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Long, Pham Van, Gaston Giuliani, Anthony E. Fallick, Andrian J. Boyce e Vincent Pardieu. "Trace elements and oxygen isotopes of gem spinels in marble from the Luc Yen - An Phu areas, Yen Bai province, North Vietnam". VIETNAM JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES 40, n. 2 (19 maggio 2018): 165–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0866-7187/40/2/12241.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Trace elements investigated by electron microprobe analysis (EMPA) have been combined with oxygen isotopic composition of pink, red and other colored spinels (blue, purple, brown, orange, lavender) hosted by marbles and found in placers from Luc Yen and An Phu deposits, Yen Bai province, North Vietnam. The deposits are those from Nuoc Ngap, Cong Troi, Bai Son and different placers from the An Phu area. Trace elements such as Fe-Zn-Cr-V in red and pink gem spinels permit to separate those from Cong Troi and those from the others deposits of the An Phu area. Spinels from Cong Troi have low to extremely low Zn (< 500 ppm) and high Fe contents (3,000 to 16,000 ppm) while those from An Phu area are Zn-rich (up to 11,000 ppm). Iron is the dominant element for the other colored spinels whereas Zn, Cr and V contents are extremely variable. The Bai Son blue spinel is Fe-rich (5,000 to 7,200 ppm) with some V (950 to 1,830 ppm), Cr (270 to 480 ppm), Co (240 to 400 ppm) and Ni (550 to 950 ppm). The O-isotope composition of the whole spinels ranges between 12.1 and 24.2‰ (n = 25). Within each deposit, the range of δ18O values for red, pink and colored spinels is usually similar. However, the red and pink spinels from An Phu present two distinct sets of δ18O values, respectively between 13.2 to 17.0‰ (n = 7) and 22.5< δ18O < 24.2 (n = 5). Those from Cong Troi are from 14.8 to 17.7‰ (n = 3) and their range overlaps that of An Phu. The use of O-isotopes is not useful for distinguishing between the deposits, but the low to extremely low Zn content of the Cong Trois spinels is a discriminant. The variation of δ18O values (12.1 <δ18O < 24.2‰) of the whole spinels indicates that the oxygen isotopic compositions of the metamorphic fluids were probably buffered by the local δ18O values of the impure host marbles.ReferencesChauviré B., Rondeau B., Fritsch E., Ressigeac Ph., Devidal J.-L., 2015. Blue spinel from the Luc Yen district of Vietnam. Gems & Gemology, 51, 2-17.D'Ippolito V., Andreozzi G.B., Hålenius H., Skogby H., Hametner K., Günther D., 2015. Colour mechanisms in spinel: cobalt and iron interplay for the blue colour. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 42, 431-439.Garnier V., 2003. Les gisements de rubis associés aux marbres de l’Asie Centrale et du Sud-est: genèse et caractérisation isotopique. PhD thesis INPL, Nancy, France, 373p.Garnier, V., Ohnenstetter, D., Giuliani, G., Maluski, H., Deloule, E., Phan Trong Trinh, Pham Van Long, Hoang Quang Vinh, 2005. Age and significance of ruby-bearing marbles from the Red River shear zone, northern Vietnam. The Canadian Mineralogist, 43, 1315-1329.Garnier V., Giuliani G., Ohnenstetter D., Fallick A.E., Dubessy J., Banks D., Hoang Quang Vinh, Lhomme Th., Maluski H., Pêcher A., Bakhsh K.A., Pham Van Long, Phan Trong Trinh, Schwarz D., 2008. Marble-hosted ruby deposits from central and Southeast Asia: towards a new genetic model. Ore Geology Reviews, 34, 169-191.Giuliani G., Fallick A.E., Garnier V., France-Lanord Ch., Ohnenstetter D., Schwarz D., 2005. Oxygen isotope composition as a tracer for the origins of rubies and sapphires. Geology, 33(4), 249-252.Giuliani G., Fallick A.E., Boyce A.J., Pardieu V., Pham Van Long, 2017. Pink and red spinels in marble: trace elements, oxygen isotopes, and sources. The Canadian Mineralogist, 55, 743-761.Hauzenberger C.A., Häeger T., Baumgartner L.P., Hofmeister W., 2001. High-grade metamorphism and stable isotope geochemistry of N-Vietnamese gem-bearing rocks. In: Proceedings of the Workshop on gems and minerals of Vietnam, Hanoi, 124-138.Hauzenberger C.A., Bagola C., Häeger T., Muellen C., Nguyen Ngoc Khoi, Le Thi Thu Huong, 2014. Mineralogy and petrology of the An Phu marble hosted spinel and corundum deposit, Luc Yen, N-Vietnam. In Proceedings of the 4th International Gem and Jewelry Conference, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 76-78.Kleišmantas A., Daukšyte A., 2016. The influence of Vietnam and Sri Lanka spinel mineral chemical elements on colour. Chemija, 27, 45-51.Kretz R., 1983. Symbols for rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 68, 277-279.Le Thi Thu Huong, Häeger T., Hofmeister W., Hauzenberger C., Schwarz D., Pham Van Long, Wehmeister U., Nguyen Ngoc Khoi, Nguy Tuyet Nhung, 2012. Gemstones from Vietnam: An update. Gems & Gemology, 48, 158-176.Malsy A., Klemm L., 2010. Distinction of gem spinels from the Himalayan mountain belt. Chimia, 64(10), 741-746.Malsy A., Karampelas S., Schwarz D., Klemm L., Armbruster T., Tuan Do Anh, 2012. Orangey-red to orangey-pink gem spinels from a new deposit at Lang Chap (Tan Huong - Truc Lau), Vietnam. The Journal of Gemmology, 33, 19-27.Pham Van Long, Hoang Quang Vinh, Garnier V., Giuliani G., Ohnenstetter D., Lhomme,T., Schwarz D., Fallick A.E., Dubessy J., Phan Trong Trinh, 2004. Gem corundum deposits in Vietnam. Journal of Gemmology, 29, 129-147.Pham Van Long, Pardieu V., Giuliani G., Nguy Tuyet Nhung, Pham Thi Thanh Hien, Pham Duc Anh, Nguyen Ngoc Khoi, Hoang Quang Vinh, 2014. Gemmological characteristics of spinel from Luc Yen, Yen Bai. Journal of Geology, 340, 29-36.Pham Van Long, Pardieu V., Giuliani G., 2014. Update on gemstone mining in Luc Yen, Vietnam. Gems & Gemology, 49, 233-245.Pouchou J.L., Pichoir F., 1991. Quantitative analysis of homogeneous or stratified microvolumes applying "PAP" In Electron Probe Quantification (K.F.J. Heinrich & D.E. Newbury eds.). Plenum Press, New York, USA, 31-75.Valley J.W., 1986. Stable isotope geochemistry of metamorphic rocks. Reviews in Mineralogy, 16, 445-481.Yui T.F., Khin Zaw, Wu C.-M., 2008. A preliminary stable isotope study on Mogok ruby, Myanmar. Ore Geology Reviews, 34, 182-199.
