Tesi sul tema "Brain irradiation"
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Madhoo, Jitesh. "Continuous low dose rate irradiation of the rat brain". Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26785.
Testo completoWedlock, Pauline Margaret. "Behavioural effects of low intensity laser irradiation of the rodent brain". Thesis, University of Ulster, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339311.
Testo completoLee, Won Hee. "Molecular mechanisms of radiation-induced brain injury". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77254.
Testo completoPh. D.
Pike, G. Bruce (Gilbert Bruce). "Three dimensional stereotaxic intracavitary and external beam isodose calculation for treatment of brain lesions". Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=65439.
Testo completoPontén, Emeli. "Astrocyte response after irradiation of the juvenile brain : -‐ a study on C57BL/6 strain mice (p21)". Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-55163.
Testo completoKasahara, Seiko. "Hyperintense dentate nucleus on unenhanced T1-weighted MR images is associated with a history of brain irradiation". Kyoto University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/151912.
Testo completoSpoudeas, Helen Alexandra. "The evolution of growth hormone neurosecretory disturbance during high dose cranial irradiation and chemotherapy for childhood brain tumours". Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261873.
Testo completoPham, Thao Nguyen. "Biοmathematical insights intο radiatiοn-induced systemic immune effects in brain and head & neck cancer using preclinical and clinical mοdels". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMC407.
Testo completoRadiotherapy, while effective against tumors, can disturb the immune system and cause lymphopenia, which negatively impacts patient outcomes. Beyond lymphopenia, leukocyte subpopulations of lymphoid and myeloid lineages also have a significant impact on antitumor immune response. More targeted radiation therapies like proton therapy offer promise in reducing lymphopenia. We investigated the impact of brain irradiation on the immune system using biomathematical modeling. Data from various published sources, i.e., clinical trials in humans, animal studies and in vitro data, were used to build the models. A quantitative link between low lymphocyte count and poor patient survival was confirmed using the linear-quadratic model. Modelling accuracy was improved by integrating saturation effects on lymphocyte radiosensitivity (as conceptualized by a new “saturation model” of our own). Modeling based on mice data showed that X-ray therapy significantly reduced lymphocyte counts of multiple subpopulations and induced persistent inflammation while proton therapy had minimal impact on lymphocyte subpopulations, mostly by its ballistic sparing of cervical lymph nodes. Non-linear mixed-effect modeling also showed that while both B and T-lymphocytes recovered after X-ray-induced depletion, tumors could significantly delay B-cell recovery and reduce circulating T cell counts in mice. Additionally, data from a clinical trial in humans suggested that therapeutic radiation doses to lymph nodes significantly affected circulating lymphocyte counts, regardless of the dose to the blood. These findings highlight the importance of considering blood but also lymph node irradiation for preserving the circulating immune cells during and after radiotherapy
Martigne, Patrick. "Neuropathologie radio-induite : des effets précoces aux séquelles tardives : études comportementales et métaboliques chez le rat après irradiation globale sublétale". Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENS012.
Testo completoThe radioresistance dogma of Central Nervous System (CNS) is now obsolete. Recent progress in neuroscience allow us to reconsider the radiation-induced cognitive dysfunctions observed after radiation therapy or after a nuclear accident, and to devise appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic means. We have developed a Rat model to study the effects of total body irradiation at a sublethal dose (4. 5 Gy). This leads to impaired learning and memory of a task being acquired during the first month – which is prevented by administration of a radioprotector (amifostine) – while it does not appear to affect retrograde memory. Early, an apoptotic wave occurs in the sub-ventricular zone, 5 to 9 hours after exposure, while neurogenesis is suppressed. Two days after irradiation, the metabolic study conducted by NMR HRMAS (High Resolution Magic Angle Spinning) suggests the presence of cerebral oedema and the study of brain lipids in liquid NMR confirms the membrane damages (elevated cholesterol and phospholipids). The lipid profile is then normalized while a gliosis appears. Finally, 1 month post-irradiation, the elevation of GABA, an inhibitory neurotransmitter, in 2 separate brain structures, occurs simultaneously with a taurine decrease in the hippocampus that lasts 6 months. Our integrated model allows validating biomarkers measurable in vivo NMR spectroscopy – the next experimental stage – and testing new radiation-protective agents
Dwiri, Fatima azzahra. "Impacts de l'irradiation ciblée sur le tissu cérébral et les déficits cognitifs : études multiparamétriques et longitudinales chez le rat". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023NORMC411.
