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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Brain damage - Social aspects"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 19 febbraio 2022

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Brain damage - Social aspects"

1

Ziablitsev, S. V., T. I. Panova, S. V. Kolesnikova e O. V. Nahornyi. "BRAIN INJURY: MEDICO-SOCIAL AND SCIENTIFIC ASPECTS. Review". Medical Science of Ukraine (MSU) 16, n. 1 (28 febbraio 2020): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.32345/2664-4738.1.2020.09.

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The review provides up-to-date data on the medico-social significance and scientific aspects of traumatic brain injury (TBI), in particular, the processes of neuroinflammation and the development of autoimmune reactions. According to the results of the analysis of open literature (PumMed database), it is established that among persons of working age, TBI holds the first place in the mortality structure, which is 2-3 times higher in Ukraine than similar indicators of economically developed countries. Each year, TBI costs the world economy about $ 400 billion, which is 0.5% of the gross world product. From a scientific point of view, TBI can be regarded as a continuous, possibly lifelong, process that affects multiple organ systems and can be a cause of traumatic disease. The main pathogenetic mechanisms of TBI that successively change each other (necrosis, axonal damage, gliosis/microgliosis, apoptosis, demyelinization and neuroregeneration) are highlighted.

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2

Nazarko, Linda. "Alcohol-related brain damage: diagnosis, treatment and medical management". British Journal of Neuroscience Nursing 16, n. 1 (2 febbraio 2020): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjnn.2020.16.1.36.

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Alcohol misuse is often a hidden problem and alcohol-related brain damage is thought to account for around 10% of cases of dementia ( Gupta and Warner, 2008 ; Brust, 2010 ). In England, an estimated 589 101 adults are alcohol-dependent and 24% of adults in England and Scotland regularly drink more than Department of Health and Social Care (DHSC) guidelines ( Burton et al, 2016 ). Alcohol misuse can affect many aspects of health and can lead to alcohol-related brain damage (ARBD). This article explains about the pathophysiology and clinical features of ARBD, and how it is diagnosed, treated and managed.

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Valenzano, Anna, Alessia Scarinci, Vincenzo Monda, Francesco Sessa, Antonietta Messina, Marcellino Monda, Francesco Precenzano et al. "The Social Brain and Emotional Contagion: COVID-19 Effects". Medicina 56, n. 12 (25 novembre 2020): 640. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina56120640.

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Background and objectives: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious infectious disease, responsible for a global pandemic that began in January 2020. Human/COVID-19 interactions cause different outcomes ranging from minor health consequences to death. Since social interaction is the default mode by which individuals communicate with their surroundings, different modes of contagion can play a role in determining the long-term consequences for mental health and emotional well-being. We examined some basic aspects of human social interaction, emphasizing some particular features of the emotional contagion. Moreover, we analyzed the main report that described brain damage related to the COVID-19 infection. Indeed, the goal of this review is to suggest a possible explanation for the relationships among emotionally impaired people, brain damage, and COVID-19 infection. Results: COVID-19 can cause several significant neurological disorders and the pandemic has been linked to a rise in people reporting mental health problems, such as depression and anxiety. Neurocognitive symptoms associated with COVID-19 include delirium, both acute and chronic attention and memory impairment related to hippocampal and cortical damage, as well as learning deficits in both adults and children. Conclusions: Although our knowledge on the biology and long-term clinical outcomes of the COVID-19 infection is largely limited, approaching the pandemic based on lessons learnt from previous outbreaks of infectious diseases and the biology of other coronaviruses will provide a suitable pathway for developing public mental health strategies, which could be positively translated into therapeutic approaches, attempting to improve stress coping responses, thus contributing to alleviate the burden driven by the pandemic.

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Nazarko, Linda. "Dementia 5. Alcohol-related brain damage (ARBD): diagnosis, treatment and medical management". British Journal of Healthcare Assistants 13, n. 12 (2 dicembre 2019): 600–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjha.2019.13.12.600.

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Alcohol misuse is often a hidden problem and alcohol-related brain damage is thought to account for around 10% of cases of dementia ( Brust, 2010 ; Gupta and Warner, 2008 ). In England, an estimated 589 101 adults are alcohol-dependent and 24% of adults in England and Scotland regularly drink more than Department of Health and Social Care (DHSC) guidelines ( Burton et al, 2016 ). Alcohol misuse can affect many aspects of health and can lead to alcohol-related brain damage (ARBD). This article, the fifth in a series on dementia, explains about the pathophysiology and clinical features of ARBD, and how it is diagnosed, treated and managed.

