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Articoli di riviste sul tema "BODIPY (colorants)":

1

Renita, A. Annam, Tejal K. Gajaria, S. Sathish, J. Aravind Kumar, D. Shanthana Lakshmi, Joanna Kujawa e Wojciech Kujawski. "Progress and Prospective of the Industrial Development and Applications of Eco-Friendly Colorants: An Insight into Environmental Impact and Sustainability Issues". Foods 12, n. 7 (3 aprile 2023): 1521. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12071521.

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Color is the prime feature directly associated with the consumer’s attraction and choice of their food. The flavor, safety, and nutritional value of any food product are directly associated with the food color. Natural and synthetic colorants (dyes and pigments) have diversified applications in various sectors such as food, feed, pharmaceutical, textiles, cosmetics, and others. Concerning the food industry, different types of natural and synthetic colorants are available in the market. Synthetic food colorants have gained popularity as they are highly stable and cheaply available. Consumers worldwide prefer delightful foodstuffs but are more concerned about the safety of the food. After its disposal, the colloidal particles present in the synthetic colorants do not allow sunlight to penetrate aquatic bodies. This causes a foul smell and turbidity formation and gives a bad appearance. Furthermore, different studies carried out previously have presented the toxicological, carcinogenic effects, hypersensitivity reactions, and behavioral changes linked to the usage of synthetic colorants. Natural food colorings, however, have nutraceutical qualities that are valuable to human health such as curcumin extracted from turmeric and beta-carotene extracted from carrots. In addition, natural colorants have beneficial properties such as excellent antioxidant properties, antimutagenic, anti-inflammatory, antineoplastic, and antiarthritic effects. This review summarizes the sources of natural and synthetic colorants, their production rate, demand, extraction, and characterization of food colorants, their industrial applications, environmental impact, challenges in the sustainable utilization of natural colorants, and their prospects.
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Herrala, Mikko, Johanna Yli-Öyrä, Anjaína Fernandes de Albuquerque, Natália Oliveira de Farias, Daniel Alexandre Morales, Riikka Räisänen, Harold S. Freeman, Gisela de Aragão Umbuzeiro e Jaana Rysä. "Waterless Dyeing and In Vitro Toxicological Properties of Biocolorants from Cortinarius sanguineus". Journal of Fungi 8, n. 11 (26 ottobre 2022): 1129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof8111129.

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As a part of an ongoing interest in identifying environmentally friendly alternatives to synthetic dyes and in using liquid CO2 as a waterless medium for applying the resulting colorants to textiles, our attention turned to yellow-to-red biocolorants produced by Cortinarius sanguineus fungus. The three principal target anthraquinone colorants (emodin, dermocybin, and dermorubin) were isolated from the fungal bodies using a liquid–liquid separation method and characterized using 700 MHz NMR and high-resolution mass spectral analyses. Following structure confirmations, the three colorants were examined for dyeing synthetic polyester (PET) textile fibers in supercritical CO2. We found that all three biocolorants were suitable for dyeing PET fibers using this technology, and our attention then turned to determining their toxicological properties. As emodin has shown mutagenic potential in previous studies, we concentrated our present toxicity studies on dermocybin and dermorubin. Both colorants were non-mutagenic, presented low cellular toxicity, and did not induce skin sensitization. Taken together, our results indicate that dermocybin and dermorubin possess the technical and toxicological properties needed for consideration as synthetic dye alternatives under conditions that are free of wastewater production.
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Srivatsav, Prithvi, Bhaskar Sriharsha Bhargav, Vignesh Shanmugasundaram, Jayaseelan Arun, Kannappan Panchamoorthy Gopinath e Amit Bhatnagar. "Biochar as an Eco-Friendly and Economical Adsorbent for the Removal of Colorants (Dyes) from Aqueous Environment: A Review". Water 12, n. 12 (18 dicembre 2020): 3561. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12123561.

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Dyes (colorants) are used in many industrial applications, and effluents of several industries contain toxic dyes. Dyes exhibit toxicity to humans, aquatic organisms, and the environment. Therefore, dyes containing wastewater must be properly treated before discharging to the surrounding water bodies. Among several water treatment technologies, adsorption is the most preferred technique to sequester dyes from water bodies. Many studies have reported the removal of dyes from wastewater using biochar produced from different biomass, e.g., algae and plant biomass, forest, and domestic residues, animal waste, sewage sludge, etc. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the application of biochar as an eco-friendly and economical adsorbent to remove toxic colorants (dyes) from the aqueous environment. This review highlights the routes of biochar production, such as hydrothermal carbonization, pyrolysis, and hydrothermal liquefaction. Biochar as an adsorbent possesses numerous advantages, such as being eco-friendly, low-cost, and easy to use; various precursors are available in abundance to be converted into biochar, it also has recyclability potential and higher adsorption capacity than other conventional adsorbents. From the literature review, it is clear that biochar is a vital candidate for removal of dyes from wastewater with adsorption capacity of above 80%.
4

Alsukaibi, Abdulmohsen K. D. "Various Approaches for the Detoxification of Toxic Dyes in Wastewater". Processes 10, n. 10 (29 settembre 2022): 1968. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10101968.