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Gray, Keith D., V. Isakson, D. Schwartz e Jeffrey D. Vervoort. "Orogenic link ∼41°N–46°N: Collisional mountain building and basin closure in the Cordillera of western North America". Geosphere 16, n. 1 (5 dicembre 2019): 136–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/ges02074.1.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Polyphase structural mapping and mineral age dating across the Salmon River suture zone in west-central Idaho (Riggins region; ∼45°30′N, ∼117°W–116°W) support a late Mesozoic history of penetrative deformation, dynamothermal metamorphism, and intermittent magmatism in response to right-oblique oceanic-continental plate convergence (Farallon–North America). High-strain linear-planar tectonite fabrics are recorded along an unbroken ∼48 km west-to-east transect extending from the Snake River (Wallowa intra-oceanic arc terrane; eastern Blue Mountains Province) over the northern Seven Devils Mountains into the lower Salmon River Canyon (ancestral North America; western Laurentia). Given the temporally overlapping nature (ca. 145–90 Ma) of east-west contraction in the Sevier fold-and-thrust belt (northern Utah–southeast Idaho–southwest Montana segment), we propose that long-term terrane accretion and margin-parallel northward translation in the Cordilleran hinterland (∼41°N–46°N latitude; modern coordinates) drove mid- to upper-crustal shortening >250 km eastward into the foreland region (∼115°W–113°W). During accretion and translation, the progressive transfer of arc assemblages from subducting (Farallon) to structurally overriding (North American) plates was accommodated by displacement along a shallow westward-dipping basal décollement system underlying the Cordilleran orogen. In this context, large-magnitude horizontal shortening of passive continental margin strata was balanced by the addition of buoyant oceanic crust—late Paleozoic to Mesozoic Blue Mountains Province—to the leading edge of western Laurentia. Consistent with orogenic float modeling (mass conservation, balance, and displacement compatibility), diffuse dextral-transpressional deformation across the accretionary boundary (Salmon River suture: Cordilleran hinterland) was kinematically linked to eastward-propagating structures on the continental interior (Sevier thrust belt; Cordilleran foreland). As an alternative to noncollisional convergent margin orogenesis, we propose a collision-related tectonic origin and contractional evolution for central portions of the Sevier belt. Our timing of terrane accretion supports correlation of the Wallowa terrane with Wrangellia (composite arc/plateau assemblage) and implies diachronous south-to-north suturing and basin closure between Idaho and Alaska.
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SOKOLOV, IGOR M., e CHRISTOPHER E. CARLTON. "Two new species of blind, forest litter-inhabiting ground beetles from the subtribe Anillina (Carabidae: Trechinae: Bembidiini) from eastern U.S.A." Zootaxa 1740, n. 1 (2 aprile 2008): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1740.1.4.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Two new species of anilline ground beetles are described from the Appalachian Mountains of eastern United States. The description of Serranillus septentrionis n. sp. is based on specimens collected in montane areas of western Virginia (37°25.33’N, 79°45.43’W). This species extends the range of the genus approximately 200 km north of its closest known congeners, S. dunavani (Jeannel) and S. jeanneli Barr, and differs from them mainly in characters of the male genitalia. A key is provided that will allow separation of these three species without dissection. The description of Anillinus cherokee n. sp. is based on specimens collected in Great Smoky Mountains National Park and nearby areas of Nantahala National Forest, western North Carolina (35°21.33’N, 83°56.05’W). The species is externally similar to A. loweae Sokolov and Carlton and A. steevesi Barr, and differs from those species in characters of the male genitalia.
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Berno, Tracy, Eilidh Thorburn, Mindy Sun e Simon Milne. "International visitor surveys". Hospitality Insights 3, n. 1 (26 giugno 2019): 7–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/hi.v3i1.53.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
International visitor surveys (IVS) are traditionally designed to provide destinations with marketing data and intelligence. The New Zealand Tourism Research Institute has been developing new approaches to IVS implementation and data collection in the Pacific Islands that can provide a much richer source of information [1]. The research outlined here is the first to utilise an IVS to explore the positioning of cuisine in the culinary identity of a destination – specifically, the cuisine of the Cook Islands. The Cook Islands is known primarily for its sun, sea and sand features, rather than its culinary attributes. Drawing on data mining of the Cook Islands IVS (2012–2016) and a web audit of destination websites and menus, this paper considers the positioning of food and food-related activities within the Pacific nation’s tourism experience.
