Tesi sul tema "Boxe – Simulation par ordinateur"
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Younes, Mohamed. "Apprentissage et stimulation des stratégies de sport (boxe) pour l'entraînement en réalité virtuelle". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Rennes (2023-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024URENS014.
Testo completoThis thesis investigates the extraction and simulation of fighter interactions, mainly for boxing, by utilizing deep learning techniques: human motion estimation from videos, reinforcement learning-based imitation learning, and physics-based character simulation. In the context of sport analysis from videos, a benchmark protocol is proposed where various contemporary 2D human pose extraction methods are evaluated for their precision in deriving positional information from RGB video recordings of boxers during complex movements and unfavorable filming circumstances. In a second part, the thesis focuses on replicating realistic fighter interactions given motion and interaction data through an innovative methodology for imitating interactions and motions among multiple physically simulated characters derived from unorganized motion capture data. Initially, this technique was demonstrated for simulating light shadow-boxing between two fighters without significant physical contact. Subsequently, it was expanded to accommodate additional interaction data featuring boxing with actual physical contact and other combat activities, along with handling user instructions and interaction restrictions
Fritsch, Andreas. "Multiscale explanation of elasticity and strength of bone and bone replacement materials made of hydroxyapatite, glass-ceramics, or titanium : a continuum micromechanics approach=mehrskalige erklärung der elastizit ät und festigkeit von knochen und knochenersatzmaterialien aus hydroxyapatit, glas-keramik oder titanium: ein kontinuumsmikromechanischer ansatz". Paris Est, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/50/13/47/PDF/These_Fritsch_anglais.pdf.
Testo completoBone is a hierarchically organized material, characterized by an astonishing variability and diversity. Bone replacement or biomaterials are critical components in artificial organs, and they are also used as scaffolds in tissue engineering. The aim of this thesis is the prediction of the strength of bone and bone replacement materials, from their composition and microstructure, by means of multiscale models. The theoretical developments are supported by comprehensive experiments on cortical bone and on biomaterials made of hydroxyapatite, glass-ceramic, and titanium
Nicolle, Cyril. "Mise en forme de poudres de bore par compression isostatique à chaud : détermination des propriétés rhéologiques et simulation numérique du procédé". Dijon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999DIJOS058.
Testo completoPelletier, Bertrand. "Modélisation et simulation numérique de l'exo-diffusion du bore dans les oxydes encapsulés des technologies CMOS déca-nanométriques". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10060.
Testo completoThis study has focused on the interaction of dielectric stacks nitride/oxide with the boron distribution in the source and drain areas after the activation annealing. The low temperature deposition processes of nitride and oxide layers limit the impact of these deposition steps on the electrical performance of the device. However the thermal budgets of lower deposit also induce a higher concentration of hydrogen. This hydrogen accumulation in the dielectric layer in contact with the source and drain regions increases the boron diffusion into the silicon oxide and causing modification of the boron distribution into the implanted zones and therefore an electrical performance modification of the device. In this work we developed a physical model combining the hydrogen exchange during annealing between the dielectric layers and boron out-diffusion between the substrate and silicon oxide. This model was validated firstly by simulating the profiles of boron after annealing for different deposition conditions nitride and oxide, and also by coupling measurements of mechanical stress with hydrogen thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS). This research revealed two mechanisms of hydrogen regulation in oxide layer during annealing. First, the role of nitride encapsulation, hydrogen diffusion in nitride layer is lower than in oxide so hydrogen cannot degas out during anneal. The second is the role of nitride as a hydrogen source into the stack
Afnouch, Marwa. "Machine Learning Applications in Medical Diagnosis, case study : bone metastasis". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Valenciennes, Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPHF0039.
Testo completoMetastases are a group of abnormal cells that develop outside the original organ bound aries and spread to other organs. In particular, bone metastases originate in one organ of the body, such as the breast, lung, or prostate, and spread to the bone. Although this disease was discovered more than a century ago, it is still not well defined, and exist ing treatments are weakly effective, possibly because it is difficult and time-consuming to detect. To help physicians, new machine learning technologies promise to improve overall accuracy. This dissertation aims to help radiologists routinely detect bone metas tases using machine learning algorithms. The discovery of methodological biases in studies of bone metastasis diagnosis and the lack of consensus on the interpretability of machine learning have shifted the focus of this dissertation. It now focuses primarily on data collection and overcoming the challenges of validation and interpretability of machine learning. In order to properly assess the ability of machine learning to detect bone metastases, three experimental studies were conducted. The first proposing a novel segmentation approach supported by an attention mechanism to localize bone lesions. The second is a study of machine learning methods for identifying bone metastases cases. Finally, the last study highlights the lack of robustness of classification using machine learning methods and proposes a method to improve accuracy based on both CNN and Transformer approaches. The experimental results of this dissertation are evaluated on our introduced BM-Seg dataset, which is the first benchmark dataset for bone metasta sis segmentation and classification using CT-scans. This novel open-source dataset was used to improve the reproducibility of machine learning experiments. The results of the various preliminary studies are encouraging and promising
Normand, Stéphane. "Conception, réalisation et caractérisation d'un dispositif de détection neutronique basé sur l'utilisation de scintillateurs plastiques dopés au Bore". Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00396150.
