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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Brief Interventions"

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Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 31 gennaio 2023

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1

Finfgeld-Connett, Deborah. "Alcohol Brief Interventions". Annual Review of Nursing Research 23, n. 1 (gennaio 2005): 363–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0739-6686.23.1.363.

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A large proportion of Americans report binge or heavy drinking. The human and economic costs of alcohol misuse are extensive, with hundreds of thousands of lives lost or disrupted and billions of dollars spent due to impaired productivity, crime, and adverse health consequences. In an effort to reduce costs such as these, scientists and clinicians have developed brief interventions, characterized by their low intensity and short (5–60 minutes) duration, as well as by their intent to provide early intervention before drinkers develop alcohol abuse or dependence. The purpose of this review, therefore, is to analyze research studies related to brief intervention and critically analyze and critique their findings. In addition, both prospective randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses will be used to discuss the implications for clinical practice and make recommendations for future research.

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2

Schatman, Michael E., Hannah Shapiro, María F. Hernández-Nuño de la Rosa e Vanak Huot. "Brief Motivational Interventions". Dental Clinics of North America 64, n. 3 (luglio 2020): 559–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cden.2020.02.005.

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3

Amaranto, Ernesto, Jakob Steinberg, Cherie Castellano e Roger Mitchell. "Police Stress Interventions". Brief Treatment and Crisis Intervention 3, n. 1 (1 marzo 2003): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brief-treatment/mhg001.

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4

Heather, Nick. "The case for extended brief interventions". Slovenian Journal of Public Health 50, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2011): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10152-010-0023-8.

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The case for extended brief interventions Brief interventions directed against hazardous and harmful drinking have become popular in recent years, both among researchers and, to some extent, among general practitioners and other health professionals. There is a strong evidence-base, at least in primary health care, to justify this popularity. But there is often confusion about what exactly alcohol brief intervention consists of. In fact, the term ‘brief intervention’ does not describe a single, well-defined activity but rather a family of interventions that differ in a range of ways. Although they all share the characteristics of being briefer than most formal treatment programmes for alcohol problems and of being aimed at drinkers with less severe problems and levels of dependence than those typically attending specialized treatment services, brief interventions differ among themselves in duration over time, number of scheduled sessions, procedures and accompanying materials, styles of interaction, delivery personnel and settings, and the underlying theoretical approach on which they are based.

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HEATHER, NICK. "Psychology and Brief Interventions". Addiction 84, n. 4 (aprile 1989): 357–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.1989.tb00578.x.

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6

Bouwman, Emily P., Marleen C. Onwezen, Danny Taufik, David de Buisonjé e Amber Ronteltap. "Brief self-efficacy interventions to increase healthy dietary behaviours: evidence from two randomized controlled trials". British Food Journal 122, n. 11 (8 luglio 2020): 3297–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-07-2019-0529.

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PurposeSelf-efficacy has often been found to play a significant role in healthy dietary behaviours. However, self-efficacy interventions most often consist of intensive interventions. The authors aim to provide more insight into the effect of brief self-efficacy interventions on healthy dietary behaviours.Design/methodology/approachIn the present article, two randomized controlled trials are described. In study 1, a brief self-efficacy intervention with multiple self-efficacy techniques integrated on a flyer is tested, and in study 2, an online brief self-efficacy intervention with a single self-efficacy technique is tested.FindingsThe results show that a brief self-efficacy intervention can directly increase vegetable intake and indirectly improve compliance to a diet plan to eat healthier.Originality/valueThese findings suggest that self-efficacy interventions do not always have to be intensive to change dietary behaviours and that brief self-efficacy interventions can also lead to more healthy dietary behaviours.

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7

Dulmus, Catherine N., e John S. Wodarski. "Six Critical Questions for Brief Therapeutic Interventions". Brief Treatment and Crisis Intervention 2, n. 4 (1 dicembre 2002): 279–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brief-treatment/2.4.279.