National tourism organisations are increasingly seeking competitive advantage by utilising their local cuisines as tourist attractions. Research suggests that distinctive local cuisines can act as both a tourism attraction, and as a means of shaping the identity of a destination [2, 3]. In addition to providing an important source of marketable images, local cuisine can also provide a unique experience for tourists. This reinforces the competitiveness and sustainability of the destination [2].
The cuisine of the Cook Islands has come up repeatedly in recommendations for how the country can grow its tourism revenue. Recommendations have been made to improve the food product on offer, develop a distinctive Cook Islands cuisine based on fresh, local produce, and to promote a Cook Islands cuisine experience [4, 5], and to use these to market the Cook Islands as a destination for local food tourism experiences [4]. Despite these recommendations, Cook Island cuisine features less prominently than stereotypical sun, sea, and sand marketing images, and little is known about tourists’ perceptions of and satisfaction with food and food-related activities [6]. Our research addresses this gap by mining IVS data to gain a deeper understanding of tourists’ experiences and perceptions of food in the Cook Islands and assessing whether local food can be positioned as means of creating a unique destination identity.
Two methods were used to develop a picture of where food sits in the Cook Islands tourist experience: one focussed on tourist feedback; and the other focused on how food is portrayed in relevant online media. Analysis of all food-related data collected as part of the national IVS between 1 April 2012 and 30 June 2016 was conducted (N = 10,950). A web audit also focused on how food is positioned as part of the Cook Islands tourism product.
After identifying the quantitative food-related questions in the IVS, satisfaction with these activities was analysed. Qualitative comments related to food experiences were also examined. The results suggest that participation in food-related activities is generally a positive feature of the visitor experience. The web-audit revealed, however, that food is not a salient feature in the majority of Cook Islands-related websites, and when food did feature, it tended to be oriented towards international cuisine with a ‘touch of the Pacific’ rather than specifically Cook Islands cuisine. This reinforced findings from the IVS data mining that Cook Islands food is presented as a generic tropical ‘seafood and fruit’ cuisine that, largely, lacks the defining and differentiating features of authentic Cook Island cuisine.
High participation rates in food-related activities and overall positive evaluations by visitors emerged from the IVS data, yet a dearth of images and information on the country’s food suggests that the Cook Islands is not exploiting its cuisine and food experiences to their full potential. As a direct result of this secondary analysis of IVS data, which highlighted the importance of and potential for food-related activities, the Cook Islands Government is now actively addressing this gap by developing a range of food-related resources and information that can better link tourism to local cuisine. In addition to developing a greater presence of local food in online resources, the Cook Islands Tourism Corporation has also taken on board the messages from the IVS to drive the development of Takurua [7] – an initiative to develop and document local, traditional cuisine and share it with the world. This approach is part of a broader ongoing effort to differentiate the Cook Islands from other South Pacific destinations through its unique cultural attributes.
Data mining and secondary analysis of IVS data has not been restricted to the identification of food-related opportunities. Secondary analysis of IVS data in the Pacific has also been used to investigate the impact of other niche markets such as events [8] and to gauge the impact of environmental incidents, for example Cyclone Pam in Vanuatu [9] and algal bloom in the Cook Islands [10], thus reinforcing that IVS data are a rich source of information and are indeed more than just numbers.
Corresponding author
Tracy Berno can be contacted at tracy.berno@aut.ac.nz
References
(1) New Zealand Tourism Research Institute (NZTRI). Cook Islands Resources and Outputs; NZTRI: Auckland. http://www.nztri.org.nz/cook-islands-resources (accessed Jun 10, 2019).
(2) Lin, Y.; Pearson, T.; Cai, L. Food as a Form of Destination Identity: A Tourism Destination Brand Perspective. Tourism and Hospitality Research 2011, 11, 30–48. https://doi.org/10.1057/thr.2010.22
(3) Okumus, F.; Kock, G.; Scantlebury, M. M.; Okumus, B. Using Local Cuisines when Promoting Small Caribbean Island Destinations. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing 2013, 30 (4), 410–429.
(4) Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO). Linking Farmers to Markets: Realizing Opportunities for Locally Produced Food on Domestic and Tourist Markets in Cook Islands. FAO Sub-regional Office of the Pacific Islands: Apia, Samoa, 2014.
(5) United Nations. “Navigating Stormy Seas through Changing winds”: Developing an Economy whilst Preserving a National Identity and the Modern Challenges of a Small Island Developing State. The Cook Islands National Report for the 2014 Small Islands Developing States (SIDS) Conference and post 2015 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/1074217Cook%20Is%20_%20Final%20NATIONAL%20SIDS%20Report.pdf (accessed Jun 10, 2019).
(6) Boyera, S. Tourism-led Agribusiness in the South Pacific Countries; Technical Centre for Agriculture and Rural Cooperation (CTA): Brussels, 2016.
(7) Cook Islands Tourism Corporation (CITC). Takurua: Food and Feasts of the Cook Islands; CITC: Avarua, Cook Islands, 2018.
(8) Thorburn, E.; Milne, S.; Histen, S.; Sun, M.; Jonkers, I. Do Events Attract Higher Yield, Culturally Immersive Visitors to the Cook Islands? In CAUTHE 2016: The Changing Landscape of Tourism and Hospitality: The Impact of Emerging Markets and Emerging Destinations; Scerri, M., Ker Hui, L., Eds.; Blue Mountains International Hotel Management School: Sydney, 2016; pp 1065–1073.
(9) Sun, M.; Milne, S. The Impact of Cyclones on Tourist Demand: Pam and Vanuatu. In CAUTHE 2017: Time for Big Ideas? Re-thinking the Field for Tomorrow; Lee, C., Filep, S., Albrecht, J. N., Coetzee, W. JL, Eds.; Department of Tourism, University of Otago: Dunedin, 2017; pp 731–734.
