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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Bones – Diseases"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 30 luglio 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Bones – Diseases"

Ilnicka, Lidia. "Bones and diseases in prehistory". Mankind Quarterly 35, n. 4 (1995): 295–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.46469/mq.1995.35.4.1.

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Reid, R. P. "Diseases of Bones and Joints." Histopathology 25, n. 6 (dicembre 1994): 593–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2559.1994.tb01382.x.

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McCarthy, Edward F. "Genetic diseases of bones and joints". Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology 28, n. 1 (febbraio 2011): 26–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.semdp.2011.01.004.

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Key, J. Albert. "THE CLASSIC: Diseases of Bones and Joints". Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research 461 (agosto 2007): 4–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/blo.0b013e318123ebdd.

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DiCarlo, Edward F., e Leonard B. Kahn. "Inflammatory diseases of the bones and joints". Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology 28, n. 1 (febbraio 2011): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.semdp.2011.02.012.

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Alawi, Faizan. "Benign Fibro-osseous Diseases of the Maxillofacial Bones". Pathology Patterns Reviews 118, suppl_1 (1 dicembre 2002): S50—S70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1309/nuxa-jut9-ha09-wkmv.

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Lecturer, Senior, Chaya M. David e Keerthi G. "Radiographic manifestations of systemic diseases in jaw bones: A systematic review". Asian Pacific Journal of Health Sciences 1, n. 2 (aprile 2014): 120–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/apjhs.2014.1.2.15.

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de Sire, Alessandro, Elisabetta Ferraro e Massimiliano Leigheb. "Advance in the Diagnostics and Management of Musculoskeletal Diseases". Diagnostics 12, n. 7 (29 giugno 2022): 1588. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12071588.

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Ochkurenko, A. A., e Kh Kh Molov. "Benign Tumors, TumorLike and Inflammatory Diseases of Wrist Bones". N.N. Priorov Journal of Traumatology and Orthopedics 19, n. 3 (15 settembre 2012): 80–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/vto20120380-86.

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Das, Ravikant, Vibha Dhruw, Singh A e Srivastava P. "MANAGEMENT OF DISEASES OF LONG BONES WITH KUNTSCHER NAILS". Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 4, n. 54 (6 luglio 2015): 9500–9506. http://dx.doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2015/1374.

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Tesi sul tema "Bones – Diseases"

Cheng, Tak Sum. "Molecular identification and characterization of novel osteoclast V-ATPase subunits". University of Western Australia. School of Surgery and Pathology, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0068.

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[Truncated abstract] Osteoclasts are multinucleated giant cells responsible for the resorption of the mineralized bone matrix during the process of bone remodelling. During activation towards bone resorption, polarization of the osteoclast results in the formation of a unique plasma membrane, the ruffled border, the actual resorptive organelle of the osteoclast. Through this domain protons are actively pumped into the resorption lacuna creating an acidic microenvironment that favours the dissolution of the mineralized bone matrix. The polarised secretion of protons is carried out by the action of the vacuolar-type (H+)-ATPase (V-ATPase), composed of functionally and structurally distinct subunits of the V1 and V0 domains. The general structure of the V-ATPase complex is highly conserved from yeast to mammals, however, multiple isoforms for specific V-ATPase subunits do exist exhibiting differential subcellular, cellular and tissue-specific localizations. This study focuses on the molecular identification and characterization of V-ATPase accessory subunit Ac45 and the d2 isoform of the V0 domain d subunit in osteoclasts. Using the techniques of cDNA Subtractive Hybridization and DNA Micro-Array analyses respectively, the accessory subunit Ac45 and the d2 isoform of the V0 domain d subunit were identified in RAW264.7-cells derived OcLs. ... Using web-based computational predictions, two possible transmembrane domains, an N-terminus 'signal anchor' sequence and a C-terminus dilysine- like endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention signal were identified. By confocal microscopy, EYFP-tagged e was found to localize to the perinuclear region of transfected COS-7 cells in compartments representing the ER and Golgi apparatus with some localization in late endosomal/lysosomal-like vesicles. ER truncation of e did not alter its subcellular localization but exhibited significantly weaker association with Ac45 compared to the wild-type as depicted by BRET analyses. Association with the other V0 subunits remain unaffected. This may hint at a possibility that Ac45 may play a role in the masking of the ER signal of e following it's incorporation into the V0 domain. Although no solid evidence for a role in the assembly of the mammalian VATPase have been established, subunit e still represents a potential candidate whose role in the V-ATPase complex requires further investigation. Collectively, the data presented in this thesis has provided further insight into the composition of the osteoclast V-ATPase proton pump by: 1) identifying an accessory subunit, Ac45 which shows promise as a potential candidate for the regulation and/or targeting of the V-ATPase complex in osteoclasts and truncation of its targeting signal impairs osteoclastic bone resorption; 2) identification and preliminary characterization of the d2 isoform of the V0 domain d subunit whose exact role in the V-ATPase complex and in osteoclasts remains to be determined, although its has been implicated to be essential for osteoclastic function; and 3) Preliminary characterization of subunit-e, a potential assembly factor candidate for the mammalian V-ATPase V0 domain.

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Van, Greunen Francois. "Microcomputer-assisted diagnosis of inherited disorders of the skeleton". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25754.

