetic brines." International Journal of Advanced Geosciences 7, no. 2 (September 4, 2019): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijag.v7i2.29132.

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CO2 sequestration in deep saline aquifers is a critical component of long-term storage options. It is suggested that the precipitation of mineral carbonates is mostly dependent on brine pH and is favoured above a basic pH of 9.0. However, brine pH will drop to acidic values once CO2 is injected into the brine. Therefore, there is a need to raise brine pH and maintain it stable. Synthetic brines were used here instead of natural brines because of the difficulty in obtaining and storing natural brines. Therefore, experiments were conducted to prepare a series of synthetic brines and to compare their suitability to natural brines for carbon sequestration. A typical formation rock (basalt) and a buffer solution (0.3M Tris buffer solution) were selected to buffer brine pH. The results show that synthetic brines prepared can be used as analogues to natural brines for carbon sequestration studies in terms of chemical composition and pH response. This study investigates the effect of iron ( ) in the pH of six synthetic brines prepared as analogue to oil-field brine by conducting a pH stability studies for CO2-brine experiment and CO2-basalt-brine experiment. In a subsequent step, studies were conducted to correlate how brine samples respond in the presence of basalt and the buffer solution. X-Ray powder Diffraction (XRD) analyses were also carried out to characterise the mineralogy of the synthetic brines. The result of the XRD confirmed that calcite was the major component that was dominated in the -brine–experiment while slight occurrence of calcite, iron oxyhydroxides and dolomite precipitated in the -rock-brine experiment. It was observed that ferric iron and its reaction with host rock (basalt) did not contribute to pH instability therefore making it suitable for precipitation of carbonate mineral while ferrous iron in the absence of host rock did not contribute to pH instability therefore making it also suitable for precipitation of carbonate mineral.

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Burnett, David. "Brine Management: Produced Water and Frac Flowback Brine." Journal of Petroleum Technology 63, no. 10 (October 1, 2011): 46–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/1011-0046-jpt.

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Joye, S. B., I. R. MacDonald, J. P. Montoya, and M. Peccini. "Geophysical and geochemical signatures of Gulf of Mexico seafloor brines." Biogeosciences Discussions 2, no. 3 (May 31, 2005): 637–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-2-637-2005.

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Abstract. Geophysical, temperature, and discrete depth-stratified geochemical data illustrate differences between an actively venting mud volcano and a relatively quiescent brine pool in the Gulf of Mexico along the continental slope. Geophysical data, including laser-line scan mosaics and sub-bottom profiles, document the dynamic nature of both environments. Temperature profiles, obtained by lowering a CTD into the brine fluid, show that the venting brine was at least 10°C warmer than the bottom water. At the brine pool, two thermoclines were observed, one directly below the brine-seawater interface and a second about one meter below the first. At the mud volcano, substantial temperature variability was observed, with the core brine temperature being either slightly (~2°C in 1997) or substantially (19°C in 1998) elevated above bottom water temperature. Geochemical samples were obtained using a device called the "brine trapper" and concentrations of dissolved gases, major ions and nutrients were determined using standard techniques. Both brines contained about four times as much salt as seawater and steep concentration gradients of dissolved ions and nutrients versus brine depth were apparent. Differences in the concentrations of calcium, magnesium and potassium between the two brine fluids suggests that the fluids are derived from different sources or that brine-sediment reactions are more important at the mud volcano than the brine pool. Substantial concentrations of methane and ammonium were observed in both brines, suggesting that fluids expelled from deep ocean brines are important sources of methane and dissolved inorganic nitrogen to the surrounding environment.

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Joye, S. B., I. R. MacDonald, J. P. Montoya, and M. Peccini. "Geophysical and geochemical signatures of Gulf of Mexico seafloor brines." Biogeosciences 2, no. 3 (October 28, 2005): 295–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-2-295-2005.