Testo completoAlthough radiotherapy, an essential treatment in neuro-oncology, improves the survival of patients, it significantly affects the surrounding healthy brain tissue, leading to cognitive deficits found in 50 to 90% of patients. Technological advancements made in the last decade have allowed the development of new irradiation techniques with promising ballistic properties. However, their potential for preventing cerebral radiotoxicity remains to be demonstrated, relying mainly on preclinical research, for which the use of these radiotherapy techniques is currently fragmented. The objective of this thesis work was to characterize the effects of targeted brain irradiation on tissue integrity and cognitive deficits in healthy adult rats and rats bearing brain tumor. This characterization was done through multiparametric imaging using MRI, various behavioral tests, as well as immunohistological analyses. Furthermore, a longitudinal approach was employed, with the animals being monitored up to 6 months after irradiation. Collectively, our data demonstrate, as expected and in accordance with the literature, that whole-brain irradiation leads to deficits in learning, memory, and emotion processes, both during acute and chronic phases. Similarly, this irradiation paradigm is associated with alterations in brain tissue. However, somewhat surprisingly compared to our initial hypothesis, irradiation of a single hemisphere did not significantly modify the evaluated cognitive performances or compromise tissue integrity. In the brain tumor model, cognitive deficits were observed following whole-brain irradiation, which were also present with hemispheric irradiation but with lesser effects. Unfortunately, due to low sample sizes within the experimental groups, it is difficult to conclude whether the observed radio-induced cognitive deficits are exacerbated in the presence of a tumor
Evans, Teresa Ann. "In Vivo Observations of Resident Microglia and Blood Derived Macrophages in the Brain and Spinal Cord". Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1396399768.
Testo completoPouthier, Thomas. "Mise en évidence de cassures double brin de l'ADN induites par irradiation de kératinocytes humains en microfaisceau alpha". Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00353412.
Testo completoDans ce contexte, un microfaisceau de particules a été développé au CENBG pour réaliser des irradiations ciblées à l'échelle sub-cellulaire avec une précision de quelques micromètres. Il est ainsi possible de contrôler le nombre exact de particules délivrées par cellule (jusqu'à la dose ultime d'un ion par cellule), de prédéterminer avec précision le point d'impact et d'irradier certaines cellules tout en vérifiant la réponse de cellules voisines.
La validation de ce dispositif a été réalisée au cours de ce travail de thèse, sur des kératinocytes humains exprimant une protéine recombinante nucléaire fluorescente (histone H2B-GFP) en mettant en évidence des dommages nucléaires radio-induits spécifiques et dose-dépendant. La combinaison de techniques telles que le microfaisceau d'ions, la microscopie confocale et l'analyse quantitative numérique a permis de mesurer, in situ et à l'échelle de la cellule unique, la cinétique de phosphorylation de la protéine histone H2A.X et d'aborder ainsi l'étude des processus de réparation de l'ADN et d'induction de l'apoptose. Les résultats expérimentaux ont validé la méthodologie développée en démontrant la reproductibilité du tir et le contrôle de la dose grâce à la mise en évidence d'une relation dose-effet qui a été également étudiée en fonction du temps.
Meylan, Sylvain. "Développement d'un outil de simulation multi-échelle adapté au calcul des dommages radio-induits précoces dans des cellules exposées à des irradiations d'ions légers (proton et alpha)". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0184/document.
Testo completoThis work was performed in the frame of the ROSIRIS (IRSN) and Geant4-DNA research projects and describes the development of a simulation tool to compute radioinduced early DNA damages in a cell nucleus. The modeling tool is based on a modified version of the Monte Carlo code Geant4-DNA and is able to simulate the physical interactions between ionizing particles and the biological target (physical stage), the creation of chemical species within the cell nucleus (physico-chemical stage) as well as the reactions and diffusion processes of these chemical species (chemical stage). During all the simulation, a geometrical model that describes the DNA content of a human diploid cell nucleus is taken into account. This model was generated with a new software (DnaFabric) developed in the frame of this work and has a molecular level of detail.The first results (in term of DNA strand breaks) obtained with this tool are detailed and compared with experimental data from the literature. The good agreement between the simulation results and those data shows the coherence of our modeling. The significant influence of the selection criteria used to identify the DNA damages is also demonstrated
Colin, Catherine. "Effets radiobiologiques des irradiations mammographiques sur l'épithélium mammaire : cassures double-brin de l'ADN, interactions avec les prédispositions génétiques au cancer du sein et impacts sur les modalités de dépistages". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10063.