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5

Gandolfini, Massimo. "Physiopathology of coma and the vegetative state. Scientific aspects and bioethical choices". SALUTE E SOCIETÀ, n. 1 (aprile 2011): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/ses2011-001006en.

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Applying the technology of neuroimaging to patients in PVS we must to review radically our knowledge of the concept of "absence of consciousness" as the result of total damage to the function of the cerebral cortex. Neuroimaging has demonstred the existence of cortical areas able to manifest definite and definible fragments of cerebral activity in a severely damaged brain, which is said to be "unconscious". Today, it is not possible to talk more of the "absence of consciousness", but rather of the "submerged consciousness". This must lead to a very prudent attitude to avoid considering PVS as an irreversible and/or terminal state, for which it is useless investing scientific and social resources. The drift towards abandonment, or whorse, euthanasia - invoked by certain ideologies founded on the "quality of life" and on "a life not worth living" is more antiscientific than it has ever been. No pathology, including PVS, is defeated or resolved by abandoning or suppressing those who are their innocent victims.

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Leyva, Arturo. "Ethical aspects of organized contact sports for children as participants". International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 7, n. 8 (22 luglio 2020): 1823. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20203047.

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This paper seeks to review the literature and address ethical implications of organized contact sports, such as American football and boxing, with significant child or adolescent participation. Child and adolescent sport participation act not only as a leisure activity, but also improves physical health and enhances psychological and social health outcomes. However, playing sports may also have negative physiological effects, such as sports-related concussions (SRCs) - a form of traumatic brain injury (TBI) - which are an emerging public health concern. This paper review and explores ethical implications of contact sports in the scientific literature and demonstrates challenged faced on philosophical deliberation on the ethical implications of SRCs and RHIs due to complexities of these conditions and their identification and treatment involving a wide variety of practical situations, which formal sports rules may not adequately address. Since scholarly literature has yet to arrive at a consensus concerning causal link(s) between contact sports participation and significant concussion-related brain damage, the paper argues in favor of strengthening concussion preventive measures, identification protocols and management procedures in contact sports. This article rejects ethical paternalism on the basis of inconclusive empirical evidence concerning associations between contact sports participation and heightened SRC risk. It also rejects Mill’s argumentation against consensualism and suggests prevention is a better solution over inadequately founded philosophical ethical proposals favoring drastically reforming contact sports.

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Meier, Lukas J. "Are the irreversibly comatose still here? The destruction of brains and the persistence of persons". Journal of Medical Ethics 46, n. 2 (30 ottobre 2019): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2019-105618.

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When an individual is comatose while parts of her brain remain functional, the question arises as to whether any mental characteristics are still associated with this brain, that is, whether the person still exists. Settling this uncertainty requires that one becomes clear about two issues: the type of functional loss that is associated with the respective profile of brain damage and the persistence conditions of persons. Medical case studies can answer the former question, but they are not concerned with the latter. Conversely, in the philosophical literature, various accounts of personal identity are discussed, but usually detached from any empirical basis. Only uniting the two debates and interpreting the real-life configurations of brain damage through the lens of the philosophical concepts enables one to make an informed judgment regarding the persistence of comatose persons. Especially challenging are cases in which three mental characteristics that normally occur together—wakefulness, awareness and memory storage—come apart. These shall be the focus of this paper.

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Karafin, Matthew S., Daniel Tranel e Ralph Adolphs. "Dominance Attributions Following Damage to the Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex". Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 16, n. 10 (dicembre 2004): 1796–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/0898929042947856.

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Damage to the human ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VM) can result in dramatic and maladaptive changes in social behavior despite preservation of most other cognitive abilities. One important aspect of social cognition is the ability to detect social dominance, a process of attributing from particular social signals another person's relative standing in the social world. To test the role of the VM in making attributions of social dominance, we designed two experiments: one requiring dominance judgments from static pictures of faces, the second requiring dominance judgments from film clips. We tested three demographically matched groups of subjects: subjects with focal lesions in the VM (n = 15), brain-damaged comparison subjects with lesions excluding the VM (n = 11), and a reference group of normal individuals with no history of neurological disease (n = 32). Contrary to our expectation, we found that subjects with VM lesions gave dominance judgments on both tasks that did not differ significantly from those given by the other groups. Despite their grossly normal performance, however, subjects with VM lesions showed more subtle impairments specifically when judging static faces: They were less discriminative in their dominance judgments, and did not appear to make normal use of gender and age of the faces in forming their judgments. The findings suggest that, in the laboratory tasks we used, damage to the VM does not necessarily impair judgments of social dominance, although it appears to result in alterations in strategy that might translate into behavioral impairments in real life.

