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Furman, Jennifer Leah. "The relationship between BMI and asthma is a significant health concern among pre-adolescent and adolescent children". [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1947.
Testo completo
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Rizk, Jacques Khalil. "Profiling Obesity: Four Distinct Clinical Subtypes of High-BMI Australians". Thesis, Griffith University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366004.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Obesity, defined as an excess of fat in the body, is a condition with serious and numerous physical, social, psychological and economic consequences. Over the past 35 years, obesity has become a global epidemic, and Australia is one of the worst-affected nations. Over 63% of Australian adults are overweight or obese, and rates have been accelerating by 1% per year since the 1980s. Treatment advances have dramatically improved short-term weight loss outcomes, but relapse rates remain at a staggering 80-95% despite half a century of dedicated multidisciplinary research into this tenacious phenomenon. Researchers have identified a number of factors that explain this exceptionally high rate of relapse: the multiaetiological pathways to obesity; the breadth of factors implicated in the maintenance of obesity and the complexity of the interactions between these factors; the largely atheoretical nature of obesity treatments; and the inadequacy of Body Mass Index (BMI) as an accurate gauge of obesogenic risk have all been implicated in treatment failure.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy in Clinical Psychology (PhD ClinPsych)
School of Applied Psychology
Griffith Health
Full Text
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Tallroth, Viktor, e Markus Wallin. "BMI Diskursens framtoning i moderna mediesammanhang". Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Akademin för utbildning och ekonomi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-9478.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Svenska befolkningens hälsa började på allvar att uppfattas som en samhällelig angelägenhet redan under 1700- talet och idag tar det sig uttryck i bland annat mätmetoder som BMI (Body Mass Index), vilket avser att undersöka befolkningens hälsa. Inom BMI området kan en brist på forskning upplevas på bland annat BMI:s påverkan. Människan tillbringar allt mer av sin vakna tid till medier, både professionella och privata aktiviteter fyller människans liv och dessa genomsyras av medietexter, mediebilder och kommunikationstekniker av olika slag. Syftet med denna undersökning var att beskriva hur BMI diskursen utspelar sig vid läsarkommentarer på internetbaserade tidningsartiklar. Metoden som användes i undersökningen var diskursanalys där läsarkommentarer på internetbaserade tidningsartiklar analyserades. Något som var representativt inom BMI diskursen var att individer i förhållande till sig själva reflekterade över vad som var normalt gentemot BMI. De uppfattningar som framkom bestod av utseendemässiga och hälsomässiga uppfattningar. Ofta upplevdes BMI som ett alldeles för snävt förhållningssätt till vad som är normalt. Det framkom även utsagor kring betydelsen av ”sunt förnuft” vid tolkandet av BMI:s funktion. BMI diskursen som framtonade sig ur läsarkommentarer bidrog med en komplex bild kring människors värderingar, människosyn och grundläggande uppfattningar.The Swedish public health began to be seriously perceived as a societal concern as early as 1700. Today this takes form as methods of measurement like BMI (Body Mass Index) which are meant to investigate the population’s health. A lack of research can be experienced in the BMI area, for example research of BMI's influence. We spend more of our waking time to the media, both professional and personal activities fill our lives and those are influenced by media texts, media images and communications technologies of different kinds. The purpose of this study was to describe how the BMI discourse takes place at reader comments on internet-based articles. The Method of this study was discourse analysis in which the reader comments were analyzed. The results showed that it was representative in the BMI discourse for individuals in relation to themselves reflect on what was normal in relation to BMI. These views emerged as to what normal was comprised to both physical appearance and health. BMI was often perceived as to narrow approach to what is normal. The important use of “common sense” when interpreting BMI´s function was stated inside the BMI Discourse. The BMI Discourse that emerged from reader’s comments contributes to a complex context about human values, humanity and fundamental beliefs.
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Alba, Katie. "PARENT AND SCHOOL PERSONNEL PERCEPTION OF THE PRACTICE OF SCHOOL-BASED BODY MASS INDEX NOTIFICATION". Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2017. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/422444.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Educational LeadershipEd.D.
School districts are charged with the task of providing America’s youth with the most well-rounded education so that they can grow into the most productive adult citizens. However, school funding cuts and the unending demand to make AYP often push students out of the center of that focus. As a result, matters like school-based Body Mass Index notifications have been moved to the backburner and are often simplified to only what the law requires. Although researchers have sought the best practice to address this cause, it still remains that those not directly involved in the process are designing and implementing regulations. The perceptions of parents and school personnel are not being addressed. As a result, this exploratory, single-case, qualitative study, researched the best school-based body mass index notification practice according to the perspective of eleven total parents and school personnel. These participants were from a school in Southeastern Pennsylvania, whose process is mandated by the state. Based on the findings, it is recommended that schools collaborate with parents to establish the most informative notification letter that meets their needs, rather than simply address the requirements of the state’s mandate. This collaboration must be inviting and easy to enter into and the findings need to be implemented, instead of just gathered and recorded. Prior notification must also be improved and supplemental materials need to be included in the mailing.
Temple University--Theses
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Boström, Elin, e Beatrice Holmström. "Samband mellan mammans BMI relaterat till amningsduration och mammans skattning av barnets hälsa : En enkätstudie". Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Omvårdnad, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-6411.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
I ett internationellt perspektiv har Sverige hög amningsfrekvens, men under 2000-talet har amningsfrekvensen sjunkit och stora regionala skillnader ses. Kvinnorna rekommenderas att helamma sex månader. Mödravårdcentralen (MVC) informerar om bröstmjölkens hälsoeffekter som till exempel att bröstmjölken skyddar barn mot allergier. Forskning visar att överviktiga och feta kvinnor har kortare amningsduration, men få studier behandlar svenska förhållanden. Syfte: Syfte med fördjupningsarbetet är att studera samband mellan mammans BMI relaterat till amningsduration och mammans skattning av barnets hälsa de tre första levnadsåren. Metod: Studien är en kvantitativ retrospektiv tvärsnittstudie. Data insamlades via enkäter, 418 deltagare inkluderades. Data har analyserats med Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). För deskriptiv och jämförande analys har parametriska och icke-parametriska analyser genomförts. Resultat: De kvinnor som inte ammade skattade sitt barns hälsa sämre vid tre års ålder i jämförelse med kvinnor som ammat någon period. Vid tre års ålder skattade kvinnor med övervikt och fetma sitt barns hälsa sämre. Slutsats: Det är viktigt att kunna identifiera kvinnor som är behov av stöd för att initiera amning och kunna bidra till anpassat stöd till dem. AbstractSweden reports high duration of breastfeeding compared to international findings. During the last century, the frequency of breastfeeding duration has decreased in Sweden, with large regional differences. Recommendation for exclusive breastfeeding is six months. Midwives provide information about healthy benefits of breast milk, such as breast milk protecting baby´s against allergies. Research has presented associations between obesity and short duration of breastfeeding. However, there is a lack of knowledge regarding women in a Swedish context. Aim: To investigate the relation between mothers BMI, duration of breastfeeding and maternal valuation of the baby´s health during the first three year of life. Method: The study is a quantitative retrospective cross-sectional study. Data was collected through questionnaires, 418 participants were included. Data was analyzed using the SPSS. For descriptive and comparative analysis parametric and nonparamateric statistics have been used.Results: Women who did not breastfed perceived their baby´s health worse at three years compared with women who did breastfeed. Women with overweight and obesity also perceived the health of their three year old worse than the other maternal group. Conclusions: It´s important to identify women who need support to initiate breastfeeding and give them customized support.
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Chabo, Malinda. "Sambandet mellan intima media tjockleken och body mass index". Thesis, Örebro universitet, Hälsoakademin, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-15837.
Testo completo
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Selaci, Florinda, e Marinela Moldovan. "Förekomst av karies och parodontit hos vuxna personer med övervikt/fetma". Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-9506.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Övervikt och fetma är ett stort hälsoproblem världen över. År 2008 var cirka 1,5 miljarder vuxna i världen överviktiga. Syftet med litteraturstudien var att undersöka om det finns en ökad förekomst av karies och parodontit hos vuxna personer med övervikt/fetma. Urvalet begränsades till vuxna som var 19 år eller äldre. Studien utfördes i form av en allmän litteraturstudie och materialet samlades in genom sökning i databaserna Pub Med och Science Direkt samt genom manuell sökning. Resultaten sammanställdes utifrån 14 vetenskapliga artiklar. Två vetenskapliga artiklar visade en ökad förekomst av karies hos personer med övervikt/fetma i jämförelse med personer som var normalviktiga. De andra artiklarna (n=2) som berörde karies hittade inget direkt samband mellan ökad kariesförekomst och övervikt/fetma. En ökad förekomst av parodontit hittades hos personer med övervikt/fetma i flera studier (n=4) vid jämförelse med normalviktiga deltagare. De resterande studierna (n=6) visade ett samband mellan förekomst av parodontit och personer med övervikt/fetma. Det tycks finnas en ökad förekomst av parodontit hos personer med övervikt/fetma då olika socioekonomiska faktorer eller andra förhållanden har betydelse. De fåtal artiklar som undersöktes visar att faktorer som kostvanor, saliv och munhygien är avgörande vid kariesförekomst.Overweight and obesity are a huge health problem worldwide. Year 2008 it was about 1,5 billion adults that were overweight. The aim of this study was to investigate if there is an increased occurrence of dental caries and periodontal disease in adults with overweight/obesity. The study was limited to adults that were nineteen years old and above. The material was collected from the databases PubMed and Science Direct and a manual search. These results are based on fourteen scientific articles. Two scientific articles showed an increased occurrence of dental caries on persons with overweight/obesity compared with people who were normal weighted. The other studies (n=2) did not found a direct correlation between increased caries and overweight/obesity. The presence of periodontal disease in individuals with overweight/obesity was found to be increased significantly in several studies (n=4) compared to participants with normal weight. The other studies (n=6) showed a relation between occurrence of periodontitis and overweight/obesity. There seems to be an increased occurence of periodontitis in persons with overweight/obesity as several socio- economic factors or other conditions affect. The few scientific articles that were examined show that factors such as diet, saliva and oral hygiene are important in caries occurrence
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Norfjord, Zidar Maria. "Känsla av sammanhang, kön och psykosociala faktorers samvariation med Body Mass Index – baserat på Liv och hälsa - Ung 2004 skolår 9, Västmanland". Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hälsa, vård och välfärd, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-13913.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Övervikt och fetma är ett snabbt växande folkhälsoproblem som medför ökad risk för psykosocialt lidande och många allvarliga sjukdomar. Särskilt oroande är att övervikt och fetma allt oftare drabbar barn och ungdomar. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka om det finns ett samband mellan Body Mass Index (BMI) och Känsla Av SAMmanhang (KASAM) hos elever i skolår 9, samt att analysera kön och psykosociala faktorers (familje- och kamratrelationer) eventuella inverkan på relationen BMI och KASAM. Det statistiska materialet är hämtat från undersökningen ”Liv och hälsa - Ung 2004 Västmanland” där KASAM- skalan med 13 frågor används. Analysmetoden är en multipel regression. Resultaten indikerar svaga samband mellan variablerna. Starkast är sambandet mellan BMI/KASAM och kön, där pojkarna uppvisar högre BMI än flickorna. Mer familjeregler relaterar till lägre BMI. Bättre kommunikation, förtrolighet och sammanhållning relaterar till högre BMI. Variationer i BMI är betydligt mer mångfasetterat eller grundläggande än vad denna studie kunnat belysa. Förklaringar till detta kan vara att variablerna inte har så stort förklaringsvärde, metodvalet är fel och/eller att KASAM-frågorna är svårförståeliga.Overweight and obesity is a fast growing public health issue that leads to increased risk of psychosocial suffering and many serious illnesses. Especially worrying is that overweight and obesity more often affect children and adolescents. The aim of this study is to examine if there is a relation between Body Mass Index (BMI) and Sense of Coherence (SOC) among pupils in grade 9 and also analyse sex and psychosocial elements (family relations and friendship) possible influence on the relation BMI and KASAM. The statistical material is taken from the survey “Liv och hälsa - Ung 2004 Västmanland” where the 13-item SOC-scale is used. The method of analysis is a multiple regression. The results imply weak relations between the variables. The strongest relation is between sex and BMI/KASAM, where boys show a higher BMI than girls. More family rules relate to lower BMI. Better communication, familiarity and connectedness relates to higher BMI. The variations in BMI are considerably more nuanced or fundamental than this study has been able to illustrate. Explanations can be that the variables do not have a great explanatory value, the choice of method is wrong and/or the questions concerning SOC are difficult to comprehend.