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Abstract. Geophysical, temperature, and discrete depth-stratified geochemical data illustrate differences between an actively venting mud volcano and a relatively quiescent brine pool in the Gulf of Mexico along the continental slope. Geophysical data, including laser-line scan mosaics and sub-bottom profiles, document the dynamic nature of both environments. Temperature profiles, obtained by lowering a CTD into the brine fluid, show that the venting brine was at least 10°C warmer than the bottom water. At the brine pool, thermal stratification was observed and only small differences in stratification were documented between three sampling times (1991, 1997 and 1998). In contrast, at the mud volcano, substantial temperature variability was observed, with the core brine temperature being slightly higher than bottom water (by 2°C) in 1997 but substantially higher than bottom water (by 19°C) in 1998. Detailed geochemical samples were obtained in 2002 using a device called the "brine trapper" and concentrations of dissolved gases, major ions and nutrients were determined. Both brines contained about four times as much salt as seawater and steep concentration gradients of dissolved ions and nutrients versus brine depth were apparent. Differences in the concentrations of calcium, magnesium and potassium between the two brine fluids suggest that the fluids are derived from different sources, have different dilution/mixing histories, or that brine-sediment reactions are more important at the mud volcano. Substantial concentrations of methane, ammonium, and silicate were observed in both brines, suggesting that fluids expelled from deep ocean brines are important sources of these constituents to the surrounding environment.

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Alwazeer, Duried, Menekşe Bulut, and Yasemin Çelebi. "Hydrogen-Rich Water Can Restrict the Formation of Biogenic Amines in Red Beet Pickles." Fermentation 8, no. 12 (December 14, 2022): 741. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation8120741.

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Fermented foods are considered the main sources of biogenic amines (BAs) in the human diet while lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are the main producers of BAs. Normal water (NW) and hydrogen-rich water (HRW) were used for preparing red beet pickles, i.e., NWP and HRWP, respectively. The formation of BAs, i.e., aromatic amines (tyramine, 2-phenylethylamine), heterocyclic amines (histamine, tryptamine), and aliphatic di-amines (putrescine), was analyzed in both beet slices and brine of NWPs and HRWPs throughout the fermentation stages. Significant differences in redox value (Eh7) between NWP and HRWP brine samples were noticed during the first and last fermentation stages with lower values found for HRWPs. Total mesophilic aerobic bacteria (TMAB), yeast–mold, and LAB counts were higher for HRWPs than NWPs for all fermentation stages. Throughout fermentation stages, the levels of all BAs were lower in HRWPs than those of NWPs, and their levels in brines were higher than those of beets. At the end of fermentation, the levels (mg/kg) of BAs in NWPs and HRWPs were, respectively: tyramine, 72.76 and 61.74 (beet) and 113.49 and 92.67 (brine), 2-phenylethylamine, 48.00 and 40.00 (beet) and 58.01 and 50.19 (brine), histamine, 67.89 and 49.12 (beet) and 91.74 and 70.92 (brine), tryptamine, 93.14 and 77.23 (beet) and 119.00 and 93.11 (brine), putrescine, 81.11 and 63.56 (beet) and 106.75 and 85.93 (brine). Levels of BAs decreased by (%): 15.15 and 18.35 (tyramine), 16.67 and 13.44 (2-phenylethylamine), 27.65 and 22.7 (histamine), 17.09 and 21.76 (tryptamine), and 21.64 and 19.5 (putrescine) for beet and brine, respectively, when HRW was used in pickle preparation instead of NW. The results of this study suggest that the best method for limiting the formation of BAs in pickles is to use HRW in the fermentation phase then replace the fermentation medium with a new acidified and brined HRW followed by a pasteurization process.

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Hwang, Chiu-Chu, Yi-Chen Lee, Chung-Yung Huang, Hsien-Feng Kung, Hung-Hui Cheng, and Yung-Hsiang Tsai. "Effect of Brine Concentrations on the Bacteriological and Chemical Quality and Histamine Content of Brined and Dried Milkfish." Foods 9, no. 11 (November 3, 2020): 1597. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9111597.

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In this research, the occurrence of hygienic quality and histamine in commercial brined and dried milkfish products, and the effects of brine concentrations on the quality of brined and dried milkfish, were studied. Brined and dried milkfish products (n = 20) collected from four retail stores in Taiwan were tested to investigate their histamine-related quality. Among them, five tested samples (25%, 5/20) had histamine contents of more than 5 mg/100 g, the United States Food and Drug Administration guidelines for scombroid fish, while two (10%, 2/20) contained 69 and 301 mg/100 g of histamine, exceeding the 50 mg/100 g potential hazard level. In addition, the effects of brine concentrations (0%, 3%, 6%, 9%, and 15%) on the chemical and bacteriological quality of brined and dried milkfish during sun-drying were evaluated. The results showed that the aerobic plate count (APC), coliform, water activity, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVBN), and histamine content values of the brined and dried milkfish samples decreased with increased brine concentrations, whereas those of salt content and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) increased with increasing brine concentrations. The milkfish samples prepared with 6% NaCl brine had better quality with respect to lower APC, TVBN, TBA, and histamine levels.