Testo completoDans une première partie, le processus de fabrication et la méthode de dopage en éléments borés sont présentés de façon détaillée. Différentes analyses physico-chimiques (I.R., UV-vis et RMN) ont été utilisées pour caractériser le matériau obtenu et pour confirmer sa composition et sa structure. De plus, une série d'expériences sous rayonnements alpha et sous faisceaux de protons a permis de mesurer les caractéristiques de scintillation. L'émission lumineuse peut ainsi être déterminée grâce à la relation semi-empirique de Birks.
Une seconde partie rend compte de la modélisation complète de l'ensemble du détecteur : interaction rayonnement - matière, émission et parcours de la lumière, formation du signal. Le code de calcul MCNP (Monte Carlo N-Particles) a été couplé à un code de génération et de propagation de lumière développé au cours de ce travail. Ces moyens de simulation ont permis d'optimiser les dimensions du détecteur pour la détection neutronique et de cerner l'influence de la géométrie sur la collecte des photons de scintillation. L'efficacité de détection et la durée de vie des neutrons dans ce type de détecteurs ont été estimées. Les mesures confirment la validité des simulations.
Une troisième partie fait état des méthodes de discrimination neutron - gamma analogique (méthode du passage par zéro) et numérique (méthode de la comparaison de charges) mises en œuvre pour ce scintillateur. Leurs performances respectives sont comparées et discutées.
La dernière partie concerne les applications qui peuvent bénéficier de l'utilisation de scintillateurs plastiques dopés au Bore, comme les fibres scintillantes dopées, la spectrométrie neutronique ou encore les systèmes de mesures des multiplicités neutroniques.
Barkad, Hassan Ali. "Conception et réalisation de photodétecteurs X-UV à base de matériaux à large bande interdite destinés à des applications spatiales". Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10095/document.
Testo completoCurrently, ultraviolet photodetectors based on silicon have shown limitations inherent to their technology in spite of their continual improvement for these last years. In collaboration with the Royal Observatory of Belgium within the LYRA (and BOLD) project, the maturity of the semiconductors with wide band gap is shown for specific applications in the space field and high-energy physics. The availability of these new materials makes it possible to exceed existing technologies. These materials present robustness, a radiation hardness and their wide band gap provide insensibility to visible and infrared lights. Indeed, because of their exceptional physical and chemical properties, diamond for example, is one of the ideal candidates from the point of view of fundamental research and technological applications. Furthermore, new nitrides semiconductors with wide band gap (AlN, BN) are now elaborated successfully and present remarkable properties such as diamond.The goal of this work was to design and to fabricate new UV photodetectors based on these materials. This work begins with determination of the transport properties of these semiconductors materials versus temperature by Monte Carlo simulation in order to optimize the performances of the photodetectors by means of a finite elements software based on COMSOL® by taking into account the material type, the geometry of the structure, the technological design, the nature of the electrodes (size, ohmic contacts, Schottky contacts, symmetry…) as well as incidental radiations. A physical-thermal coupling is implemented in some cases to determine the impact of thermal effects in device working behaviour. Various UV detectors are elaborated in clean room and characterized under X-EUV radiation on the one hand and DUV-UV on the other hand. The characteristics (stability, reliability, sensitivity to the radiations UV, dark current…) and the obtained performances are then described for each studied material. This work made it possible to establish several state of the art performances on diamond, AlN and BN and contributed to the development of the first solar EUV radiometer LYRA onboard PROBA2 satellite
Leblond, Sylvain. "Structure des isotopes de bore et de carbone riches en neutrons aux limites de la stabilité". Caen, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CAEN2058.
Testo completoThe unbound nuclei 18B and 21C have been studied in an experiment undertaken at the RIBF-RIKEN using the recently commissioned SAMUARI spectrometer and NEBULA neutron array. The two systems were probed using single-neutron and single and two-proton knockout from secondary beams of 22C, 22N, et 23O respectively in the case of 21C and 19B, 19C and 20N for 18B. The invariant mass spectra were reconstructed from the momentum of the fragment (17B, 20C) and neutron. In order to interpret the results a complete simulation of the experimental setup was utilised. The analysis procedures as well as the calibrations were verified through a measurement of the well-known ground state of 16B. In the case of 18B three states were observed: an s-wave virtual state (as < -50 fm), an l=2 resonance at Er =0. 77 +- 0. 09 MeV and an l=0 resonance at Er = 1. 6 +- 0. 6 MeV. These results suggest that the low-lying level structure of 18B is governed by a competition between the neutron 2s1/2 and 1d5/2 configurations. In the case of 21C resonances were observed at Er = 0. 8 +- 0. 15 MeV (l = 0) and Er = 1. 5 +-0. 1 MeV (l=2), a result which confirms predictions of an inversion of the 5/2+ and 1/2+ levels. Finally an analysis of the momentum distributions for 18B and 21C produced in single-neutron knockout was carried out. The results indicate that the valence neutrons 19B and 22C are in mixed (2s1/2)2 and (1d5/2)2 configurations
Pelletier, Bertrand. "Modélisation et simulation numérique de l'exo-diffusion du bore dans les oxydes encapsulés des technologies CMOS déca-nanométriques". Thesis, Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10060/document.