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Carlsson-Hietala, Birgitta, e Inger Hanning. "Konditionsnivå i förhållande till BMI, ålder och kön bland kontorsanställda". Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskap och medicin, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-35449.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Sammanfattning Introduktion: I dagens arbetsliv och samhälle har individen blivit allt mer stillasittande och minskat mängden motion med risk för sämre kondition trots att detta är en känd riskfaktor för sjukdom och nedsatt arbetsförmåga. Syftet med denna studie var att studera konditionsnivån hos kontorsanställda i förhållande till BMI, kön och ålder. Metod: En kvantitativ tvärsnittsstudie har genomförts baserad på data från hälsoundersökning där BMI, kön, ålder och konditionstal undersöktes. 100 personer deltog i studien, varav 33 kvinnor och 67 män i åldern 25-63 år. Resultat: De kontorsanställda hade en god syreupptagningsförmåga på i genomsnitt 37,3 ml/(kg x min) och låg över det rekommenderade konditionstalet 35 ml/(kg x min) för kontorsarbetare. Kvinnorna i gruppen hade bättre konditionstal än männen. Medelålders kvinnor (41-50 år) hade något lägre konditionstal än yngre (25-40 år)och äldre kvinnor (51-63 år). Männen med högt BMI hade ett sämre konditionstal än dem med ett lägre BMI. Konklusion: Trots stillasittande arbete hade de kontorsanställda en god kondition och det ger förutsättningar att prestera ett bra resultat i arbetet. Kvinnorna hade ett bättre konditionstal än männen och högre BMI förknippades med lägre konditionstal. Företagssköterskan och företagshälsovården kan spela en viktig roll för att medverka till förbättrad kondition och lägre vikt bland anställda, vilket skulle gynna hälsan och arbetsförmågan. Nyckelord: BMI, konditionstal, kontorsanställda, syreupptagningsförmåga och ålder.Summary Introduction: In modern working life and society, individual have become more and more sedentary and physical activity has decreased affecting the fitness level. This has occurred despite the common knowledge that a sedentary lifestyle is a risk factor associated with illness and decreased ability to work. The aim of the study was to study the fitness level of office workers in relation to BMI, sex, and gender. Method: A quantitative cross-sectional study has been done which included data from health checks including BMI, gender, age, and capacity of absorption of oxygen, which was expressed as fitness level (1-5). One hundred office workers participated in the study, 33 females and 67 males aged 25-63 years. Result: The office employees had a good capacity of absorption of oxygen, on average 37.3 ml/(kg x min), which was over the recommended fitness level 35 ml/(kg x min) for office employees. The females had a better fitness level than the males. Middle aged (41-50 years) women had somewhat lower fitness level than younger (25-40 years) and older (51-63 years)females. Men with high BMI had a lower fitness level than men with low BMI. Conclusion: The office employees had a good fitness level in spite of sedentary work and this gives conditions of performing well at work. The females had a better fitness level than the males and higher BMI was associated with lower fitness level. The company nurse and the occupational health service may play an important role in contributing to better fitness level and lower weight among office employees, which would promote health and working capacity. Keywords: Age, BMI, fitness level, office employees and oxygen uptake.
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Aronsson, Sofie, e Kaisa Hultgren. "Gestationsdiabetes : en journalgranskningsstudie". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för hälso- och vårdvetenskap (HV), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-26733.
Testo completo
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CILIBERTI, MICHELA ANNA PIA. "Variations of taste perception and possible association with bmi in healthy subjects: a functional and genomic approach". Doctoral thesis, Università di Foggia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11369/363168.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Il senso del gusto è parte del sistema sensoriale ed è una fonte importante di input sensoriali: esso influenza
l'appetibilità e il grado di accettazione di cibi o bevande. Esistono sei diversi gusti ad oggi noti, amaro, dolce,
acido, salato, umami e gusto del grasso.
Alcuni studi hanno stabilito una relazione tra variazione genetica, percezione del gusto e stato di salute:
variazioni genetiche nei geni dei recettori del gusto inducono variazioni nella percezione del gusto. Tuttavia,
la selezione del cibo dipende anche da altri fattori come lo stato nutrizionale, la fisiologia, l'ambiente e i
fattori socioculturali.
Le scelte del cibo e le abitudini alimentari possono influenzare lo stato di salute e il rischio di sviluppare
malattie complesse.
Il metodo più comunemente usato per studiare le patologie complesse è lo studio di associazione, che mira
ad identificare, in una popolazione, una correlazione tra gli alleli di uno o più marcatori genetici, soprattutto i
singoli nucleotidi polimorfici (SNP), e il fenotipo.
L'obiettivo generale di questa tesi è quello di indagare come la percezione gustativa influenza l’ indice di
massa corporea (BMI) e predispone a malattie complesse come l'obesità.
Questa ricerca include 5100 partecipanti provenienti da tre diversi progetti all'interno del consorzio
“Network Italiano Isolati Genetici” (INGI).
I DNA genomici dei soggetti sono stati estratti da campioni di sangue e poi genotipizzati utilizzando
“Illumina 370K high-throughput SNP array”, per un totale di circa 370.000 SNP per campione.
Attraverso la consultazione del database bibliografico PubMed abbiamo selezionato tutti i geni recettori del
gusto e i geni coinvolti nella cascata di trasduzione del segnale del gusto.
Abbiamo eseguito una "analisi di associazione per geni candidati" assumendo il log10 del BMI come
variabile dipendente e gli SNP di tutti i geni selezionati come regressori. Abbiamo utilizzato un modello
genetico additivo e abbiamo assunto sesso ed età come covariate.
Ogni popolazione è stata prima analizzata separatamente e poi risultati sono stati combinati mediante metaanalisi.
Dopo l’analisi del fenotipo e del genotipo, 2827 soggetti sono stati analizzati complessivamente. La metaanalisi
ha identificato alcuni polimorfismi associati con il BMI: 2 SNP appartengono al gene SCNN1B gene,
un recettore del gusto salato, invece otto SNP appartengono al gene GNAT3, un gene che codifica una
proteina-G gusto-selettiva implicata nella trasduzione del gusto dolce, amaro e umami, e 4 SNPs
appartengono al gene PDE4B, una fosfodiesterasi AMPc-specifica per la trasduzione del segnale in generale.
I risultati dei nostri studi suggeriscono che il meccanismo con cui le variazioni dei recettori del gusto
possono influenzare il BMI, e quindi il rischio di sviluppare sovrappeso e obesità, è molto complesso e
probabilmente strettamente correlato all’espressione e alla funzione dei recettori del gusto.
I nostri risultati confermano che questi geni sono altamente polimorfici e che questi polimorfismi sono legati o alla proteina del recettore o alla proteina coinvolta nella cascata del segnale.The sense of the taste is part of the sensory system and is an important source of sensory input: it influences the palatability and the degree of acceptance of foods or drinks. There are six different tastes until now known, bitter, sweet, sour, salt, umami and fat taste. Some studies established a relationship between genetic variation, taste perception and health status: genetic variations in taste receptor genes induce variations in taste perception. However, food selection depends also on other factors like nutritional status, physiology, environment and sociocultural factors. Food choices and dietary habits may influence the health status and the risk of complex diseases. The method most commonly used for studying the complex disease is the association study, that aims to identify, in a population, a correlation between the alleles of one or more genetic markers, mostly the Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs), and the phenotype. The general aim of this thesis is to investigate how taste perception affects body mass index (BMI) and predisposes to complex diseases such as obesity. This research includes 5100 participants from three different projects within “Italian Network on Genetic Isolate” (INGI) consortium. Genomic DNAs of subjects were extracted from blood samples and then were genotyped using Illumina 370k high-throughput SNP arrays, for a total of about 370.000 SNPs per samples. We selected all the taste receptors genes and the genes involved in the cascade of taste signal transduction through consultation of bibliographic database PubMed. We carry out a “candidate gene association analysis” assuming the log10 of BMI as the dependent variable and the SNPs of all selected genes as the regressors. We used an additive genetic model and gender and age as covariates. Each population was firstly separately analyzed and results were combined using meta-analysis. After phenotype and genotype analysis, 2827 subjects were analyzed overall. Meta-analyses identified some polymorphisms associated with the BMI: 2 SNPs belong to SCNN1B gene, which is a salty taste receptor, instead 8 SNPs belong to GNAT3 gene, a gene encoding a taste-selective G protein of transduction of sweet, bitter and umami taste, and 4 SNPs belong to PDE4B gene, which is a phosphodiesterase AMPc-specific for signal transduction in general. The outcomes of our studies suggest that the mechanism by which variations in taste receptors may influence the BMI, and therefore the risk of developing overweight and obesity, is very complex and probably closely related to expression and function of the taste receptors. Our results confirm that these genes are highly polymorphic and these polymorphisms are related to either protein receptor or protein involved in signaling cascade.