(10) Thorburn, E.; Krause, C.; Milne, S. The Impacts of Algal Blooms on Visitor Experience: Muri Lagoon, Cook Islands. In CAUTHE 2017: Time for Big Ideas? Re-thinking the Field For Tomorrow; Lee, C., Filep, S., Albrecht, J. N., Coetzee, W. JL, Eds., Department of Tourism, University of Otago: Dunedin, 2017; pp 582–587.
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Giampiccolo, Elisabetta, Carla Musumeci, Stephen D. Malone, Stefano Gresta e Eugenio Privitera. "Seismicity and stress-tensor inversion in the central Washington Cascade Mountains". Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 89, n. 3 (1 giugno 1999): 811–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/bssa0890030811.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Tectonic stress in the Pacific Northwest Washington is dominated by a N-S major compressive axis, σ1, and a minor compressive axis, σ3, which varies from E-W to near vertical. Some variations in this pattern occur in different parts of the region. In this study, we used 550 earthquakes in the central Washington Cascade Mountains to study, in detail, the uniformity of the stress tensor in this volcanic arc. Earthquakes from the Pacific Northwest Seismograph Network (PNSN) catalog were divided into several subsets based on epicentral and depth groupings, and stress-tensor inversions using the Gephart and Forsyth technique were computed for each group. As in previous similar studies, the maximum compressive stress axis, σ1, is nearly horizontal and trending N-S to NNE-SSW in all but one subset. Shallower events directly under Mount Rainier have a near-vertical σ1. For other subsets, the minimum compressive stress axis, σ3, deviates from vertical to horizontal for different groups of events. In particular, events in the depth range of 10 to 14 km in the western Rainier seismic zone (WRSZ) have near-vertical σ3 direction, whereas other depth ranges in this area show a near-horizontal, E-W σ3 orientation. We hypothesize that the change in orientation of σ3 in the 10 to 14 km depth range in the WRSZ may be due to the influence of the nearby Mount Rainier magmatic system. Independent evidence for magma at this depth comes in the form of a few deep long-period (LP) events.
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Siimenson, Carolin, Jaanus Kruusma, Erik Anderson, Maido Merisalu, Väino Sammelselg, Enn Lust e Craig E. Banks. "Prussian Blue Modified Solid Carbon Nanorod Whisker Paste Composite Electrodes: Evaluation towards the Electroanalytical Sensing ofH2O2". International Journal of Electrochemistry 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/238419.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Metallic impurity free solid carbon nanorod “Whiskers” (SCNR Whiskers), a derivative of carbon nanotubes, are explored in the fabrication of a Prussian Blue composite electrode and critically evaluated towards the mediated electroanalytical sensing of H2O2. The sensitivity and detection limits for H2O2on the paste electrodes containing 20% (w/w) Prussian Blue, mineral oil, and carbon nanorod whiskers were explored and found to be 120 mA/(M cm2) and 4.1 μM, respectively, over the concentration range 0.01 to 0.10 mM. Charge transfer constant for the 20% Prussian Blue containing SCNR Whiskers paste electrode was calculated, for the reduction of Prussian Blue to Prussian White, to reveal a value of1.8±0.2 1/s (α=0.43,N=3). Surprisingly, our studies indicate that these metallic impurity-free SCNR Whiskers, in this configuration, behave electrochemically similar to that of an electrode constructed from graphite.
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Casassa, Gino, Henry H. Brecher, Carlos Cárdenas e Andrés Rivera. "Mass balance of the Antarctic ice sheet at Patriot Hills". Annals of Glaciology 27 (1998): 130–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/1998aog27-1-130-134.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Glaciological data collected at Patriot Hills, Antarctica (80°18'S, 81°22'W), are used to assess the local mass balance of the ice sheet. The data were collected during two field campaigns conducted by the Instituto Antartico Chileno in January and November 1995. Measurements included surveying of stakes, and ice thickness derived from discrete radar soundings with a ground-based high-frequency impulse system. Ablation occurred on the bare-ice field at the base of Patriot Hills, with a maximum value of 7g cm −2a−1. Net accumulation was detected away from the mountains, over the firn-covered area of the glacier, with a maximum rate of 10 g cm 2 a−1 Ice thickens rapidly away from the mountains, reaching a thickness of 383 m, the maximum range of the radar system, near the center of the blue-ice field. No significant difference in surface elevation of the ice was detected over the 305 d period, which indicates that the ice is in near-equilibrium at Patriot Hills.
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Eagle, Aston A., Charles G. Young e Edward R. T. Tiekink. "Tp*WIVO(S2CNEt2): the Missing Member of the Series". Australian Journal of Chemistry 57, n. 3 (2004): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch03224.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The missing member of the series Tp*ME(S2CNEt2) (M = Mo, W; E = O, S), namely Tp*WO(S2CNEt2), has been synthesized by oxygen-atom transfer from pyridine N-oxide to Tp*W(S2CNEt2)(CO)2. The air-stable, blue-purple complex was characterized by microanalysis, mass spectrometry (m/z 645 (100%), [M]+), cyclic voltammetry, and IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. Solutions of the complex are dichroic and solvatochromic. The X-ray crystal structure of the complex revealed a six-coordinate, distorted octahedral complex with axial oxo (W = O 1.680(5) Å), ‘equatorial’ dithiocarbamate (W—S 2.3962(17) and 2.4102(17) Å), and facial tridentate Tp* ligands. The synthesis and characterization of Tp*WCl3 are also reported.