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Nasralla, Ramez A., and Hisham A. Nasr-El-Din. "Double-Layer Expansion: Is It a Primary Mechanism of Improved Oil Recovery by Low-Salinity Waterflooding?" SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering 17, no. 01 (January 30, 2014): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/154334-pa.

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Summary Literature review shows that improved oil recovery (IOR) by low-salinity waterflooding could be attributed to several mechanisms, such as sweep-efficiency improvement, interfacial-tension (IFT) reduction, multicomponent ionic exchange, and electrical-double-layer (EDL) expansion. Although these mechanisms might contribute to IOR by low-salinity water, they may not be the primary mechanism. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to investigate if the mechanism of EDL expansion could be the principal reason for IOR during low-salinity waterflooding. Low-salinity water results in a thicker EDL when compared to high-salinity water, so we tried to eliminate the effect of low-salinity brines on double-layer expansion to show to what extent IOR is related to EDL expansion caused by low-salinity water. The double-layer expansion is dependent on the electric surface charge, which is a function of the pH of brine; therefore, the pH levels of low-salinity brines were decreased in this study to provide low-salinity brines that can produce a thinner EDL, similar to high-salinity brines. ζ-potential measurements were performed on both rock/brine and oil/brine interfaces to demonstrate the effect of brine pH and salinity on EDL. Contact angle and coreflood experiments were conducted to test different brine salinities at different pH values, which could assess the effect of water salinity and pH on rock wettability and oil recovery, and hence involvement of EDL expansion in the IOR process. ζ-potential results in this study showed that decreasing the pH of low-salinity brines makes the electrical charges at both oil/brine and brine/rock interfaces slightly negative, which reduces the double-layer expansion caused by low-salinity brine. As a result, the rock becomes more oil-wet, which was confirmed by contact-angle measurements. Moreover, coreflood experiments indicated that injecting low-salinity brine at lower pH values recovered smaller amounts of oil when compared to the original pH because of the elimination of the low-salinity-water effect on the thickness of the double layer. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that expansion of the double layer is a dominant mechanism of oil-recovery improvement by low-salinity waterflooding.

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Wang, Z., Z. He, and H. Li. "Mass transfer dynamics during brining of rabbit meat." World Rabbit Science 25, no. 4 (December 28, 2017): 377. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/wrs.2017.6687.

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As a traditional processing method, brining is a preliminary, critical and even essential process for many traditional rabbit meat products in China. The aim of this work was to investigate mass transfer of rabbit meat brined in different salt concentration. Rabbit meat (Longissimus dorsi) was brined for 24 h in 5 brine solutions (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25% NaCl [w/w]). Results indicated that mass transfer and kinetics parameters were significantly affected by the brine concentration during brining. When brine concentration increased, the total and water weight changes decreased, whereas the sodium chloride weight changes increased. Higher brine concentrations resulted in a higher degree of protein denaturation and consequently gave lower process yields. Samples treated with higher brine concentrations obtained lower brining kinetic parameter values for total weight changes and water weight changes, whereas they acquired higher values for sodium chloride weight changes.

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Tesi sul tema "Brine"

Mabovu, Bonelwa. "Brine treatment using natural adsorbents." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_3665_1319180742.

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The current study investigated application of natural adsorbents in brine treatment. Brines are hypersaline waters generated in power stations and mining industries rich in Mg2+, K+, Ca2+, Na+, SO4 2- , Cl- and traces of heavy metals, thus there is a need for these brines to be treated to recover potable water and remove problematic elements. Natural adsorbents have been successfully used in waste water treatment because of their high surface area and high adsorptive properties when they are conditioned with acid or base. The investigation of pH showed that natural adsorbents did not perform well at low pH of 4 and 6. The adsorbents were able to work efficiently at the natural pH of 8.52 of the brine solution. These results show that natural adsorbents hold great potential to remove cationic major components and selected heavy metal species from industrial brine wastewater. Heterogeneity of natural adsorbents samples, even when they have the same origin, could be a problem when wastewater treatment systems utilizing natural clinoptilolite and bentonite are planned to be developed. Therefore, it is very important to characterize the reserves fully in order to make them attractive in developing treatment technologies.