Testo completoThe potential risk of cancer induced by radiation mammography is a major public health issue, medical and scientific interest. The purpose of this study was to quantify the double-strand break (DSB) DNA in exact terms of mammographic radiation. This quantification was performed on untransformed mammary epithelial cells from ultrasound-guided biopsies in healthy tissue using fluorescent protein phosphorylated histone H2AX (γH2AX) before, 10 min and 24 h after irradiation. Two patient populations were included in the study : 19 with no family history of breast cancer and/or ovarian cancer (low risk, LR) and 11 high-risk identified by the geneticist with or without mutation (high risk, HR). Indeed, mutated tumor suppressor genes (BRCA1, BRCA2, CHK2, ATM, p53, PTEN) are also involved in signaling and/or repair of DSBs. Spontaneously, patients showed significantly higher HR of DSBs that spontaneous LR. Three major radiobiological effects were highlighted : 1) A dose low effect, higher in HR; 2) A significant increase in the number of γH2AX foci from 10 min to 24 h after irradiation; 3) An effect of repeated doses more pronounced in HR. These findings should lead to re-evaluate mammographics procedures in screnning in populations where the benefit in term of mortality has not been proved, as women with high familial risk, in the age of group of 40-49 years, and in women treated with chest radiation for childhood, adolescent, or young adult cancer. A single mammographic view could be indicated. Further works assessing the possible carcinogenesis effects of mammographic irradiations will be necessary
WEN, CHENG-CHIEH, e 文正傑. "The Effect of Exercise on Cognitive Deficits Induced by Whole Brain Irradiation". Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/jk3pc4.
Testo completo慈濟科技大學
放射醫學科學研究所
107
Radiation therapy is a common and important therapeutic way for brain tumor. However, cranial irradiation also has some side effects, including the cognition dysfunction, memory loss and decrease of learning, and these side effects cause the reduction of life quality. Some studies have investigated how to improve these declines. In animal studies, researchers have tried to use the drugs, stem cells and even exercises. For example, using the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonists or selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor (NS-398) enabled to reduce the inflammation in brain after whole brain irradiation (WBI) in animals. Transplantation of neural stem cells enhanced the hippocampal neurogenesis and this attenuated the damages induced by WBI. These treatments also improved the cognition dysfunction. Furthermore, some animal studies have shown that exercise enabled to enhance the hippocampal neurogenesis, neuroaxonal plasticity and neuronal survivals. In the present study, young adult male mice were used and forced to run in the treadmill for 60 min per day, five days a week, for four weeks. In one week before WBI, one week and eight weeks after exercise, animals were examined by the behavioral tests, including the locomotion, elevated plus maze, tail suspension and novel object recognition tests. Animals were sacrificed one or eight weeks after exercise to examine inflammation- and neurogenesis-related factors in brain regions. These included brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF, phospho-AKT (p-AKT), interleukin-6 (IL6) and phospho-cAMP response element binding protein (p-CREB) examined by western blotting, and cycloxygenase 2 (COX-2), AKT and inducible nitric oxidase were examined by quantitative PCR. From the results of in the dose response test at the 6th week after the WBI, the cognitive damages were increased with the increase of the dose, and the exercise improved the cognitive damages through the novel object recognition examination 13 weeks after WBI showed that the improvement of cognition by exercise was decreased. The results in of the hot plate test for cognition showed that exercise had the benefitical effects The results in tail suspension test showed that mice displayed depression-like responses in the13th week after 10 Gy radiations and exercised enabled to decrease this response. The results in elevated plus maze test showed that mice with exercise decraesed the trends of anxious-like responses than mice with sedation. In protein levels, WBI decraesd the BDNF protein expressions and exercise increased the BDNF ones. Interestingly, WBI increased the pAKT protein levels and exercise enhanced this increase. The p-CREB levels had the similar finding as the p-AKT ones. In the IL6, WBI incerased the levels of IL6, but exercise also increased those. Exercise decreased the COX2 mRNA expressions in the 10 Gy radiations, but stopping exercise lost the effects. iNOS mRNA expressions were similar to the COX, but stopping exercise had the decreasing effects. From these findings, this study concludes that exercise had the benefitical effects in the coginitve impairment and emotional disruption induced by WBI. This study might provide the direct and important infomation for the benefits of exercise in the patients for receiving the radiation therapy.