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Bergsman, Ann-Christin, e Camilla Karlsson. "En empirisk tvärsnittsstudie om snabbmatskonsumtion och medieanvändande hos ungdomar i nionde klass – en kvantitativ studie". Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för hälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-10976.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Syfte; Syftet var att undersöka BMI, snabbmatskonsumtion, läskintag och medieanvändande hos ungdomar i klass 9 samt se om samband fanns mellan snabbmatskonsumtion och medieanvändande. Metod; Studien var en delstudie av projektet "Mat och Hälsa 2007". Via en kvantitativ metod har 359 ungdomar i klass 9 (182 pojkar, 177 flickor) på 10 slumpmässigt utvalda skolor i ett län i Mellansverige svarat på frågor via frågeformulär. Resultat; Pojkarnas BMI var i genomsnitt 21 och för flickorna 20.4 och majoriteten av ungdomarna var normalviktiga. Drygt en tredjedel av ungdomarna åt snabbmat och pommes frites mer än två till tre gånger i månaden. Ungefär en tredjedel av ungdomarna drack läsk en gång per vecka och en femtedel uppgav att de drack läsk två till tre gånger per vecka. Majoriteten av ungdomarna tittade på tv mellan en till tre timmar per dag och gällande tv-spel uppger en majoritet att de aldrig använder denna typ av media. Mer än hälften spenderar två till tre timmar per dag eller mer framför datorn. Ett samband kan ses mellan snabbmatskonsumtion och medieanvändande. Slutsats; Ungdomarna i denna studie hade ett normalt BMI och en relativt bra kosthållning, dock en högre läskkonsumtion. Gruppen överviktiga/feta drack läst i större utsträckning än de underviktiga men båda grupperna konsumerade snabbmat lika ofta. Datoranvändandet var relativt högt hos ungdomarna men de spelade nästan aldrig tv-spel. Ett positivt signifikant samband fanns mellan snabbmatskonsumtion och medieanvändande.Background; The purpose was to investigate BMI, fast-food consumption, soft drink intake, media use among adolescent in ninth grade and if there was a correlation between fast-food consumption and media use. Method; The present study was a part of the project "Food and Health 2007". Through a quantitative method 359 adolescents in ninth grade (182 boys, 177 girls) in ten random selected schools in a county in central Sweden answered questions through surveys. Result; The boys' BMI was on average 21 and for girls 20.4 and the majority of the youths were of normal weight. Just over a third of young people ate fast food and french fries more than two to three times a month. About a third of young people drank soda once a week and a fifth reported that they drank soft drinks two to three times per week. The majority of young people watched TV between one to three hours per day and a majority declared they never used video games. More than half spend two to three hours or more per day at the computer. A correlation was found between fast food consumption and media usage. Conclusion; Youth of this study had a normal BMI and a relatively good diet, but a higher soft drink consumption. The group of overweight/obese drank soft drinks more than those who were underweight but both groups consumed fast food less often. Computer use was relatively high among young people but they almost never played video games. A positive significant correlation was found between fast food consumption and media usage.
Mat och Hälsa 2007
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Byford, Brandon. "Cross-Sectional Survey of Cardiovascular Risk Factors among Adolescents in Christchurch". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Health Sciences Centre, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/6722.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In New Zealand, cardiovascular disease is higher among Maori and Pacific
peoples than other ethnic group.
Researchers in Cardiology documented that CVD begins early in a person’s life
and that a person's risk of cardiovascular disease is determined by risk factors that
contribute to a form of CVD over time.
This thesis, “The Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Adolescents of Christchurch: A
Cross-Sectional Survey (CRFAC)”, is the first of its kind in the South Island, and was
designed to estimate the prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular disease for
adolescent high school students in New Zealand. The aims of the study were to
determine cardiovascular risk factor levels between, Pacific, Asian, Maori, and European
students, with the Pacific communities including (Samoan, Cook Islands, Tongan, and
Niuean). The CRFAC was a school-based cross-sectional survey of 1051 adolescent
students, across nine Christchurch High Schools.
The study specifically aimed to determine ethnic-specific differences in lifestyle
and intermediate variables that have been established as cardiovascular risks. Variables
included: smoking, alcohol consumption, leisure-time physical activity (LTPA),
television exposure, and sun exposure, and body mass index (BMI). Demographic
variables analyzed included: form (level of education), gender, ethnic group, and socioeconomic
status.
In regards to smoking and alcohol consumption, Maori had the highest rates
overall 77% and 88%, respectfully. As for LTPA, the type of activity that was
participated in varied between sex and ethnicity. For instance, netball was played
predominately more for females than males, and rugby was played more so by
European/Pakehas than compared to Asians. Maori and Pacific also had a higher
proportion 43.4% and 33.7%, respectively, who watched TV four or more hours per week
day on average compared to the other ethnicities. Sun exposure varied strongly with
ethnicity, with Asian students having a smaller proportion 20.1% in the high daily sun
exposure category compared with Maori 40.8 % daily (p< 0.001).
The CRFAC study results showed that demographic variables were associated
with the intermediate variables: lifestyle and BMI. The findings showed that there were
substantive ethnic variations between the four main ethnic groups (Pacific, Maori, Asian
and European) in risk factors for cardiovascular disease.
The CRFAC study was able to identify contributing factors, for which gave the
investigator clarity to possible reasons for ethnic differences in BMI. The CRFAC study
results showed that Pacific participants had the highest BMI levels of all the ethnic
groups, followed by Maori.
14
Found, Adrienne. "Longitudinal changes in body mass index in kindergarten and third graders attending urban Cincinnati Public Schools". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1318881593.
Testo completo
15
Brown, Bryant. "Fat Bone Ratio: A New Measurement of Obesity". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623227.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
A Thesis submitted to The University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Medicine.Importance: This study proposed a new radiographic measure of obesity that is a better predictive indicator of obesity‐related risk: Fat/Bone Ratio. Primary Objective: Does the Fat/Bone Ratio correlate with obesity. Secondary Objective: Does the Fat/Bone Ratio correlate more closely with the comorbidities of obesity as compared to BMI. Design: Retrospective review of 2703 upright posterior‐anterior (PA) and lateral chest radiographs obtained from June 2013 through May 2014. The soft tissue height overlying the acromioclavicular joint was calculated and divided by the mid‐clavicle width to determine the Fat/Bone Ratio. Comorbidities of obesity were determined through chart review. Setting: Adult community emergency department. Participants: All adults (age greater than 18). Main Outcomes and Measures: BMI, Fat/Bone Ratio, comorbidities: hypertension, obstructive sleep apnea, osteoarthritis, hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular accident, and myocardial infarction. Results: Fat‐to‐Bone ratio and BMI were both significantly associated with hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, obstructive sleep apnea, and osteoarthritis (P < .05). However, only Fat/Bone Ratio is associated with atherosclerosis (p = 0.02), coronary artery disease (p = 0.001), myocardial infarction (p = 0.002), and peripheral vascular disease (p = 0.01); BMI is not associated with these comorbidities (p = 0.90, 0.42, 0.25, and 0.50, respectively). Conclusions and Relevance: Findings suggest that Fat/Bone Ratio is an improved measure of obesity as compared to BMI.
16
Zelenková, Miroslava. "Epidemiological study of obesity in populations of different racial, cultural, economic and dietary background". Doctoral thesis, Česká zemědělská univerzita v Praze, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-261411.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Cílem práce bylo zjistit a zhodnotit, zda provedení adjustabilní žaludeční bandáže (bariatrická léčba) u morbidně obézních pacientů (BMI>35) vede k signifikantnímu snížení hodnoty BMI a dále na základě vybraných kritérií zhodnotit současnou situaci v oblasti obezity ve světě. Byly stanoveny dvě hypotézy: H1: provedení adjustabilní žaludeční bandáže morbidně obézním pacientům vede k signifikantnímu snížení BMI a hypotéza H2: existují rozdíly v hodnotách BMI v závislosti na geografick&eacu te;m původu, pohlaví, kulturních a ekonomických odlišnostech. Sledování se uskutečnila v klinickém centru ISCARE I.V.F. a. s. v Praze na pracovišti Centra pro léčbu obezity. Byla statisticky zpracována a zhodnocena data 159 obézních pacientů (BMI>35) operovaných v rámci bariatrické chirurgie metodou adjustabilní gastrické bandáže (věk, pohlaví, stupeň dosaženého vzdělání, hodnota BMI před operačním výkonem, 1. týden po operaci, 1 měsíc po operaci, 3 měsíce po operaci, 6 měsíců po operaci, 1 rok po operaci a komplikace související s výkonem a léčbou) a dále data WHO o hodnotách BMI podle geografického regionu, pohlaví, kulturních a ekonomických odlišností.
Hypotéza H1 byla potvrzena. Po adjustabilní žaludeční bandáži dochází u pacientů k statisticky významnému poklesu (P<0,05) hodnoty BMI (ze 42,27 - + 5,58 na 35,13 - + 6,0). Pokles hodnoty BMI není závislý na věku pacienta ani na pohlaví pacienta, avšak je signifikantně (P<0,05) ovlivněn stupněm dosaženého vzdělání. Nejlepších výsledků bylo dosaženo u vysokoškolsky vzdělaných pacientů. Procento komplikací (4,4%) po operačním zákroku bylo vzhledem k počtu provedených zákroků nízké. Také hypotéza H2 byla potvrzena. Byly prokázány rozdíly v z& aacute;vislosti na geografickém regionu, pohlaví, kulturních a ekonomických odlišnostech. První místo v dosažené hodnotě BMI zaujímá Severní Amerika, naopak nízké hodnoty BMI vykazují státy Subsaharské Afriky, u evropské populace byl zjištěn vyšší BMI u mužů nežli u žen v porovnání se zbývajícími hodnocenými oblastmi. Muži Severní Ameriky zaujímají první místo svou hodnotou BMI, zatímco u žen je to Střední Východ a Severní Afrika. Byl zjištěn pouze statisticky nevýznamný nárůst BMI v jednotlivých oblastech světa. Existuje signifikantní rozdíl (P< 0,05) v hodnotách BMI mezi ekonomicky vyspělými a ekonomicky méně vysp ělými státy. V ekonomicky méně vyspělých zemích existují rozdíly mezi BMI žen a mužů, kdy ženy mají průkazně vyšší (P< 0,05) hodnoty BMI oproti mužům. Obecně nejvyšší BMI vykazují státy s křesťanskou kulturou, poté státy s kulturou islámskou a nakonec státy ovlivněné buddhismem a hinduismem. U ekonomicky méně vyspělých států je dosahováno nejvyššího BMI u křesťanských států, naopak z ekonomicky vyspělých států mají nejvyšší hodnotu BMI státy s islámskou kulturou.