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Zibi, Lindizwe Mthanjiswa. "Industrial brine characterisation and modelling." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11279.

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Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references. Industrial wastewater contains many soluble inorganic and organic components and solid particles. This study focused on inorganic industrial hypersaline brines. Chemical engineering presents a variety of mechanical, thermal, biological and chemical processes capable of treating hypersaline brines to the standard required by legislation. However, some of these technologies are inefficient, costly and outdated and are not applicable in solving modern brine accumulation problems.

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Lyons, Bernadette M. "The effect of brine density on brine plume migration in groundwater, a centrifuge modelling study." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0004/MQ42658.pdf.

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Cottier, Finlo Robert. "Brine distribution in young sea ice." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1999. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/273248.

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Muriithi, Grace Nyambura. "CO2 sequestration using brine impacted fly fish." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2009. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_2786_1297918761.

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It was hypothesized that South African FA and brine could sequester CO2 through mineral carbonation. A statistical approach was undertaken to optimize the % CaCO3 formed from FA/brine/CO2 interaction with input parameters of temperature, pressure, particle size and solid/liquid ratio (S/L) being varied. The ranges adopted for the input parameters were: temperature of 30 &ordm C or 90 &ordm C pressure of 1 Mpa or 4 Mpa four particle sizes namely bulk ash, &gt 150 &mu m, &lt 20 &mu m and 20 &mu m- 150 &mu m particle size range S/L ratios of 0.1, 0.5 or 1. The FA/ brine dispersions were carbonated in a high pressure reactor varying the above mentioned input parameters. The fresh Secunda FA of various size fractions was characterized morphologically using scanning electron microscopy, chemically using X-ray fluorescence and mineralogically using qualitative X-ray diffraction. The carbonated solid residues on the other hand were characterized using quantitative X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, thermal gravimetic analysis and Chittick tests. The raw brine from Tutuka together with the carbonation leachates were characterized using inductively coupled mass spectrometry and ion chromatography. Total acid digestion was carried out to evaluate the differences in the total elemental content in both the fresh ash and the carbonated solid residues. The results suggested that South African FA from Secunda belongs to class F based on the CaO content as well as the total alumina, silica and ferric oxide content, while the RO brine from Tutuka were classified as NaSO4 waters...

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Benson, Michelle Suzanne. "Solar Membrane Pervaporation for Brine Water Desalination." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/144232.

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Feltham, Daniel Lee. "Fluid dynamics and thermodynamics of sea ice." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.275389.

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Hooper, G. R. "Adaptation and selection in the brine shrimp Artemia." Thesis, Swansea University, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.637302.

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The selective effects of Copper, Mercury, Cadmium, and sump oil on three bisexual species of Artemia were examined in both short and long term tests. The frequencies of alleles and genotypes of five loci were monitored, using starch gel electrophoresis, in populations of Artemia exposed to high doses of pollutant. Several indications of resistance being associated with particular genotypes or alleles were found. Competition experiments of bisexual and asexual species were also conducted under various regimes of temperature and salinity. Cyclical dominance found in natural co-existing populations of asexual and bisexual Artemia was successfully modelled in the laboratory and evidence obtained of preferred conditions for each mode of reproduction. The relative advantages of sexual and asexual reproduction are discussed, with reference to Artemia. An attempt was made to determine the heritability in A. franciscana of resistance to Carbon Dioxide saturated waters in order to establish a pathway of gene exchange with A. monica, which is found in carbonate waters. This does not appear to be a significantly heritable trait. Seventeen new strains obtained from cyst samples were analysed using starch gel electrophoresis. This information was added to the database of Artemia electrophoretic data compiled by Abreu (1983), and using the BIOSYS computer programme the following were produced for A.salina, A.franciscana and the asexual strains: - Similarity and Distance Coefficients - Phenetic analysis. - Phylogenetic analysis.

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Bintsis, Thomas. "Aspects of the microbiology of Feta cheese brine." Thesis, University of Reading, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366049.

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Bouma, Andrew Thomas. "Split-feed counterflow reverse osmosis for brine concentration." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/118668.