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Matzner, Steven L., Kevin J. Rice e James H. Richards. "Factors affecting the relationship between carbon isotope discrimination and transpiration efficiency in blue oak (Quercus douglasii)". Functional Plant Biology 28, n. 1 (2001): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp99088.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In a greenhouse study, variation in plant and leaf transpiration efficiency(W, A/E)and carbon isotope discrimination (D) were assessed forQuercus douglasii Hook & Arn. (blue oak) from a‘wet’ (930 mm) and a ‘dry’ (500 mm) site. Plants weregrown at 75–100% (wet) and 50–75% (dry) of fieldcapacity. Family variation masked population level differences, and twocontrasting patterns emerged. The expected pattern was observed with drytreatment plants having lower leaf internal CO 2concentration (c i ) and D, andhigher W andA/E. For families with verylarge increases in plant size from dry to wet treatments, however, wettreatment plants had lower c i andD, and higher W andA/E, reflecting a greaterinfluence of the maximum assimilation rate (Amax ) compared with stomatal conductance(g s ) on ci . In addition, large within-population variation inplant size appears to have affected both n (the vapor pressure deficit) andø c (a measure of respiredcarbon). Lower n for large plants may be due to the higher rates of stomatalconductance and greater leaf cooling. Values of øc appear to have increased for plants below 2.5 g (drymatter, DM). Variation in these factors would directly affect the relationshipbetween W and D. This study illustrates a case where significant within-population variation can occur in the relative effect ofg s and Amax on c i .In addition this study indicates that øc may not be a constant for a species.
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Dussan Molinos, Laura, Cord Huchzermeyer, Robert Lämmer, Jan Kremers e Folkert K. Horn. "Blue–Yellow VEP with Projector-Stimulation in Glaucoma". Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology 260, n. 4 (25 novembre 2021): 1171–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00417-021-05473-w.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Background and aim In the past, increased latencies of the blue-on-yellow pattern visually evoked potentials (BY-VEP), which predominantly originate in the koniocellular pathway, have proven to be a sensitive biomarker for early glaucoma. However, a complex experimental setup based on an optical bench was necessary to obtain these measurements because computer screens lack sufficient temporal, spatial, spectral, and luminance resolution. Here, we evaluated the diagnostic value of a novel setup based on a commercially available video projector. Methods BY-VEPs were recorded in 126 participants (42 healthy control participants, 12 patients with ocular hypertension, 17 with “preperimetric” glaucoma, and 55 with perimetric glaucoma). Stimuli were created with a video projector (DLP technology) by rear projection of a blue checkerboard pattern (460 nm) for 200 ms (onset) superimposed on a bright yellow background (574 nm), followed by an offset interval where only the background was active. Thus, predominantly S-cones were stimulated while L- and M-cone responses were suppressed by light adaptation. Times of stimulus onset to VEP onset-trough (N-peak time) and offset-peak (P-peak time) were analyzed after age-correction based on linear regression in the normal participants. Results The resulting BY-VEPs were quite similar to those obtained in the past with the optical bench: pattern-onset generated a negative deflection of the VEP, whereas the offset-response was dominated by a positive component. N-peak times were significantly increased in glaucoma patients (preperimetric 136.1 ± 10 ms, p < 0.05; perimetric 153.1 ± 17.8 ms, p < 0.001) compared with normal participants (123.6 ± 7.7 ms). Furthermore, they were significantly correlated with disease severity as determined by visual field losses retinal nerve fiber thinning (Spearman R = –0.7, p < 0.001). Conclusions Video projectors can be used to create optical stimuli with high temporal and spatial resolution, thus potentially enabling sophisticated electrophysiological measurements in clinical practice. BY-VEPs based on such a projector had a high diagnostic value for detection of early glaucoma. Registration of study Registration site: www.clinicaltrials.gov Trial registration number: NCT00494923.
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Wendt, Anja, Gino Casassa, Andres Rivera e Jens Wendt. "Reassessment of ice mass balance at Horseshoe Valley, Antarctica". Antarctic Science 21, n. 5 (ottobre 2009): 505–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102009002053.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractHorseshoe Valley (80°18′S, 81°22′W) is a 30 km wide glaciated valley at the south-eastern end of Ellsworth Mountains draining into the Hercules inlet, Ronne Ice Shelf. The ice at Horseshoe Valley has been considered stable; now we use Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements obtained between 1996 and 2006 to investigate ice elevation change and mass balance. Comparison of surface heights on a profile across Horseshoe Valley reveals a slight but significant elevation increase of 0.04 m a-1 ± 0.002 m a-1. The blue ice area of Patriot Hills (∼13 km2) at the mount of Horseshoe Valley shows large interannual variability in area, with a maximum extent in 1997, an exceptionally warm summer, but no clear multi-year trend, and an elevation increase of 0.05 m a-1 in eight years, which agrees with the result from Horseshoe Valley.
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Hadnagy, István. "Climatic conditions of wind energy use in the Polonyna Borzhava Mountains (Transcarpathia, Ukraine)". DRC Sustainable Future: Journal of Environment, Agriculture, and Energy 1, n. 2 (21 novembre 2020): 136–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.37281/drcsf/1.2.6.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper deals with the statistical structure, seasonal peculiarities of wind climate at meteorological station Play (in Ukrainian: метеорологічна станція Плай, location: 48°40’1” N; 23°11’51” E, 1330 m above sea level) located in the Polonyna Borzhava Mountain of the North-Eastern Carpathians. Furthermore, it determines significant parameters of exploiting wind energy. Weibull distribution was applied to determine specific wind power and characterize its annual course. Wind speed was analyzed together with the available daily and yearly course of wind power. Wind power density determined by means of distribution parameters at Play is 169.0 W/m2 and 8.0-9.0 m/s winds yield most energy over the year. The minimum number of energetically utilizable wind hours is in summer, while its maximum is in spring. On the territory represented by the measuring point, a 3 m/s start-up speed wind turbine could operate 63% time over the year. Finally, the periods were specified, and those wind directions were chosen that are richer in wind energy than others. The most frequent characteristic wind direction with the highest mean velocity in each season is south-western; its average relative frequency is 34.4%. Mean speed of characteristic wind directions is 5.8 m/s. South-western wind direction yields 47% of the total energy.