17
Johansson, Martin. "BMI för att upptäcka fetma : en litteraturundersökning". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för idrottsvetenskap (ID), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-52680.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Bakgrund: Prevalensen av fetma har ökat globalt de senaste decennierna. Fetma är associerat med förhöjd risk av sjukdomar. BMI används omfattande för att diagnostisera fetma. BMI:s sensitivitet att diagnostisera fetma hos vuxna har rapporteras vara runt 50 %.Syfte: Att undersöka BMI:s sensitivitet och specificitet i studier som jämfört BMI och kroppsfettprocent hos vuxna. Metod: Litteratursökning på MEDLINE som innefattar artiklar publicerade från och med 01-01-2010 till och med 20-12-2015. Sökord : “body mass index” AND “body composition assessment” AND overweight AND obesity AND body composition AND BMI. Studierna metodologiska kvalitet graderades. Resultat: Sökningen resulterade i tolv studier med data från arton stycken olika populationer/patientgrupper. BMI:s sensitivitet varierar från 26 % till 91 %. Referensmätmetoder för kroppsfett var DXA, BIA eller Kaliper.Slutsats: BMI:s sensitivitet skiljer sig markant mellan olika populationer och patientgrupper vid diagnostisering av fetma definierat som förhöjd andel kroppsfett jämfört med DXA, BIA och Kaliper.
18
Ruggieri, Dominique Grace. "An Investigation of Parents' Perceptions of BMI and BMI-for-age, School-Based BMI Screening Programs and BMI Report Cards: Using Framing Theory and Perceptual Mapping Methods to Develop a Tailored BMI Report Card for the School District of Philadelphia". Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2012. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/185961.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Public HealthPh.D.
School-based body mass index (BMI) screenings seek can improve parents' recall about their child's weight, increase concern about excess weight, and correct parents' misperceptions to help them make informed decisions about their child's health. However, schools have questioned parents' understanding of and attitudes about BMI, and have expressed concern about parents' reactions to BMI reports. Using a sample of school nurses (n=7) and parents/guardians (n=125) from the School District of Philadelphia (SDP), this research addressed these concerns by clarifying: 1) parents'/guardians' perceptions and knowledge about BMI; 2) the challenges schools face in communicating with parents/guardians; and 3) the messages that can be communicated to parents/guardians to help them understand their child's BMI-for-age category and why their child's BMI is measured in his/her school. The research used framing theory and perceptual mapping methods to study and improve communication about BMI to parents/guardians in the School District. The four-phase study design incorporated qualitative (focus groups and semi-structured in-depth interviews) and quantitative (cross-sectional survey) methods to assist in the development of an evidence-informed BMI report card template for the SDP. Messages were constructed to meet the needs of four distinct groups of parents/guardians that emerged from the factor and cluster analyses - "Passive Parents," "Neutral Parents," "Confident Advocates" and "Active Worriers." Although each cluster of parents/guardians had their own unique perceptions and varying degrees of assuredness and confidence related to BMI concepts, the majority of parents/guardians in this study shared common favorable perceptions about BMI measures, school-based screening programs and BMI report cards.
Temple University--Theses
19
Khanbhai, Rashida, e Nareeman Hanna. "Sambandet mellan övervikt/fetma och orala sjukdomar hos barn och ungdomar : En litteraturöversikt". Thesis, Hälsohögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, HHJ, Avd. för naturvetenskap och biomedicin, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-26966.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Bakgrund: Övervikt/fetma är ett hälsoproblem som snabbt ökar i Sverige och hela världen. Övervikt/fetma, karies och parodontit är alla kroniska och multifaktoriella sjukdomar. Dessa sjukdomar är vanligt förekommande hos både barn och ungdomar. De orala sjukdomarna är förknippade med ohälsosamma kostvanor som påverkar både orala- och allmänna hälsan och som i sin tur kan påverka vikten hos barn och ungdomar. Syfte: Att studera om det finns ett eventuellt samband mellan övervikt/fetma och orala sjukdomar hos barn och ungdomar. Metod: Detta arbete var en litteraturöversikt. För sökning av vetenskapliga artiklar användes DOSS och PubMed. Totalt genererades 393 träffar varav 50 artiklar valdes ut till fulltextgranskning. Med hjälp av en modifierad granskningsmall granskades sedan artiklarnas bevisvärde och analyserades för att avgöra om graden på artiklarna var svag, måttlig eller stark. Slutligen inkluderades 19 artiklar i studien. Resultat: Socioekonomi, BMI hos barn och föräldrar, utbildningsnivå, etnicitet, hygien- kostvanor och hälsotillstånd var av stor betydelse till utvecklingen av övervikt/fetma samt karies. Övervikt/fetma hade en direkt inverkan på parodontit men då studierna inom detta område var få anser författarna till denna litteraturstudie att ytterligare forskning inom detta område krävs. Slutsats: Merparten av dessa 19 studier har visat ett statistiskt signifikant samband mellan övervikt/fetma och orala sjukdomar och detta samband visades vara beroende av flera faktorer.The link between overweight/obesity and oral diseases in children and adolescents Background: Overweight/obesity is a health problem that is increasing rapidly in Sweden and around the world. Overweight/obesity, dental caries and periodontitis are all chronic and multifactorial diseases. These diseases are common in both children and adolescents. The oral diseases are linked to unhealthy dietary habits that affect both oral- and general health, which in turn may affect the weight of children and adolescents. Aim: To study whether there is a possible link between overweight/obesity and oral diseases in children and adolescents. Me-thod: This work was a literature review. DOSS and PubMed were used for search of scientific articles. Total generated hits were 393 of which 50 articles were selected for fulltext review. Using a modified review the articles were then examined for probative value and analyzed to determine if the the articles are weak, moderate or strong. Finally, 19 articles were included in the study. Results: Socioeconomi, BMI in children and parents, level of education, ethnicity, hygiene, nutrition and health status was of great importance in the development of overweight/obesity and dental caries. Overweight/obesity had a direct impact on periodontal disease but because of the studies in this area being few the authors of this study believe that further research in this area is required. Conclusion: The majority of these 19 studies have shown a statistically significant association between overweight/obesity and oral diseases and the relationship was shown to be dependent on several factors.
20
Lundkvist, Johanna, e Anna-Klara Palmér. "Theater practice and its association with body appreciation and self-surveillance among women". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för psykologi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-167273.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Recently, researchers have gained an increased interest in examining activities that promote a more positive body image among women. Some activities such as yoga and dance have proven to be positively associated with body appreciation, both directly and through reduced self-surveillance. Theater practice has been shown to be beneficial for several facets of mental health; however, until now no research has been conducted on its’ association with body appreciation or self-surveillance. The present study aimed to examine the relationship between theater practice and body appreciation, controlling for BMI. The study also investigated the relationship between theater practice and self-surveillance, and if self-surveillance works as a mediator between theater practice and body appreciation. Participants of 231 women aged 18-40 years (M = 27.65, SD = 5.76) answered a questionnaire on theater practice, body appreciation and self-surveillance. Path analysis revealed that theater practice had no relation to body appreciation or self-surveillance when controlling for BMI. Self-surveillance and BMI were, however, negatively associated with body appreciation. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.Den senaste tiden har forskare fått ett ökat intresse för att undersöka aktiviteter som främjar en mer positiv kroppsuppfattning hos kvinnor. En del aktiviteter såsom yoga och dans har visat sig vara positivt korrelerade med kroppsuppskattning, både direkt och genom minskad självövervakning. Teaterutövande har visat sig främja olika aspekter av mental hälsa, men hittills har ingen forskning gjorts om dess samband med kroppsuppskattning eller självövervakning. Denna studie syftade till att undersöka sambandet mellan teaterutövande och kroppsuppskattning, samt kontrollera för BMI. Studien undersökte också sambandet mellan teaterutövande och självövervakning, samt om självövervakning fungerar som en mediator mellan teaterutövande och kroppsuppskattning. Deltagare bestående av 231 kvinnor i åldrarna 18–40 år (M = 27,65, SD = 5,76) svarade på frågeformulär om teaterutövande, kroppsuppskattning och självövervakning. Stiganalys visade att teaterutövande inte hade något samband till kroppsuppskattning eller självövervakning vid kontroll av BMI. Självövervakning och BMI var emellertid negativt korrelerade med kroppsuppskattning. Teoretiska och praktiska implikationer diskuteras.
21
Larsson, Sandra, e Isabella Cederholm. "Blodtryck hos förskolebarn korrelerar med BMI redan från 12 månaders ålder". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för kostvetenskap, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-38182.
Testo completo
22
Dixon, Wallace E. Jr, Sarah A. Berry, William T. III Dalton, Stacey L. Williams e Vincent A. Carroll. "To BMI or Not to BMI: Height Versus Length in Determining Body Mass Indices in Infancy". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4922.
Testo completo
23
Karlsson, Caroline, e Emil Sandström. "Sömnduration hos barn med övervikt/fetma : En kvantitativ studie". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-270297.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Bakgrund: Normal sömn är viktigt för en rad olika faktorer, bland annat för cellförnyelse och hormonreglering. Förekomsten av övervikt hos barn (Iso-BMI ≥25) och fetma hos barn (Iso-BMI ≥30) ökar i samhället. Övervikt och fetma ger sämre sömnkvalitét. Då sömn är en del av sjuksköterskans omvårdnadsansvar är det eventuella problemet med sömnbrist vid övervikt/fetma viktigt att belysa. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att se om det finns samband mellan bukfetma och sömnduration hos barn mellan 7-13 år inom Uppsala län och jämföra detta mellan flickor och pojkar. Metod: En kvantitativ tvärsnittsstudie där materialet har samlats in genom enkäter som varje deltagare besvarat tillsammans med föräldrarna. Enkäterna besvarades i samband med nybesök till Överviktsenheten Barn och ungdom på Akademiska sjukhuset i Uppsala. Deltagarna bestod av 27 flickor och 22 pojkar. Resultat: Resultatet visade att det inte finns en statistisk signifikant skillnad mellan flickor och pojkars sömnduration under vardagar eller helgdagar. Ett statistisk signifikant samband påvisades mellan stort bukomfång och kort sömnduration under vardagar för samtliga deltagare. Liknande samband kunde inte ses för sömnduration under helgdagar och bukomfång eller mellan sömnduration och bukhöjd. Slutsats: Det finns ett samband mellan stort bukomfång och kort sömnduration för barn mellan 7-13 år. Mer omfattande studier kring detta krävs för att resultatet ska kunna generaliseras över en stor grupp människor och för att kunna förstå varför resultatet blev som det blev. Inga statistiskt signifikanta skillnader mellan flickor och pojkars sömnduration kunde ses i arbetet och inte heller några samband mellan sömnduration och bukhöjd.Background: Normal sleep is important for several different reasons, among others for the regeneration of cells and hormone regulation. The prevalence of overweight children (Iso-BMI ≥25) and obese children (Iso-BMI ≥30) has increased in society. Being overweight or obese can lead to poor sleep quality. As sleep is part of the responsibility of nurses, it is important to highlight the possible problems that result with a lack of sleep due to being overweight or obese. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether there is a correlation between being overweight/obese and sleep duration in children aged 7-13 years in the Uppsala region and compare the results between genders. Method: A quantitative cross-section study in which the material has been collected with questionnaires that every participant and their parents have answered. The questionnaires were answered for a first time visit at the Overweight unit for children and youths at Uppsala University Hospital. The participants consisted of 27 girls and 22 boys. Results: The results showed that there is no statistical significant difference between girls and boys sleep duration at weekdays or weekends. There is a statistical significant correlation between a large abdominal size and short sleep duration in weekdays. The same correlation could not been seen between abdominal size and sleep duration during weekends nor between abdominal height and sleep duration. Conclusion: There is a correlation between a large abdominal size and short sleep duration in children aged 7-13 years. More embraced studies are needed to put the results over a large group of people and to find out why the result showed what it showed. No statistical significant differences were evident between girls and boys sleep duration or between sleep duration and abdominal height.