Testo completoThis study has focused on the interaction of dielectric stacks nitride/oxide with the boron distribution in the source and drain areas after the activation annealing. The low temperature deposition processes of nitride and oxide layers limit the impact of these deposition steps on the electrical performance of the device. However the thermal budgets of lower deposit also induce a higher concentration of hydrogen. This hydrogen accumulation in the dielectric layer in contact with the source and drain regions increases the boron diffusion into the silicon oxide and causing modification of the boron distribution into the implanted zones and therefore an electrical performance modification of the device. In this work we developed a physical model combining the hydrogen exchange during annealing between the dielectric layers and boron out-diffusion between the substrate and silicon oxide. This model was validated firstly by simulating the profiles of boron after annealing for different deposition conditions nitride and oxide, and also by coupling measurements of mechanical stress with hydrogen thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS). This research revealed two mechanisms of hydrogen regulation in oxide layer during annealing. First, the role of nitride encapsulation, hydrogen diffusion in nitride layer is lower than in oxide so hydrogen cannot degas out during anneal. The second is the role of nitride as a hydrogen source into the stack
Tran, Van Truong. "Propriétés électroniques et thermoélectriques des hétérostructures planaires de graphène et de nitrure de bore". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS133/document.
Testo completoGraphene is a fascinating 2-dimensional material exhibiting outstanding electronic, thermal and mechanical properties. Is this expected to have a huge potential for a wide range of applications, in particular in electronics. However, this material also suffers from a strong drawback for most electronic devices due to the gapless character of its band structure, which makes it difficult to switch off the current. For thermoelectric applications, the high thermal conductance of this material is also a strong limitation. Hence, many challenges have to be taken up to make it useful for actual applications. This thesis work focuses on the theoretical investigation of a new strategy to modulate and control the properties of graphene that consists in assembling in-plane heterostructures of graphene and Boron Nitride (BN). It allows us to tune on a wide range the bandgap, the thermal conductance and the Seebeck coefficient of the resulting hybrid nanomaterial. The work is performed using atomistic simulations based on tight binding (TB), force constant (FC) models for electrons and phonons, respectively, coupled with the Green's function formalism for transport calculation. The results show that thanks to the tunable bandgap, it is possible to design graphene/BN based transistors exhibiting high on/off current ratio in the range 10⁴-10⁵. We also predict the existence hybrid quantum states at the zigzag interface between graphene and BN with appealing electron transport. Finally this work shows that by designing properly a graphene ribbon decorated with BN nanoflakes, the phonon conductance is strongly reduced while the bandgap opening leads to significant enhancement of Seebeck coefficient. It results in a thermoelectric figure of merit ZT larger than one at room temperature
Alibert, Julien. "Une nouvelle source pour l'interférométrie atomique avec un condensat de Bose-Einstein double espèce". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30350/document.
Testo completoAtom interferometry has shown its interest for high precision measurements, such as inertial sensors, tests of fundamental physics or fundamental constant measurements. A way to improve sensitivity of such device is to reduce speed dispersion of the atomic cloud. The use of ultra-cold atoms allows increasing the interogation time of atoms and the spatial separation between the interferometer arms. The building of a new atom interferometer with separated arms is ongoing in the laboratory "Collisions Agrégats et Réactivité" at Toulouse. This new setup must meet two objectives. One aim of its conception is to study and develop a new kind of double species Bose-Einstein condensate (B.E.C.) source for atom interferometry with rubidium 87 and 85. This B.E.C. source relies on atom chip technology to cool down and manipulate atoms. This technology is compact and low power consuming, therefore suitable for transportable applications in space. A second aim is to use this interferometer to fix new boundary on the experimental value of atom neutrality thanks to the scalar Aharonov-Bohm effect. In this manuscript I start by exposing and justifying technical choices made for the design of the double isotope B.E.C. source. Then I present the first experimental results compared with numerical simulations and theoretical explanations. During the first laser cooling stage we produce a cloud including 4 × 10^10 rubidium atoms of both isotopes (87 and 85) at 10 µK. This operation can be repeated every second. Following the laser cooling 8×10^9 atoms are loaded into a millimeter sized magnetic trap. Various experiments were performed to characterize the trap. Studies of the trap frequency and depth revealed the limitations of this first prototype. However these theoretical and experimental developments led to design and future implementation of a new generation of micro-chip in our apparatus
Djian, Francis. "Modélisation thermique des thermostats pour oscillateurs à quartz et applications". Besançon, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BESA2021.
Testo completoBéraud, Nicolas. "Fabrication assistée par ordinateur pour le procédé EBM". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAI052/document.