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Todor, Bianca Ioana, Luminita Ligia Vaida, Abel Emanuel Moca, Bianca Negrutiu, Teodora Stefanescu, Alexandra Ioana Lucan e Ioana Scrobota. "Assessment of Oral Hygiene Status by Using Disclosing Agents to Schoolchildren from Rural Areas". Revista de Chimie 70, n. 8 (15 settembre 2019): 2780–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.19.8.7426.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Poor oral hygiene, in terms of gingival bleeding and increasing accumulation of plaque and calculus with increasing age, have been reported among school-aged children, in both developed- and developing countries, causing unsatisfactory oral health among children. The aim of this study was to determine oral hygiene status by calculating Oral Hygiene Index -Simplified (OHI-S), using disclosing agents, and to examine whether socio-economic and behavioral correlates of oral hygiene status, in school children from rural areas, N-W Romania. For the highlighting of the bacterial plaque were used two tone dental plaque disclosing agent, which contains Erythrosine and Brilliant Blue FCF. The OHI-S index is divided according to its values in several categories as follows: very good hygiene = OHI-S Index between 0 and 1; good hygiene = OHI-S Index between 1.1 and 2; unsatisfactory hygiene = OHI-S Index between 2.1 and 3; poor hygiene = Index OHI-S between 3.1 and 6. The average value of the OHI-S index in children in rural areas of N-W Romania was 1.78, a higher value than most of the values identified in the bibliographical references. Using disclosing agents may improve oral health status in schoolchildren, by increasing the awareness of their personal oral hygiene condition.
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Barsony, M., N. Z. Scoville e C. J. Chandler. "Detection of Magnetohydrodynamic Shocks in the L1551 Outflow". International Astronomical Union Colloquium 140 (1994): 222–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100019515.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractWe report the results of CO J=l—+0 mapping of portions of the blue outflow lobe of L1551 with ~ 7” (N-S) × 4” (E-W) resolution, obtained with the 3-element OVRO millimeter array. Comparison of our interferometer mosaic with lower resolution single-dish data shows that we resolve the strongest single-dish emission regions into filamentary structures, such as are characteristic of shock fronts mapped via their near-infrared H2 emission in other outflow sources.
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Ezati, Maryam, Ebrahim Gholami, Seyed Morteza Mousavi, Ahmad Rashidi e Reza Derakhshani. "Active Deformation Patterns in the Northern Birjand Mountains of the Sistan Suture Zone, Iran". Applied Sciences 12, n. 13 (30 giugno 2022): 6625. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12136625.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In this paper, faults, one of the most important causes of geohazards, were investigated from a kinematic and geometric viewpoint in the northern part of the Sistan suture zone (SSZ), which serves as the boundary between the Afghan and Lut blocks. Furthermore, field evidence was analyzed in order to assess the structural type and deformation mechanism of the research area. In the northern Birjand mountain range, several ~E–W striking faults cut through geological units; geometric and kinematic analyses of these faults indicate that almost all faults have main reverse components, which reveals the existing compressional stress in the study area. The northern Birjand mountain range is characterized by four main reverse faults with ~E–W striking: F1–F4. The F1 and F2 reverse faults have southward dips, while the F3 and F4 reverse faults have northward dips. Moreover, the lengths of the F1, F2, F3, and F4 faults are 31, 17, 8, and 38 km, respectively. These faults, with reverse components that have interactive relationships with each other, form high relief structures. The study area’s main reverse faults, including F1 to F4, are extensions of the Nehbandan fault system, while their kinematics and geometry in the northern Birjand mountain range point to an N–S pop-up structure.
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Chen, Hongfei, Zhong Xie, Xiujuan Jin, Chao Luo, Chao You, Ying Tang, Di Chen, Zhengjia Li e Xiaohong Fan. "TiO2and N-Doped TiO2Induced Photocatalytic Inactivation ofStaphylococcus aureusunder 405 nm LED Blue Light Irradiation". International Journal of Photoenergy 2012 (2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/848401.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Irradiation source has been a serious impediment to induce photocatalytic bacterial inactivation which was taken as an advanced indoor air purification technique. Here we reported the synergistic effects of 405 nm LED light and TiO2photocatalyst in inactivation process ofStaphylococcus aureus(S. aureus). In this work, TiO2and N-doped TiO2particles were, respectively, suspended into the nutrient broth suspension withS. aureus. Then, the mixed system was exposed to a 405 nm LED light source with energy density of about 0.2 W/cm2for 3 hours. Irradiated suspension was then scanned by UV-vis spectrophotometer for bacteria survive/death rate statistics. Subsequently, the inactivation efficiency was calculated based on the difference of the absorption optical density between experimental and controlled suspensions. Results showed that both TiO2and N-doped TiO2particles exhibit potential bacterial inactivation effects under similar experimental conditions. Specifically, N-doped TiO2with the concentration of 5 g/L displayed enhanced inactivation efficiency againstS. aureusunder 405 nm LED light irradiation. Thus, it is a promising indoor air purification technique by using N-doped TiO2particles under the LED light irradiation.
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HU, Juwei, Xin DAI e Guangyu SUN. "Morphological and Physiological Responses of Morus alba Seedlings under Different Light Qualities". Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 44, n. 2 (14 dicembre 2016): 382–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha44210486.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Light quality can influence the photosynthetic characteristics, morphology and physiological processes of plants. To investigate the effects of different light qualities (white light, W; red light, R; blue light, B; mixture of red and blue light, RB) of light emitting diodes (LEDs) and white cold fluorescent lamp on the growth and morphology of fruiting mulberry plants (Morus alba L. cv. ‘Longsang No.1’), fruiting mulberry plants were grown under different light qualities: W, R, B and RB of the same photosynthetic photo flux density (PPFD; 100 μmol m-2 s-1) for 20 d. Our results showed that stem length and leaf area of plants grown under R were the highest. However, stem length and leaf area of plants grown under B were lowest. Dry weights (DW), leaf mass per area (LMA), chlorophyll a/b ratio, soluble protein content, sucrose and starch content, and total leaf nitrogen (N) content of plants grown under R were the lowest. Net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (gs), and actual photochemical efficiency of PSII (ΦPSII) of plants grown under RB were similar to plants grown under W. Net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and ΦPSII of plants grown under R and B were lower than plants grown under W and RB. Antioxidant enzymes activity of plants grown under R, RB and B were higher than plants grown under W. The number of leaf stomata, leaf thickness, palisade tissue length and spongy tissue length were the lowest in plants grown under R. The number of leaf stomata, leaf thickness and palisade tissue length of plants grown under RB and B were higher than plants grown under R. The results of this study indicate that a certain ratio of mixed red and blue LEDs light can reduce adverse effects of monochromatic red and blue LEDs light on fruiting mulberry growth and development.