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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2018. This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections. Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis. Includes bibliographical references (pages 73-77). Brine concentration is a useful operation that allows for increased recovery ratios in water treatment systems, reduction of waste volumes, and the production of minerals from saline brines. As our world moves towards a more sustainable future, improvements in energy-efficient brine concentration will be important. While viable brine concentration technologies exist, current methods are often inefficient. In this thesis, a model is developed to simulate Counterflow Reverse Osmosis (CFRO), a membrane-based, pressure-driven brine concentration technology. Using this model, a single CFRO module is simulated and its performance characterized. Entropy generation within a single-stage system is analyzed, which provides insights for configuring and optimizing multistaged systems. Additionally, a parametric analysis of membrane parameters provides direction for the development of CFRO-specific membranes. Two existing configurations of CFRO are discussed, and compared with a new third configuration, split feed CFRO, which is presented for the first time here. Split feed CFRO systems are simulated and optimized to provide guidance for system design. A variety of multistage systems operating at a range of recovery ratios are simulated, and the results compared are with existing desalination and brine concentration technologies. Potential is shown for the maximum recovery ratio of RO systems to increase significantly when hybridized with split-feed CFRO brine concentration systems, while the energy requirements of these hybridized systems is similar to, or an improvement on, the expected performance of conventional RO systems operating at high pressures and the same conditions. A large reduction in energy usage when compared to commonly used evaporative brine concentrators is shown to be possible. Funded by the Kuwait Foundation for the Advancement of Sciences (KFAS) Project No. P31475EC01 by Andrew Thomas Bouma. S.M.

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Libri sul tema "Brine"

Plant, Marjorie. Honey or brine: My autobiography. (Bolton): Stylus, 1990.

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Sours, Douglas. Status of the brine problem in Illinois. Springfield, Ill.]: Illinois Dept. of Energy and Natural Resources, 1985.

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Stephens, Doyle W. Brine shrimp in Great Salt Lake, Utah. Salt Lake City, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey, Utah District, 1998.

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(Firm), CreateSpace, ed. Diary of a wimpy brine: The return. [Place of publication not identified]: CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2014.

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Stephens, Doyle W. Brine shrimp in Great Salt Lake, Utah. Salt Lake City, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey, Utah District, 1999.

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Stephens, Doyle W. Brine shrimp in Great Salt Lake, Utah. Salt Lake City, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey, Utah District, 1999.

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Alistair, Lawrie, Matthews Hellen, and Ritchie Douglas, eds. Glimmer of cold brine: A Scottish sea anthology. Aberdeen: Aberdeen University Press in association with Grampian Regional Council, 1988.

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Schultze, L. E. Recovering zinc-lead sulfide from a geothermal brine. Pittsburgh, Pa: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1985.

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Arousi, A. A. Inhibition of CO2 corrosion in crude oils and brine. Manchester: UMIST, 1993.

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Raab, Paul. Investigation of brine contamination using time-domain electromagnetic soundings. [Reston, Va.?]: U.S. Dept of the Interior, Geological Survey, 1985.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Brine"

Gooch, Jan W. "Brine." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 94. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_1585.

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Soto-Hernández, Daniela. "Brine." In Lithium Extraction in Chile, 169–204. London: Routledge, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003562580-6.

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Bellona, Christopher. "Brine Management." In A Multidisciplinary Introduction to Desalination, 453–87. New York: River Publishers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003336914-19.

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"Brine." In Baas Becking's Geobiology, 103–26. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118295472.ch10.

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"Brine." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 128. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30160-0_1550.

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"Brine." In Dictionary of Geotourism, 51. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2538-0_200.

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"brine." In Dictionary Geotechnical Engineering/Wörterbuch GeoTechnik, 165. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41714-6_23313.

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"Brine." In Rules of Thumb for Petroleum Engineers, 97. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119403647.ch44.

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"Brine." In Separation Anxiety, 12. University of Alberta Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781772126129-007.

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"Lover Brine." In Lover Brine, 24. Langaa RPCIG, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/jj.19583508.27.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Brine"

Bryan, C. R., and E. J. Schindelholz. "Properties of Brines Formed by Deliquescence of Sea-Salt Aerosols." In CORROSION 2018, 1–15. NACE International, 2018. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2018-10516.