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8

Romo, Lucia, Yann Le Strat, Caroline Aubry, Sonia Marquez, Karine Houdeyer, Philippe Batel, Jean Adès e Philip Gorwood. "The Role of Brief Motivational Intervention on Self-Efficacy and Abstinence in a Cohort of Patients with Alcohol Dependence". International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine 39, n. 3 (settembre 2009): 313–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/pm.39.3.g.

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Objectives: Brief interventions are effective in reducing heavy drinking in the general population but few studies examined whether it is also effective in alcohol dependent patients, and whether brief intervention increases self-efficacy. Method: One hundred and seven patients with alcohol-dependence were randomized in a controlled trial examining the efficacy of a brief motivational intervention on both self-efficacy level and days of abstinence. Results: We found that brief motivational interventions had no effect on days of abstinence, nor on self-efficacy, but that high self-efficacy was consistently correlated with a longer period of abstinence, at all assessment-points. Conclusion: Self-efficacy appears to be a crucial prognosis factor, and is not influenced by brief motivational interventions. Other types of specific psychotherapy, probably more intensive, may be more efficient in alcohol-dependent patients than motivational interventions.

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López-Pelayo, Hugo, Elsa Caballeria, Estela Díaz, Ariadna Sánchez, Lidia Segura, Joan Colom, Paul Wallace e Antoni Gual. "Digital brief interventions for risky drinkers are not the panacea: A pilot study exploring barriers for its implementation according to professionals’ perceptions". Health Informatics Journal 26, n. 2 (18 giugno 2019): 925–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1460458219855177.

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Digital brief interventions have emerged as an instrument to improve the implementation of Screening, Brief Intervention and Referral to Treatment programs for risky drinkers. However, trials in Catalonia have been unsuccessful. This study was aimed at researching professionals’ perceptions regarding the usefulness of digital brief interventions in overcoming traditional barriers of face-to-face Screening, Brief Intervention and Referral to Treatment and new barriers posed by the use of digital brief interventions. Professionals who participated in the Effectiveness of primary care based Facilitated Access to alcohol Reduction website (EFAR)digital brief intervention clinical trial were surveyed on April 2017 on the following areas: (1) satisfaction, (2) usefulness, (3) perceived ability of digital interventions on overcoming traditional barriers and (4) perceived new barriers of digital interventions. Sixty-eight professionals completed the survey. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using the level of professional engagement with the project as the dependent variable, barriers as independent variables and socio-demographic characteristics as covariables. Of all professionals, 79.4 percent were satisfied with their participation in the project, but only 26.5 percent perceived the website as useful. Low engagement was associated with the perceived lack of feedback (0.22; 95% confidence interval: 0.05 -0.88), perception that it was difficult to use among the elderly(0.22; 95 confidence interval: 0.05 -0.091) and among low socioeconomic population (0.14; 95% confidence interval: 0.03 -0.64). The majority of the participants indicated that digital brief intervention for risky drinkers succeeded in overcoming most of the traditional barriers. However, new barriers emerged as difficulties for implementing digital brief interventions in the Catalan Primary Health Care System. Usefulness perception is a key factor, which must be addressed in any proposed intervention in primary care.

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10

Bloom, Bernard L. "Brief Interventions for Anxiety Disorders: Clinical Outcome Studies". Brief Treatment and Crisis Intervention 2, n. 4 (1 dicembre 2002): 325–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brief-treatment/2.4.325.

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11

Freemantle, N., P. Gill, C. Godfrey, A. Long, C. Richards, T. A. Sheldon, F. Song e J. Webb. "Brief interventions and alcohol use." Quality and Safety in Health Care 2, n. 4 (1 dicembre 1993): 267–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/qshc.2.4.267.

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Goldney, Robert D. "Brief Youth Suicide Prevention Interventions". Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior 32, n. 4 (dicembre 2002): 454. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/suli.32.4.454.22337.

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Botelho, Rick, Brett Engle, Jorge Camilo Mora e Cheryl Holder. "Brief Interventions for Alcohol Misuse". Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice 38, n. 1 (marzo 2011): 105–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pop.2010.11.008.