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Several hundred inherited disorders of the skeleton have been delineated. Individually these conditions are rare, but as a group they cause much crippling and hardship. Several factors, including the rarity and complexity of the manifestations of these conditions, as well as semantic overlap, impede the accurate diagnosis which is essential for effective treatment. In this regard, the adoption of microcomputers warrants evaluation as a high technology aid. Microcomputers have developed tremendous capabilities during recent years. The state of the art has become such that a diagnostic aid facility on such a device has been demonstrated in various disciplines of medicine and may also be feasible in the area of inherited skeletal disorders. The study which forms the basis of this thesis, concerns the investigation of this feasibility and has led to the development of an effective working model which sets the basis for microcomputer-aided diagnosis. The design features followed in this project are similar to those conventionally employed for "Expert systems" on mainframe computers. A comprehensive knowledge base consisting of over 200 skeletal disorders and 700 radiographic and clinical manifestations, has resulted. Furthermore, the application is capable of "learning", although inference as employed by the inference engines of real expert systems, is not employed. In this context learning implies that the knowledge base, with the passage of time, improves considerably when used by experts. Serendipitous findings in this regard are: • 1) Considerable improvement of existing profile descriptions can occur without any increased demands on computer memory and storage space; • 2) Growth of the knowledge base in the form of additional disease profiles can be effected with very modest inroads on memory and storage resources. The computerized diagnostic aid which resulted from this thesis, has been demonstrated to be successful in both the Department of Human Genetics of the University of Cape Town and the Department of Paediatrics of the Johannes Gutenberg University in Mainz. Evaluated both in terms of efficiency and utility, the system provides an enhancement to the specialist genetic diagnostician. These achievements have been effected by means of a unique newly developed application of compressed bit-mapping, attained by writing the applicable programs in Turbo Pascal and 8086- assembler languages. Calculations indicate that much larger data bases may possibly be implemented on present-day microcomputers by means of the methods developed in this project.

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Foster, Bruce Kristian. "Epiphyseal plate repair using fat interposition to reverse physeal deformity : an experimental study". Title page, contents and summary only, 1989. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09MD/09mdf754.pdf.

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Bibliography: leaves 169-197. Hypothesises that the physis has an internal mechanism of repair to restore physeal function. Aims to establish a defined degree of deformity by partial growth plate excision, then to examine different methods of reversal of such deformity to observe the process of growth plate repair. A secondary aim was to define the percentage of physis that could be resected yet still enable reversal of deformity.

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Albogami, Mohammed Mater. "Bone loss in osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis diseases : the effects of disease mechanisms, age, gender and ethnic origin on responsiveness to treatment". Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2014. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/8901.

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Bone makes up a framework that provides protection for internal body organs. The homeostasis of bone is maintained by a balanced process involving old bone degradation and new bone formation. However, this balance can be altered in pathophysiological conditions such as in postmenopausal osteoporosis and in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In recent years, new therapies have been developed to reduce bone resorption. However, there is disparity in patients’ response to these therapies. The reasons are unclear although age, gender, ethnic background and lifestyle have all been suggested to play a part. For patients with chronic inflammatory conditions, treatment was revolutionised by the discovery and application of biologic therapies that target pro-inflammatory proteins and/or pathways. However, whilst the anti-inflammatory effect of these biologic agents is well-established, their effect on bone loss is just emerging. In RA, it is not clear whether the beneficial anti-inflammatory effects of biologic anti-tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) agents are accompanied by parallel improvements in bone erosion/density, whether there are differences between patient groups and what factors influence the response. In order to address these issues, a database on the factors that influence responsiveness of patients with osteoporosis to bisphosphonates, a treatment that suppresses bone resorption, was established. Based on the outcome of this study, the influence of the key factor(s) that affect bone response to treatment in combination with excess pro-inflammatory cytokine production on bone response in RA patients was determined. Significant improvement in bone mineral density (BMD) and plasma levels of bone biomarkers has been shown in this study with biologic anti-TNFα agents. The improvement in BMD was not always consistent with improvement the clinical response to treatment as assessed by changes in disease activity score 28(DAS28). The study also provides a mechanistic explanation for how blockade of TNFα in patients can reverse the balance of bone loss in patients with RA. Thus, the data show that treatment of patients with biologic anti-TNFα agents reduces the number of osteoclast precursors (OCs) in the blood.

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Whitton, Robert Christopher. "Carpal disease in racing horses". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1997. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/26702.