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Use of dyes as well as colorants in industrial processes has extensively increased. Effluents from various industries such as textile, paint, food, etc. are reported to have a diverse range of colorants. The effluents from these industries are often released into natural water bodies, causing serious water and environmental pollution, to which humans and other species are constantly exposed. Continued changes in climate have also affected water availability for people around the world. Thus, advanced treatments and removal of harmful contaminants from municipal and industrial wastewater are becoming increasingly important. Removal of dyes and colorants from wastewater can be done in a variety of ways, including physical, chemical, and biological treatments. These technologies, however, differ in terms of efficiency, cost, and environmental effect. There are many technological and economic challenges for the wastewater treatment methods currently available. The search for the most suitable strategy for successful degradation or removal of dyes from effluents is an urgent requirement. Previously published research suggests that the use of enzymes for dye removal is a more economic and effective strategy as compared to traditional techniques. Nanoparticles, with their exceptional physicochemical features, have the potential to tackle the problem of wastewater purification in a less energy-intensive way. However, extensive standardization would be a necessity for the use of different nanoparticles. Therefore, intense research in the use of enzymes and nanoparticle-based technologies may provide much needed technological solution for the remediation of a diverse range of dyes from wastewater.
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Peña Cabrera, Eduardo. "Versatilidad química del 8-metiltioBODIPY: Bloque de construcción para la síntesis de nuevos colorantes BODIPY". Quimiofilia 2, n. 1 (30 maggio 2023): 11–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.56604/qfla20232157.

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Santi Malnis, Paula, Carina E. Colombi, Luis Martin Rothis e Oscar Alcober. "Fluvial architecture and paleoenvironmental evolution of the Los Colorados Formation (Norian): Postrift stage of the Ischigualasto–Villa Unión Basin, NW Argentina". Journal of Sedimentary Research 90, n. 10 (1 ottobre 2020): 1436–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2020.65.

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ABSTRACT The last stage of activity of the Ischigualasto–Villa Unión Rift Basin in west-central Argentina is represented by the 1100-m-thick fluvial red-beds of the Los Colorados Formation (Norian). Facies and architectural-element analysis were applied and vertical stacking patterns evaluated in the Los Colorados Formation to develop a depositional model for the postrift stage of basin fill. The Los Colorados Formation is subdivided into eleven stratigraphic intervals, generally characterized by multistory and multilateral channelized bodies interspersed with thick floodplain deposits developed under seasonal semihumid to semiarid climate conditions. The evolution of the fluvial architectural style shows changes in the location of channel facies concentration, in paleocurrents, and sediment provenance from the sixth stratigraphic interval toward the upper part of the Los Colorados Formation. The fluvial architecture observed in the upper part exhibits a drift in paleocurrents from a SE to a NE mean direction, together with a radial pattern in paleocurrent directional data. Thus, the paleoenvironmental evolution of the Los Colorados Formation is interpreted in terms of axial vs. transverse drainage system fluvial architecture under ongoing postrift conditions. While the fluvial architecture of the lower part responds to an axial fluvial system, the upper part is compatible with the entrance of a fluvial transverse drainage system. The role of axial vs. transverse drainage systems is discussed in the Los Colorados Formation paleoenvironmental evolution. Despite the axial system being considered the main sediment feeder of the basin fill in most interpretations of the rock record, our results indicate that transverse drainage systems can play a central role in postrift basin filling, as is proposed in modern examples.
7

Czeczuga, Bazyli, e Anna Godlewska. "Chitinophilic zoosporic fungi in various types of water bodies". Acta Mycologica 33, n. 1 (20 agosto 2014): 43–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/am.1998.004.

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Chitinophilic fungi in various types of water bodies (slough, pond, beach pool, two lakes and two rivers) were studied. Samples of water were collected every other month for hydrochemical analysis and once a month ( 1992 - 1994) in order to determine the fungus content. The wings of dragonfly and flies, carapaces of crayfish and potato beetle and the fructification of two mushrooms were used as bait. Thirty species of chitinophilic fungi were found in various types of water bodiss. <i>Cytriomyces annulatus, Entophlyctis crenata, Obelidium megarrhizum, Rhopalophlyctis sareoptoides, Achlya colorata, A. megasperma</i> and <i>Dictyuchus monosporus</i> represent new records as chitinophilic fungi. However, <i>Entophlyctis crenata, Obelidium megarrhizum</i> and <i>Podochytrium chitinophilum</i> reported for the first time from Poland.
8

Upadhyay, Divya, Tanu Jindal, Ashutosh Tripathi, K. D. Joshi e Kartikeya Shukla. "Impact of Synthetic Food Colouring Agents on Aquatic Ecosystems and Human Health". UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 44, n. 13 (4 luglio 2023): 17–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.56557/upjoz/2023/v44i133542.