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Dobrynina, L. A., M. R. Zabitova, L. A. Kalashnikova, E. V. Gnedovskaya e M. A. Piradov. "Hypertension and Cerebral Microangiopathy (Cerebral Small Vessel Disease): Genetic and Epigenetic Aspects of Their Relationship". Acta Naturae 10, n. 2 (15 giugno 2018): 4–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.32607/20758251-2018-10-2-4-15.

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Hypertension (HT) and its cerebral complications are extremely vexing medical and social problems. Despite the obvious association between hypertension and the clinical and neuroimaging features of cerebral microangiopathy (CMA) (also known as cerebral small vessel disease), the causal links between them remain ambiguous. Besides, antihypertensive therapy as the only way to manage these patients does not always prevent brain damage. Knowledge about the key factors and mechanisms involved in HT and CMA development is important for predicting the risk of cerebral complications and developing new approaches to their prevention and treatment. At present, genome-wide association studies and other approaches are used to investigate the common hereditary mechanisms of HT and CMA development, which will explain a large number of CMA cases not associated with hypertension, lack of a correlation between HT severity and the degree of cerebral injury, and failure of antihypertensive therapy to prevent CMA progression. Epigenetic markers likely play a modulating role in the development of these diseases.

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Immordino-Yang, Mary Helen, e Antonio Damasio. "We Feel, Therefore We Learn: The Relevance of Affective and Social Neuroscience to Education". LEARNing Landscapes 5, n. 1 (1 maggio 2011): 115–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.36510/learnland.v5i1.535.

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Recent advances in neuroscience are highlighting connections between emotion, social functioning, and decision making that have the potential to revolutionize our understanding of the role of affect in education. In particular, the neurobiological evidence suggests that the aspects of cognition that we recruit most heavily in schools, namely learning, attention, memory, decision making, and social functioning, are both profoundly affected by and subsumed within the processes of emotion; we call these aspects emotional thought. Moreover, the evidence from brain-damaged patients suggests the hypothesis that emotion-related processes are required for skills and knowledge to be transferred from the structured school environment to real-world decision making because they provide an emotional rudder to guide judgment and action. Taken together, the evidence we present sketches an account of the neurobiological underpinnings of morality, creativity, and culture, all topics of critical importance to education. Our hope is that a better understanding of the neurobiological relationships between these constructs will provide a new basis for innovation in the design of learning environments.

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Tesi sul tema "Brain damage - Social aspects"

1

Kastuk, Donald John. "Social skills training for the traumatic brain injured". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0002/NQ43434.pdf.

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Crawford, Maria Anne, e n/a. "Speed of retrieval after traumatic brain injury". University of Otago. Department of Psychology, 2005. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20060830.115029.

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Although it is well established that persons with traumatic brain injury (TBI) experience word retrieval difficulties, the underlying cause of these deficits is not known. Difficulties with word retrieval have negative social implications as they can impact on the ability to converse with others. The overarching goal of this dissertation was to determine the underlying cause of problems with word retrieval after TBI. To test word retrieval in this dissertation, participants were given a series of word fluency tasks and the speed of word generation was measured. In addition to measuring interresponse times, procedures used by Rohrer, Wixted, Salmon and Butters (1995) were also followed. This involved the calculation of parameter estimates to investigate whether slowed retrieval or degraded semantic stores were responsible for the patients� word retrieval difficulties. One parameter (N) was a measure of the total number of retrievable words and the second parameter (tau) was an estimate of mean latency. Study 1 was designed to trial the procedure and equipment adopted throughout this dissertation to analyse speech. University students were presented with categories on a computer screen and asked to generate as many exemplars as possible in 60 seconds. A PowerLab Chart sound system was used to measure the time that each word was generated. The results of Study 1 showed that the methodology of previous research could be replicated using the PowerLab Chart sound system. In Study 2, persons with postconcussion syndrome (PCS) and matched controls were given two word fluency tasks. Results showed that on both tasks patients recalled fewer words, had longer pauses between words, and took significantly longer to generate their first word than controls. Also, patients had a significantly reduced N relative to controls, but there was no difference in tau between patients and controls. Given that the participants had not finished responding and that parameter estimates require responses to be exhausted, Study 3 was designed to replicate the findings of Study 2 using an extended recall period. In Study 3, patients with PCS and matched controls completed a series of word fluency tasks and were given extended periods of time to generate words. Results showed that the patients obtained significantly fewer words on two of the tasks, but no evidence of slowed retrieval was found. There was also no difference in the estimates of N and tau between patients and controls. As the patients in Study 3 sustained more minor injuries than those in Study 2, Study 4 tested patients with severe TBI. In Study 4, patients with severe TBI and matched controls were given a series of word fluency tasks. Results showed that the patients generated fewer words and experienced slowed retrieval. Again, there was no difference in the estimates of N and tau between patients and controls. The results of Study 4 confirmed the hypothesis that slowed word retrieval is a consequence of TBI. Taken together, the results of this dissertation show that an underlying slowness of processing is the primary cause of problems with word retrieval in persons with TBI.