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Thirteen Standardbred horses were trained on a treadmill for 31 weeks as part of a larger study into the effects of overtraining. Synovial fluid was collected from the midcarpal joint at the start, and at seven, 15, 21, 26 and 30 weeks of training. Low grade signs of midcarpal joint disease developed in all horses during the last 16 weeks of the program. Synovial fluid leukocyte counts remained unchanged throughout the study, whereas total protein concentration and lactate dehydrogenase activity increased significantly with training. Sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAGs) levels increased initially, but then decreased. Correlations between the clinical signs of joint disease and sulfated GAG levels were weak. Synovial fluid sulfated GAGs were compared with other diagnostic variables for predicting the degree of articular cartilage damage in horses with midcarpal joint disease. Interpretation of radiographs was found to be the most accurate for the prediction of articular damage. Synovial fluid analysis was found to be of little value. There was no correlation between sulfated GAG concentration and articular cartilage damage, and no significant difference between sulfated GAG concentrations from horses with clinical evidence of joint disease and horses with no signs of joint disease trained on a treadmill. Anatomical dissections of the midcarpal joint were performed on ten cadavers. The medial palmar intercarpal ligament (MPICL) was found to consist of four fibre bundles. The predominant orientation of these was proximodorsal to distopalmar. The lateral palmar intercarpal (LPICL) and dorsomedial intercarpal (DMICL) ligaments had a similar orientation but were simpler in structure. The alignment of these ligaments suggested that they resisted transverse forces across the midcarpal joint. Using a dorsal transverse displacement of 1.5 mm of the proximal row of carpal bones relative to the distal row of carpal bones, it was demonstrated that the palmar intercarpal ligaments provided 22.7% of the restraining force while only contributing 9% of the ligamentous cross sectional area. A study of 32 racing horses presented with midcarpal joint disease confirmed the high frequency of MPICL tearing (51%). Enlargement of the DMICL was also common (33%). There was no correlation between the severity of signs of midcarpal joint disease and the severity of MPICL tearing. An inverse relationship was demonstrated between subchondral bone damage within the midcarpal joint, and MPICL tearing (R=-0.55). There was no association between DMICL enlargement and osteochondral damage. A postmortem study of 142 joints of horses with no history of midcarpal joint disease demonstrated that the frequency of MPICL tearing in racing horses was 91%. Severity of tearing of the MPICL increased significantly with age. Histopathological evidence of degeneration (loss of organisation of collagen fibres) was consistently observed in MPICLs of adult horses. These changes were not observed in unborn term foals, but were present from one month of age. Enlarged DMICLs had regular collagen arrangement, but discrete areas of fibrovascular infiltration were consistently observed. The race records of 42 horses undergoing midcarpal joint carpal arthroscopy were examined. Using multiple regression the extent of subchondral bone damage was the best predictor of postoperative performance. The addition of the grade of MPICL tearing significantly improved the prediction of postoperative performance, whereas the inclusion of the extent of articular cartilage damage had no effect.

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Karunaratne, Malintha P. Angelo. "Analysis of alterations in matrix quality at nanoscale in metabolic bone diseases using synchrotron X-ray diffraction". Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2013. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/8490.

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Bone diseases such as osteoporosis and rickets cause significant reduction in bone quantity and quality, leading to mechanical abnormalities. While the reduction of bone quantity can be assessed using clinical tools like DXA and pQCT, there is little quantitative knowledge of how altered bone quality in diseased bone increases fracture risk. There is a clear need to develop high-resolution diagnostic techniques to close the gap between onset of fracture relevant changes and diagnosis. Here, a functional imaging technique (in situ synchrotron X-ray imaging with micromechanics) was developed to measure alterations in fibrillar deformation mechanisms in rickets, glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP), and premature ageing. During applied loading, percentage shifts in Bragg peak positions arising from the meridional collagen stagger, measured from the small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) patterns, give fibrillar level strain as a function of applied stress in real time. To link nanostructural changes to altered fracture risk and deformability, well defined animal (mouse) models created via N-ethylnitrosurea mutagenesis were used. The fibril modulus, maximum fibril strain and fibril-to-tissue strain ratio were determined, complemented by quantitative backscattered scanning electron microscopy and microcomputed tomography to measure microscale mineralisation. A significant reduction of fibril modulus and enhancement of maximum fibril strain was found in rickets and GIOP mice. A significantly larger fibril strain/tissue strain ratio was found in GIOP mice compared to wild-type mice, indicative of a lowered mechanical competence at the bone matrix level. The effects of altered in vivo muscular force distributions on the skeletal system in rickets were measured using position resolved scanning SAXS. Increase of mineral nanoplatelet alignment is observed in wild-type mice near zones of large in-vivo muscle force but not in rachitic mice. These results demonstrate the ability of synchrotron-based in situ X-ray nanomechanical imaging to identify functional alterations in nanoscale bone quality in metabolic bone diseases.

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Almasabi, Abeer. "Determination of Hydroxyproline in Bone Collagen: Potential Application as a Biomarker for Bone Diseases". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/38420.

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Hydroxyproline (Hyp), a non-proteinogenic amino acid is a component of the organic material in bone. It has been used for 14C-dating of bone and the measurement of Hyp could be used as a biomarker in bone metabolism. Hydroxyproline is a component of collagen, the main structural protein in bone. The analyses of 14C in collagen and Hyp in human bones may provide timing information about bone processes and diseases, such as osteoarthritis and osteoporosis. The analysis of Hyp in bones (e.g., the determination of Hyp content) primarily relies on a spectrometric technique, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and the determination of 14C content requires accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). Moreover, to obtain these materials from bone requires the successful extraction of collagen and thr separation of Hyp from the collagen. This study aims at comparing methods for extracting collagen from bone, which do not destroy the Hyp. These methods include the use of either NaOH, KOH or HCl in one stage of the extraction process and separating sufficient Hyp for 14C analysis. This will provide information to determine whether Hyp can be used as a biomarker for bone diseases like osteoarthritis and osteoporosis. A preliminary 14C AMS analysis on collagen extracted by the NaOH method was carried out on human bones previously analyzed for forensic purposes. This demonstrated the ability of this technique to provide recent (post 1950) timing information. The collagen extractions by three different methods were first conducted on modern chicken bone, and the results showed that KOH method is the best bone collagen extraction method, yielding a largest quantity of Hyp. The KOH method was then employed to extract collagen from cow bone as a test of a more human-like (mammalian) material. As this was successful, collagen was extracted from diseased human bone fragments, obtained from the Ottawa Hospital. The data revealed that Hyp was successfully obtained from these bones. The study demonstrates that the extraction as well as the separation methods (preparative HPLC) can provide sufficient Hyp from bones for 14C AMS analysis. This will lead to future studies of Hyp in bone turnover, which may lead to its use as a novel biomarker for bone diseases such as osteoarthritis and osteoporosis.