24
Sandin, Petra, e Maria Udenius. "Påverkansfaktorer i relation till viktminskning bland gymnasieungdomar". Thesis, University of Gävle, Department of Education and Psychology, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-3671.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Syftet med studien var att undersöka om de gymnasieelever i årskurs 3 som uppgav att de försökte minska sin vikt hade ett högre Body Mass Index (BMI) än de som inte försökte minska sin vikt, samt undersöka vilka faktorer som påverkade gymnasieelevernas vilja att gå ned i vikt? Författarna använde en survey-metod i form av en enkätundersökning för att kunna jämföra variabler samt se orsakssamband och påverkansfaktorer. Enkäterna besvarades på den aktuella gymnasieskolan med respektive klassföreståndare närvarande. Studiens resultat baseras på tre gymnasieklasser i årskurs 3 och omfattar 52 elever, varav 35 flickor och 17 pojkar. Resultatet visade att den största andelen deltagare som ville minska sin vikt var de normalviktiga och anledningen var för att de ansåg sig själva som för tjocka. Det framkom att en stor del av flickorna som ville minska sin vikt även hade någon i omgivningen som försökte minska sin vikt, dock sågs ingen signifikant skillnad hos pojkarna. Vidare visade resultatet att det främst var tonårsflickor som tog till sig budskap från media och påverkades av modetidningar. Det framkom även att flickor oftast valde att banta för att förändra sitt utseende, vilket inte kunde påvisas bland pojkarna. Slutsatsen som författarna har kommit fram till är att ungdomar i dagens samhälle har en stor press på sig, där omgivningen är den största påverkansfaktorn och som i sin tur kan orsaka ohälsosamma levnadsvanor.
25
Zerpe, Anna. "Barn och ungdomar med fetma : Samband mellan upplevt problem och motivation till förändring". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-177013.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
SAMMANFATTNING Syfte: Uppsatsens syfte var att undersöka om det fanns några samband mellan ålder, iso-BMI, upplevt problem av övervikten och motivation till förändring hos barnen som behandlas på överviktsenheten för barn och ungdom. Metod: Designen var en tvärsnittstudie med kvantitativ ansats och materialet är delar av de anamnesformulär som barnen fyllt i inför nybesöket på överviktsenheten samt iso-BMI från sjukhusjournaler. Statistiska analyser gjordes i SPSS. I studien ingick 118 barn; 54 flickor och 64 pojkar. Resultat: Studien visade att 94,4 % av flickorna och 76,6% av pojkarna upplevde att deras övervikt var ett problem. Det fanns inget samband mellan iso-BMI och hur stort problem övervikten upplevdes som, men ett negativt samband mellan ålder och problemets upplevda storlek sågs i båda grupperna. Pojkar som upplevde övervikten som ett mindre problem hade högre tankar om sin förmåga att agera mot övervikten jämfört med de som upplevde övervikten som ett större problem. Resultaten visade även att de barn som trodde mycket på sin förmåga att agera mot övervikten också var mer redo att agera. Slutsats: Merparten av barnen som har kontakt med överviktsenheten upplever att deras övervikt är ett problem och det finns en koppling mellan barnets ålder och hur stort problemet upplevs. Övervikt och fetma hos barn och ungdom är ett stort samhällsproblem och fortsatta studier och utveckling av behandlingsmetoder är av stor vikt.SUMMARY Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate whether there was any correlation between age, iso-BMI, experienced problem of overweight and motivation for change in the children being treated at the pediatric obesity clinical unit. Method: The design was a cross sectional study with quantitative data. The material is a part of the questionnaire that the children and their parents filled out before their first visit at the obesity unit and iso-BMI was collected from hospital records. SPSS was used for the statistical analysis. The study included 118 children; 54 girls and 64 boys. Results: The study showed that 94.4% of girls and 76.6% of boys felt that their obesity was a problem. There was no correlation between iso-BMI and experienced problem of the overweight. In both groups a negative correlation was found between age and how big the problem was seen. Boys who experienced their overweight as a minor problem had a higher confidence in their ability to act against their overweight compared to boys who experienced their overweight as a bigger problem. The results also showed that the children who thought highly of their ability to act against their overweight also were more ready to act. Conclusion: A majority of the children who have contact with the pediatric obesity clinical unit feel that their obesity is a problem and there is a correlation between the child's age and how big the problem is perceived. Overweight and obesity in children and adolescents is a major problem in our society and further studies and development of treatment is of great importance.
26
Zheng, Ning. "Mediation modeling and analysis forhigh-throughput omics data". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statistiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-256318.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
There is a strong need for powerful unified statistical methods for discovering underlying genetic architecture of complex traits with the assistance of omics information. In this paper, two methods aiming to detect novel association between the human genome and complex traits using intermediate omics data are developed based on statistical mediation modeling. We demonstrate theoretically that given proper mediators, the proposed statistical mediation models have better power than genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to detect associations missed in standard GWAS that ignore the mediators. For each ofthe modeling methods in this paper, an empirical example is given, where the association between a SNP and BMI missed by standard GWAS can be discovered by mediation analysis.
27
Sandberg, Sara, e Nathalie Wijk. "Samhällets kostnader för övervikt och fetma : En litteraturstudie". Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för hälsa och lärande, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-12622.
Testo completo
28
Aguilar, Alejandra, Steven Gruhl e Marion Slack. "Aerobic Exercise and its Effects on HbA1c and BMI in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: a Meta-Analysis". The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/614225.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Class of 2014 AbstractSpecific Aims: To assess the effect of aerobic exercise dose has on diabetes control monitoring parameter of HbA1c and BMI. Methods: Studies were found from previous studies and through a search of PubMed. These studies were screened for eligibility and data was extracted using a data extraction tool. The outcomes of HbA1c and BMI were analyzed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software and standardized mean difference (SMD) was used to assess the impact of different doses of exercise on the outcome measures. Variability was measured using the I2 statistic and publication bias was assessed. Main Results: Nineteen studies met inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Moderate dose aerobic exercise was found to have moderate effect in reducing HbA1c and BMI (p = 0.00 & 0.03 respectively). Low dose and high dose aerobic exercise were not to reduce HbA1c (p = 0.07 & 0.13) or BMI (p = 0.61 & 0.25). There was excess variation found in both the HbA1c analysis and the BMI analysis (I2 = 72.28 & 84.04 respectively). There was no publication bias found (Kendall’s tau = 0.809). Conclusion: Moderate dose aerobic exercise was effective in reducing HbA1c and BMI, while low dose and high dose aerobic exercise were not found to have a statistically significant effect on either HbA1c or BMI.
29
Lövgren, Anna. "BMI i arbetslivet : Om relationer mellan manlig kroppsvikt, inkomst och psykosomatiska symptom". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för pedagogik, psykologi och idrottsvetenskap, PPI, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-18119.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Syftet med den här studien är att undersöka om faktorer i arbetslivet och inkomst utgör en del av villkoret för BMI och psykosomatiska symptom. Vi kan se ett växande fettförakt som blivit normerande i det västerländska samhället, men förändrar det villkoren på arbetsmarknaden? Efter att ha studerat tidigare relevant forskning i ämnet formulerades tre hypoteser: Hypotes 1 Det finns samband mellan BMI och inkomstnivå. Hypotes 2 Det finns samband mellan BMI och chefsansvar, utbildningsnivå och yrkeserfarenhet. Hypotes 3 Det finns skillnader i psykosomatiska symptom beroende på inkomstnivå och BMI. Material samlades in via enkäter och analyserades statistiskt med hjälp av både parametrisk och icke-parametrisk variansanalys samt multipel regressionsanalys (MRA). Resultatet visar att det inte finns något signifikant samband mellan BMI och inkomst, att det finns ett signifikant samband mellan BMI och yrkeserfarenhet samt att det finns en signifikant huvudeffekt för psykosomatiska symptom och BMI. Slutsatsen är att det signifikanta sambandet mellan BMI och yrkeserfarenhet är intressant, men att det är troligt att något annat påverkar då det inte är rimligt att längre yrkeserfarenhet genererar högre BMI. Den signifikanta huvudeffekten för psykosomatiska symptom och BMI kopplas till socialt sammanhang och inlärda beteenden.
30
Ark, Simon, e Filip Olausson. "Sambandsstudie mellan vertikalhopp, marklyft och BMI hos en grupp friska fysioterapeutstudenter". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Åsenlöf: Fysioterapi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-412210.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Marklyft är en övning som effektivt tränar bland annat höftextensorer, som är en av de viktigaste muskelgrupperna för att utföra ett vertikalhopp. Trots detta har inga studier gjorts på korrelationen mellan marklyft och vertikalhopp, däremot finns flertalet studier gjorda på korrelation mellan knäböj och vertikalhopp. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka eventuella samband mellan marklyft - vertikalhopp, vertikalhopp - BMI (Body Mass Index) och marklyft - BMI hos friska fysioterapeutstudenter (n = 15) på Uppsala Universitet. Detta för att undersöka om marklyft skulle kunna användas som alternativ träning för att förbättra personers vertikalhopp. Vertikalhopp mättes med elektronisk hoppmatta och marklyft med 1RM-test. BMI räknas ut med deltagarnas längd och vikt. Variablerna sammanställdes och sambandet räknades ut via Pearsons korrelationskoefficient. Resultaten visade ingen korrelation mellan vertikalhopp och marklyft (p = 0,773, r = 0,083) och en svag negativ korrelation för BMI och vertikalhopp (p = 0,514, r = -0,188). En mycket stark positiv korrelation mellan BMI och marklyft (p = 0,013, r = 0,721) påträffades, där de med högre BMI lyfte mer i marklyft. Slutsatsen av studien resulterar i att marklyft inte borde rekommenderas som en alternativ övning för att förbättra vertikalhoppsförmågan. Dock behövs fler studier med bland annat fler deltagare för att vidare undersöka eventuella kliniska tillämpningar.Deadlift is an exercise that proves to effectively train the hip extensors amongst other muscle groups, which is one of the most important muscle groups for performing a vertical jump. Despite this connection, no studies have been made on the correlation between deadlifts and vertical jumps, contrary to the numerous studies made regarding the correlation between squat and vertical jump. The purpose of this study was to examine the possible correlation between deadlifts, vertical jumps as well as BMI (Body Mass Index) amongst healthy physiotherapy students (n=15) at Uppsala University. This to assess the use of deadlift as an alternative training method to improve a person’s vertical jump ability. Vertical jumps were measured with an electronic jump mat and deadlifts were measured with 1RM-test. BMI was calculated using the person’s height and weight. The variables were then compiled and calculated using Pearson's correlation coefficient. The results presented no correlation between vertical jumps and deadlifts (p = 0,773, r = 0,083), and a weak negative correlation between BMI and vertical jumps (p = 0,514, r = -0,188). A very strong positive correlation between BMI and deadlifts (p = 0,013, r = 0,721) was detected, whereas participants with higher BMI lifted more in deadlift. The conclusion of this study dictates that deadlift should not be recommended as an alternative exercise to improve vertical jump ability. However, more studies with larger populations are needed to scrutinize clinical applications.