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Arenth, Patricia McSweeney. "Exploring the use of social comparison by individuals recovering from traumatic brain injury". Columbus, OH : Ohio State University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1058809047.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2003.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 78 p. : ill. Includes abstract and vita. Advisors: Lyle D. Schmidt and John D. Corrigan, Dept. of Psychology. Includes bibliographical references (p. 74-78).

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Peng, Catherine Yee-yuen. "Decoding facial expressions of emotion". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.253287.

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Palmer, Elizabeth Seccombe. "Psychosocial impact of head injury on the family". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2001. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2022.

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Spanswick, Simon, e University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "A behavioural analysis of visual pattern separation ability by rats : effects of damage to the hippocampus". Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Arts and Science, 2005, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/236.

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Different events usually contain similar elements that can contribute to interference during memory encoding and retrieval. The hippocampus (HPC), a structure that is critically involved in some forms of memory, has been hypothesized to reduce interference between memories with overlapping content, thus facilitating correct recall. Pattern separation is one hypothetical process whereby input ambiguity is reduced. Here we test the hypothesis that the HPC and/or dentate gyrus (DG) are important for pattern separation by measuring performance by rats with damage in tasks that require discrimination between visual stimuli that share systematically varying numbers of common elements. Rats with HPC damage were slower to resolve discriminations with minimal degrees of overlap. Lesions of the DG did not affect the ability of rats to deal with overlap, suggesting a dissociation between the HPC and DG. Our results provide partial support for the idea that the HPC contributes to the pattern separation process.
ix, 84 leaves : ill. ; 29 cm.

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Gupta, Rupa. "The effects of ventromedial prefrontal cortex damage on interpersonal coordination in social interaction". Diss., University of Iowa, 2012. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2883.

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Conversation is a highly interactive and coordinated effort between interactants. For example, interactants often mimic the behaviors and speech of one another and coordinate the timing of behaviors, or interactional synchrony. Despite being affected in certain neurological and psychiatric disorders, the neural mechanisms underlying these processes are not understood. The goal of this study is to understand the role of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), an area of the brain involved in social and emotional behavior, for interpersonal coordination, including mimicry and interactional synchrony. To test the role of the vmPFC for mimicry, normal comparison (NC), brain damaged comparison (BDC), and participants with vmPFC damage interacted in two sessions with a research assistant (RA) who was performing a target behavior (1st session: nodding, 2nd session: face touching). The amount of time the participants spent nodding or touching their face in each session was recorded. NC and BDC participants tended to mimic the partner and nodded slightly more in the session in which the RA was nodding, and touched their face slightly more in the session in which the RA was touching their face. In contrast, vmPFC patients showed no difference in their behaviors in either session, suggesting that they were not influenced by the partner's behaviors and did not mimic them. In a second experiment, all of the above participant groups had a naturalistic conversation with an unfamiliar interactional partner. The conversational data were analyzed for numerous aspects of interpersonal coordination, including convergence of number of words, words per turn and backchannels, reciprocity of self-disclosures, the use of questions, interactional synchrony, and a time series analysis of response latency and speech rate. The vmPFC participants performed consistently worse than NC participants on convergence of words and words per turn, self-disclosures and asking questions. All brain-damaged participants were impaired on aspects of interactional synchrony, and no conclusive results were found for the time series analysis of response latency and speech rate. This study provides support for the hypothesis that the vmPFC is important for interpersonal coordination as the vmPFC group differed significantly from the NC group on the majority of the analyses. The final goal of this study was to understand the effects of traumatic brain injury (TBI) on interpersonal coordination. TBI patients participated in all of the experiments described above and preliminary results showed that they also seemed to be impaired on the mimicry task, and they performed slightly worse than NC participants on many of the interpersonal coordination analyses of the conversational data. This suggests that TBI also does seem to affect certain aspects of interpersonal coordination.

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Antelius, Eleonor. "Different Voices - Different Stories : Communication, identity and meaning among people with acquired brain damage". Doctoral thesis, Linköping : Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-18323.

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Cabrera, Sara Michelle. "192 IgG-Saporin lesions of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis impair serial reversal learning in rats". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2778.