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Liang, Chao. "Aptamer-functionalized lipid nanoparticles targeting osteoblasts as a novel RNA Interference-based bone anabolic strategy". HKBU Institutional Repository, 2016. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/325.

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Osteoporosis remain major clinical challenges. RNA interference (RNAi) provides a promising approach for promoting osteoblastic bone formation to settle the challenges. However, the major bottleneck for translating RNAi with efficacy and safety to clinical bone anabolic strategy is lack of osteoblast-specific delivery systems for osteogenic siRNAs. Previously, we developed a targeting system involving DOTAP-based cationic liposomes attached to oligopeptides (AspSerSer)6, (also known as (DSS)6), which had good affinity for bone formation surface. Using this system, osteogenic Pleckstrin Homology Domain Containing, Family O Member 1 (Plekho1) siRNA could be specifically delivered to bone formation surface at tissue level and promoted bone formation in osteopenic rodents. However, concerns still exist regarding indirect osteoblast-specific delivery, detrimental retention in hepatocytes, mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS)-induced dose reduction and inefficient nanoparticle extravasation. Aptamers, selected by cell-based Systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (cell-SELEX), are single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) or RNA which binds to target cells specifically by distinct tertiary structures. By performing positive selection with osteoblasts and negative selection with hepatocytes and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), we aimed to screen an aptamer that could achieve direct osteoblast-specific delivery and minimal hepatocyte and PBMCs accumulation of Plekho1 siRNAs. In addition, lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have been widely used as nanomaterials encapsulating siRNA due to their small particle size below 90 nm. Polyethylene glycol¡(PEG) as the mostly used hydrophilic polymer, could efficiently prevent LNPs from MPS uptake. So, LNPs with PEG shielding could serve as siRNA carriers to realize efficient extravasation from fenestrated capillaries to osteoblasts and help reduce MPS uptake of the siRNAs. Recently, we screened an aptamer (CH6) by cell-SELEX specifically targeting both rat and human osteoblasts and developed the aptamer-functionalized LNPs encapsulating osteogenic Plekho1 siRNA, i.e., CH6-LNPs-siRNA. Our results demonstrated that CH6-LNPs-siRNA had an average particle size below 90 nm and no significant cytotoxicity in vitro. CH6 aptamer facilitated osteoblast-selective uptake of Plekho1 siRNA and gene silencing in vitro. In this study, we further found that CH6 aptamer facilitated the bone-specific distribution of siRNA by biophotonic imaging and quantitative analysis. Immunohistochemistry results showed that CH6 achieved in vivo osteoblast-specific delivery of Plekho1 siRNA. Dose-response experiment indicated that CH6-LNPs-siRNA achieved almost 80% gene knockdown at the siRNA dose of 1.0 mg/kg and maintained 12 days for over 50% gene silencing. microCT, bone histomorphometry and mechanical testing confirmed that CH6 facilitated bone formation, leading to improved bone micro-architecture, increased bone mass and enhanced mechanical properties in osteoporotic rodents. Furthermore, CH6-LNPs-siRNA achieved better bone anabolic action when compared to the previously developed (AspSerSer)6-liposome-siRNA. There was no obvious toxicity in rats injected with CH6-LNPs-siRNA. All these results indicated that osteoblast-specific aptamer-functionalized LNPs could act as a novel RNAi-based bone anabolic strategy and advance selectivity of targeted delivery for osteogenic siRNAs from tissue level toward cellular level. In addition, the generation of ssDNA from double-stranded PCR products is an essential step in selection of aptamers in SELEX. We found that the size separation derived from unequal primers with chemical modification could be a satisfactory alternative to the classic magnetic separation.

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Vasseleu, Cathryn. "Cleidocranial dysplastic mutant in the mouse : dental findings". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1986. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/26032.

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Cleidocranial dysplasia is a genetic disorder which affects not only processes of osteogenesis, but also processes of tooth eruption, tooth induction, and craniofacial growth. These last three complications make the condition one which may interest those working in the fields of oral and craniofacial biology. The condition is neither life-threatening nor incapacitating. However, elucidation of the pathological process which it embodies may provide valuable insights into the normal mechanisms of tooth eruption, tooth induction and craniofacial growth, each of which remains a largely unsolved puzzle. The discovery of a mouse mutant which appears to have a genetic disorder homologous to the condition found in humans may provide scientists with an opportunity to study aspects of the disorder in a detailed manner which might otherwise be impossible. The extent to which the condition affects craniofacial growth and the dentition of the Ccd mutant has not been investigated, but if such processes are similarly affected in both mice and humans, then elucidation of these in the House may assist scientists not only in achieving an understanding of human Cleidocranial dysplasia, but may also help with the unravelling of normal mechanisms of craniofacial and dental development.