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Colour is an important factor to enhance the consumer acceptance and appetizing value towards food and beverages. Foods are coloured with both natural and artificial/ synthetic food dyes. Instead of natural food colours, synthetic food colours are now widely employed by the food industry because of its superior features (cheap cost, enhanced look, greater colour intensity, increased colour stability, and consistency). Life of synthetic colorants is quite long as they are highly soluble in water and oil. Based on their solubility, synthetic colorants are classified into fat soluble synthetic colours, lake colours, water soluble synthetic colours. Colouring agents have spread across the water and soil ecosystem, this is because they are mass-produced and wider application. Samples of water, suspended particles, sediment, and wild fish have all tested positive for food dyes. As a result, they are regarded as micropollutants in aquatic systems. Cancers, mutations, neurotoxic effects, decreased haemoglobin concentrations, allergic reactions, food hypersensitivity, abdominal pain, worsened asthmatic symptoms, vomiting, and diarrhoea are just some of the potential dangers to one's health, which can result from using synthetic colours that aren't allowed or using them in excess. This review critically evaluates the effect of synthetic food colouring agents on aquatic environment and human health. We found that there is a definite unfavourable effect of synthetic organic additives on aquatic life and human health. Some synthetic colouring dyes have toxicological qualities and pharmacological action, thus it's important to keep an eye on water bodies. Synthetic organic food colour in water ecosystems may constitute a harmful effect on animals or human health’s, it is urgent need to evaluate the hazard potential of these substances. For this reason, it is strongly suggested that both consumers and manufacturers of food colours should be aware about the rules and regulations regarding food colours. GRAPHIC ABSTRACT
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Suman, Siti Norhashimah, Rusmadiah Anwar, Nor Nazida Awang e Salwa Ayob. "Composition of Various Percentages of Terracotta Clay as Colourant Glaze". Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 8, SI16 (25 novembre 2023): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v8isi16.5228.

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Terracotta is valuable for its mineral content, which produces pigments for coloring ceramic bodies and glazes. Unlike commercial colors, terracotta's natural minerals make it unique. This study explores the potential use of local terracotta clay in transparent glaze formulations. Methods like clay powder percentages, X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence tests, electron scanning, and microscope analysis (SEM) are used to examine the clay elements' morphology and structure. The addition of terracotta clay powder in proportions (20-50%) rendered the glaze translucent. Samples were applied on porcelain and fired at gloss temperatures (1200°C). The result colors were glossy, smooth, and creamy, with no defects. Keywords: Terracotta, colorant, glaze, percentage
10

León Peraza, P. A., J. L. Rodríguez Cruz, J. F. Parra Rodriguez e J. M. Perdomo Cabrejo. "Extracción colorante a partir de flor de jamaica (hibiscus sabdariffa) para uso en la industria textil". Cuadernos de Semilleros de investigación 1, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2015): 48–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.33133/csi-1-2015-11.

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Textile production currently used chemicals that have a significant environmental impact and adverse effects on consumer health that sometimes extends through the supply chain affecting all links involved (consumer health, water bodies, etc. ). The technically viable solution is progressive elimination of chemicals through the implementation of substances with less environmental impact such as natural dyes substances. Jamaican flower (Hibiscus sabdariffa) is a native plant from India and Malaysia. It is appreciated by chalices fleshy flowers, large, red, and a refreshing sour taste. (Green, 2007). Given the difficulties of polluting textile industry today, the present study objective is to obtain a dye from Jamaican flower evaluating two types of mordant in order to reduce the environmental impact.

Tesi sul tema "BODIPY (colorants)":

1

Moskaieva, Olena. "Structure moléculaire et équilibres ioniques des colorants fluorogènes dans les solvants aprotiques polaires". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ULILR012.