31
Kagawa, Masaharu. "Ethnic and cultural influences on body composition, lifestyle and body image among males". Thesis, Curtin University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/146.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The aim of this research was to determine ethnic and cultural influences on body composition, lifestyle, and aspects of body image (perception, acceptability, and satisfaction) of younger (age 18-40 years) Australian and Japanese males, the latter including groups living in Australia and Japan. The sample sizes of the three groups were 68 Japanese living in Australia, 84 Japanese living in Japan, and 72 Australian Caucasian males respectively. The methodology included body composition assessments (by anthropometry and DXA), lifestyle and body image questionnaires, and dietary records. The study found significant p<0.05) ethnic differences in the %BF at given BMI levels and for Japanese the BMI values of 23.6kg/m2 and 28.6kg/m2 were found to be equivalent to 25 and 30 for Caucasians when used to classify individuals as "overweight" and "obese". Equations in common use for the calculation of body composition in Japanese males were evaluated using modern methods of body composition assessment and found to need considerable modification. New regression equations that represent BMI-%BF relationships for Japanese and Australians were proposed: Japanese: Log %BF = -1.330 + 1.896(log BMI), (R2 = 0.547, SEE = 0.09); Australians: Log %BF = -1.522 + 2.001(log BMI), (R2 = 0.544, SEE = 0.10). Equations were also developed to predict %BF for Japanese and Australian males from body composition assessments using anthropometry and DXA: Japanese: %BF = 0.376 + 0.402(abdominal) + 0.772(medial calf) + 0.217(age), (R2 = 0.786, SEE = 2.69); Australians: %BF = 2.184 + 0.392(medial calf) + 0.678(supraspinale) + 0.467(triceps), (R2 = 0.864, SEE = 2.37). Lifestyle factors were found to influence perceptions of body image.Australian males participate in physical activity more frequently than their Japanese counterparts (Australians = 98.6% involved in vigorous activity at least once per week, Japanese living in Japan = 85.7%, Japanese living in Australia = 72.1%). Significant differences p<0.05) in energy contribution patterns were found between the Japanese group (Protein: 14.4%, Carbohydrate: 50.4%, Fat: 28.1%) and Japanese living in Australia (JA: Protein: 16.3%, Carbohydrate: 47.3%, Fat: 32.3%) and the Australians (Protein: 17.1%, Carbohydrate: 47.9%, Fat: 30.6%). This shows that the Japanese living in Australia have adopted a more westemised diet than those living in Japan. Body Image assessments were done on all study groups using the Somatomorphic Matrix (SM) computer program and questionnaires, including the Ben-Tovim Walker Body Attitudes Questionnaires, (BAQ) the Attention to the Body Shape Scale (ABS), and the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT). Japanese males tended to overestimate their weight and amount of body fat, while Australian Caucasian males underestimated these parameters. The Japanese groups had higher scores on the selfdisparagement subscale and lower scores on the strengths and the attractiveness subscales of the BAQ questionnaire than Australian males. Australian males also had higher scores on the EAT total score and the dieting subscale of the EAT questionnaire than Japanese males. When all groups of subjects selected their perceived body image from the SM program menu, these results had no relationship with measured body composition values, suggesting that further development of this program is needed for use in these populations.
32
Zhao, Hong. "A Bayesian Analysis of BMI Data of Children from Small Domains: Adjustment for Nonresponse". Digital WPI, 2006. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/1138.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
"We analyze data on body mass index (BMI) in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination survey, predict finite population BMI stratified by different domains of race, sex and family income, and investigate what adjustment needed for nonresponse mechanism. We built two types of models to analyze the data. In the ignorable nonresponse models, each model is within the hierarchical Bayesian framework. For Model 1, BMI is only related to age. For Model 2, the linear regression is height on weight, and weight on age. The parameters, nonresponse and the nonsampled BMI values are generated from each model. We mainly use the composition method to obtain samples for Model 1, and Gibbs sampler to generate samples for Model 2. We also built two nonignorable nonresponse models corresponding to the ignorable nonresponse models. Our nonignorable nonresponse models have one important feature: the response indicators are not related to BMI and neither weight nor height, but we use the same parameters corresponding to the ignorable nonresponse models. We use sample important resampling (SIR) algorithm to generate parameters and nonresponse, nonsample values. Our results show that the ignorable nonresponse Model 2 (modeling height and weight) is more reliable than Model 1 (modeling BMI), since the predicted finite population mean BMI of Model 1 changes very little with age. The predicted finite population mean of BMI is affected by different domain of race, sex and family income. Our results also show that the nonignorable nonresponse models infer smaller standard deviation of regression coefficients and population BMI than in the ignorable nonresponse models. It is due to the fact that we are incorporating information from the response indicators, and there are no additional parameters. Therefore, the nonignorable nonresponse models allow wider inference."
33
Kadavy, Kevan Daniel. "A longitudinal study of the relationship between childhood BMI and timing of dental development". Thesis, University of Iowa, 2017. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/5529.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Introduction: Prevalence of childhood obesity is at an all-time high. The effect of childhood obesity on dental development and eruption is a widespread topic today in the dental field. Several cross-sectional studies over the past decade have found an association between advanced dental development and eruption and childhood obesity. The purpose of this study is to examine the longitudinal relationship between childhood Body Mass Index (BMI), and the development of the permanent dentition. Methods: 76 subjects from a longitudinal dataset (Iowa Facial Growth Study 1946-1960) were selected to examine the relationship between BMI and dental development during childhood. Periapical and lateral cephalometric radiographs were used to provide a dental maturity score for each subject using the Demirjian et al. (1973) method at three separate time points (age 4, 8, and 12). BMI was calculated using subjects’ height and weight at each time point. Results: Children with higher BMI’s at all three time points (4, 8 and 12) tended to have advanced dental development compared to children who were of normal weight status. Children who were considered underweight (< 5th BMI percentile) were more likely to be dentally delayed. BMI at age 4 was predictive of dental development status at age 8 and 12. Conclusion: Our results add to the growing body of evidence that childhood obesity is associated with advanced dental development. This is important in the dental and orthodontic fields, as early eruption has been hypothesized to be associated with increased dental caries, crowding, and malocclusions.
34
Dahlberg, Maria, e Emma Lindkvist. "Mätmetoder för att säkrast upptäcka överviktsrelaterad ohälsa". Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-2600.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Bakgrund: Olika metoder tillämpas för att mäta övervikt och fetma och är viktiga som primär åtgärd för sjuksköterskan.Varje patientmöte ska ses som en möjlighet att lyfta de hälsofrämjande aspekterna i sjuksköterskans arbete.
Syfte: Syftet med litteraturstudien var att jämföra olika mätmetoder för att undersöka vilken som är säkrast i upptäckten av överviktsrelaterad ohälsa i ett hälsofrämjande arbete. Mätmetoderna som jämfördes var BMI, midjemått och midjahöftkvot.
Metod: Litteraturstudie.
Resultat: Viktutvärderingens första steg är att mäta längd, vikt och midjemått. Sjuksköterskor är bäst lämpade att genomföra
mätningarna för att undvika felvärden eftersom patienter har benägenhet att över/underskatta sina mått. Midjemått är ensam bättre på att korrekt kategorisera individer med den verkliga mängden fett i midjeregionen. Mätmetoden är mindre
tidskrävande och ger färre felvärden. Normal kroppsvikt kan ge falsk trygghet för dem som är till synes smala men har en hög grad bukfetma. Antalet riskfaktorer ökar signifikant hos överviktiga med ett högt midjemått. Klara samband visas mellan
midjemått och kardiovaskulära sjukdomar.
Slutsats: Midjemåttet bör användas i en större omfattning eftersom måttet har ett starkt samband med bukfetma och ökad
risk för kardiovaskulära sjukdomar. Midjemätning är en av de säkraste metoderna och ses som en preventiv åtgärd som
skyddar mot framtida sjukdomar som är sammankopplade med övervikt och fetma.
35
Östberg, Catrine, e Anna Häggstöm. "Ungdomars kostvanor i årskurs 9 : - En beskrivande och jämförande studie mellan två kommuner samtmellan flickor och pojkar i Sverige". Thesis, University of Gävle, Ämnesavdelningen för vårdvetenskap, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-6271.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The aim of the study was to describe food habits among adolescents in the ninthgrade in a big community in the middle of Sweden and a small community in thesouth of Norrland. The aim was also to analyze differences in food habits betweenthe two communities and between girls and boys in the two schools. The studywas carried out in 2009 as an empirical quantitative study with a descriptive andcomparative design. It was 64 adolescents, 33 girls and 31 boys who participatedin the study. They were responding to a questionnaire that was distributed andcollected by the authors. The results of the study showed that over half of theresponded adolescents had breakfast every day and that barely half of the schooladolescents had school lunches every day. The adolescents from the smallercommunity had more often breakfast every day than the adolescents from thebigger community. The adolescents from the school in the bigger community hadlunch more days in the week than the adolescents from the school in the smallercommunity. There was no significant difference between boys and girls breakfasthabits but more girls than boys had school lunch every day.
36
Larsson, Marit, e Pamela Jönsson. "Kroppsuppfattning hos unga kvinnor : En enkätstudie av kvinnor mellan 18 och 25 år på Linneuniversitetet i Växjö". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för hälso- och vårdvetenskap, HV, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-18308.