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Björnsdóttir, Sigrídur. "Bone spavin in Icelandic horses : aspects of predisposition, pathogenesis and prognosis /". Uppsala : Dept. of Clinical Radiology, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences ([Institutionen för klinisk radiologi], Sveriges lantbruksuniv, 2002. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2002/91-576-6382-3.pdf.

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Libri sul tema "Bones – Diseases"

H, Glorieux Francis, Pettifor John M e Jüppner Harald, a cura di. Pediatric bone: Biology and diseases. Amsterdam: Academic Press, 2003.

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R, Salisbury Jonathan, Woods C. G e Byers Paul D, a cura di. Diseases of bones and joints. London: Chapman & Hall Medical, 1994.

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Gunn, Christine. Bones and joints: A guide for students. 2^a ed. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1992.

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Gunn, Christine. Bones and joints: A guide for students. 3^a ed. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1996.

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1941-, Hall Brian Keith, a cura di. Bone. Caldwell, N.J: Telford Press, 1990.

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1938-, Dalinka Murray K., e Karasick David, a cura di. Edeiken's roentgen diagnosis of diseases of bone. 4^a ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1989.

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Greenfield, George B. Radiology of bone diseases. 5^a ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1990.

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S, Tam Cherk, Heersche Johannes N. M e Murray Timothy M, a cura di. Metabolic bone disease: Cellular and tissue mechanisms. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press, 1988.

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1949-, Wold Lester E., a cura di. Atlas of orthopedic pathology. 3^a ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders/Elsevier, 2008.

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J, Rosen Clifford, e American Society for Bone and Mineral Research., a cura di. Primer on the metabolic bone diseases and disorders of mineral metabolism. 7^a ed. Washington, D.C: American Society for Bone and Mineral Research, 2009.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Bones – Diseases"

Adler, Claus-Peter. "Bones and Bone Tissue". In Bone Diseases, 1–11. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04088-1_1.

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Abdulkhaliq, Altaf. "Bones and Rheumatology". In Skills in Rheumatology, 209–39. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8323-0_10.

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AbstractBone is a target tissue in many inflammatory diseases including rheumatic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and psoriatic arthritis.

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van der Waal, Isaäc. "Diseases of the Jaw Bones". In Atlas of Oral Diseases, 131–78. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48122-6_7.

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Revell, Peter A. "Diseases of Bones and Joints". In Paediatric Pathology, 467–509. London: Springer London, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-3337-7_9.

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Slootweg, Pieter. "Non-neoplastic Diseases". In Pathology of the Maxillofacial Bones, 1–10. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16961-3_1.

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Rahman, Najib M. "Pleural effusion and abnormal bones". In Challenging Cases in Pleural Diseases, 101–6. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003081630-16.

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Freyschmidt, Jürgen, e Gisela Freyschmidt. "Collagen Diseases". In SKIBO-Diseases Disorders Affecting the Skin and Bones, 61–75. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59867-8_3.

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Freyschmidt, Jürgen, e Gisela Freyschmidt. "Infectious Diseases". In SKIBO-Diseases Disorders Affecting the Skin and Bones, 131–42. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59867-8_5.

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Freyschmidt, Jürgen, e Gisela Freyschmidt. "Other Diseases". In SKIBO-Diseases Disorders Affecting the Skin and Bones, 191–202. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59867-8_9.

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Slootweg, Pieter. "Diseases of the Temporomandibular Joint". In Pathology of the Maxillofacial Bones, 235–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16961-3_12.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Bones – Diseases"

Ramos-Homs, Amy. "Synthesis of Bone Scaffold for Pediatric Bone Defects Using 3D Printing". In MME Undergraduate Research Symposium. Florida International University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.25148/mmeurs.010560.

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Pediatric bone defects, requiring surgical interventions and implants, include malignant and nonmalignant bone tumors and trauma fractures. Malignant bone tumors (MBT), such as Osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma, are aggressive primary cancers that affect growing adolescent bones (10- to 19-year-olds) and require complex reconstruction due to large bone excision during surgical interventions. Pediatric bone fractures requiring surgical interventions peak in 10- to 14-year-olds and are a major public health concern in the US with an impact on patients, parents, and healthcare costs of approx. 350 billion. These diseases require bone tissue replacement in changing bones. Bone reconstruction and medical implant design for growing pediatric bones have unique challenges due to active growth and there is a greater need for active, resorbable, and patient-specific implants to prevent growth impediments. The current available pediatric implant is limited in addressing these needs and is primarily addressed by static metallic implants designed for adults. We plan to work towards the design and synthesis of a bone scaffold by modifying a CAD model considering the size of the porosity in the structure of the pediatric bone. This modified model will be 3D printed and subjected to tests to evaluate the strength and composition of the scaffold. Afterwards, the scaffold is used for cell culture in hopes of eliciting cellular response for bone formation and cell regeneration, since a key factor to assess is whether the scaffold will grow with the bone, or the bone will grow with the scaffold. This is done to support the attachment of cells on the surface of the bone to actively support bone modeling processes under structural changes of growing bones.

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Yao, Hang, e Wei Tong. "Microstructure-Based Modeling of Ti-6Al-4V Lattice Structures and Trabecular Bone". In ASME 2010 First Global Congress on NanoEngineering for Medicine and Biology. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nemb2010-13347.