Testo completoThe Electron Beam Melting (EBM) process allows to build metallic parts from powder. Thanks to the geometric and mechanical quality of the parts produced, the EBM process can be used to manufacture functional parts and not only prototypes. This process, with other additive metallic processes, make it possible to consider a transition from 3D printing to metallic additive manufacturing.The use of additive manufacturing in an industrial environment requires compliance with quality, cost and time criteria for the parts produced. The production of manufactured parts involves a series of numerical stages which is called the numerical chain. The numerical chain has a significant impact on the three criteria mentioned above. Thus, this thesis provides an answer to the following question:How Computer Aided Manufacturing can improve the quality, cost and time of the EBM manufacturing process?This problem is addressed through the following underlying question:What are the required characteristics for a Computer Aided Manufacturing system adapted to the EBM process?In order to answer this question, the current numerical chain is analyzed. Three main limitations are found:- the use of STL files format- the process cannot be optimized at different scales- the process cannot be simulatedTo solve these issues, a CAM environment is proposed. It allows the centralization of all numerical operations in a single environment. All supported formats can be used within this environment, such as native CAD file formats or STEP format. Software developments are done to prove the feasibility of such an environment.The CAM environment implementation reveals the crucial role of simulation in this system. It is therefore necessary to answer this second question:How to obtain an EBM process simulation allowing the development of parameters, virtually?Although EBM simulation is a recurrent subject in scientific literature, existing studies are based on the finite elements method but the calculation time needed is too important to be used in an CAM environment. Thus, an alternative type of simulation is created in this thesis: a simulation based on abacus. It is composed of a finite elements model, that allows heat maps generation for standards cases of heating and cooling. These heat maps are then transformed in abacus. The simulation algorithm based on abacus search the nearest abacus from the simulated situation in order to estimate the temperatures at the next time step.This simulation method was used to reduce the calculation time while keeping a sufficient precision to optimize process parameters.With the simulation based on abacus, a tool for the optimization of melting strategies is developed. This tool allows quality improvement for the produced parts through the calculation of melting strategies according to thermic criteria.To summarize, the main contributions of this work are:- the definition of requirements specifications of a powerful numerical chain for the EBM process- the development of a CAM environment adapted to the EBM process- the proposal of a fast simulation for the EBM process, based on abacus- the development of a tool for the optimization of melting strategies
Back, Christophe. "Étude de la cristallisation des verres métalliques Ni₈₁B₁₉ et (FeCr) ₇₇B₂₃ par diffusion neutronique et simulations numériques". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPL109N.
Testo completoLouin, Jean-Charles. "Effets d'hétérogénéités de teneur en carbone sur les cinétiques de transformations de phase et sur la genèse des contraintes internes lors du refroidissement d'aciers". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INPL077N.
Testo completoHeat treatment is a process that needs the control of both final microstructures and residual stresses and deformations. Numerical simulation is a useful tool for a better optimization of this process. The aim of our work was to contribute to the development of a numerical tool for the prediction of microstructures, stresses and strains during cooling of pieces that may contain chemical heterogeneities, particularly carbon content heterogeneities. Firstly, an existing model for the prediction of transformation kinetics in steels has been further developped in order to take into account the effects of the carbon content enrichment of austenite due to a partial ferritic transformation on the subsequent transformations. Coupled thermal, metallurgical, mechanical calculations have then been performed to study the effects of carbon content gradients on the microstructural evolutions and on the residual stresses development during cooling. Particularly, the possible effects of solidification macro and mesosegregations have been quantified in massive cylinders with sizes close to the size of an ingot. Secondly, experimental validations have been performed for homogeneous cylindrical specimen (40CrMnMo8 steel) and for a chemically heterogeneous specimen specifically designed for our study. The complete set of input data necessary for the simulations has been established from experimental characterizations of the steel. The role of chemical heterogeneity has been analysed through the experimental and calculated results. Finally, a good correlation has been obtained between measurements and calculation of the deformation during cooling of a 3D "croissant" shaped specimen
Sech, Nicolas Le. "Photocathodes à base de nanotubes de carbone sur substrats semi-conducteurs de type III-V. Application aux amplificateurs hyperfréquence". Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/50/14/43/PDF/These_N_Le_Sech.pdf.
Testo completoBazizi, El Mehdi. "Modélisation physique et simulation de défauts étendus et diffusion des dopants dans le Si, SOI, SiGe pour les MOS avancés". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00509153.
Testo completoFauchet, Gauthier. "Modélisation en deux points de la turbulence isotrope compressible et validation à l'aide de simulations numériques". Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO10027.
Testo completoMenezla, Rabea. "Réalisation d'un logiciel de résolution de l'équation de poisson à trois dimensions : Simulation numérique tridimensionnelle du claquage des composants à jonctions P-N". Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ECDL0027.
Testo completoJoly, Cécile. "Simulations numériques d'un jet rond turbulent et de son interaction avec un tourbillon de sillage". Université de Marne-la-Vallée, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MARN0147.
Testo completoThe general context of this study concerns the impact of contrails, these famous white plumes frequently observed in the aircraft wake, on the atmosphere. From an aerodynamic point of view, the formation of the contrails is characterised by the interaction between a turbulent jet and a wing-tip vortex. The aim of this thesis is to contribute to a better understanding of the thermal and dynamic phenomena involved in this flow. This work is based on the numerical resolution of the three-dimensional, unsteady and compressible Navier-Stokes and energy conservation equations. Two approaches are considered: the direct numerical simulation and the large eddy simulation. A temporal simulation of the transition to turbulence of a non-isothermal jet is performed without accounting for the vortex flow field. A the end of this simulation, a vortex model is superimposed on the jet flow field. The first part of this thesis describes the two approaches, the different subgrid models chosen for the large eddy simulations, and the numerical techniques employed. The second part is devoted to the jet flow simulation, and here the objective is to determine the subgrid model appropriated to this flow configuration. The third part is dedicated to the simulation of interaction between the jet and the vortex. Results are compared to experimental data. The simulations have demonstrated the development of large scale structures all around the vortex core. The temperature field concentrates in the large scale structures
Quatravaux, Thibault. "Évolution de la modélisation du procédé VAR : contribution à la description de la dispersion inclusionnaire dans le puits liquide et à la prévention de défauts de solidification". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004INPL037N.