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Swan, Jennifer L., e David C. Hodgins. "Brief Interventions for Disordered Gambling". Canadian Journal of Addiction 6, n. 2 (settembre 2015): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/02024458-201509000-00005.

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Chick, J. "Brief interventions for alcohol misuse." BMJ 307, n. 6916 (27 novembre 1993): 1374. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.307.6916.1374.

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Field, Craig, Daniel W. Hungerford e Chris Dunn. "Brief Motivational Interventions: An Introduction". Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care 59, Supplement (settembre 2005): S21—S26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ta.0000179899.37332.8a.

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17

Boland, Billy, Colin Drummond e Eileen Kaner. "Brief alcohol interventions – everybody's business". Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 14, n. 6 (novembre 2008): 469–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/apt.bp.105.002063.

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Heavy drinking poses a significant risk to public health in the UK. Opportunistic screening and brief interventions offer a cost-effective method of reducing the harm related to excessive alcohol consumption at both an individual and a public health level. Given the high prevalence of alcohol misuse among patients attending mental health services and its impact on behaviour and health, professionals need to be skilled in identifying and treating these problems in all areas of mental health. There is also a need for effective joint working between mental health and specialist addiction services. This article describes the principles and evidence base for brief alcohol interventions, and methods of implementation in health settings.

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18

Mundee, Bob. "Brief Interventions with Bereaved Children". Journal of Advanced Nursing 58, n. 1 (aprile 2007): 101–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2007.04267.x.

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19

Moyer, Anne, e John W. Finney. "Brief interventions for alcohol misuse". Canadian Medical Association Journal 187, n. 7 (2 marzo 2015): 502–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.140254.

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Beyer, F. R., F. Campbell, N. Bertholet, J. B. Daeppen, J. B. Saunders, E. D. Pienaar, C. R. Muirhead e E. F. S. Kaner. "The Cochrane 2018 Review on Brief Interventions in Primary Care for Hazardous and Harmful Alcohol Consumption: A Distillation for Clinicians and Policy Makers". Alcohol and Alcoholism 54, n. 4 (7 maggio 2019): 417–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/agz035.

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Abstract Aims An updated Cochrane systematic review assessed effectiveness of screening and brief intervention to reduce hazardous or harmful alcohol consumption in general practice or emergency care settings. This paper summarises the implications of the review for clinicians. Methods Cochrane methods were followed. Reporting accords with PRISMA guidance. We searched multiple resources to September 2017, seeking randomised controlled trials of brief interventions to reduce hazardous or harmful alcohol consumption in people attending general practice, emergency care or other primary care settings for reasons other than alcohol treatment. Brief intervention was defined as a conversation comprising five or fewer sessions of brief advice or brief lifestyle counselling and a total duration of less than 60 min. Our primary outcome was alcohol consumption, measured as or convertible to grams per week. We conducted meta-analyses to assess change in consumption, and subgroup analyses to explore the impact of participant and intervention characteristics. Results We included 69 studies, of which 42 were added for this update. Most studies (88%) compared brief intervention to control. The primary meta-analysis included 34 studies and provided moderate-quality evidence that brief intervention reduced consumption compared to control after one year (mean difference −20 g/wk, 95% confidence interval −28 to −12). Subgroup analysis showed a similar effect for men and women. Conclusions Brief interventions can reduce harmful and hazardous alcohol consumption in men and women. Short, advice-based interventions may be as effective as extended, counselling-based interventions for patients with harmful levels of alcohol use who are presenting for the first time in a primary care setting.

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Langagergaard, Vivian, Ole Kudsk Jensen, Claus Vinther Nielsen, Chris Jensen, Merete Labriola, Vibeke Neergaard Sørensen e Pernille Pedersen. "The comparative effects of brief or multidisciplinary intervention on return to work at 1 year in employees on sick leave due to low back pain: A randomized controlled trial". Clinical Rehabilitation 35, n. 9 (11 aprile 2021): 1290–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02692155211005387.