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Abstract (sommario):

Abstract For long-term dry storage, most spent nuclear fuel in the United States is placed in welded 304 SS or 316 SS canisters that are stored within passively ventilated overpacks. As the canisters cool, sea-salt aerosols deposited on the canister surfaces will deliquesce to form potentially corrosive brines. We have used thermodynamic modeling to predict the chemical composition of the brines that form by deliquescence of sea-salt aerosols, and to estimate brine volumes and salt/brine volume ratios as a function of temperature and atmospheric relative humidity. We have also mixed representative brines and measured the physical and chemical properties of those brines over a range of temperatures. These data provide a matrix that can be used to predict the evolution of deliquescent brine properties over time on storage canister surfaces, as the canisters cool and surface relative humidity increases. Brine volumes and properties affect corrosion kinetics and damage distributions on the metal surface, and may offer important constraints on the expected rate and extent of corrosion and the timing of SCC crack initiation. The predicted brines do not consider reactions with atmospheric gases that are known to affect sea-salt particle and deliquescent brine compositions under field conditions. The potential effects of such reactions are discussed, and preliminary modeling and experimental data are presented.

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Amaya, Hisashi, Masakatsu Ueda, Masayuki Sagara, and Kazuhiko Noda. "Effect of Variation of Local PH on Stress Corrosion Cracking of Stainless Steels in High Concentration Brines." In CORROSION 2007, 1–15. NACE International, 2007. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2007-07096.

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Abstract Recently, high density clear brine has been utilized in the oil and gas exploration field as completion or packer fluid in the annulus between the production casing and tubing. CaCl2 has been widely applied for the clear brine, however, some failure cases of duplex stainless steels or super martensitic stainless steels in high density CaCl2 brine have been reported. The effects of oxygen and/or production gas (CO2/H2S) contamination, or H2S formation as decomposition products of NaSCN-type inhibitor have been discussed. In this study, pH in high concentration brines was evaluated to discuss SCC susceptibility of stainless steels. Especially, the stability of pH in high concentration brines has been closely studied for the fundamental aspect to determine the effect of the variation of local pH on SCC behavior. pH imaging sensor (Scanning Chemical Microscope - SCHEM which can measure the two-dimensional pH distribution) was applied to examine the local pH distribution in high concentration brines. SCC susceptibilities of martensitic stainless steels and duplex stainless steels were evaluated in the combination of various brine concentrations and temperature conditions. The addition of caustic soda to high concentration CaCl2 brine made it stable at higher pH, and also reduced the SCC susceptibility. SCC susceptibility seems to depend on the stability of passive film. Therefore, the depassivation pH is considered to be the important factor affecting SCC in high concentration brines. The effect of the hydrolysis reaction of dissolved metallic ion makes the local pH easily dropped in high concentration brine condition because of its higher activity coefficient of proton and lower buffer power, even if the anodic dissolution is almost negligible like passivation current density. SCC mechanism in high concentration brine is discussed based on the local pH variation and the depassivation pH of stainless steels.

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Turnipseed, S. P. "Cathodic Protection in Oilfield Brine." In CORROSION 1991, 1–16. NACE International, 1991. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1991-91234.

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Abstract This paper discusses the use of CP (cathodic protection) to mitigate internal corrosion related failures that occur in the produced brine phase of oilfield tanks and production vessels. Some of the unique considerations covered include: brine properties, CP system selection, installation details, monitoring, and coatings. Data from twelve case histories are briefly outlined.

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Downs, J. D., M. Harris, W. Benton, S. k. Howard, and M. Billingham. "New Insights into the Potential for Environmental Cracking of Corrosion Resistant Alloys in High-Density Formate and Bromide Well Completion Brines at High Temperature." In CORROSION 2007, 1–19. NACE International, 2007. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2007-07097.

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Abstract The objective of the laboratory experiments described in this paper was to examine how exposure to a combination of H2S and CO2 would impact on environmental cracking, hydrogen charging and loss of ductility of CRAs and Alloy 718 immersed in calcium bromide brines and high density buffered potassium/cesium formate brines at 40°C (104°F) and 160°C (320°F). The test results indicate that modified 13Cr-2Mo is susceptible to environmental cracking at 160°C (320°F) in high-density brines contaminated with a mixture of CO2 and H2S. In calcium bromide brine the cracking occurred both at high (160°C / 320°F) and low (40°C / 104°F) temperatures. In the buffered formate brine, cracks were observed on cross-sections at high temperature only. In contrast, 22Cr and 25Cr seemed to be resistant to environmental cracking in high-density brines under the specific conditions of the experiments. For the bromide brine this was unexpected as a previous test conducted under exactly the same conditions, but with 1% added chloride and without H2S, caused cracking of 22Cr. The fracturing of an Alloy 718 specimen in calcium bromide brine at 160°C (320°F) needs further investigation.