Testo completoThis thesis deals with the modelling of Vacuum Arc Remelting process (VAR) using the numerical software SOLAR. The first aim of the study is a better description of several physical phenomena which occur during melting, in order to extend the application of the software to simulate the remelting of steel. The evolution in the modelling of transport phenomena in the secondary ingot is based on three major improvements: - lateral thermal transfer modelling, in order to take into account the formation of a gap between the ingot and the mould walls, a possible injection of a neutral gas, and the heating of water in the coolant circuit, according to its flow, - a better turbulence model, since the k-E model implemented previously in the numerical code was not accurate enough to correctly descri~ the flow of the liquid metal in the pool, - a new method to simulate the ingot growth, based on a cyclic operation of splitting and growth/migration of control volumes, which reproduces the continuous growth of the secondary ingot and allows for the refinement of the mesh close to the free surface. Finally, the improved model has been validated by comparison with experimental results provided from four remeltings carried out on full-scale furnaces. The second objective is the characterization of the quality of the manufactured products in terms of inclusion cleanliness and risk of freckles segregated channel generation. Ln order to describe the behaviour of inclusions in the liquid pool, a trajectory model, adapted to account for turbulent flows, was validated and then implemented in the code. Various particle behaviours were distinguished. A study on the risk of freckles generation led to the establishment of a criterion particularly weIl adapted to the process. A generalization of this criterion, suggested in this work, would allow the prediction of the probable orientation of such segregated channels
Ribot, Bénédicte. "Modélisation numérique d'un système de ventilation d'un tunnel routier par une trappe de désenfumage dans le cas d'un incendie". Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO10195.
Testo completoYu, Qizhi. "Modèles de rivières animées pour l'exploration intéractive de paysages". Grenoble INPG, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPG0126.
Testo completoRivers are ubiquitous in nature, and thus are an important component of the visual simulation of nature scenes. In nature, rivers are dynamic, therefore animation of rivers is necessary in these visual simulation applications. However, animation of rivers is a challenging problem. It incorporates multi-scale surface details and flow motion, and many phenomena involved have complex underlying physical causes. River animation is particular difficult in emerging interactive applications like Google Earth or games, which allow users to explore a very large scene and observe rivers at a very small scale or a very large scale at any moment. Controlling the design of water simulations is another hard problem. The goal of this dissertation is to achieve real-time, scalable, and controllable river animation with a detailed and space-time continuous appearance. To achieve this goal, we break down the river animation problem into macro-, meso-, and micro-scale subproblems from coarse to fine. We propose appropriate models for each scale that capture relevant surface details and fluid motion. In the macro-scale, we propose a procedural method that can compute velocities of rivers with curved banks, branchings and islands on the fly. In themeso-scale, we propose an improved featured-based simulationmethod to generate the crests of the quasi-stationary waves that obstaclesmake. We also propose a method for constructing an adaptive and feature-aligned water surface according to the given wave crests. In the micro-scale, we propose the use of wave sprites, a sprite-based texture model, to represent advected details with stationary spectrum properties on flow surfaces. Armed with wave sprites and a dynamic adaptive sampling scheme, we can texture the surface of a very large or even unbounded river with scene-independent performance. In addition, we propose a Lagrangian texture advection method that has other applications beyond river animation. We demonstrate that combining our models in three scales helps us incorporate visually convincing animated rivers into a very large terrain in real-time interactive applications
Diener, Julien. "Acquisition et génération du mouvement de plantes". Grenoble INPG, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPG0080.
Testo completoThe primary goal of my Ph. D. Has been to develop innovative animation techniques for virtual plants. Two main approaches have been explored: the reproduction real motion and real-time simulation. First, I have mixed vision algorithms and user interface in order to extract reliable motion data from videos. An innovative method has then been designed to estimate a valid hierarchical structure of branches using statistical study which is used to retarget the video movement on a wide range of virtual plants. Second, I have developed new animation method that computes the response of plants to interactively controllable wind. The main contribution has been to show that simple approximations of the wind load model leads to a drastic reduction of the run-time computations. The simulation algorithm takes full advantage of the parallel processing capabilities of computer graphics cards allowing the animation of thousand trees in real-time
Benchamma, Mérièm. "Réalisation d'un simulateur d'étude et de faisabilité pour la radiothérapie externe dynamique". Aix-Marseille 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX30013.
Testo completoChen, Haifeng. "Système de simulation de spectres de masse assisté par ordinateur". Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA077143.
Testo completoFarissier, Pierre. "Etude d'un modèle cartographique adapté à la simulation des écoulements en rivières". Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO10278.
Testo completoBonelli, Stéphane. "Contribution à la résolution de problèmes élastoplastiques de mécanique des sols et d'écoulements non saturés par la méthode des éléments finis". Aix-Marseille 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX22038.
Testo completoFiorot, Guilherme Henrique. "On unsteady open-channel flows : a contribution to nonstationary sediment transport in runoff flows and to unstable non-Newtonian mudflow studies". Thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ISAR0020/document.