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Knowledge of mechanical properties of bones is important for the designing of bone replacements and implants as well as the research of bone diseases such as osteoporosis. However, bone, especially trabecular bone, is a highly anisotropic and heterogeneous living tissue. Micro-computed-tomography (micro-CT) and three-dimensional ultrasound imaging techniques are valuable tools for nondestructive investigation of three-dimensional trabecular bone architecture. From a reconstruction of trabecular bone, a numerical model such as finite element (FE) model can be generated. Using this FE model to simulate compression test, and comparing the simulation results to the results from real mechanical test of the same specimen, the relationship between the observed mechanical behaviors and the microstructure can be established.

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Zvaifler, N. "SP0087 Tissue engineering and stem cell biology: development of bones, joints and synovium". In Annual European Congress of Rheumatology, Annals of the rheumatic diseases ARD July 2001. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and European League Against Rheumatism, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2001.34.

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Wagner, Hallie, Dawn Lowe e Victor Barocas. "Reduced Compliance in Patellar Tendons From a Mouse Model of Muscular Dystrophy". In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80762.

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Muscular dystrophies are degenerative diseases that affect primarily skeletal muscles. Most studies of muscular dystrophy focus on muscles, but tendons are an important part of the musculotendon complex that transmits forces from muscles to bones. As the disease progresses, tendon shortening occurs, and some patients require tendon release or cord lengthening surgery to increase tendon length [1]. Despite the prevalence of these surgeries, very little is known about the mechanical properties of tendons in muscular dystrophy patients, or how they change as the tendon remodels or compensate in response to muscle degeneration.

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Ortega, A. M., T. A. Bateman, E. W. Livingston, R. C. Paietta, S. M. Gonzalez, L. S. Stodieck e V. L. Ferguson. "Spaceflight Related Changes in Structure and Strength of Mouse Trabecular and Cortical Bone From the STS-118 Space Shuttle Mission". In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14785.

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Rapid bone loss during spaceflight is a well-established and continuing medical issue for astronauts. It has been reported that astronauts have displayed bone loss at rates of up to 2.7%/month in weight-bearing bones, or about 6 times that of post-menopausal women [1]. Rodent models have provided a means to further our understanding of the effects of microgravity on bone quality, both from studies in which rodents have flown aboard space missions and those in which weightlessness is simulated on earth through musculoskeletal unloading [2]. Such studies have the potential to not only further our understanding of the cause of decreased bone integrity in space, but also provide an accelerated model for the study of osteo-degenerative diseases affecting the general public, leading to improved treatment methods for both spaceflight and age or illness related osteoporosis.

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Kozloff, Kenneth M., Leo I. Volakis, Joan C. Marini e Michelle S. Caird. "Near-Infrared Imaging Reveals Site- and Age-Specific Localization of Bisphosphonate Delivery and Retention in Model of Osteogenesis Imperfecta". In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-205344.

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Bisphosphonate use has expanded beyond traditional applications, such as the prevention of osteoporosis, into non-traditional pediatric low bone mass diseases including osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) [1]. Despite enthusiasm, some questions remain on the overall effectiveness and implications of long-term treatment. In the Brtl/+ mouse model for OI, bisphosphonate treatment improves bone size, but bending strength fails to increase to proportionate levels and bones remain brittle [2]. Complications associated with long-term bisphosphonate treatment have been noted in other systems [3,4] leading to a need for critical information describing local drug-cell interactions responsible for these observations. The purpose of this study was to validate a fluorescent bisphosphonate analog, far-red fluorescent pamidronate (FRFP) [5] as a biomarker of bisphosphonate deposition and retention in vivo to monitor local drug concentration in a site-specific manner.

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Duan, Shanzhong (Shawn). "Multibody Dynamics Approaches for Study on Good and Bad Whole-Body Vibrations". In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-88485.

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Whole-body vibrations (WBV) have been used for enhancing muscle strength and bone density of human bodies, training athletes and dancers, and helping people with disabling conditions and rehabilitations. On the other hand, WBV-induced occupational diseases have been reported. Researchers in automotive, farm equipment, and heavy machinery have put forward a few models for studying harmful vibrations on human bodies. This paper will review the effects of frequencies and magnitudes of WBV on a human body. Discussion of effects of frequencies and magnitudes on a human body will provide a preliminary boundary line between good and bad whole-body vibrations. Two multibody dynamics models and associated application cases will be proposed to show how the models may be used to represent whole-body vibrations under both good and bad vibrations. Three basic vibration elements associated with whole-body vibrations of the human body are handled as follows: (1) ligaments are modeled as spring elements; (2) muscles and tendons are modeled as damping elements; (3) bones are modeled as rigid bodies with masses/inertias and connected by idealized massless joints. In such a biomechanical vibration system, the spring elements (ligaments) help hold the human body skeleton structure in a stable condition, pass spring forces and potential energy to rigid bodies (bones) for bone vibrational motions. The damping elements (muscles and tendons) play roles of a damper and absorb energy input from the whole-body vibration resource. Based on the proposed multibody dynamics models, Kane’s method is then used to develop equations of motion. The equations will be further used for development of simulation algorithms to understand frequencies and magnitudes of both good and bad whole-body vibrations. The models may be utilized to understand why frequencies and magnitudes of whole-body vibrations will provide benefits to human health under one situation but cause occupational diseases under another scenario.

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Ramos, João Victor Bezerra, João Lucas Pordeus de Menezes, Louyse Jerônimo de Morais e Maurus Marques de Almeida Holanda. "Case report of fibrous dysplasia in a pediatric patient: importance of adequate treatment to avoid malignization". In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.574.