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In order to assess flexibility in acquiring and using conflicting response rules, rats with selective lesions of the NBM or sham-lesion controls were subjected to serial reversal training in a simple operant discrimination paradigm. The NBM lesion group did not differ from the control group in acquisition of the original rules; the NBM lesion group required more time to master the changes in rules in the first reversal, but not in subsequent reversals.

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Rogers, Jeffrey Michael. "Electrophysiological and neuropsychological assessment of automatic and controlled processing aspects of attention after mild traumatic brain injury". University of Western Australia. School of Psychology, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0191.

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[Truncated abstract] Controlled and automatic processing are broad categories, and how best to measure these constructs and their impact on functioning after mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains uncertain. The purpose of this thesis was to examine automatic and controlled processing aspects of attention after mild TBI using the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task (PASAT) and event-related potentials (ERPs). The PASAT is one of the most frequently used tests to evaluate attentional functioning. It has been demonstrated to be a measure sensitive to both acute and longer-term effects of mild TBI, presumably due to demands for rapid processing and executive attentional control. ERPs provide a noninvasive neurophysiological index of sensory processing and cognitive functions and have demonstrated sensitivity to even minor cognitive dysfunction. The parameters provided by this functional technique may be those most likely to distinguish individuals with mild TBI from controls. Initially, it was hypothesized that successful novice PASAT performance requires the engagement of executive attention to establish novel controlled information processing strategies. Ten individuals who had suffered a mild TBI an average of 15.20 months previously were therefore expected to demonstrate processing abnormalities on the PASAT, relative to 10 healthy matched controls. Although the mild TBI group reported significant intensification of subjective symptoms since their injury, compared to controls, the mild TBI group provided a similar amount of correct PASAT responses. ... In the first experiment a visual search task consisting of an automatic detection and a controlled search condition was developed. In the second experiment the search task was performed concurrently with the PASAT task in a dual-task paradigm. In the mild TBI group, prior failure to establish more efficient forms of information processing with practice was found to significantly interfere with simultaneous performance of the PASAT task and the attention demanding condition of the search task. The pattern of impaired performance was considered to reflect a reduction in processing resources rather than a deficit in resource allocation. Dual-task performance in the control group was not associated with a large interference effect. In general, the results of this thesis suggest that individuals with mild TBI are impaired in their ability to progress from the stage of effortful controlled information processing to a stage of more efficient, automatic processing, and thus suffer a subtle attentional deficit. Following mild TBI, performance levels equivalent to controls may only be achieved with an abnormal expenditure of cognitive effort. As a result of the neuropathologic consequences of injury, individuals who have sustained a mild TBI are less able to benefit from practice, experience difficulty coping with simultaneous performance of secondary task, and are susceptible to distressing subjective symptomatology.

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Libri sul tema "Brain damage - Social aspects"

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A, Kingsbury Nancy, a cura di. Neuropsychological aspects of right brain injury. Austin, Tex: PRO-ED, 1989.

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Stoler, Diane Roberts. Coping with mild traumatic brain injury. Garden City Park, N.Y: Avery Publishing Group, 1998.

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DeBoskey, Dana S. Coming home: A discharge manual for families of persons with a brain injury. Houston, Tex: HDI Publishers, 1996.

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Nunley, Leone. Fighting for David: A true story of stubborn love, faith, and hope beyond reason. Carol Stream, Ill: Tyndale House Publishers, 2006.

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Collateral damage: Social inequalities in a global age. Cambridge, UK: Polity, 2011.

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F, Smith Paul. Cannabis on the brain. Palmerston North, N.Z: Dunmore Press, 2002.

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PTSD and mild traumatic brain injury. New York: Guilford Press, 2012.

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Finding consciousness: The neuroscience, ethics, and law of severe brain damage. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2016.

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Black brain, white brain: Race, racism and racial science. Johannesburg: Jonathan Ball Publishers, 2014.

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Connecticut. Acquired Brain Injury Waiver Study Committee. Final report of the findings and recommendations of the Acquired Brain Injury Waiver Study Committee. [Hartford?: Connecticut Dept. of Social Services?, 1994.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Brain damage - Social aspects"

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Wigglesworth, J. S. "Pathophysiological aspects of asphyxial brain damage". In Perinatal Medicine, 93–98. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4918-8_16.

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Kalimo, H., e M. L. Smith. "Structural Aspects of Ischemic Brain Damage". In Modern Concepts in Neurotraumatology, 129–32. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-8859-0_35.