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Intiso, Luciana, Lucrezia Scoppio, Viviane C. M. Smith, Lee Smith, Tahir Tahirov, Mohamed El-Kassar, and Ghulam Mohiuldin. "Assessment of Materials Compatibility with High Density Brines Completion Fluid of HPHT Wells." In CORROSION 2018, 1–15. NACE International, 2018. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2018-11509.

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Abstract High pressure high temperature (HPHT) Oil and Gas developments often require high density clear brines for well completion fluids used in the final stages of well construction. Formate and bromide brines are two which are commonly used. Heavy completion brines can, however, pose a corrosion and cracking threat, especially if the pH reduces or the brine degrades under high pressure/high temperature conditions. This latter threat can be problematic where the completion design permits brine to be trapped in the completion for an extended period, especially if further contaminated with formation treatment chemicals and formation fluids. Laboratory testing was conducted to explore the credibility of such a threat for two candidate completion brines. In the present work, a buffered mixed formate and a proprietary bromide brine were tested under 14Bar CO2 at 140°C. The materials tested were: super martensitic stainless steel (UNS(1) S41426) tubular, super duplex stainless steel UNS S39274 tubular, API 5CT/ ISO 11960 grade “C125” casing and nickel alloy (UNS N08825). The paper presents the specific corrosion and cracking threats introduced by the brines.

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Amaya, Hisashi, Taro Ohe, Masakatsu Ueda, Pao S. Chen, Edward Robinson, Matthew Miller, and John Augsburger. "Evaluation of Compatibility between Brine Packages and Materials for Tubing and Down Hole Equipment." In CORROSION 2010, 1–13. NACE International, 2010. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2010-10306.

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Abstract The high-density clear brine, such as CaCl2 has been widely applied in the oil and gas exploration field as completion or packer fluid, however, some failure cases of duplex stainless steels or super martensitic stainless steels in high density CaCl2 brine have been reported. The effects of oxygen and/or production gas (CO2/H2S) contamination, or H2S formation as decomposition products of NaSCN-type inhibitor have been discussed. In this study, the compatibility between brine packages and Corrosion Resistant Alloy (CRA) materials used in the tubing and down hole equipments have been examined. The brine packages mean the brine and other additives like oxygen scavenger and inhibitor. The CRA materials evaluated in this study for tubing are super martensitic stainless steels and duplex stainless steels, and for down hole equipment are super martensitic stainless steels and austenitic precipitated hardened steels. The brines are NaBr/KCl, NaBr, CaBr2, ZnBr2/CaBr2/CaCl2 and ZnBr2/CaBr2 with the combination of inhibitor (amine base or NaSCN type). The SCC susceptibility for each CRA materials in each combination of brine packages is evaluated. The suitable combination for each CRAs and brine packages is recommended.

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Adams, W. L., and W. A. Lindley. "Corrosion Inhibition in H2S Containing Brine." In CORROSION 1989, 1–13. NACE International, 1989. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1989-89180.

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Abstract Sour brines, those containing hydrogen sulfide, can be very corrosive to the mild steels typical of oil and gas production facilities. Water soluble corrosion inhibitors are used to mitigate corrosion in these systems. The corrosion of mild steel in hydrogen sulfide saturated, five percent sodium chloride brines was investigated by electrochemical (dc) and weight loss techniques. The effects of inhibitor addition to the sour brines were determined.

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Garsany, Yannick, Derek Pletcher, and Bill Hedges. "The Role of Acetate in CO2 Corrosion of Carbon Steel: Studies Related to Oilfield Conditions." In CORROSION 2003, 1–15. NACE International, 2003. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2003-03324.