Testo completoThis thesis was motivated by the need to better understand time-dependent features related to mudflow evolution on natural sloped channels. Basically, the research is focused on events that are confined in channels formed due to the topography. The rain, source of the liquid discharge, generates the runoff flow which is responsible for wetting the soil surface, promoting reduction of soil cohesiveness and erosion of small particles such as clay and sand. From this point, the sediment transport can increase as small water flows merge and form greater streams. The scenario keeps its evolution until i reaches high concentration of particles in the fluid mixture. In the first part, to study the non-permanent feature of sediment transport, an open-channel experiment was designed for simulating runoff flow over a mobile bed. A measurement system was designed and constructed to instantaneously inspect the solid discharge of particles and the flow friction at the bed. This apparatus is further used to explore the influence of free-surface waves on the sediment transport. Hydraulic properties of flows are qualitatively and quantitatively studied and data are used to correlate characteristics of flow and sediment transport. A set of experimental runs is presented and explored. Analysis of results shows that for fixed flow conditions, waves induce an overall smaller quantity of transported sediment. In a second part, the dynamics of high concentrated flows is addressed and this thesis attempts to appl a first-order roll-wave model for Herschel-Bulkley laminar fluid flow to a registered natural event. Results presented point out that roll waves could have occurred during this already published case-study event. Simulations could predict wave heights within 8% on uncertainty with respect to the mea amplitude of measured waves. Finally a new theoretical solution for the velocity profile is proposed taking into account the porosity of the bed. Results are then compared with numerical simulation performed in FLUENT. A parametric analysis is employed and the case-study is once again evaluated. A: general conclusion, the non-permanent phenomena that can appear during the evolution of a mudflow event affect the overall dynamics of the coupled system (hydraulic-sediment transport) in comparison to the steady and uniform case. Verifying that such phenomena could appear should indeed be an important part in hydraulic engineering projects, especially when dealing with lives, which is the case of mud flows
Chaillat, Stéphanie. "Méthode multipôle rapide pour les équations intégrales de frontière en élastodynamique 3-D : application à la propagation d’ondes sismiques". Paris Est, 2008. http://pastel.paristech.org/5233/01/these_chaillat.pdf.
Testo completoSimulating wave propagation in 3D configurations is becoming a very active area of research. The main advantage of the BEM is that only the domain boundaries are discretized. As a result, this method is well suited to dealing with unbounded domains. However, the standard BEM leads to fully-populated matrices, which results in high computational costs in CPU time and memory requirements. The Fast Multipole Method (FMM) has dramatically improved the capabilities of BEMs for many areas of application. In this thesis, the FMM is extended to 3D frequencydomain elastodynamics in homogeneous and piecewise-homogeneous media (using in the latter case a FMM-based BE-BE coupling). Improvements of the present FM-BEM are also presented: preconditioning, reduction of the number of moments, and formulation of a multipole expansion for the half space fundamental solutions. Seismological applications are given for canonical problems and the Grenoble valley case
Reimeringer, Michael. "Une méthodologie et des outils pour concevoir en tenant compte de la simulation". Reims, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009REIMS001.
Testo completoSimulation becomes incontrovertible due to the many advancement made in model, software and material. The use of simulation tools supply many advantages: study of alternative solutions, optimization of product, decrease or disparition of physical prototypes, assessment of manufacturing process, and reduction of cost and delay. Nowadays design is often done without considering subsequent step like simulation. However this step is indispensable
Charentenay, Julien de. "Simulation numérique d'écoulements réactifs instationnaires à faibles nombres de Mach". Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ECAP0724.
Testo completoDubois, Jean-Luc. "L'abstraction fonctionnelle des parties contrôles des circuits pour l'accélération de simulateurs générés : une contribution au développement d'outils de C.A.O. de l'architecture matérielle". Lille 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIL10037.
Testo completoBoyère, Emmanuel. "Contribution à la modélisation numérique thermomécanique tridimensionnelle du forgeage". Paris, ENMP, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ENMP0915.
Testo completoJamme, Stéphane. "Étude de l'interaction entre une turbulence homogène isotrope et une onde de choc". Toulouse, INPT, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPT046H.
Testo completoAlbaki, Rachida. "Contribution à l'étude des propriétés dynamiques des métaux liquides simples par simulation numérique et modèles analytiques". Metz, 2002. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2002/Albaki.Rachida.SMZ0205.pdf.
Testo completoGassenbauer, Václav. "Illumination coherence for ligh transport simulation". Rennes 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REN1S098.
Testo completoLa simulation de la propagation de la lumière dans une scène est une tâche essentielle en synthèse d'images réalistes. Cependant, une simulation correcte de la lumière ainsi que ses différents rebonds dans la scène reste couteuse en temps de calcul. Premièrement, nous proposons l'algorithme de cache de luminance spatial et directionnel SDRC. L'algorithme SDRC tire parti du fait que les variations d'éclairage sont douces sur les surfaces brillantes. L'éclairage en un point de la scène est alors calculé en interpolant l'éclairage indirect connu pour un ensemble d'échantillons de luminance spatialement proches et de directions similaires. Dans la partie suivante, nous présentons un algorithme efficace et précis d'analyse locale en composantes principales LPCA pour réduire la dimension et compresser un grandensemble de données. Pour améliorer l'efficacité de notre nouvel algoritme celui-ci propage les informations issues d'une itération à une itération suivante. En choisissant une meilleure graine initiale pour les centroïdes des clusters dans LPCA, la précision de la méthode est améliorée et produit une meilleure classification des données. Enfin, nous décrivons des travaux en cours de réalisation concernant une méthode de ré-éclairage interactif d'une séquence animée en prenant en compte l'éclairage indirect. Le problème de ré-éclairage est représenté sous la forme d'une grande matrice 3D représentant la propagation de la lumière dans la scène pour plusieurs images de la séquence. Un algorithme adaptatif pré-calcule la propagation de la lumière en exploitant les cohérences potentielles
Zhang, Xiao Hui. "Simulation avancée des circuits micro-ondes". Paris 12, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA120040.