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Baethmann, A. "Pathophysiology of Acute Brain Damage Following Epilepsy". In Neurosurgical Aspects of Epilepsy, 14–18. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-9104-0_3.

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Ribeiro, A. "General Aspects of Neuropharmacology in Relation to Brain Repair Following Trauma". In Brain Damage and Repair, 423–37. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-2541-6_27.

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Bartolomeo, Paolo. "Unilateral Spatial Neglect: Clinical Aspects". In Attention Disorders After Right Brain Damage, 49–83. London: Springer London, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-5649-9_4.

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Río, J. A. Del, F. de Castro e E. Soriano. "Axon Guidance and Repulsion. The Molecular Code of Social Life in the Brain". In Brain Damage and Repair, 165–79. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-2541-6_11.

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Hill, Shirley Y., e Christopher Ryan. "Brain Damage in Social Drinkers? Reasons for Caution". In Recent Developments in Alcoholism, 277–88. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7715-7_22.

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Rehncrona, St. "Molecular Mechanisms for Ischemic Brain Damage and Aspects on Protection". In Modern Concepts in Neurotraumatology, 125–28. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-8859-0_34.

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Berger, Francois, Sjef Gevers, Ludwig Siep e Klaus-Michael Weltring. "Ethical, Legal and Social Aspects of Brain-Implants Using Nano-Scale Materials and Techniques". In Nanotechnology, the Brain, and the Future, 179–91. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1787-9_11.

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Hornstein, Andrew. "Social Aspects". In Textbook of Traumatic Brain Injury. American Psychiatric Publishing, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9781585624201.js33.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Brain damage - Social aspects"

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Mandatova, Katerina. "POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE ASPECTS OF SOCIAL WORK WITH PATIENTS AFTER BRAIN DAMAGE FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF SOCIAL WORKER". In 5th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES and ARTS SGEM2018. STEF92 Technology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2018h/31/s13.088.

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Matejkova, Andrea. "COORDINATED REHABILITATION FROM PATIENT'S PERSPECTIVE AFTER BRAIN DAMAGE". In 5th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES and ARTS SGEM2018. STEF92 Technology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2018h/31/s13.076.

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Bartova, Marie. "NEEDS OF FAMILIES OF PATIENTS AFTER BRAIN DAMAGE". In 5th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES and ARTS SGEM2018. STEF92 Technology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2018h/31/s13.085.

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Vackova, Jitka. "COORDINATED REHABILITATION OF PATIENTS AFTER BRAIN DAMAGE - FIRST STUDY RESULTS". In 4th International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conference on Social Sciences and Arts SGEM2017. Stef92 Technology, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2017/hb31/s13.055.

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Kaczmarek, Bożydar L. J. "The embodied brain: cultural aspects of cognition". In 2nd International Neuropsychological Summer School named after A. R. Luria “The World After the Pandemic: Challenges and Prospects for Neuroscience”. Ural University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/b978-5-7996-3073-7.15.

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Abstract (sommario):

Our thinking is grounded in our sensory, motor, affective, and interpersonal experience. Recent psychological studies confirmed that our cognition is not only embodied but also embedded since it arises from interactions with its social and cultural environments, which makes it possible to create image schemas and conceptual metaphors. Those schemas facilitate acting in everyday, routine situations, but make it difficult to depart from them since they are frames that limit our ability to see the alternatives. They are intricately linked to our world view and, therefore, resistant to changes because the latter threaten the feeling of security. This paper is aimed at evaluating people’s ability to change the existing schema. In the study, participants were asked to create a completely new story based on two well.known stories in which they had previously inserted the missing words. It was found that most participants exhibited considerable difficulties in departing from the formerly established schemas. Moreover, the emotionally loaded story proved to be more difficult to change.

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Xaing, Jie, e Junjie Chen. "The Study on Functional Connectivity between Frontal Eye Field and Other Brain Cortex in Visual Processing". In 2010 International Conference on Computational Aspects of Social Networks (CASoN 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cason.2010.81.

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Praskova, Anna. "COORDINATED REHABILITATION AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION IN ORGANIZATIONS WORKING WITH PERSONS AFTER ACQUIRED BRAIN DAMAGE". In 5th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES and ARTS SGEM2018. STEF92 Technology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2018h/31/s13.075.

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Hull, Russell D., e Gary E. Raskob. "TREATMENT OF DEEP VENOUS THROMBOSIS AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS". In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1642968.