Testo completo
37
Oliveira, Sara Silva de. "Associação entre fatores sociodemográficos e saúde bucal em crianças e adolescentes de 3 a 15 anos". Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/58/58135/tde-27042016-155408/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a prevalência de cárie dentária e sua associação com índice de massa corpórea (IMC), bem como seus fatores de risco demográficos (sexo e idade), socioeconômicos, familiares (escolaridade dos pais, número de filhos) e comportamentais (dieta e práticas de higiene bucal) de crianças e adolescentes. Duzentos e trinta e sete crianças e adolescentes foram inseridos neste estudo. Após a autorização de participação, aplicou-se um questionário, realizou-se exame clínico intrabucal das crianças e a coleta dos dados antropométricos. Os parâmetros analisados neste estudo foram peso, altura, IMC-para-idade e número de dentes cariados, extraídos e obturados para posterior cálculo do ceo-d ou CPO-D para dentes decíduos e permanentes, respectivamente. Teste do Qui-quadrado e o teste T foram usados para analisar a associação entre as variáveis (idade, etnia, gênero, hábitos de higiene bucal e alimentar) e alterações do IMC. A média e desvio padrão do índice ceo-d nos grupos de baixo peso, peso normal, grupos de sobrepeso e obesidade, foram de 9.5 (± 0.70), 5.06 (± 4.54), 7.66 (± 4.41), e 6 (± 5.19), respectivamente (p>0,05). A porcentagem de indivíduos que estavam com a dentição hígida foi de 13,5%. Houve uma associação entre prevalência de cárie e etnia (p<0,05), indivíduos de cor branca e parda apresentaram maiores índices de cárie do que os indivíduos pretos. Características sociodemográficas como escolaridade materna e paterna não influenciaram na experiência de cárie das crianças e adolescentes (p>0,05). Em relação aos hábitos alimentares na primeira infância, o tempo de aleitamento materno não influenciou na experiência de cárie (p>0,05), por outro lado, o açúcar acrescido na mamadeira esteve associado à doença cáries (p<0,05). A escovação diária realizada somente pela criança, sem supervisão dos pais ou responsáveis, foi significativamente associada com a cárie. Não houve associação entre cárie dentária e IMC.The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of dental caries and its association with body mass index (BMI), as well as their demographic risk factors (gender and age), socioeconomic, family (parents\' education, number of children) and behavioral (diet and oral hygiene practices) of children and adolescents. Two hundred and thirty-seven children and adolescents 3-15 years treated were entered into this study at the Ribeirão Preto Dental School - USP. After the authorization of participation, we applied a questionnaire and an intraoral clinical examination of children was held and the collection of anthropometric data. The parameters analyzed in this study were weight, height, BMI-for-age and number of decayed teeth extracted and sealed for subsequent calculation of the dmft and DMFT for deciduous and permanent teeth, respectively. It was used the Chi-square test and T test to analyze the association between variables (age, ethnicity, gender, oral hygiene and dietary habits) and changes in BMI. The mean and standard deviation of the DMFT in groups of underweight, normal weight, overweight and obese groups were 9.5 (± 0.70), 5:06 (± 4:54), 7.66 (± 4:41), and six (± 5.19), respectively (p> 0.05). The percentage of subjects who were healthy female with the teeth was 13.5%. There was an association between caries prevalence and ethnicity (p <0.05), white and brown colored individuals had higher caries rates than black individuals. Sociodemographic characteristics such as maternal and paternal schooling did not influence the caries experience of children and adolescents (p> 0.05). With regard to eating habits in early childhood, the duration of breastfeeding did not affect the caries experience (p> 0.05), on the other hand, sugar plus the bottle was associated with caries disease (p <0.05). Daily brushing performed only by the child without supervision of parents or guardians, was significantly associated with caries. There was no association between dental caries and BMI.
38
Kelly, Megan Erin. "Finding a Data-Driven Definition of Binge-Watching". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2019. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1609114/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Binge-watching, the act of watching large amounts of television at a time, has become a popular phenomenon internationally; however, it has yet to be sufficiently defined. In order to define binge-watching, data was collected on specific watching instances from 216 undergraduate students at a large research university. Hierarchical and k-means cluster analyses were conducted in Phase I to empirically determine how binge-watching should be defined. In Phase II, that definition was tested by correlating the number of instances of binge-watching in a one-week period, collected by seven days of daily diary logs, with several theoretically related measures including body mass index, dissociative tendencies, psychological distress, compulsion to watch, boredom proneness, and escapism through watching. The data-driven definition was found to be that eight hours or more of continuous watching was binge-watching, while anything less than that was not. In Phase II, the frequency of binge-watching through the seven-day period was calculated based on that new definition. The frequency of binge-watching was positively correlated with body mass index and dissociative tendencies with statistical significance at the alpha = .05 level. Compulsion to watch was not statistically significant; however, there was a positive correlation. These findings indicate that the proposed data-driven definition has concurrent validity. Psychological distress, boredom proneness, and escapism through watching were not statistically significantly related to binge-watching frequency, nor did the effect sizes indicate a correlation may exist. Potential reasons for these results are discussed. The definition found in this study will be helpful to other researchers as research into binge-watching continues to grow.
39
Foy, Martha. "Family Systems Variables as Predictors of Eating Styles and Body Mass Index". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27835.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Obesity is a heterogeneous condition that can seriously impact the degree to which one is healthy and socially accepted. It is generally considered to be greatly influenced by genetic factors. Given that we cannot change our genes, it was the purpose of this study to try to further understand the variables related to obesity that are not genetic. Specifically, the purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of certain family systems variables and childhood feeding practices on Body Mass Index (BMI). The family variables of interest were intergenerational intimacy, intergenerational differentiation, intergenerational triangulation, spousal intimacy, spousal differentiation, nuclear family triangulation, and the relationship between eating and sex. The childhood feeding variables of interest related to the use of food as a reward, coercive use of food, parental disagreement about feeding, the expression of love through food, and feeding enmeshment (i.e., the perception of parental overcontrol in feeding). Because certain eating styles have been found to be related to obesity, further investigation revolved around the impact of the family and feeding variables on eating styles. The eating styles of interest were restrained eating, emotional eating, external eating, and binge eating. The variables were studied by surveying employees of a school system in southwest Virginia.
Body Mass Index was found to be significantly positively correlated with feeding enmeshment, weight as a means of sexual avoidance, and eating in response to a lack of physical affection. Restrained eating was not found to be significantly related to any family or childhood feeding variable. Emotional eating, external eating, and binge eating were all significantly negatively correlated with intergenerational intimacy, spousal differentiation, and nuclear family triangulation health, significantly positively correlated with sexual avoidance and deprivation of affection. In addition, emotional eating and binge eating were significantly negatively correlated with intergenerational differentiation, while external eating and binge eating were significantly negatively correlated with spousal intimacy. Emotional eating was positively correlated with all of the childhood feeding practices, while external eating and binge eating were correlated with four and three, respectively, of the feeding practices. While there were many significant correlational findings, there were few significant coefficients in the hierarchical regression analyses, presumably because of the high intercorrelations between the predictor variables (the family and feeding variables).
In general, it can be said that family functioning and childhood feeding behaviors are relevant to overeating and overweight. The family and feeding variables are better predictors of eating styles that can lead to obesity than of obesity per se. High levels of dysfunction in families and frequent use of food in non-nutritional ways are associated with high levels of emotional, external, and binge eating. These findings may have implications for physicians and therapists.Ph. D.
40
HE, XIN. "A CASE-CONTROL STUDY OF 16 POLYMORPHISMS IN 13 CANDIDATE GENES AND OBESITY IN SAMOANS". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1051129022.
Testo completo
41
Rose, Melanie. "Soul Line Dancing Among African American Women in the Church: an Expectancy-value Model Approach". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2012. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc149658/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Guided by the expectancy value model of achievement choice, this study examined the relationships among expectancy value constructs (expectancy related beliefs and subjective task values), effort and intention for future participation in a culturally specific dance, soul line, among African American adult women in the church setting. Participants were 100 African American women who were members of the women’s ministries from four predominantly African American churches in the Dallas/Ft. Worth metropolitan area. Participants completed a 20-minute soul line session and responded to survey questions, validated in previous research, assessing their expectancy-related beliefs, subjective task values, effort, intention for future participation and physical activity. This was the first study to use the expectancy value model as a guide to determine motivations attached to physical activities among African American adult women. Usefulness, a component of subjective task values, emerged as a predictor of intention for future participation. Eighty-one percent of the women did not meet physical activity guidelines for aerobic activity. Of those inactive women 60% indicated an interest in doing soul line dancing often at their church after one short exposure to the activity as indicated by the strongest possible response to both intention questions. A slightly smaller percent of the active women provided with a strong positive response for future intention. These findings suggest that soul line dancing is a practical avenue to increase physical activity among African American women in the church. Future research should test this theoretical model on a wider variety of individuals who are sedentary to physically active, measure actual participation, and directly measure BMI and physical activity.
42
Olson, Brad G., Yonatan Kurland, Paula F. Rosenbaum e Travis R. Hobart. "Rapid Weight Gain in Pediatric Refugees after US Immigration". SPRINGER, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623519.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Prior studies of immigrants to the United States show significant weight gain after 10 years of US residence. Pediatric refugees are a vulnerable population whose post-immigration weight trajectory has not been studied. We examined the longitudinal weight trajectory of 1067 pediatric refugees seen in a single university based refugee health program between the dates of September 3, 2012 and September 3, 2014 to determine how quickly significant weight gain occurs post-arrival. The most recent BMI was abstracted from the electronic health record and charts reviewed to obtain serial BMI measurements in 3 year increments after the date of US arrival. The mean arrival BMI percentile for all refugees was 47th percentile. This increased significantly to the 63rd percentile within 3 years of US arrival (p < 0.01). This rapid increase was largely attributable to African and South and Southeast Asian refugees. The overall prevalence of age and sex adjusted obesity rose from 7.4 % at arrival to 18.3 % within 9 years of US immigration exceeding the pediatric US national obesity prevalence of 16.9 %. Pediatric refugees are at increased risk of rapid weight gain after US immigration. Targeted interventions focused on prevention of weight gain in specific populations are warranted.
43
Hoelzer, C. Garrett, Evelyn Phillips, Marna Rautenbach e Marion Slack. "Exercise and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Exercise Duration and Intensity and Their Effects on HbA1c and BMI". The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/614264.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Class of 2013 AbstractSpecific Aims: To assess the impact that exercise-type has on diabetes control through improvement in monitoring parameters such as hemoglobin A1c and fasting blood glucose. Methods: Studies were selected using a study inclusion tool and then data was extracted using the data extraction tool. The primary outcomes assessed were BMI and HbA1c. The standardized mean difference (SMD) was the main summary measure and the I2 statistic ¬¬¬¬¬¬was used to assess variability among the studies. Main Results: Ten studies met inclusion criteria (Total N = 1,787). The age range of patients was 40-66 years old with equal amounts of male and female participants. Aerobic and resistance exercise were effective (p < 0.01) in reducing A1c; Tai Chi was not (p = 0.50). Aerobic exercise did not have a significant effect on BMI (p = 0.07), however Tai Chi and Resistance exercise did (p<0.04). Conclusion: Aerobic and resistance exercise produced a significant reduction in HbA1c, whereas Tai Chi did not. The non-significant impact aerobic exercise had on BMI was probably due to large variation between the studies. No significant differences were found between the different forms of exercise and their overall impact on diabetes control. Based upon the data incorporated in this meta-analysis, it is reasonable for patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 to use aerobic or resistance exercise to improve their HbA1C. However, it remains to be seen whether recommending specific exercise types over others will provide increased benefit.