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Objective: To compare return to work (RTW) rates among patients with low back pain (LBP) and different job relations randomized to brief or multidisciplinary intervention. Design: A randomized controlled trial with 1-year follow-up. Setting: Silkeborg Regional Hospital, Denmark. Subjects: Four hundred seventy-six participants were divided into two groups concerning job relations: strong (influence on job and no fear of losing it) or weak (no influence on job and/or fear of losing it), and afterwards randomized to brief or multidisciplinary intervention. Interventions: Brief intervention included examination and advice by a rheumatologist and a physiotherapist. Multidisciplinary intervention included brief intervention plus coaching by a case manager making a plan for RTW with the patient. Main measures: Primary outcome was 1-year RTW rate. Secondary outcomes included pain intensity (LBP rating scale), disability (Roland Morris disability scale), and psychological measures (Common Mental Disorder Questionnaire, Major Depression Inventory, and EQ-5D-3L). Results: Mean (SD) age was 43.1 (9.8) years. Among 272 participants with strong job relations, RTW was achieved for 104/137 (76%) receiving brief intervention compared to 89/135 (66%) receiving multidisciplinary intervention, hazard ratio 0.73 (CI: 0.55–0.96). Corresponding results for 204 participants with weak job relations were 69/102 (68%) in both interventions, hazard ratio 1.07 (CI: 0.77–1.49). For patients with strong job relations, depressive symptoms and quality of life were more improved after brief intervention. Conclusion: Brief intervention resulted in higher RTW rates than multidisciplinary intervention for employees with strong job relations. There were no differences in RTW rates between interventions for employees with weak job relations.

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Links, Paul S., Yvonne Bergmans e Michele Cook. "Psychotherapeutic Interventions to Prevent Repeated Suicidal Behavior". Brief Treatment and Crisis Intervention 3, n. 4 (2003): 445–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brief-treatment/mhg033.

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Werch, Chudley E., Hui Bian, Michele J. Moore, Steven C. Ames, Carlo C. DiClemente, Dennis Thombs e Steven B. Pokorny. "Brief Multiple Behavior Health Interventions for Older Adolescents". American Journal of Health Promotion 23, n. 2 (novembre 2008): 92–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4278/ajhp.07040533.

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Purpose. This study examined whether brief intervention strategies founded on the Behavior-Image Model and addressing positive images of college and career success could be potentially efficacious in impacting multiple health habits of high-risk adolescents transitioning into adulthood. Design. Participants were stratified by grade level and drug use and individually randomized to one of the three Plan for Success interventions, with baseline and 1 month postintervention data collections. Setting. A large, relatively diverse suburban school in northeast Florida. Subjects. A total of 375 11th and 12th grade students participated during the spring semester 2006. Intervention. Three interventions studied included: (1) Goal Survey, (2) Goal Survey plus Contract, or (3) Goal Survey plus Consult. Measures. Outcome measures included multiple health risk, health promotion, and personal development behaviors, as well as image and belief measures. Analysis. Repeated-measures MANOVAs and ANOVAs were used to examine intervention effects. Results. MANOVAs were significant for alcohol use, F(4,328) = 6.33, p = .001; marijuana use, F(4,317) = 3.72, p = .01; exercise, F(3,299) = 4.28, p = .01; college preparation, F(2,327) = 6.26, p = .001; and career preparation, F(2,329) = 6.17, p = .001, with most behaviors improving over time, whereas group-by-time interaction effects were found for nutrition habits, F(6,652) = 2.60, p = .02; and career preparation, F(4,658) = 3.26, p = .01, favoring the consultation. Conclusion. Brief interventions founded on the Behavior-Image Model may have potential to improve selected health and personal development habits among older adolescents.

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Schaub, Michael Patrick, Anne H. Berman, Hugo López Pelayo, Nikolaos Boumparis, Zarnie Khadjesari, Matthijs Blankers, Antoni Gual, Heleen Riper e Lodewijk Pas. "e-INEBRIA Special Interest Group Roadmap for Best Practices for Research on Brief Digital Interventions for Problematic Alcohol and Illicit Drug Use". Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, n. 8 (14 agosto 2020): e20368. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/20368.