Testo completoVettorel, Thomas. "Polymer crystallization studies by computer simulation". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2005/VETTOREL_Thomas_2005.pdf.
Testo completoSemi-crystalline polymers are of great interest for industrial purposes, and the complex structures they involve as well as the mechanisms leading to the formation of crystals make their study very challenging. We investigated polymer crystallization by computer simulation via different methods: An atomisticly detailed model was used to reproduce the crystalline structure of short alkanes at low temperature, and continuous heating simulations gave rise to a transient phase that is well characterized in experiments. The same realistic model was used to simulate continuous cooling of the melt, but could not yield crystalline structures in a limited simulation time. In order to reproduce efficiently the characteristic features of semi-crystalline polymers, we used another simulation model which addresses larger length and time scales: This coarse-grained model allowed us to study the crystallization phenomenon in detail with several order parameters to characterize the crystal and its time evolution. The detailed study of the structure factors of the high-temperature melt has also been investigated so as to determine the influence of the liquid phase structure on crystal formation. These different studies yield a better understanding of the influence on crystallization of the various parameters entering the definitions of the simulation models
Brocail, Julien. "Analyse expérimentale et numérique du contact à l'interface outil-copeau lors de l'usinage à grande vitesse des métaux". Valenciennes, 2009. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/6c282378-ea86-4bf0-8c06-48498e37e0da.
Testo completoThe study relates to the characterization of the tool-chip interface during the high-speed machining of metals. The existing numerical approaches do not generate good correlations of the process variables, such as the cutting forces and the shape of the chip. Recent studies show that the determination of an interfacial law according to the contact parameters (contact pressure, sliding velocity and interfacial temperature) is necessary to describe more precisely the process parameters. Experiments were carried out on the upsetting sliding test that reproduces the mechanics and thermals contact conditions of the HSM process at the tool tip. This specific device has been adapted and the antagonists have been modified for this study. A friction law according to the contact pressure, the sliding velocity, and the interfacial temperature was defined for the tribological system AISI 1045 steel / uncoated carbide. This law implemented in a numerical model of orthogonal cutting (developed in Abaqus) offers interesting improvements
Mohamed, Kamel. "Simulation numérique en volume finis, de problèmes d'écoulements multidimensionnels raides, par un schéma de flux à deux pas". Paris 13, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA132020.
Testo completoThis thesis is devoted to the numerical simulation of stiff fluid flows, governed by sys¬tems of conservation laws with source terms (non homogeneous systems). Both one dimensional and two-dimensional configurations are considered. The numerical method used is an extension of the two steps flux scheme (SRNH), which depends on a local adjustable parameter aj+i and which has been proposed by professor F. Benkhaldoun in the one dimensional framework. In a first part of the work, aiming to extend the scheme to the two-dimensional case, we introduce an alternative scheme (SRNHR), which is obtained from SRNH by replacing the numerical velocity, by the local physical Rusanov velocity. Thereafter, the stability analysis of the scheme, shows that the new scheme can be of order 1 or 2 according to the value of the parameter 0j+1. A strategy of variation of this parameter, based on limiters theory was then adopted. The scheme can thus be turned to order 1 in the regions where the flow has a strong variation, and to order 2 in the regions where the flow is regular. After this step, we established the conditions so that this scheme respects the exact C-property introduced by Bermudez and Vazquez. A study of boundary conditions, adapted to this kind of two steps schemes, has also been carried out using the Riemann invariants. In the second part of the thesis, we applied this new scheme to homogeneous and non¬homogeneous monophasic systems. For example, we performed the numerical simulation of shallow water phenomena with bottom topography in both one and two dimensions. We also carried out a numerical convergence study by plotting the error curves. Finally, we used the scheme for the numerical simulation of two phase flow models (Ransom ID and 2D)
Dridi, Samia. "Essais de caractérisation des structures tissées". Lyon, INSA, 2010. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2010ISAL0041/these.pdf.
Testo completoIn this work, we interested to the study and the modelling of mechanical behaviour of weave structure. We begin by presenting the properties of tested materials thanks to tests of characterization. An experimental data base is established to analyze the mechanical behaviour of fabric under some solicitations, in particular the shear, using the technique of digital image correlation. Then, by adopting a hyperelastic approach, a simplified model is developed allowing to study numerically the influence of the report of tensile and shearing rigidities on the mechanical behaviour of woven fabric, further to an extension in 45. Finally, by basing on phenomenological approach, a hyperelastic behaviour law is proposed. This model is implanted in a routine Vumat. It is identified from the tensile and the shearing tests and validated by certain cases of composite reinforcement forming
Barrero, Daniel. "Simulation et visualisation de phénomènes naturels pour la synthèse d'images". Toulouse 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU30001.
Testo completoGuilminot, Virginie. "La synthèse d'image animée : au-delà d'une simulation réaliste". Paris 8, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA081159.