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Background: Fibrous dysplasia is a congenital and benign bone tumor. There may be malignant transformation in some cases, with a mortality rate of 53.6%. Objectives and Methods: To describe a patient with fibrous dysplasia in childhood in the parietal and temporal bones, and to report the importance of surgical correction to prevent malignant transformation. The case was studied and came from a referral hospital – João Pesssoa, PB. Results: History of daily headache and bulging in the temporal and parietal regions on the right. Computed tomography revealed lesions in the aspect of “ground glass”. Surgery was performed with exposure of two lesions, with craniectomy, followed by cranioplasty. Such an approach should be recommended, since malignant transformation occurs in up to 1% of cases, but after radiotherapy this rate can reach 44% of cases, mainly osteosarcoma. In this case, the anatomopathological study revealed a diagnosis of fibrous dysplasia and the patient has been followed up for 20 years without recurrences, which are common in adolescence. Conclusions: It is important to make a differential diagnosis with malignant diseases, in addition to contraindicating radiotherapy to prevent malignant transformation; long-term follow-up is essential to avoid relapses and / or complications resulting from the disease.

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Hogan, Harry A., Kent D. Harms e H. Wayne Sampson. "Numerical Simulation and Evaluation of the Reduced-Platen Compression Test for Estimating Cancellous Bone Mechanical Properties in the Rat". In ASME 2001 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/bed-23030.

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Abstract Animal models are utilized in numerous research studies aimed at better understanding skeletal biology, bone biomechanics, and many orthopedic diseases or pathologies. Prominent among these animal models are rodents, most commonly rats and mice. In estimating bone mechanical properties in these animals, cortical bone is routinely assessed by bending one of the long bones such as the femur or tibia, which targets the mid-diaphysis region. Testing specimens of isolated cancellous bone is exceedingly challenging, however, even for the larger rat skeleton. Recognizing the prominence and importance of cancellous bone mechanical properties has led to increased mechanical testing of vertebra and femoral neck specimens in skeletal research employing rats and mice. The specimens in these tests actually consist of a combination of both cortical and cancellous tissue, however. In an attempt to more closely approximate the ideal of isolated cancellous bone specimens a method has been developed recently for testing specimens from the proximal tibia metaphysis and distal femoral metaphysis [1]. In either case, the specimen in this so-called “reduced-platen compression” (RPC) test consists of a section of the metaphysis containing both cortical and cancellous bone. The specimen and test configuration are illustrated schematically in Fig. 1.

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Бартош, Петр Романович, Людмила Геннадьевна Филипова, Алина Игоревна Филипова e Ярослав Александрович Чикилевский. "ON THE POSSIBILITIES OF USING PNEUMATIC DEVICES IN MEDICINE AND SPORTS". In Психология. Спорт. Здравоохранение: сборник избранных статей по материалам Международной научной конференции (Санкт-Петербург, Июнь 2020). Crossref, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/psm291.2020.89.51.005.

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Восстановление после серьезных травм и заболеваний наиболее полно происходит при выполнении специальных физических упражнений. Они позволяют укрепить мышцы и кости, восстановить подвижность суставов и нормализовать процессы жизнедеятельности организма. Наиболее эффективно реабилитация происходит при использовании специальных тренажеров. Recovery from serious injuries and diseases most fully occurs when performing special physical exercises. They allow you to strengthen muscles and bones, restore joint mobility and normalize the body's vital processes. The most effective rehabilitation occurs when using special simulators.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Bones – Diseases"

Hansen, Marc. The Nature of Expansion of Paget's Disease of Bone. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, aprile 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada586286.

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Skelly, Andrea C., Eric Chang, Jessica Bordley, Erika D. Brodt, Shelley Selph, Rongwei Fu, Rebecca Holmes et al. Radiation Therapy for Metastatic Bone Disease: Effectiveness and Harms. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), agosto 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer265.

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Objectives. To evaluate the comparative effectiveness and harms of external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) for palliative treatment of metastatic bone disease (MBD). Data sources. Four electronic databases from 1985 to January 30, 2023; a targeted search for re-irradiation through January 30, 2023; reference lists; and a Federal Register notice. Review methods. Using predefined criteria and dual review, we selected randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and nonrandomized studies of interventions (NRSIs) comparing dose-fractionation schemes and EBRT delivery techniques (for initial radiation and re-irradiation, i.e., retreatment for recurrent or persistent pain) and EBRT alone versus in combination with other palliative treatments. Study risk of bias was assessed using predefined criteria. Strength of evidence (SOE) was assessed for the primary outcomes of pain, function, spinal cord compression relief, quality of life, and harms. Results. We included 53 RCTs and 31 NRSIs; most were fair quality. In patients receiving initial radiation for MBD there was a small increase in the likelihood of overall pain response (improved pain measures with stable or decreased analgesic use) for multiple fraction (MF) EBRT versus single fraction (SF) EBRT up to 4 weeks post-radiation therapy (SOE: moderate) and for higher dose (6 or 8 Gy) SF EBRT versus lower dose (4 Gy) SF EBRT up to 52 weeks post-radiation therapy (SOE: low). SF and MF EBRT did not differ at later followup (SOE: moderate) nor did comparisons of MF EBRT dose/fractions (SOE: moderate ≤12 weeks; low >12 weeks). Re-irradiation was more common with SF versus MF EBRT. Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) (SF or MF) was associated with a slightly higher (up to 20 weeks, SOE: low) and moderately higher (30 weeks; SOE: moderate) likelihood of overall pain response versus MF EBRT. For re-irradiation, SF and MF SBRT had a similar likelihood of overall pain response, as did SF versus MF EBRT (SOE: low for all). Harms may be similar across dose/fraction schemes and techniques; serious harms were rare. Comparative effectiveness evidence for EBRT was sparse. Conclusions. In patients with uncomplicated MBD receiving initial palliative radiotherapy, the likelihood of overall pain response for SF and MF EBRT is probably similar, particularly after 4 weeks; re-irradiation was more common with SF-EBRT. SF and MF SBRT may provide slightly greater likelihood of overall pain response versus MF EBRT; evidence is limited. SF and MF EBRT may have similar likelihoods of overall pain response in patients receiving re-irradiation. High-quality evidence comparing SBRT with EBRT is needed in populations with complicated and uncomplicated MBD, as is research on effectiveness of EBRT versus other treatments. Update: An addendum is located at the end of the main report, before the appendixes.