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There is great potential for scaling up the delivery of brief interventions for alcohol and illicit drug use, given the increasing coverage of mobile devices and technologies for digital interventions, including apps for smartphones and tablets. However, while the number of digital interventions is increasing rapidly, the involvement of brief-intervention researchers and the development of good practices has just begun. In 2018, the Special Interest Group on digital interventions of the International Network on Brief Interventions for Alcohol & Other Drugs (e-INEBRIA SIG) initiated a conversation regarding possible avenues of future research, which subsequently became a roadmap for digital interventions. This roadmap consists of points considered relevant for future research, ongoing technological developments, and their implementation across a continuum of prevention and care. Moreover, it outlines starting points for the diversification of brief digital interventions, as well as next steps for quality improvement and implementation in public health and clinical practice. The roadmap of the e-INEBRIA SIG on digital interventions is a starting point that indicates relevant next steps and provides orientation for researchers and interested practitioners with regard to the ambiguous literature and the complexity of current digital interventions.

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Field, Craig A., e Raul Caetano. "The effectiveness of brief intervention among injured patients with alcohol dependence: Who benefits from brief interventions?" Drug and Alcohol Dependence 111, n. 1-2 (1 settembre 2010): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2009.11.025.

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Randell, Brooke P., Leona L. Eggert e Kenneth C. Pike. "Immediate Post Intervention Effects of Two Brief Youth Suicide Prevention Interventions". Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior 31, n. 1 (marzo 2001): 41–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/suli.31.1.41.21308.

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Thomas, Susan. "Smoking cessation part 1: brief interventions". Nursing Standard 22, n. 4 (3 ottobre 2007): 47–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns2007.10.22.4.47.c4621.

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Sarkar, Siddharth, Ashish Pakhre, Pratima Murthy e Dhrubajyoti Bhuyan. "Brief Interventions for Substance Use Disorders". Indian Journal of Psychiatry 62, n. 8 (2020): 290. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/psychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_778_19.

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Kotecha, Anish. "AKT question relating to brief interventions". InnovAiT: Education and inspiration for general practice 15, n. 4 (30 marzo 2022): e31-e31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17557380221079703f.

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Gilliland, Fiona. "Physiotherapy Health Promotion through Brief Interventions". International Journal of Integrated Care 17, n. 5 (17 ottobre 2017): 411. http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/ijic.3730.

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Hyman, Zena. "Brief interventions for high-risk drinkers". Journal of Clinical Nursing 15, n. 11 (novembre 2006): 1383–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2702.2006.01458.x.

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Parmar, Arpit, e Siddharth Sarkar. "Brief Interventions for Cannabis Use Disorders". Addictive Disorders & Their Treatment 16, n. 2 (giugno 2017): 80–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/adt.0000000000000100.

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Heather, N. "Brief interventions on the world map". Addiction 89, n. 6 (giugno 1994): 665–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.1994.tb00948.x.

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Senior, Emma, e Lynn Craig. "Public health: PART 2 Brief interventions". British Journal of Nursing 28, n. 1 (10 gennaio 2019): 20–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2019.28.1.20.

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Haythornthwaite, Jennifer A., John W. Lawrence e James A. Fauerbach. "Brief cognitive interventions for burn pain". Annals of Behavioral Medicine 23, n. 1 (febbraio 2001): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15324796abm2301_7.

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Barnes, Henrietta N., e Jeffrey H. Samet. "BRIEF INTERVENTIONS WITH SUBSTANCE-ABUSING PATIENTS". Medical Clinics of North America 81, n. 4 (luglio 1997): 867–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0025-7125(05)70553-8.

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Neville, Fergus G., Christine A. Goodall, Damien J. Williams e Peter D. Donnelly. "Violence brief interventions: A rapid review". Aggression and Violent Behavior 19, n. 6 (novembre 2014): 692–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2014.09.015.

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Middel, Berry. "Brief interventions for high-risk drinkers". Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Evidence Based Practice 5, n. 3 (giugno 2007): 64–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03071190.

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Dunn, Chris, e Brian Ostafin. "Brief Interventions for Hospitalized Trauma Patients". Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care 59, Supplement (settembre 2005): S88—S93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ta.0000174682.13138.a3.