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Karagatzides, Jim D., Martin C. Lewis e Herbert M. Schulman. "Nitrogen fixation in the high arctic tundra at Sarcpa Lake, Northwest Territories". Canadian Journal of Botany 63, n. 5 (1 maggio 1985): 974–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b85-131.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The acetylene reduction assay was used to examine biological nitrogen fixation in the high arctic tundra at Sarcpa Lake, Northwest Territories (68°32′ N, 83°19′ W). The highest rates of acetylene reduction (9.37 ± 3.19 μmol C2H4 m−2 h−1) were in habitats that had a high density of the legumes Oxytropis maydelliana, O. arctobia, and Astragalus alpinus. Nitrogen fixation in the wet soils along the shore of a small lake was similar (8.87 ± 4.35 μmol C2H4 m−2 h−1) because of the blue-green alga Nostoc, which associates with mosses. Free-living blue-green algae and lichens made insignificant contributions to the total nitrogen fixation budget because they were uncommon and fixed nitrogen at a slower rate. Nitrogen-fixing lichens in the area included Stereocaulon arenarium and S. rivulorum. It is concluded that legumes have a significant input to the biological nitrogen fixation budget at Sarcpa Lake.
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Fournier, Marc, Claude Lepvrier, Philippe Razin e Laurent Jolivet. "Late Cretaceous to Paleogene post-obduction extension and subsequent Neogene compression in the Oman Mountains". GeoArabia 11, n. 4 (1 ottobre 2006): 17–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/geoarabia110417.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
ABSTRACT After the obduction of the Semail ophiolitic nappe onto the Arabian Platform in the Late Cretaceous, north Oman underwent several phases of extension before being affected by compression in the framework of the Arabia-Eurasia convergence. A tectonic survey, based on structural analysis of fault-slip data in the post-nappe units of the Oman Mountains, allowed us to identify major events of the Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic tectonic history of northern Oman. An early ENE-WSW extensional phase is indicated by synsedimentary normal faults in the Upper Cretaceous to lower Eocene formations. This extensional phase, which immediately followed ductile extension and exhumation of high-pressure rocks in the Saih Hatat region of the Oman Mountains, is associated with large-scale normal faulting in the northeast Oman margin and the development of the Abat Basin. A second extensional phase, recorded in lower Oligocene formations and only documented by minor structures, is characterized by NNE (N20°E) and NW (N150°E) oriented extensions. It is interpreted as the far-field effect of the Oligocene-Miocene rifting in the Gulf of Aden. A late E-W to NE-SW directed compressional phase started in the late Oligocene or early Miocene, shortly after the collision in the Zagros Mountains. It is attested by folding, and strike-slip and reverse faulting in the Cenozoic series. The direction of compression changed from ENE-WSW in the Early Miocene to almost N-S in the Pliocene.
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Xu, Kun, e Yipeng Jing. "Photometric Objects Around Cosmic Webs (PAC) Delineated in a Spectroscopic Survey. II. Morphology, Color, and Size Dependences of the Stellar–Halo Mass Relation for Massive Galaxies". Astrophysical Journal 926, n. 2 (1 febbraio 2022): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac4707.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract In this paper, we report a robust measurement of the morphology, color, and galaxy size dependences of the stellar–halo mass relation (SHMR) at the high-mass end (1011.3 M ⊙ < M ⋆ < 1011.7 M ⊙) at redshift z s ∼ 0.6. 3 3 Throughout the paper, we use z s for redshift and z for the z-band magnitude. Applying our method, Photometric objects Around Cosmic webs (PAC), developed in a previous work to Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey and Hyper Suprime-cam Subaru Strategic Program observations, we measure the excess surface density ( n ¯ 2 w p ( r p ) ) of satellites around massive central galaxies with different morphologies indicated by the Sérsic index n. We find that more compact (larger n) central galaxies are surrounded by more satellites. With the abundance matching method, we estimate the halo mass for the central galaxies and find that it increases monotonically with n, solid evidence for a morphology dependence of the SHMR. Specifically, our results show that most compact galaxies (n > 6) have a halo mass around 5.5 times larger than disk galaxies (n < 2). Similarly, using the effective radius R e and the rest-frame u − r color, we find that red (large) galaxies reside in halos that are in average 2.6 (2.3) times more massive than those hosting blue (small) galaxies.