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Initial therapy with intravenous heparin, followed by long-term anticoagulant therapy for three months or more, is the treatment of choice for most patients with acute venous thrombosis. Inferior vena caval interruption, using a transvenously inserted filter, is the management of choice for preventing pulmonary embolism in patients in whom anticoagulant therapy is contraindicated, and in the very rare patient in whom anticoagulant therapy is ineffective. The role of thrombolytic therapy has not been completely resolved. It was hoped that thrombolytic therapy would minimize or prevent the post-phlebitic syndrome; unfortunately, this may not be the case because the critical factor in the development of the post-phlebitic syndrome appears to be venous valve damage, which occurs early in the formation of venous thrombosis. Thrombolytic therapy should be considered in selected patients with acute massive venous thrombosis (eg. the patient with phlegmasia cerulea dolens).Intravenous heparin administered in doses which prolong the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) to 1.5 to 2 times control is highly effective and is associated with a low frequency (2%) of recurrent venous thromboembolism. A recent randomized trial (1) in patients with proximal-vein thrombosis indicates that failure to achieve an adequate anticoagulant response (APTT > 1.5 times control) is associated with a high risk (20%) of recurrent venous thromboembolism. Therefore, sufficient heparin should be administered to maintain the APTT above 1.5 times the control value.Intravenous heparin is continued for 7 to 10 days, overlapped with oral anticoagulant therapy for 4 to 5 days before heparin is stopped. Multiple randomized clinical trials in patients with proximal-vein thrombosis indicate that when heparin is administered for 7 to 10 days, followed by adequate long-term anticoagulant therapy, the frequency of recurrent venous thromboembolism is very low (2%). An alternative approach is to commence heparin and oral anticoagulants together at the time of diagnosis, and to discontinue heparin on the fourth or fifth day. If this latter approach is effective, it would avoid 4 to 5 days of unnecessary hospitalization in many patients, and would markedly reduce the cost of initial heparin therapy. A recent randomized trial (2) in patients with submassive venous thromboembolism suggests that 4 to 5 days of initial heparin therapy is effective and safe, but this approach must be evaluated by further randomized clinical trials before it is routinely recommended.Recent clinical trials indicate that inadequate long-term therapy in patients with proximal-vein thrombosis results in a high frequency (40-50%) of recurrent venous thromboembolism and is cost-ineffective because of the diagnostic and treatment costs of recurrent venous thromboembolism (3). The risk of recurrence is markedly reduced to 2% by adequate long-term anticoagulant therapy with warfarin sodium or adjusted subcutaneous heparin; both of these approaches are markedly more cost-effective than inadequate long-term therapy (3). Oral anticoagulant therapy with warfarin sodium for three months (or longer in selected patients), is less expensive than adjusted subcutaneous heparin and is preferred in most patients with acute proximal-vein thrombosis. The risk of bleeding associated with oral anticoagulant therapy can be reduced to less than 5%, without loss of effectiveness for preventing recurrent venous thromboembolism, by adjusting the dose of warfarin sodium to achieve a less intense anticoagulant effect (PT 1.25 to 1.5 times control using a rabbit brain thromboplastin such as Simplastin or Dade-C, corresponding to an INR of 2.0 to 3.0). Less intense warfarin sodium therapy is the most cost-effective of the alternative long-term anticoagulant regimens (3). Adjusted dose subcutaneous heparin is an effective and safe alternative to warfarin sodium; although slightly more expensive, it is the long-term regimen of choice in pregnant patients, and in patients returning to geographically remote areas lacking the facilities for anticoagulant monitoring (in whom the dose is adjusted during the first few days of long-term therapy and then fixed). REFERENCES: (1) Hull R, Raskob G, Hirsh J et al. N Engl J Med 1986;315:1109-1114. (2) Gallus A, Jackaman J, Tillett J et al.Lancet 1986;2:1293-1296. (3) Hull R, Raskob G, Hirsh J, Sackett DL. JAMA 1984;252:235-239.

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Valdez, Marcelo F., e Balakumar Balachandran. "Wave Propagation Through Soft Tissue: Effect of Material Nonlinearity and Nonuniform Cross–Section". In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-38953.

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A better understanding of the influence of material nonlinearities on the propagation of mechanical stress waves is necessary to generate insights into damage mechanisms of soft tissues subjected to rapid and strong external excitations. In this effort, the authors study the propagation of longitudinal stress waves through soft tissue. Emphasis is placed on the influence of nonlinear material behavior and nonuniform cross–section on the characteristics of the stress–wave propagation. The mechanical behavior of the soft tissue is represented by a nonlinear viscoelastic model that is obtained through a maximum dissipation, thermodynamically consistent construction. The effect of the tissue nonlinear mechanical behavior is studied through asymptotic analysis. Examining the obtained analytical approximation, it is possible to discern nonlinear wave front steepening and the effect of the material dissipation. The effects of a nonuniform cross–sectional area are investigated through numerical simulations. These studies can be applied to understand the effect of geometric features of axons on the propagation of longitudinal stress waves. For example, the diameter of an axon gradually increases near its ends, and varicosities/boutons along the axons represent concentrated cross–sectional area variations. Simulations are carried out to examine various aspects of the nonlinear wave propagation such as wave front steepening. This work can serve as a basis for better understanding the mechanical causes underlying mild traumatic brain injury caused by a head impact or explosive blast waves.