44
Rupp, John R. "The Relationships Among BMI, Waist Circumference, Weight Loss and Health Indicators". UKnowledge, 2015. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/foodsci_etds/39.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Current health recommendations encourage weight loss for overweight and obese individuals. However, the importance of weight to health is still unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of weight loss on overall health in a sample of adults who have completed a 10 or 12 week weight loss intervention. The study sample included males and females (n =99) between the ages of 27 -64 years that had a BMI of 29-45 kg/m². The study design is a secondary data analysis of data from two different behavioral weight loss interventions. Both interventions prescribed a reduced calorie diet, increased physical activity, and self-monitoring of diet and physical activity. Of the 99 participants, 28 lost greater than 5% of baseline body weight and saw the most significant changes in waist circumference (p<0.001), systolic blood pressure (p=0.004), diastolic blood pressure (p=0.002), and total cholesterol (p=0.001). This group experienced improvements in every lab value tested. More research with larger sample sizes and longer trial periods need to be done in order to strengthen the validity of the weight loss interventions.
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Trimbach, Kara Elizabeth. "Examining Perceptions of Obesity-Related Training Opportunities and Needs for Head Start Health and Nutrition Managers". Miami University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1588247558473111.
Testo completo
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Godói, Antônio Carlos Bastos de. "Detecção de potenciais evocados P300 para ativação de uma interface cérebro-máquina". Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3142/tde-19112010-115232/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Interfaces cérebro-computador ou Interfaces cérebro-máquina (BCIs/BMIs do inglês Brain-computer interface/Brain-machine interface) são dispositivos que permitem ao usuário interagir com o ambiente ao seu redor sem que seja necessário ativar seus músculos esqueléticos. Estes dispositivos são de extrema valia para indivíduos portadores de deficiências motoras. Esta dissertação ambiciona revisar a literatura acerca de BMIs e expor diferentes técnicas de pré-processamento, extração de características e classificação de sinais neurofisiológicos. Em particular, uma maior ênfase será dada à Máquina de vetor de suporte (SVM do inglês Support-Vector machine), método de classificação baseado no princípio da minimização do risco estrutural. Será apresentado um estudo de caso, que ilustra o funcionamento de uma BMI, a qual permite ao usuário escolher um dentre seis objetos mostrados em uma tela de computador. Esta capacidade da BMI é conseqüência da implementação, através da SVM de um sistema capaz de detectar o potencial evocado P300 nos sinais de eletroencefalograma (EEG). A simulação será realizada em Matlab usando, como sinais de entrada, amostras de EEG de quatro indivíduos saudáveis e quatro deficientes. A análise estatística mostrou que o bom desempenho obtido pela BMI (80,73% de acerto em média) foi promovido pela aplicação da média coerente aos sinais, o que melhorou a relação sinal-ruído do EEG.Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) or Brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) technology provide users with the ability to communicate and control their environment without employing normal output pathway of peripheral nerves and muscles. This technology can be especially valuable for highly paralyzed patients. This thesis reviews BMI research, techniques for preprocessing, feature extracting and classifying neurophysiological signals. In particular, emphasis will be given to Support-Vector Machine (SVM), a classification technique, which is based on structural risk minimization. Additionally, a case study will illustrate the working principles of a BMI which analyzes electroencephalographic signals in the time domain as means to decide which one of the six images shown on a computer screen the user chose. The images were selected according to a scenario where users can control six electrical appliances via a BMI system. This was done by exploiting the Support-Vector Machine ability to recognize a specific EEG pattern (the so-called P300). The study was conducted offline within the Matlab environment and used EEG datasets recorded from four disabled and four able-bodied subjects. A statistical survey of the results has shown that the good performance attained (80,73%) was due to signal averaging method, which enhanced EEG signal-to-noise ratio.
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Klaesson, Anna, e Kristin Jirénius. "O-vikt-igt? : - Vikt- och Kroppsuppfattningens Påverkan på Social Ångest Över Tid". Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-26563.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Många drabbas av social ångest. Vikt och kroppsuppfattning relaterar till social ångest men sambandet behöver tydliggöras. Syftet med studien var att se hur mycket av variationen i social ångest över tid som kan förklaras av vikt-, och kroppsrelaterade mått, samt undersöka könsskillnader. Studien var longitudinell och baserades på en enkätundersökning vid två insamlingstillfällen med ett års mellanrum (N=361). Resultatet visade att upplevd övervikt, felaktigt upplevd övervikt, kön och kroppsnöjdhet tillsammans förklarade 7 % av variationen i social ångest över tid. Tjejer som var missnöjda med sina kroppar löpte ökad risk att rapportera högre grad av social ångest vid tidpunkt 2. Slutsatsen är att tjejer och killar har olika relation till sina kroppar vilket bör beaktas vid behandling och prevention.Many people suffer from social anxiety. There is a relationship between weight and body perception connected to social anxiety but the link needs to be sorted out. The aim with our study was to clarify to what extent social anxiety is due to weight and body related concerns and to examine gender differences. The study was longitudinal and based on a survey performed at two occasions with one year interval (N=361). The result showed that perceived overweight, incorrectly perceived overweight, gender and body satisfaction predicts 7 % of the variety in social anxiety one year ahead. Girls who were dissatisfied with their bodies ran an increased risk reporting a higher level of social anxiety at the second occasion. Conclusively, as girls' and boys' relationships with their bodies differ, this findings should be considered in treatments and preventive programs.
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Lavin, Ingela, e Anna Wänman. "Effekter av kolhydraträkning vid diabetesdebut hos barn och ungdomar : En registerstudie". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för omvårdnad, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-90934.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Aims and objectives. To examine whether an intervention with carbohydrate- counting at onset of type 1 diabetes in children, has had any effect on metabolic indicators such as HbA1c , BMI-sds and total daily insulin / kg, 2 months and 1 year after onset by age and gender .Background. The pediatric department at the university hospital of Norrland in Umeå (NUS), has since several years a higher average HbA1c among children 0-17 years, compare with pediatric departments in the rest of Sweden. Therefore, in autumn 2011, an intervention was made to teach children with diabetes and their parents to count carbohydrates from the onset of diabetes. Using this method they can regulate their insulin doses depending on the amount of carbohydrates they are eating. Design. This is an empirical registry study done on the basis of a quantitative method. It is retrospective controlled non- randomized with comparison group .Methods. The study included 46 children aged 0-17 years diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. Those who fell ill in 2009 (n=22) did not learn to use carbohydrate counting and served as a control group. The intervention group were diagnosed 2011-2012, (n=24), began using carbohydrate counting at the onset of diabetes.Results. The study shows with significant security that carbohydrate counting lowers HbA1c two months and one year after onset of type 1 diabetes. No significant difference was found in BMI-sds. The study shows no significant difference in HbA1c between the sexes.Conclusion. Carbohydrate-counting from onset of diabetes gives a significant reduction of HbA1c without affecting BMI-sds significantly.Relevance to clinical practice. It is important that health professionals continue to teach and support families in carbohydrate counting from the onset of diabetes.Keywords. children, HbA1c, BMI- sds , type 1 diabetes , carbohydrate counting
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García-García, Isabel, Annette Horstmann, María Angeles Jurado, Maite Garolera, Shereen J. Chaudhry, Daniel S. Margulies, Arno Villringer e Jane Neumann. "Reward processing in obesity, substance addiction and non-substance addiction". Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-196512.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Similarities and differences between obesity and addiction are a prominent topic of ongoing research. We conducted an activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis on 87 studies in order to map the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) response to reward in participants with obesity, substance addiction and non-substance (or behavioural) addiction, and to identify commonalities and differences between them. Our study confirms the existence of alterations during reward processing in obesity, non-substance addiction and substance addiction. Specifically, participants with obesity or with addictions differed from controls in several brain regions including prefrontal areas, subcortical structures and sensory areas. Additionally, participants with obesity and substance addictions exhibited similar blood-oxygen-level-dependent fMRI hyperactivity in the amygdala and striatum when processing either general rewarding stimuli or the problematic stimuli (food and drug-related stimuli, respectively). We propose that these similarities may be associated with an enhanced focus on reward – especially with regard to food or drug-related stimuli – in obesity and substance addiction. Ultimately, this enhancement of reward processes may facilitate the presence of compulsive-like behaviour in some individuals or under some specific circumstances. We hope that increasing knowledge about the neurobehavioural correlates of obesity and addictions will lead to practical strategies that target the high prevalence of these central public health challenges.
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Erixon, My, e Alma Joyce. "Secure Attachment to Friends and its Association with Body Appreciation". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för psykologi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-178135.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In recent years, researchers have become interested in the concept of a positive body image. Interpersonal relationships influence the acceptance and appreciation of the body. However, prior studies on positive body image has almost exclusively focused on studying general instead of specific relationships. The present study sought to investigate whether the association between secure attachment to friends and body appreciation is moderated by the personality trait Extraversion in young adults. The participants were 194 men and women aged 18 to 25 years (M = 22, SD = 1.78) who completed a questionnaire measuring body appreciation, secure attachment to friends and Extraversion. The results of a hierarchal regression showed that secure attachment to friends did not predict body appreciation and that Extraversion did not have a moderating effect. Extraversion was, however, positively associated with body appreciation, above and beyond the effect of sex, BMI and parental socioeconomic status. These findings contribute to a richer understanding of the potential advantages of including Extraversion when studying body image in young adults.Begreppet positiv kroppsbild har under den senaste tiden börjat att fånga forskares intresse. Acceptans och uppskattning av sin kropp påverkas av interpersonella relationer. Tidigare studier på positiv kroppsbild har dock nästan uteslutande fokuserat på att studera generella istället för specifika relationer. Denna studie syftade till att utforska huruvida trygg anknytning till vänner hos unga vuxna påverkar kroppsuppskattningen och om sambandet modereras av personlighetsdraget Extraversion. Deltagarna var 194 kvinnor och män i åldrarna 18 till 25 år (M = 22, SD = 1.78) som besvarade en enkät gällande kroppsuppskattning, trygg anknytning till vänner och extraversion. Resultatet av en hierarkisk regression visade att trygg anknytning till vänner inte förutspådde kroppsuppskattning och att extraversion inte hade en modererande effekt. Extraversion var dock positivt korrelerat med kroppsuppskattning, även efter det att kön, BMI och föräldrars socioekonomiska status kontrollerats för. Dessa fynd bidrar till en större förståelse för de potentiella fördelarna med att inkludera extraversion vid studier av positiv kroppsbild bland unga vuxna.