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Clossick, Emma, e Sue Woodward. "Alcohol brief interventions in general practice". British Journal of Healthcare Management 20, n. 10 (2 ottobre 2014): 468–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjhc.2014.20.10.468.

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Giges, Burt, e Albert Petitpas. "Brief Contact Interventions in Sport Psychology". Sport Psychologist 14, n. 2 (giugno 2000): 176–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/tsp.14.2.176.

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The sport psychology literature provides many examples of the use of mental skills training with athletes. Little attention, however, has been given to those brief interventions that occur frequently when working with athletes in the field. Such interventions are time limited, action oriented, and present focused. The purpose of this article is to provide a brief overview of the use of brief contact interventions with athletes in field settings. In particular, we provide a short introduction to such interventions, describe a framework for their use, and present several case examples. We believe that brief contact interventions can be made more effective by following the principles described in this article.

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Lesyk, Jack J. "Brief Contact Interventions in Sport Psychology". Sport Psychologist 17, n. 2 (giugno 2003): 246–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/tsp.17.2.246.

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Bruehl, Stephen, Charles R. Carlson e James A. McCubbin. "Two brief interventions for acute pain". Pain 54, n. 1 (luglio 1993): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3959(93)90096-8.

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Naimi, Timothy S., e Thomas B. Cole. "Electronic Alcohol Screening and Brief Interventions". JAMA 311, n. 12 (26 marzo 2014): 1207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2014.2139.

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Winters, Ken C., Holly Waldron, Hyman Hops, Tim Ozechowski e Aleah Montano. "Brief Interventions for Cannabis Using Adolescents". Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America 32, n. 1 (gennaio 2023): 127–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chc.2022.06.004.

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Christl, Bettina, Bibiana Chan, Rachel Laws, Anna Williams, Gawaine Powell Davies, Mark F. Harris e The CN SNAP Trial Research Team. "Clients’ experience of brief lifestyle interventions by community nurses". Australian Journal of Primary Health 18, n. 4 (2012): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py11125.

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Lifestyle modification interventions in primary health care settings are an important means of addressing lifestyle risk factors. An essential factor for the success of lifestyle advice is the client’s acceptance. Lifestyle interventions offered in general practice are well accepted by clients. However, little is known about how lifestyle interventions are accepted if offered by community nurses in the client’s home. This study investigates the experience and perspectives of clients who were offered brief lifestyle interventions from community nurses, based on the 5As model. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 clients who had received brief lifestyle interventions from community nurses as part of a larger intervention trial. All clients perceived the provision of lifestyle interventions to be an appropriate part of the community nurses’ role. The advice and support offered was useful only to some, depending on personal preferences, experiences, perceived lifestyle risk and self-rated health. Offering brief lifestyle interventions did not affect the rapport between client and nurse and this puts community nurses in an ideal place to address lifestyle issues that can sometimes be sensitive. However, client-centredness must be emphasised to improve clients’ uptake of lifestyle advice and support.

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Darnell, Doyanne, Lea Parker, Allison Engstrom, Dylan Fisher, Kaylie Diteman e Christopher Dunn. "Evaluation of a Level I trauma center provider training in patient-centered alcohol brief interventions using the Behavior Change Counseling Index rated by standardized patients". Trauma Surgery & Acute Care Open 4, n. 1 (dicembre 2019): e000370. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tsaco-2019-000370.