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Les colorants à la fluorescéine sont largement utilisés dans différents brunchs de la chimie et des sciences connexes, tout d'abord en raison de leurs propriétés fluorescentes uniques. Parmi ces composés, les dérivés nitrés sont beaucoup moins explorés. Ce travail visait à divulguer les principales propriétés protolytiques et spectrales dans des solutions non aqueuses de ces colorants.Une série de nitrofluorescéines et de plusieurs dérivés aminés, 22 composés au total, a été étudiée en détention principalement par des méthodes spectroscopiques.Le comportement de ces composés diffère significativement de celui d'autres colorants à base de fluorescéine, par exemple des dérivés halogénés très populaires. Le déplacement de l'équilibre tautomère des formes neutres des colorants est déplacé vers la lactone. La particularité des colorants portant quatre groupes NO2 dans la partie xanthène de la molécule est la formation de lactones anioniques, provoquée par l'éloignement de la densité électronique de l'atome de carbone nodal. Une autre caractéristique est la facilité de rupture du cycle pyrane dans des solutions fortement alcalines.Les valeurs des colorants ont été déterminées par la méthode spectrophotométrique dans des solutions tampons dans du DMSO et dans plusieurs cas dans de l'acétonitrile contenant 4 % en masse de DMSO, à 25 oC.L'interprétation des valeurs nécessite une compréhension de l'état des équilibres tautomères. Par exemple, la différence entre les s de dissociation par étapes des colorants, dans le DMSO varie de 1,2 pour la 5'-nitrofluorescéine à 7,6 pour la 4,5-dinito-2,7-dibromofluorescéine. L'analyse des spectres d'absorption dans le visible permet d'identifier les structures moléculaires et ioniques des colorants. L'évaluation des fractions des tautomères a permis de calculer les constantes d'équilibre dites microscopiques, décrivant la dissociation des tautomères simples. Ces derniers coïncident avec ceux des composés modèles : les esters, l'éther et un analogue sulfo.Une étude spéciale a été consacrée à révéler la transmission des effets électroniques dans la molécule de fluorescéine en examinant l'influence des substituants NO2 et NH2 dans le résidu d'acide phtalique sur le 's des groupes OH dans la partie xanthène.L'introduction d'un groupe nitro dans la partie phtalique de la fluorescéine éteint l'émission. Étonnamment, les colorants avec quatre groupes NO2 dans la partie xanthènes présentent une fluorescence brillante dans le DMSO et aprotic. En conséquence, un nouvel indicateur fluorescent indépendant du pH, l'ester méthylique de la 2,4,5,7-tétranitrofluorescéine, très sensible à la capacité du solvant à former des liaisons hydrogène, est proposé. En outre, les conditions des anions à charge simple et double de la 5'-aminofluorescéine dans des solutions de nature différente sont élucidées.L'étude d'un mélange de solvants aprotiques et donneurs de liaisons hydrogène avec des composés modèles (BODIPY) nous permettra d'étudier plus en détail le mécanisme de l'effet des liaisons hydrogène sur les dérivés de la fluorescéine
Fluorescein dyes are widely used in different brunches of chemistry and related sciences, first of all owing to their unique fluorescent properties. Among these compounds, nitro derivatives are much less explored. This work was aimed to disclose the main protolytic and spectral properties in non-aqueous solutions of these dyes.A series of nitrofluoresceins and several amino derivatives, 22 compounds in total, was studied in detain mainly by spectroscopic methods.The behavior of these compounds differs significantly from that of other fluorescein dyes, e.g., very popular halogen derivatives. The shift of the tautomeric equilibrium of the neutral forms of the dyes is shifted toward the lactone. The peculiar feature of the dyes bearing four NO2 groups in the xanthenes portion of the molecule is formation of anionic lactones, caused by the pulling electron density away from the nodal carbon atom. Another feature is the ease of the rupture of the pyran ring in highly alkaline solutions.The values of the dyes were determined by the spectrophotometric method in buffer solutions in DMSO and in several cases in acetonitrile that contains 4 mass % DMSO, at 25 oC.Interpreting the values require an understanding of the state of tautomeric equilibria. For instance, the difference between the values of stepwise dissociation of the dyes, , in DMSO vary from 1.2 for 5'-nitrofluorescein to 7.6 to 4,5-dinito-2,7-dibromofluorescein. The analysis of the absorption spectra in the visible region allows identifying the molecular and ionic structures of the dyes. The evaluation of the fractions of the tautomers made it possible to calculate the so-called microscopic equilibrium constants, describing the dissociation of single tautomers. The last-named coincide with those of model compounds: esters, ether, and a sulfo analogue.A special study was devoted to revealing the transmittance of the electronic effects in the fluorescein molecule by examining the influence of NO2 and NH2 substituents in the phthalic acid residue on the s of the OH groups in the xanthenes part.Introduction of a nitro group in the phthalic part of fluorescein quenches the emission. Surprisingly, the dyes with four NO2 groups in the xanthenes part exhibit bright fluorescence in DMSO and aprotic solvents. As result, a new pH-independent fluorescent indicator, methyl ester of 2,4,5,7-tetranitrofluorescein, very sensitive to the ability of the solvent to hydrogen bonding, is proposed. Also, the conditions of single- and double-charged anions of 5'-aminofluorescein in solutions of different nature are elucidated.The study of a mixture of aprotic and hydrogen bond donor solvents with model compounds (BODIPY) will allow us to further study in more detail the mechanism of the effect of hydrogen bonds on fluorescein derivatives
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Langlois, Adam. "Mécanisme du transfert d'énergie dans les états excités de colorants d’oligopyrroles pontés par un truxene". Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11246.