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Hansen, Marc F. Understanding the Delay in Onset of Paget's Disease of Bone. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, settembre 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada613442.

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Hansen, Marc. On the Nature of Expansion of Paget's Disease of Bone. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, ottobre 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada573353.

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Wang, Xinrun, Tianye Li, Xuechai Bai, Yun Zhu e Meiliang Zhang. Therapeutic prospect on umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in animal model with primary ovarian insufficiency: A meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, maggio 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.5.0075.

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Review question / Objective: Participants: experiment POI animal models; Interventions: human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells; Comparisons: POI animal models without hUCMSC therapy; Outcomes: estrous cycle situation, serum sex hormone level and ovarian follicle count; Studies: randomized controlled animal study; The aim of the review is to figure out whether hUCMSC can recover ovarian function in POI animal models. Condition being studied: Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a syndrome characterized by reduced or absent ovarian function (hypogonadism) and elevated levels of gonadotropins, specifically luteinising hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Etiologies of POI are various. Genetic disorders, autoimmune diseases, iatrogenic injuries like chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and infectious diseases all contribute to the development of POI. Main manifestation of POI includes decreased ovarian function and infertility. Patients may suffer from menopausal symptoms, such as increased cardiovascular disease, decreased bone mineral density, vulvovaginal atrophy, psychological distress and so on. Current treatment of POI is limited. HRT mainly ameliorates symptoms while ART can achieve fertility in some patients but faces many challenges in clinical practice because it's hard to get satisfied oocytes. Stem cell therapy is proved to be efficient in recovering organ functions and hUCMSC is one of the easiest cell to obtain. So we think hUCMSC is promising in treating POI.

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Tian, Shu. Primer on Social Bonds and Recent Developments in Asia. Asian Development Bank, febbraio 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/spr210045-2.

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Innovative financial instruments to support more inclusive development have emerged in recent years. These include social bonds designed to raise proceeds for projects with positive social outcomes. Social bonds can help Asia meet its long-term objectives in line with the Sustainable Development Goals and also facilitate the transition to a more inclusive economic recovery from the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). This publication explains why social bond market development is vital to financing the sustainable recovery of Asia from the pandemic. It also outlines salient barriers to social bond market development in the region and potential solutions to overcome them.

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Kurihara, Noriyoshi. Role of TAF12 in the Increased VDR Activity in Paget's Disease of Bone. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, ottobre 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada613487.

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Kurihara, Noriyoshi. Role of TAF12 in the Increased VDR Activity in Paget's Disease of Bone. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, ottobre 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada599600.

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Guede-Rojas, Francisco, Alexis Benavides-Villanueva, Sergio Salgado-González, Cristhian Mendoza, Gonzalo Arias-Álvarez e Claudio Carvajal-Parodi. Effect of strength training on knee proprioception in patients with knee osteoarthritis. A systematic review and meta-analysis protocol. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, maggio 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.5.0102.

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Review question / Objective: To analyze the effect of strength training (ST) on knee proprioception in patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Condition being studied: KOA is a chronic and degenerative joint disease characterized by articular cartilage loss, marginal bone hypertrophy, and inflammatory involvement of periarticular tissue of the knee. Symptoms of KOA are pain, stiffness, reduced range of motion, and muscle weakness, although proprioception may also be affected, contributing to the associated functional limitation.

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Xiang, Kemeng, Huiming Hou e Ming Zhou. The efficacy of Cerus and Cucumis Polypeptide injection combined with Bisphosphonates on postmenopausal women with osteoporosis:A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, maggio 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.5.0067.

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Review question / Objective: The aim of this review is to evaluate the effectiveness of Cerus and Cucumis Polypeptide injection combined with Bisphosphonates for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Condition being studied: Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) is a disorder of bone metabolism caused by estrogen deficiency in women after menopause, which manifests clinically as pain, spinal deformities and even fragility fractures, affecting the quality of life of patients and possibly shortening their life span. Bisphosphonates are commonly used to control and delay the progression of the disease, improve the patient's symptoms and reduce the incidence of fragility fractures. However, single drugs are still lacking in controlling the progression of the disease, and the combination of drugs is the clinical priority.

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