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BackgroundTraumatic injury requiring hospitalization is common in the USA and frequently related to alcohol consumption. The American College of Surgeons requires that Level I and II verified trauma centers implement universal alcohol screening and brief intervention for injured patients. We examined whether Level I trauma center provider skill in patient-centered alcohol brief interventions improved after training and whether professional role (eg, nursing, social work) and education were associated with these skills.MethodsWe present evaluation data collected as part of training in alcohol brief interventions embedded within a larger clinical trial of a collaborative care intervention targeting posttraumatic stress disorder and related comorbidities. Sixty-five providers from 25 US Level I trauma centers engaged in a 1-day workshop, with 2 hours dedicated to training in patient-centered alcohol brief interventions followed by 6 months of weekly coaching in a collaborative care model. Providers completed standardized patient role-plays prior to and 6 months after the workshop training. The standardized patient actors rated provider quality of alcohol brief interventions immediately after each role-play using the Behavior Change Counseling Index (BECCI), a pragmatic measure designed to assess the quality of behavior change counseling, an adaptation of motivational interviewing suitable for brief healthcare consultations about behavior change.ResultsSeventy-two percent of providers completed both standardized patient role-play assessments. A statistically significant improvement in overall BECCI scores (t(41)=−2.53, p=0.02, Cohen’s d=−0.39) was observed among those providers with available pre–post data. Provider professional role was associated with BECCI scores at pre-training (F(3, 58)=11.25, p<0.01) and post-training (F(3, 41)=8.10, p<0.01).DiscussionFindings underscore the need for training in patient-centered alcohol brief interventions and suggest that even a modest training helps providers engage in a more patient-centered way during a role-play assessment.Level of evidenceLevel V, therapeutic/care management.

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Brunette, Mary F., Joelle C. Ferron, Susan R. McGurk, Jill M. Williams, Amy Harrington, Timothy Devitt e Haiyi Xie. "Brief, Web-Based Interventions to Motivate Smokers With Schizophrenia: Randomized Trial". JMIR Mental Health 7, n. 2 (8 febbraio 2020): e16524. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/16524.

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Background In-person motivational interventions increase engagement with evidence-based cessation treatments among smokers with schizophrenia, but access to such interventions can be limited because of workforce shortages and competing demands in mental health clinics. The use of digital technology to deliver interventions can increase access, but cognitive impairments in schizophrenia may impede the use of standard digital interventions. We developed an interactive, multimedia, digital motivational decision support system for smokers with schizophrenia (Let’s Talk About Smoking). We also digitalized a standard educational pamphlet from the National Cancer Institute (NCI Education). Both were tailored to reduce cognitive load during use. Objective We conducted a randomized trial of Let’s Talk About Smoking versus NCI Education to test whether the interactive motivational intervention was more effective and more appealing than the static educational intervention for increasing use of smoking cessation treatment, quit attempts, and abstinence among smokers with schizophrenia, accounting for the level of cognitive functioning. Methods Adult smokers with schizophrenia (n=162) were enrolled in the study from 2014 to 2015, randomly assigned to intervention condition, and assessed in person at 3- and 6-month follow-ups. Interventions were delivered on a laptop computer in a single session. All participants had access to standard, community-delivered cessation treatments during follow-up. Multivariate models were used to evaluate outcomes. Results Treatment initiation outcomes were not different between intervention conditions (27/84 [32%] for Let’s Talk About Smoking vs 36/78 [46%] for NCI Education; odds ratio [OR] 0.71 [95% CI 0.37-1.33]); 38.9% (63/162) of participants initiated treatment. Older age (OR 1.03 [95% CI 1.00-1.07]; P=.05), higher education (OR 1.21 [95% CI 1.04-1.41]; P=.03), and fewer positive symptoms (OR 0.87 [95% CI 0.80-0.96]; P=.01) predicted cessation treatment initiation, whereas level of cognition did not. The mean satisfaction and usability index score was higher for Let’s Talk About Smoking versus NCI Education (8.9 [SD 1.3] vs 8.3 [SD 2.1]; t120.7=2.0; P=.045). Quit attempts (25/84, 30% vs 36/78, 46%; estimate [Est]=−0.093, SE 0.48; P=.85) and abstinence (1/84, 1% vs 6/78, 7%; χ21=3.4; P=.07) were not significantly different between intervention conditions. Cognitive functioning at baseline (Est=1.47, SE 0.47; P=.002) and use of any behavioral or medication cessation treatment (Est=1.43, SE 0.47; P=.003) predicted quit attempts with self-reported abstinence over the 6-month follow-up. Conclusions The interactive, multimedia intervention was not more effective than the static, text-based intervention among smokers with schizophrenia. Both tailored digital interventions resulted in levels of treatment engagement and quit attempts that were similar to findings from previous studies of in-person interventions, confirming the potential role of digital interventions to educate and motivate smokers with schizophrenia to use cessation treatment and to quit smoking. These findings indicate that additional cessation treatment is needed after brief education or motivational interventions, and that cessation treatment should be adjusted for people with cognitive impairment. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02086162; https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT02086162.