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Abstract : The transfer of energy between excited state chromophores is a topic of interest in the area of natural and laboratory photonic devices. Indeed, energy transfer is a process seen in nature in all photosynthetic organisms from complex multicellular plants to simple, single cell photosynthetic bacteria. For example, the purple photosynthetic bacteria uses two protein assemblies, referred to as the light-harvesting protein 1 (LH1) and the light-harvesting protein 2 (LH2), to collect light energy in order to survive. The LH2 protein serves only to absorb and transmit light energy to the LH1, which contains a special pair in a central reaction center. Energy transfer is essential to the survival of the organism. A photon of light absorbed by a bacteriochlorophyll molecule in the LH2 protein will undergo efficient energy transfer to other bacteriochlorophylls within the same protein structure. Energy transfer will also occur between different LH2 proteins and between the LH2 and LH1 protein. These energy transfer processes all serve to funnel the light to the reaction center which itself is excited by energy transfer. This process is highly efficient and essential to the organism’s survival. In the area of material sciences, the design of a covalent or non-covalent donor-acceptor assembly that exhibits efficient energy transfer, is a topic of interest for application in solar energy and light emitting diodes. Using the purple photosynthetic bacteria as a model, designs that append different dyes that serve to absorb and transmit light energy to a central backbone (a process referred to as the antenna effect) are being investigated. The principle being that the use of these antenna allows for the absorption of more light in regions of the electromagnetic spectrum that we cannot necessarily obtain with a single dye. The fall-back is that, in order for the process to work efficiently, the energy transfer between the antenna and backbone must be rapid. This work presents an investigation of the energy transfer processes between oligopyrrole dyes that are bridged by a truxene core, which exhibits a structural similarity to graphene. The aim of this work is to further understand the energy transfer processes between chromophores. We demonstrate in our work that the presence of a conjugated bridge between the donor and acceptor provides the possibility of a dual energy transfer process governed by both the Förster and Dexter mechanisms. We demonstrate that the use of this conjugated bridge leads to a very fast energy transfer process despite the large distance that separates the donor and acceptor. We further demonstrate that the process, although being a dual process, is dominated by the Dexter ix mechanism which is mediated by the conjugated system connecting the donor and acceptor. The rapid and efficient energy transfer processes suggest that in order to take full advantage of the antenna effect in man-made photonic devices, designs should be built upon the use of conjugated bridges between the donor and acceptor. The work presented in this thesis is divided into eight sections. In the introduction, a brief description of the chromophores that are seen throughout the rest of this work, is provided along with some general concepts with regard to density functional theory (DFT), which was employed as a tool throughout the presented works to demonstrate a certain degree of molecular orbital coupling. Chapter 1, entitled The Basic Principles of Photophysics, provides an introductory explanation of the theory that is required to fully understand the works that are presented in this thesis. Chapter 2 is simply entitled Instrumentation and serves to provide a description of the instruments used throughout the works. In Chapter 3: Maple™-Assisted Calculations of the J-integral: A Key Parameter for the Understanding of Excited State Energy Transfer in Porphyrins and other Chromophores a detailed description of the J-integral is provided and a tool for is calculation from spectral data is presented. The investigation of the energy transfer processes between truxene bridged chromophores begins in Chapter 4: Origin of the Temperature Dependence of the Rate of Singlet Energy Transfer in a Three-Component Truxene-bridged Dyads. In this chapter, the energy transfer between a Zn-porphyrin donor and a set of free-base porphyrin acceptors is investigated. Circumstantial evidence suggests that the energy transfer process that is observed, is occurring through a dual mechanism that may be dominated by the Dexter mechanism is provided. Chapter 5: Antenna Effect in Truxene-bridged BODIPY Triarylzinc(II)porphyrin Dyads: Evidence for a Dual Dexter-Förster Mechanism presents the investigation of the energy transfer processes between a BODIPY donor and two zinc(II)-porphyrin acceptors. In this chapter the comparison of the the energy transfer process to a similar dyad, that contains a non-conjugated bridge between the donor and acceptor, is made and it is shown that the truxene bridged dyad not only presents a faster rate, but that this faster rate can only be explained by a Dexter dominant process. In Chapter 6: Very Fast Singlet and Triplet Energy Transfers in a Tri-chromophoric Porphyrin Dyad Aided by the Truxene Platform the investigation of the energy transfer between a palladium(II)-porphyrin donor and pair of Zn-porphyrin acceptors bridged by a truxene core is x carried out. Here, a very fast triplet energy transfer process is observed, coroborating that the conjugated system promotes the Dexter process and leads to an efficient transfer of energy from the donor to the acceptor. Finally, Chapter 7 presents the last work that is included in this thesis. Chapter 7 is entitled Excited State N-H Tautomer Selectivity in the Singlet Energy Transfer in a Zinc(II)Porphyrin-Truxene-Corrole Assembly and once again presents a very fast and efficient energy transfer process. In this work the energy transfer occurs between a Zn-porphyrin donor and a set to free-base corrole acceptors. The rapid energy transfer process exhibits a rate constant that falls in the same order of magnitude of those presented in the earlier chapters, suggesting that the process is occurring through the same dual mechanism that is Dexter dominated. Interestingly, in this last the energy transfer process was found to occur selectively to only one of the two corrole tautomeric species. This prompted an investigation into the excited state tautomerization rates of the free base corrole and lead to the first report of an experimentally measured tautomerization rate from free-base corrole. This thesis closes with a general discussion of the works presented within its pages and a discussion of the impact that the results have on the scientific community.
Les transferts d’énergie entre les états excités de chromophores est un sujet d’intérêt dans le domaine des dispositifs photovoltaïques naturelles ou artificielles. En effet, le transfert d’énergie est un processus que l’on observe dans la nature au sein de tous les organismes phototrophes depuis les végétaux multicellulaires complexes jusqu’aux bactéries unicellulaires photosynthétiques. Par exemple, dans le cas des bactéries photosynthétiques pourpres, ces dernières utilisent un photosystème de deux protéines assemblées, la première étant appelé protéine collectrice de lumière 1 (LH1 pour light-harvesting protein 1) et la seconde appelé protéine collectrice de lumière 2 (LH2 pour light-harvesting protein 2) afin de capter suffisamment d’énergie lumineuse pour assurer leur survie. La protéine LH2 n’a pour vocation que d’absorber et de transmettre l’énergie lumineuse à la protéine LH1, qui contient une paire spéciale dans un centre réactionnel. Les transferts d’énergie sont des phénomènes essentiels à la survie des organismes. Un photon absorbé par une molécule de type bactériochlorophylle dans la protéine LH2 subira un transfert d’énergie efficace à d’autres bactériochlorophylles au sein de la même structure protéique. Les transferts d’énergie se dérouleront aussi bien entre différentes protéines LH2 qu’entre des protéines LH1 et LH2. Ces processus de transfert d’énergie servent à canaliser l’énergie lumineuse jusqu’au centre réactionnel qui devient à son tour excité par transfert d’énergie. Ces processus sont hautement efficaces et essentiels à la survie de l’organisme en question. En science des matériaux, la conception d'un assemblage donneur-accepteur, covalent ou non, qui présente un transfert d'énergie efficace est un sujet d'intérêt pour des applications en photovoltaïque et diodes émettrices de lumière. En utilisant les bactéries pourpres photosynthétiques comme modèle, des structures similaires étudiant différents colorants permettant d'absorber et de transmettre de l'énergie lumineuse à un squelette central (un processus appelé effet antenne) font l'objet de recherches actives. Le principe étant que l'utilisation de ces antennes permet d'absorber plus de lumière dans les régions du spectre électromagnétique qu’il serait impossible d’obtenir avec un seul colorant. La conséquence est que, pour que le processus fonctionne efficacement, le transfert d'énergie entre l'antenne et le squelette doit être rapide, et parfois contrôlé. Dans ce travail, nous étudierons les processus de transfert d'énergie entre des colorants oligopyrroliques reliés par un noyau truxène, qui montre une similarité structurale avec le graphène. L'objectif du travail est de mieux comprendre les processus de transfert d'énergie entre les chromophores. Nous montrerons dans notre travail que la présence d'un système conjugué entre le donneur et l'accepteur ouvre la porte à l’hypothèse de la présence d'un double processus de transfert d'énergie régi par les mécanismes Förster et Dexter. Nous démontrerons que l'utilisation de ce système conjugué conduit à un processus de transfert d'énergie très rapide malgré la distance importante séparant le donneur et l’accepteur. Nous démontrerons en outre que le processus, bien qu'il s'agisse d'un double processus, est dominé par le processus Dexter grâce au système conjugué reliant le donneur et l'accepteur qui fait office de pont communiquant. Les processus de transfert d'énergie rapides et efficaces suggèrent que, pour tirer pleinement parti de l'effet antenne dans des applications photovoltaïques, les designs devraient être basés sur l'utilisation de ponts conjugués reliant donneurs et accepteurs. Le travail présenté dans cette thèse est divisé en huit sections. Dans l'introduction, une brève description des chromophores utilisés tout au long du présent travail sera fournie avec des concepts généraux non-exhaustifs pour la théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité (DFT) qui a été utilisé comme outil tout au long des travaux actuels pour démontrer un certain degré de couplage orbitalaire. Le chapitre 1, intitulé Les principes fondamentaux de la photophysique, proposera une introduction à la théorie nécessaire à la bonne compréhension des travaux présentés dans cette thèse. Le chapitre 2 est simplement intitulé Instrumentation et fournira une description des instruments utilisés tout au long des travaux. Au chapitre 3: « Maple™-Assisted Calculations of the J-integral: A Key Parameter for the Understanding of Excited State Energy Transfer in Porphyrins and other Chromophores », une description détaillée de l'intégrale J ainsi qu’un outil pour le calcul à partir de données spectrales seront exposés. L'étude des processus de transfert d'énergie entre les chromophores pontés par truxène commencera au chapitre 4: « Origin of the Temperature Dependence of the Rate of Singlet Energy Transfer in a Three-Component Truxene-bridged Dyads ». Dans ce chapitre, nous étudierons le transfert d'énergie entre un donneur de type zinc(II)-porphyrine et un ensemble d'accepteurs de porphyrine base libre. Des preuves circonstancielles indiquant que le processus de transfert d'énergie observé se produit à travers un double mécanisme qui peut être dominé par le mécanisme Dexter seront présentées. Le Chapitre 5: « Antenna Effect in Truxene-bridged BODIPY Triarylzinc(II)porphyrin Dyads: Evidence for a Dual Dexter-Förster Mechanism » présentera quant à lui l'étude des processus de transfert d'énergie entre un donneur BODIPY et deux accepteurs de type Zn-porphyrine. Dans ce chapitre, la comparaison du processus de transfert d'énergie à une dyade similaire qui contient un pont non-conjugué entre le donneur et l'accepteur sera effectuée et il sera démontré que la dyade ponté par truxène présente non seulement un taux plus rapide, mais que ce taux ne peut être expliqué que par un processus Dexter dominant. Au chapitre 6 : « Very Fast Singlet and Triplet Energy Transfers in a Tri-chromophoric Porphyrin Dyad Aided by the Truxene Platform », l'étude du transfert d'énergie entre une porphyrine de palladium(II) donneuse et une paire d'accepteurs de type zinc(II)-porphyrine pontés par un noyau de truxène sera montré. Ici, un processus de transfert d'énergie triplet très rapide est observé, ce qui prouve que le système conjugué favorise le processus Dexter et conduit à un transfert efficace d'énergie du donneur vers l'accepteur. Enfin, le chapitre 7 présentera le dernier travail inclus dans cette thèse. Le chapitre 7 est intitulé « Excited State N-H Tautomer Selectivity in the Singlet Energy Transfer in a Zinc(II)Porphyrin-Truxene-Corrole Assembly » et exposera une dernière fois un processus de transfert d'énergie très rapide et efficace. Dans ce travail, le transfert d'énergie se produit entre un donneur de type Zn-porphyrine et une corrole base libre acceptrice. Le processus de transfert d'énergie rapide présente une constante de vitesse qui se situe dans le même ordre de grandeur que ceux présentés dans les chapitres précédents, ce qui suggère que le processus se produit par le biais du même double mécanisme dominé par Dexter. Il est intéressant de noter que, dans ce dernier cas, le processus de transfert d'énergie s'est révélé sélectif sur l'une des deux espèces tautomériques du corrole. Ceci a mené à une étude sur les taux de tautomérisation de l'état excité de la corrole base libre conduisant à la premier mesure expérimentale du taux de tautomérisation de la corrole base libre. Cette thèse s’achèvera par une discussion générale sur les travaux présentés dans ces pages ainsi que sur l'impact que les résultats ont eus dans communauté scientifique dans ce domaine.
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Haefele, Alexandre. "Méthodes de fonctionnalisation de boradiazaindacènes pour des applications spécifiques". Strasbourg, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010STRA6027.