Testo completoA majority of 3d films and computer graphics respect a realistic aesthetic. On one hand, I will analyse why such totally made images initiate a film or reality and on the other hand, I will try to offer alternativity in order to create an other aesthetic, not being realistic. Softwares need numerous scientific formulas, therefore the author, while manipuling it, will be the main actor to change the situation. This is the main point. Realism exists in every 3d application, such as research, tv, cinema, fiction, school and even often in creation. A few artists managed to escape from realism, i. E. : Joan Stavely, Tamas Waliczky or Michel Bret. Each has its own way of working but they all aim at the same: not to reach realistic simulation. I agree on this point and illustrate my thinking, I made three 3d films with more sensitivity than technical challenge. It is possible to avoid the trap of realism. Indeed, by manipulating and divert the software, one can obtain different 3d computer graphics. Step by step, a new approach to handle and to develop tools apears, and thanks to this, authors can create films other than realistic.
Nguegang, Bertrand Vidal. "Contribution à la simulation numérique du couplage thermomécanique en grandes déformations : Application à la simulation en mise en forme des structures volumiques". Dijon, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996DIJOS022.
Testo completoCorvisier, Philippe. "Ecoulement de fluides thixotropes dans des conduites droites ou présentant des singularités". Nancy 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NAN10188.
Testo completoThe aim of this study is to put the focus on the interaction between the reorganization of the internal structure of a thixotropic fluid and the velocity field. Three cases were considered : a flow in a straight pipe, an entry flow and a start up flow. Velocity profiles were measured by particle image velocimetry (PIV). A flatness of velocity profiles, large vortex zones and a plug flow were observed. Then, a rheological study was conducted. It shows that a modified Quemada model with a fractional kinetic for the structural parameter l could be used. Moreover, to have a better understanding of the observed phenomenon in the pipe and to generalize the results, numerical simulations were performed. The finite volume code Fluent 4. 5 was adapted to deal with thixotropy by adding user defined subroutines. A good agreement between numerical and experimental results was observed. Moreover, the flow development was investigated by the analysis of the structural field
Rohani, Seyed Yahya. "Simulation numérique du comportement des matériaux granulaires". Metz, 1995. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1995/Rohani.Seyed_Yahya.SMZ9541.pdf.
Testo completoThe theory of continuous media is not sufficient to explain the behaviour of granular materials, so it is necessary to consider the discrete nature of such media. A method that answers such questions is the distinc element method. The numerical simulation of the behaviour of Schneebeli analogical material (2D) and of granular materials (3D) is done by the distinct element method and by using the trubal program in order to reproduce numerically, certain experimental tests of the characterization of granular materials. The biaxial compression test and the simple shear test are done with rolls of PVC and glass and the trixial test is simulated with glass balls. The experimental results validate the method used and enable us to obtain the characteristic parameters of materials by different kinds of loading. The exploitation of numerical results highlights the fundamental role of the intergrain friction and the material density in order to characterize the granular media, enabling the analysis of the phenomenon of dilatance, localization and shear band. Finally, we applied this study to the behaviour of granular materials under push and trust effects, and in the case of ensiled materials
Zhang, Cun-Xiao. "Simulation numerique d'ecoulement turbulents autour d'un obstacle". Nantes, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NANT2061.
Testo completoKoval, Junior Georg. "Comportement d’interface des matériaux granulaires". Paris Est, 2008. http://pastel.paristech.org/4192/01/KOVAL.pdf.
Testo completoIn this thesis, we analyze the interface behavior of granular materials, and particularly the phenomenon of shear strain localization in the vicinity of a wall. Using an annular geometry with imposed shear velocity and confining pressure, we compare experimental and numerical approaches to describe this behavior. The experimental approach is composed of experiments with model materials in two annular simple shear devices (ACSA and mini-ACSA). We connect measurements of shear strain of the granular medium, obtained by correlation imaging velocimetry (ACSA) and by magnetic resonance imaging (mini-ACSA) to global measurements of the stress and volume variations. The numerical approach consists of two-dimensional discrete simulations (molecular dynamics). We study the influence of the geometry and the surface roughness on the behavior of the granular interfaces. In simulation, we complete the study with the analysis of inertial effects
Lhuillier, Emmanuel. "Transports electronique dans les super-réseaux : applications aux détecteurs infrarouges à grandes longueur d'onde". Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/52/86/65/PDF/THESE_EL.pdf.
Testo completoThe low flux infrared imaging needs performant high wavelength detectors. Quantum Well Infrared Photodetectors (QWIP), thanks to the maturity of GaAs, the possibility to adjust the detected wavelength on a large range and to realize large uniform matrix are good candidate for such applications. In order to validate this interest, we have performed an electro-optic characterization of a 15µm sample. These measurements have been used to simulate the performance of a camera based on this QWIP and used in a low infrared photons flux scenario. We predict that this QWIP would succeed. Nevertheless these simulations also underline the detrimental role of the dark current. Thus we have developed a simulation tool based on a hoping approach between localized states, which provide us a better understanding of the transport in these heterostructures. The code has in particular underlines the role plays by the electron –ionized impurities interaction, which make the dark current very sensitive to the doping profile. Using this tool we have designed new structures, with optimized doping profile, in which the scattering rate has been decreased by a factor two. Moreover we have identified a quantum origin to the plateau shape of the I(V) curve. This code is more generally a useful simulation tool for the transport in hétérostructures. The influence of growth defects (non ideal interface and disorder) has been quantized and we have performed the first evaluation of The R0A in a THz QCD. Finally non local transport effects have been investigated. Saw teeth observation on the I(V) curves have been modeled and their influence on the detectivty estimated