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Newbury-Birch, Dorothy, Ruth McGovern, Jennifer Birch, Gillian O'Neill, Hannah Kaner, Arun Sondhi e Kieran Lynch. "A rapid systematic review of what we know about alcohol use disorders and brief interventions in the criminal justice system". International Journal of Prisoner Health 12, n. 1 (14 marzo 2016): 57–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijph-08-2015-0024.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to review the evidence of alcohol use disorders within the different stages of the criminal justice system in the UK. Furthermore it reviewed the worldwide evidence of alcohol brief interventions in the various stages of the criminal justice system. Design/methodology/approach – A rapid systematic review of publications was conducted from the year 2000 to 2014 regarding the prevalence of alcohol use disorders in the various stages of the criminal justice system. The second part of the work was a rapid review of effectiveness studies of interventions for alcohol brief interventions. Studies were included if they had a comparison group. Worldwide evidence was included that consisted of up to three hours of face-to-face brief intervention either in one session or numerous sessions. Findings – This review found that 64-88 per cent of adults in the police custody setting; 95 per cent in the magistrate court setting; 53-69 per cent in the probation setting and 5,913-863 per cent in the prison system and 64 per cent of young people in the criminal justice system in the UK scored positive for an alcohol use disorder. There is very little evidence of effectiveness of brief interventions in the various stages of the criminal justice system mainly due to the lack of follow-up data. Social implications – Brief alcohol interventions have a large and robust evidence base for reducing alcohol use in risky drinkers, particularly in primary care settings. However, there is little evidence of effect upon drinking levels in criminal justice settings. Whilst the approach shows promise with some effects being shown on alcohol-related harm as well as with young people in the USA, more robust research is needed to ascertain effectiveness of alcohol brief interventions in this setting. Originality/value – This paper provides evidence of alcohol use disorders in the different stages of the criminal justice system in the UK using a validated tool as well as reviewing the worldwide evidence for short ( < three hours) alcohol brief intervention in this setting.

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Cunningham, Frances C., Majella G. Murphy, Grace Ward, Royden Fagan, Brian Arley e Peter H. d’Abbs. "Evaluation of the B.strong Queensland Indigenous Health Worker Brief Intervention Training Program for Multiple Health Risk Behaviours". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, n. 8 (16 aprile 2021): 4220. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084220.

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Queensland’s B.strong brief intervention training program was a complex intervention developed for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health workers to assist clients address multiple health risks of smoking, poor nutrition and physical inactivity. This study evaluates program effectiveness by applying the Kirkpatrick four-level evaluation model: (1) Reaction, participants’ satisfaction; (2) Learning, changes in participants’ knowledge, confidence, attitudes, skills and usual practice; (3) Behaviour, application of learning to practice; and (4) Results, outcomes resulting from training. A retrospective analysis was conducted on data for respondents completing pre-training, post-workshop and follow-up surveys. Changes in domains such as training participant knowledge, confidence, attitudes, and practices between survey times were assessed using paired-samples t-tests. From 2017–2019, B.strong trained 1150 health professionals, reaching targets for workshop and online training. Findings showed statistically significant improvements from baseline to follow-up in: participants’ knowledge, confidence, and some attitudes to conducting brief interventions in each domain of smoking cessation, nutrition and physical activity; and in the frequency of participants providing client brief interventions in each of the three domains. There was a statistically significant improvement in frequency of participants providing brief interventions for multiple health behaviours at the same time from pre-workshop to follow-up. Indigenous Queenslander telephone counselling referrals for smoking cessation increased during the program period. B.strong improved practitioners’ capacity to deliver brief interventions addressing multiple health risks with Indigenous clients.

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