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Ce travail de thèse a consisté en la synthèse et la modification de composés fluorescents de type bora-diaza-indacène (ou BODIPY). Dans un premier temps, nous nous sommes intéressés à la synthèse de systèmes multichromophoriques entièrement organiques. L’étude photophysique a montré que plus de 80% de l’énergie absorbée par ces systèmes était transférée vers le chromophore de plus basse énergie. Dans le projet suivant, nous nous sommes intéressés à l’introduction d’une fonction bioconjugable sur ces dérivés BODIPYs à l’aide de la réaction de carbonylation catalysée au palladium. Après une étude méthodologique, au cours de laquelle plusieurs substrats ont pu être introduits efficacement, nous avons été en mesure d’obtenir un acide aminé marqué qui a pu être utilisé dans une synthèse peptidique automatisée. Ce mémoire expose également une méthode originale de fonctionnalisation sélective d’un ou des deux méthyles en position α-pyrroliques des BODIPYs à l’aide de nucléophiles. L'étude photophysique des nouveaux composés a montré que cette transformation permettait d’introduire de nouveaux substituants sans modifier les propriétés d'absorption et d'émission du fluorophore. Enfin, la présence d’un atome de bore tétravalent dans les BODIPYs nous a permis d’envisager la synthèse d’un fluorophore chiral comportant un bore stéréogène. Après plusieurs essais infructueux, nous sommes parvenus à synthétiser de façon racémique un BODIPY chiral qui a pu être dédoublé sur HPLC chirale. Les deux énantiomères ont été entièrement caractérisés et la stabilité configurationnelle du bore dans les conditions ambiantes a été démontrée
The objective of this thesis was the synthesis and the modification of boradiazaindacenes (or BODIPYs) for various applications. At first, we focused on the synthesis of organic multichromophoric arrays containing up to five different chromophores. The photophysical study showed that the energy absorbed by these systems was almost quantitatively transferred towards the lowest energy chromophore. In the following project, we focused on the introduction of a bioconjugable function on BODIPYs using the Palladium catalysed carbonylation reaction. After a methodological study, during which several substrates were efficiently introduced, we were able to synthesize a fluorescent-labeled amino acid which was used in automated peptide synthesis. We also developped an original and selective fonctionnalization of one or both methyl groups in alpha-pyrrolic position of BODIPYs by the use of nucleophiles. The photophysical study of the new compounds showed that this transformation allowed the introduction of new substituants without modifying the spectroscopic properties of the fluorophore. Finally, the presence of a tetravalent boron atom in BODIPYs allowed us to synthesize a chiral fluorophore containing a stereogenic boron. After several unsuccessfull attempts, we succeeded in synthetizing a chiral BODIPY which was resolved on chiral HPLC. Both enantiomers were completely characterized and configurational stability of the boron in ambient conditions was demonstrated
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Gorbatov, Sergei. "Conception et synthèse de nouvelles sondes fluorogéniques à coeur Bodipy pour la détection". Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UBFCK051.