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Abstract The influence of acetate ion on the rate of corrosion of carbon steel (X65) in oilfield brines also containing CO2 has been investigated using voltammetry at rotating disc electrodes. It is demonstrated that the speciation of the brine is a major factor and it is shown that the rate of corrosion of the steel is largely determined by the concentration of undissociated acetic acid in the brine. This arises because the proton donor, as well as the free proton, is a reactant in the cathodic reaction leading to corrosion and the concentration of acetic acid is usually significantly higher than that of the free proton in the brines. In laboratory simulated brines containing only NaCl and NaOAc saturated with CO2, the pH and the concentration of acetic acid is a function only of the acetate concentration and hence there is a direct relationship between the corrosion rate and the acetate content of the simulated brine. In real oilfield brines, the situation is more complex. Other species in the brine, particularly HCO3-, can influence the pH and, hence, the concentration of acetic acid; predicting the corrosion rate then requires more extensive information about the composition. The role of carbonic acid, bicarbonate and carbon dioxide as potential proton donors is also discussed and it is concluded that with &gt; 1 mM OAc-, the current density for acetic acid reduction will dominate the current density for the reduction of all other species.

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Mameng, Sukanya Hägg, Arne Bergquist, and Elisabeth Johansson. "Corrosion of Stainless Steel in Sodium Chloride Brine Solutions." In CORROSION 2014, 1–12. NACE International, 2014. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2014-4077.

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Abstract With increasing environmental awareness follows demands for handling of brines that remain after use in a variety of applications. For this reason, stainless steels are being used in increasingly corrosive brine environments. The risk for corrosion in brines is associated with the chloride content, temperature, pH and oxygen level. This paper aims to explore the corrosion resistance of some stainless steels in highly concentrated sodium chloride solutions. The resistance to localized corrosion of stainless steels in 20,000,100,000 and 200,000 ppm Cl− sodium chloride solutions was investigated at 90°C. The effects of chloride content, oxygen content and solution pH were studied on test coupons with and without welds and on U-bend specimens. Evaluation was performed for pitting and crevice corrosion, as well as for stress corrosion cracking. Long-term exposures (&gt;1300 hours) were combined with electrochemical measurements such as cyclic polarization curves and determination of the critical pitting temperature (CPT). Investigated materials included duplex, super duplex, as well as 6Mo and 7Mo super austenitic stainless steels, which were compared to a standard austenitic grade. A ranking of the tested stainless steel grades according to their corrosion resistance in sodium chloride brine solutions was: UNS S31603 &lt; UNS N08904, UNS S32205 &lt; UNS S31254, UNS S32750 &lt; UNS S34565 &lt; UNS S32654. Oxygen content was found to be an important factor influencing the corrosiveness of the sodium chloride brine solutions, with aerated conditions being the most corrosive ones. Also increasing chloride content and decreasing pH increased the corrosiveness of sodium chloride brine solution.

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Ke, M., P. H. Javora, and Q. Qu. "pH Buffer Provides Corrosion Control Alternative for High Temperature Well Completions." In CORROSION 2009, 1–14. NACE International, 2009. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2009-09236.

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Abstract This study applied a pH buffer as a corrosion inhibitor in brine packer fluids. The study systematically evaluated the effect of pH buffer on corrosion control of steel materials at elevated temperatures up to 425°F. The paper describes laboratory results of pH buffer in sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium bromide and sodium chloride/sodium bromide brines and field case histories for buffered brine packer fluids in high-temperature high-pressure wells. The pH buffer applied is cost effective, readily available and easily handled and monitored in the field. Results from buffer capacity, general corrosion and stress corrosion cracking tests are presented. Field case histories are presented to demonstrate the successful use of the pH buffer in brine packer fluids at high temperatures.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Brine"

Skone, Timothy J. Brine Evaporation Pond. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1508997.

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Westinghouse TRU Solutions. Brine Generation Study. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/815183.

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Skone, Timothy J. Brine Chlor-alkali Processing. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1508996.

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Skone, Timothy J. Brine water storage tank. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1509246.

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Nancy Moller Weare and John H. Weare. Models of Geothermal Brine Chemistry. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/793353.

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Grasby, S. E. Brine springs of northern Alberta. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/222943.

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Kuhlman, Kristopher L., and Bwalya Malama. Brine flow in heated geologic salt. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1095129.

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Jordan, Amy B., Hakim Boukhalfa, Florie Andre Caporuscio, and Philip H. Stauffer. Brine Transport Experiments in Granular Salt. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1257087.

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Rupke, Andrew, and Taylor Boden. Lithium Brine Analytical Database of Utah. Utah Geological Survey, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.34191/ofr-730.

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Robertson, Eric Partridge, Charles Phillip Thomas, Norman Morrow, and (U of Wyoming). Improved Water Flooding through Injection Brine Modification. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/910973.

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