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Junek, Lubomír. "Normative Technical Documentation of Association of Mechanical Engineers, Czech National Code of Equipment and Piping of Nuclear Power Plants of WWER Type". In ASME 2018 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2018-85155.

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The Standard Technical Documentation of the Association of Mechanical Engineers is elaborated by a team of experts on the base of an actual knowledge and practice as a part of a row of recommendations for an assessment of strength and reliability, choice of materials and solution of service problems of the Czech nuclear power plants. It was elaborated by the Association of Mechanical Engineers as an important help for a practice. This issue is published from the following main reasons: 1. The criteria for an assessment of reliability and safety of technical tasks have changed in a last decades by influence of development of fracture mechanics and a diagnostics of an actual components of the nuclear power plants, exposed to a static and dynamic strength in a service and to effects of an aggressive environment, leading to an origin of integrity failure. The access is changed now from an assessment of an original strength to a long-term operation and service reliability. A conception of a choice of suitable materials has changed, especially about an influence of production technology on barriers against a degradation of material mechanical characteristics. Imaginations also changed about increasing of a resistance against a damage of material components in complex service conditions. New scientific knowledge it is necessary to apply responsibly just in a construction of as important equipment as nuclear power plants are. 2. A social responsibility is increasing for economic and ecological behavior and hence manners of service control are always innovated. A problematic of a residual lifetime of those tasks is connected with. A prolongation of a lifetime without a risk of equipment failure hereto is a principal demand of capital-intensive units. 3. In a last decades a possibility of efficient use either an automatic service diagnostics or an inspection of component state in service brakes has deepened. It is necessary to enable a right engagement of this instrumentation and to interpret in a right way obtained information. 4. An international cooperation in this important region is developed, an elaboration of information and their common deepening has a substantial importance for a future of a nuclear energetic. A dissembling of service obstacles, an objective analysis of failure situations and a method of their control is today’s obvious duty of an international cooperation. Programs of all variants of a possible damage and its control must be prepared. It is impossible at once to apply all those aspects in provisions and recommendations. Issued provisions however must be constantly improved and complemented.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Brain damage - Social aspects"

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Barquet, Karina, Elin Leander, Jonathan Green, Heidi Tuhkanen, Vincent Omondi Odongo, Michael Boyland, Elizabeth Katja Fiertz, Maria Escobar, Mónica Trujillo e Philip Osano. Spotlight on social equity, finance and scale: Promises and pitfalls of nature-based solutions. Stockholm Environment Institute, giugno 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2021.011.

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Human activity has modified and deteriorated natural ecosystems in ways that reduce resilience and exacerbate environmental and climate problems. Physical measures to protect, manage and restore these ecosystems that also address societal challenges in sustainable ways and bring biodiversity benefits are sometimes referred to as “nature-based solutions” (NBS). For example, reducing deforestation and restoring forests is a major opportunity for climate mitigation, while protecting or restoring coastal habitats can mitigate damage to coastal areas from natural hazard events, in addition to potentially providing co-benefits related to livelihood, recreation, and biodiversity. There is now an impetus to shift towards greater deployment of nature-based solutions. Not only do they offer an alternative to conventional fossil fuel-based or hard infrastructure solutions but, if implemented correctly, they also hold great promise for achieving multiple goals, benefits and synergies. These include climate mitigation and resilience; nature and biodiversity protection; and economic and social gains. 2020 saw an explosion in publications about NBS, which have contributed to filling many of the knowledge gaps that existed around their effectiveness and factors for their success. These publications have also highlighted the knowledge gaps that remain and have revealed a lack of critical reflection on the social and economic sustainability aspects of NBS. Building on these gaps, we decided to launch this mini-series of four briefs to provoke a more nuanced discussion that highlights not only the potential benefits, but also the potential risks and trade-offs of NBS. The purpose is not to downplay the importance of NBS for biodiversity, ecosystems, and coastal mitigation and adaptation, but to ensure that we establish a dialogue about ways to overcome these challenges while leaving no one behind.

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