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Par conséquent, ce projet vise le développement de nouvelles sondes fluorogènes multi-analytes améliorées pour les ions de métaux lourds et les bioanalytes dans le cadre du concept de portes logiques moléculaires fluorescentes «AND». Les biothiols et les cations des métaux lourds Cd (II), Pb (II), Cr (III) et Cu (II) seront sélectionnés comme analytes ciblés. À notre connaissance, aucune porte logique moléculaire «ET» utilisant des ions métalliques en plus des entrées Zn (II), Hg (II), Ca (II), pas plus que des sondes multi-analytes pour les biothiols avec des cations de métaux lourds, n’ont été décrit dans la littérature. Alors que le développement d'une reconnaissance hautement sensible et sélective des thiols et des cations métalliques a émergé comme un intérêt significatif dans des domaines allant de l'industrie pétrochimique au contrôle de la qualité des aliments et à la médecine
Therefore this project is aimed at the development of novel improved multi-analyte fluorogenic probes for heavy metals ions and bioanalytes within the framework “AND” fluorescent molecular logic gates concept. The biothiols and cations of Cd(II), Pb(II), Cr(III) and Cu(II) heavy metals will be selected as the targeted analytes. To the best of our knowledge, no “AND” molecular logic gates using metal ions besides Zn(II), Hg(II), Ca(II) inputs, likewise no multi-analyte probes for biothiols along with heavy metal cations, has been described in the literature. While the development of a highly sensitive and selective recognition of thiols and metal cations has emerged as a significant interest in areas ranging from the petrochemical industry to food quality control and medicine
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Poirel, Arnaud. "Synthèse et étude d'une nouvelle génération de colorants borondipyrrométhènes (BODIPYs) émettant dans le rouge et le proche infrarouge pour des applications biologiques". Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01037995.

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Au cours de ces travaux de thèse, la synthèse de BODIPYs émettant dans le rouge et le proche infrarouge a été réalisée. Un premier travail d'extension de la conjugaison électronique (soit par introduction de groupements aromatiques sur le corps du BODIPY, soit par dimérisation) a permis d'atteindre les basses énergies du spectre électromagnétique. La validation d'une méthode de synthèse de BODIPYs à l'aide d'orthoesters a permis une mise en oeuvre aisée et une nette amélioration de leurs rendements. Parmi les fluorophores obtenus, les dithiényl-BODIPYs émettant dans la fenêtre thérapeutique (650-900 nm) présentent des propriétés optiques et électrochimiques intéressantes. Ils ont été utilisés pour des applications dans le domaine biologique. Après leur solubilisation dans les milieux aqueux par introduction de groupements ammoniums, la détection d'un acide aminé, la cystéine, a pu être réalisée par spectroscopies d'absorption et de fluorescence mettant en évidence un système ratiométrique. De plus, le marquage d'une protéine modèle, le sérum d'albumine bovine, permet d'envisager l'utilisation de ce type de BODIPYs pour l'imagerie biologique grâce à un rendement quantique de fluorescence élevé en milieu physiologique.
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Mirloup, Antoine. "Ingénierie moléculaire de nouveaux composants photoactifs pour le photovoltaïque organique". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAF035/document.