McLaughlin, Nancy. "Brain tumor and brain endothelial cells' response to ionizing radiation and phytochemical treatments". Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/2844.
Testo completoGlioblastoma multiform (GBM) represents the most aggressive and vascularised primary cerebral neoplasm in adults. Median length of survival without further therapy is usually less than one year from the time of diagnosis. Unfortunately, 90% of patients receiving radiotherapy following GBM resection develop a tumor recurrence. More recently, treatment of GBM with combined radiotherapy and temozolomide, an agent recognized for its antiangiogenic activity, increased the median survival to 14,6 months. Efforts have been oriented towards identifying naturally occurring substances capable of inhibiting, delaying or reversing the multi-stage carcinogenesis process. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a green tea polyphenol, has been recognized for its anticancerous and antiangiogenic property. EGCG may represent a potential agent capable of sensitizing brain tumor cells and their derived endothelial cells (ECs) to conventional treatments. In chapter II, the first part of this doctorate project aimed at determining if EGCG, in synergy with radiotherapy, can sensitize GBM’s response to radiation and whether specific molecular markers are involved. We documented that U-87 cells were relatively radioresistant and that Survivin, an inhibitor of apoptosis protein, may be involved in GBM’s radioresistance. We also found that pre-treatment of U-87 cells with EGCG could overcome the cytoprotective effect of Survivin overexpression and potentiate the cytoreductive effect of irradiation (IR). In chapter III, we characterized the impact of IR on human brain microvascular endothelial cell (HBMEC) survival and determined whether EGCG, could optimize this effect. We found that although EGCG treatment and IR individually decreased HBMEC survival, the combined treatment synergistically reduced survival. We documented that the combined treatment increased cell death, more specifically necrosis. In chapter IV, we investigated the impact of IR exposure on the angiogenic functions i.e. cell proliferation, cell migration in response to brain tumor-derived growth factors, and capacity for tubulogenesis of surviving human brain tumor-derived ECs. The Rho signalling pathway was also investigated in relation to the functional properties of radioresistant HBMEC. Our data suggests that IR significantly alters radioresistant HBMEC migration response to tumor-secreted growth factors and tubulogenesis. Response to growth factors important for tumor expansion and angiogenesis is significantly attenuated in these cells. In conclusion, this doctorate project confirmed IR’s cytoreductive properties on malignant gliomas. We proposed a novel mechanism to explain GBMs’ radioresistance. This project documented for the first time IR’s cytotoxic effect in HBMEC. It also described the existence of radioresistant HBMEC and characterized their altered angiogenic functions. The combination of natural anticancerous and antiangiogenic molecules such as EGCG with radiotherapy could improve IR’s effect on human malignant glioma cells and microvascular ECs, especially through increased necrosis of HBMEC. The thesis supports integrating nutrients bearing anticancerous and antiangiogenic properties, such as EGCG, in the management of gliomas to sensitize tumor and tumor-associated ECs to conventional therapies.
Wang, Hong-Jyun, e 王鴻鈞. "Rapid in situ gelation by blue light-irradiation for combination therapy in brain tumor". Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/c4ab78.
Testo completo國立中山大學
醫學科技研究所
107
About 40,000 people are diagnosed with primary brain tumors in the United States each year, an estimated 15,000 have glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), still associated with poor prognosis with 14.6 months of median survival after surgical resection combined with chemotherapy and radiation. Preventing tumor from post-surgical recurrence is a significant clinical challenge since current methods deliver chemotherapeutic agents in a rapid manner and are not effective against the residual tumor cells, such as Gliadel® . To overcome this drawback, we develop a blue light-crosslinking hydrogel which can be rapidly gelled in situ and tightly adhere on the tissues for controlled chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and enhanced laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) to inhibit residual tumor cells from post-surgical recurrence. The principle goals are to i) determine the prevailing factors that affect efficient encapsulation of chemotherapeutic drugs (i.e., Epirubicin) and radio-sensitizer (i.e., Cisplatin) within hydrogels, ii) demonstrate efficiency of gelation, LITT enhancement, in vitro drug release, iii) evaluate the efficiency in human cancer cells and in vivo tumor model. Thus, we used gelatin, a highly biocompatible material which derived from collagen, as hydrogel scaffold to encapsulate small molecule drug (Epirubicin and Cisplatin). Our results have demonstrated that this multi-treatment system can effectively prevent tumor recurrence and significantly prolong the medium survival of gliosarcoma-bearing (MBR-614 or U87-MGFL) mice to above 65 days compared with the control group (36 days). We believe this synergistic strategy presents a new approach to the development of a local drug delivery system for the prevention of brain tumor recurrence.
HE, ZHI-JUN, e 何治軍. "Studies on the mechanism of fractionated irradiation by using the model of multicell brain tumor spheroids". Thesis, 1991. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/64468549388650059084.
Testo completoLee, Cheng-Chun, e 李承駿. "Study on Radiotherapy Patients who have Visual Sensations During Brain and Head and Neck Cancer Irradiation". Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/75805304507518458283.
Testo completo元培醫事科技大學
醫學影像暨放射技術系碩士在職專班
105
Study on radiotherapy patients who have visual sensations during brain and head and neck cancer irradiation Student:Cheng-Chun Li Advisor : Jao-Perng Lin, Ph. D. Co-advisor : Yi-Wei Chen, M.D., Ph. D. Medical Imaging and Radiological Technology Yuanpei University of Medical Technology Abstract During the period of my career, some patients who have had radiotherapy responded that they felt light flashes. No clearly reasons to tell patients who had the same question at this stage. Treatment caused the fear at the begining, plus the flash effect the patient's inner fear even more. The possible reasons and the mechanism of why radiotherapy patients described flash feelings when they had head and brain irradiation is the purpose of this study, and we also try to find out the correlation between flash and treatment through analysis to clarify whether it is a phosphenes phenomenon. Or give a better explanation to patients in order to improve the clinical relationship. From November 2016 to March 2017, total 73 patients who underwent head or brain radiotherapy were recruited for this study, and exclude 23 subjects who did not fulfill the acceptance criteria. They all received 6MV or 10MV X-ray irradiation,or 6MeV electron beam irradiation.The radiation dose rate was set at the output range of 400-1600MU/min. All subjects received questionnaire interviews, and treatment planning was all retrospectively reviewed. Possible study bias cases were excluded, including diabetes mellitus, mental uncooperative patients etc. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS software (22th edition). Among these fifty study patients, including brain tumors and head-neck cancers patients, 30 of them are brain tumor patients, 20 patients have head-neck cancers, in the conversion dose and control conditions (brain tumor in 16 cases, head-neck cancers in 9 cases), the other group was not visual perception of the control group (brain tumor in 14 cases, 11 cases of head and neck cancer).There are visual receptors in the course of treatment will appear flash and other phenomenon, the control groups is the opposite. The statistical unit of the sample is based on the treatment of non-human units, visual sensations existed only in 75 out of total 190 irradiation portals (39.47%). Statistical significance (multi-variate analysis) were observed age, beam to visual pathway (p<0.001), single fraction retina dose (p<0.05). Possible causes of visual sensations during head or brain irradiation are very complicated. The possible variables due to age, output radiation dose, exposure position and other factors. Whether there is a threshold dose, will be the direction of future research. Key Words: Light flashes(LF), Phosphenes, Dose, Brain tumors, Head and neck cancers, Visual sensations(VSs)
Schlevogt, Bernhard Martin. "Untersuchungen zur Rekrutierung myeloischer Zellen in einem Tiermodell der Alzheimerschen Erkrankung". Doctoral thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0006-B2C8-5.
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