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Au cours de ces travaux de thèse, deux axes d’études ont été développés. Ils consistent d’une part à la synthèse et la caractérisation de nouveaux complexes de bore, visant à être utilisés dans des cellules solaires organiques, ainsi qu’au développement de plateformes d’empilement π, permettant la modulation des propriétés structurales de semi-conducteurs organiques. Ainsi, le rendement de conversion énergétique de cellules solaires utilisant un BODIPY a été amélioré par l’addition de triazatruxènes sur ses positions β-pyrroliques. Le motif BOPHY, complexe di-nucléaire de bore, a été fonctionnalisé puis étudié optoélectroniquement. Le premier exemple d’utilisation d’un BOPHY dans une cellule solaire organique a également été effectué. Deux familles de BODIPYs ont été préparées en vue d’une utilisation dans des cellules solaires à colorant. Leur utilisation au sein d’une même structure a permis d’établir un nouveau record de conversion pour une telle utilisation d’un BODIPY
During this thesis, boron complexes and π-stacking mediator planar moieties have been synthetized for photovoltaic applications. Thanks to the use of triazatruxene units on β-pyrrolic positions of a BODIPY core, the solar cells photoconversion efficiency has been increased. The BOPHY moiety, a di-nuclear boron complex, has been functionalized and optoelectronically studied. The first example of the use of BOPHY in organic solar cells has been performed. Two families of BODIPYs have also been prepared to be used in dye-sensitized solar cells. A new record of photoconversion efficiency for BODIPY based solar cells has been reached using a co-adsorption of two dyes having complementary absorptions within a unique solar cell
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David, Sylvain. "Aza-bodipy pour la limitation optique aux longueurs d'onde des télécommunications : synthèse des chromophores, optimisation de matériaux hybrides et études photophysiques". Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEN010.

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Un limiteur optique (OPL) est un dispositif capable de modifier ses propriétés optiques en fonction de la puissance lumineuse incidente. Idéalement transparent à faible puissance, l’OPL voit sa transmission chuter lorsque l’énergie incidente augmente, permettant ainsi de protéger un détecteur optique placé derrière lui de dommages temporaires ou permanents.Cette thèse présente la synthèse de chromophores de la famille des aza-bodipy ayant des propriétés de limitation optique dans la gamme spectrale des télécommunications, en particulier autour de 1500 nm. Les propriétés de limitation optique de ces aza-bodipy sont basées simultanément sur de l’absorption à deux photons, et de l’absorption à l’état excité.Une partie de cette thèse propose la synthèse d’aza-bodipy pour l’étude et l’amélioration de leurs propriétés d’absorption à deux photons et d’absorption à l’état excité afin d’optimiser leurs performances de limitation optique. Une étude portant sur la solubilité de ces composés a également été menée. Une deuxième partie présente l’utilisation de ces chromophores dans des matériaux hybrides et l’optimisation de ces derniers. Le développement de matériaux sol-gel de classe II a notamment permis d’augmenter de façon spectaculaire la concentration maximale de dopage en chromophore, résultant en une forte amélioration des performances de limitation optique par rapports aux matériaux précédents décrits
An optical power limiter (OPL) is a device which can change its optical properties depending on the input light power. Ideally transparent at low incident power, the OPL transmission decreases when the incident power rises, allowing the protection of an optical detector placed beyond the OPL and avoiding temporary or permanent damages. This thesis presents the synthesis of aza-bodipy dyes with OPL properties in the telecommunication spectral range, particularly around 1500 nm. The OPL properties of these aza-bodipy dyes are based on simultaneous two-photon absorption and excited state absorption.The first part of this thesis describes the synthesis of new aza-bodipy dyes for the study of two photon absorption and excited state absorption enhancement in order the optimize the OPL performances of the dyes. A study about aza-bodipy solubility has also been conducted.The second part of this thesis presents the use of aza-bodipy chromophores in new optimized sol-gel hybrid materials. Class-II sol-gel materials development permitted to spectacularly increase the maximum dye-doping concentration, which resulted in a strong enhancement of the OPL properties compared to previously described materials

Capitoli di libri sul tema "BODIPY (colorants)":

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"Colour in Cosmetics, with Special Emphasis on Hair Coloration". In Colour Chemistry, 250–66. 2a ed. The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/bk9781849733281-00250.

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Cosmetics may be broadly defined as materials that are used to enhance the appearance or appeal of the human body. Cosmetics may also be described by the physical composition of the product; for example, they may be formulated as liquids, lotions, creams or gels (emulsions or dispersions), sticks (lipsticks), powders (loose or compressed form), or as aerosol sprays. Colour is of prime importance in the subset of cosmetics generally referred to as make-up, coloured products applied to the human body, mainly to the facial area, to enhance the appearance and attractiveness of the (mostly female) users. This chapter deals with the principals involved in the colorants used in these decorative cosmetic products, followed by a more detailed discussion of the chemistry which has been developed specifically for use in the coloration of human hair.

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