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Orzechowski, Kamil, Marek Wojciech Sierakowski, Marzena Sala-Tefelska, Tomasz Ryszard Woliński, Olga Strzeżysz e Przemysław Kula. "Investigation of Kerr effect in a blue phase liquid crystal using wedge-cell technique". Photonics Letters of Poland 9, n. 2 (1 luglio 2017): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v9i2.738.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In this work an alternative method for refractive index measurement of blue phase liquid crystal in the Kerr effect has been described. The proposed wedge method uses simple goniometric setup, allowing for direct index measurements for any wavelengths and index values. This is significant advantage comparing to other methods, usually having limitations of the measurement range as well as necessity complicated calculation to obtain refractive indices values. The results are reliable and agree well with the subject literature. Full Text: PDF ReferencesW. Cao et al., "Lasing in a three-dimensional photonic crystal of the liquid crystal blue phase II", Nat. Mater. 1, 111-113 (2002). CrossRef S. Meiboom, M. Sammon, W.F. Brinkman, "Lattice of disclinations: The structure of the blue phases of cholesteric liquid crystals", Phys. Rev. A. 27, 438 (1983). CrossRef S. Tanaka et al., "Double-twist cylinders in liquid crystalline cholesteric blue phases observed by transmission electron microscopy", Sci. Rep. 5, 16180 (2015). CrossRef Y. Li and S.-T. Wu, "Polarization independent adaptive microlens with a blue-phase liquid crystal", Opt. Express 19(9), 8045-8050 (2011). CrossRef N. Rong et al., "Polymer-Stabilized Blue-Phase Liquid Crystal Fresnel Lens Cured With Patterned Light Using a Spatial Light Modulator", J. of Disp. Technol. 12(10), 1008-1012 (2016). CrossRef J.-D. Lin et al., "Spatially tunable photonic bandgap of wide spectral range and lasing emission based on a blue phase wedge cell", Opt. Express 22(24), 29479-29492 (2014). CrossRef P. Joshi et al., "Tunable light beam steering device using polymer stabilized blue phase liquid crystals", Photon. Lett. Poland 9(1), 11-13 (2017). CrossRef Ch.-W. Chen et al., "Temperature dependence of refractive index in blue phase liquid crystals", Opt. Mater. Express 3(5), 527-532 (2013). CrossRef Y.-H. Lin et al., "Measuring electric-field-induced birefringence in polymer stabilized blue-phase liquid crystals based on phase shift measurements", J. Appl. Phys. 109, 104503 (2011). CrossRef J. Yan et al., "Direct measurement of electric-field-induced birefringence in a polymer-stabilized blue-phase liquid crystal composite", Opt. Express 18(11), 11450-11455 (2010). CrossRef K.A. Rutkowska, K. Orzechowski, M. Sierakowski, "Wedge-cell technique as a simple and effective method for chromatic dispersion determination of liquid crystals", Photon. Lett. Poland 8(2), 51-53 (2016). CrossRef O. Chojnowska et al., "Electro-optical properties of photochemically stable polymer-stabilized blue-phase material", J. Appl. Phys. 116, 213505 (2014). CrossRef J. Yan et al., "Extended Kerr effect of polymer-stabilized blue-phase liquid crystals", Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 071105 (2010). CrossRef M. Chen et al., "Electrically assisting crystal growth of blue phase liquid crystals", Opt. Mater. Express 4(5), 953-959 (2014). CrossRef J. Kerr, Philos. Mag. 50, 337 (1875).
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Jiménez-Amezcua, Rosa María, Robert Josep Villanueva-Silva, Rubén Octavio Muñoz-García, Emma Rebeca Macias-Balleza, María Thais Helena Sydenstricker Flores-Sahagún, María Guadalupe Lomelí-Ramírez, José Guillermo Torres-Rendón e Salvador García-Enriquez. "Preparation of Agave tequilana Weber nanocrystalline cellulose and its use as reinforcement for acrylic hydrogels". BioResources 16, n. 2 (24 febbraio 2021): 2731–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.16.2.2731-2746.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) was prepared from Agave tequilana Weber blue variety via acid hydrolysis. The NCC was used in forming acrylic acid/acrylamide hydrogels (AA/AM), (80/20 w/w), crosslinked with N-N-methylene bisacrylamide (MBA) at addition levels of 1, 2, 4, and 8 wt% of the monomeric phase. The NCC was dosed at 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 wt%. Two synthesis routes were used. In the first route, polymerization was performed immediately after mixing the components. In the second route, the mixture of the components was kept at 2 °C ± 1 °C for 24 h before the polymerization (thermal treatment). All the hydrogels were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), water absorption tests, scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis, and rheology tests. The NCC particles had a diameter of approximately 75 nm. The hydrogels that were subjected to the thermal treatment reached the equilibrium after approximately 72 h. The un-treated hydrogels reached the equilibrium after approximately 58 h. The thermally treated samples had a lower swelling degree and the swelling degree decreased as the crosslinking degree and the NCC concentration increased. The swelling kinetics followed the Schott´s pseudo-second-order.
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Mosbah, Amor, Habib Chouchane, Soukaina Abdelwahed, Alaeddine Redissi, Manel Hamdi, Soumaya Kouidhi, Mohamed Neifar, Ahmed Slaheddine Masmoudi, Ameur Cherif e Wissem Mnif. "Peptides Fixing Industrial Textile Dyes: A New Biochemical Method in Wastewater Treatment". Journal of Chemistry 2019 (30 luglio 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5081807.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The aim of the present work was the development of a new biological method for the treatment of textile industry effluents, which is cheaper, more profitable, and eco-friendly. This method is essentially based on the synthesis of dye-fixing peptides. The use of peptides synthesized via a solid-phase synthesis to fix a reference textile dye like “Cibacron blue” (CB) and the performance analysis of binding assays were the main objectives of this study. For this reason, two peptides P1 (NH2-C-G-G-W-R-S-Q-N-Q-G-NH2) and P2 (NH2-C-G-G-R-R-Y-Q-P-D-S-NH2) binding with the CB dye were synthesized by the solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) technique. The obtained results showed significant fixation yields of CB-peptides of 91.5% and 45.9%, respectively, and consequently, their interesting potential as a tool for a new biochemical method in the pollution prevention of textile wastewater.
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Terhune, Patrick J., Jeffrey A. Benowitz, Jeffrey M. Trop, Paul B. O’Sullivan, Robert J. Gillis e Jeffrey T. Freymueller. "Cenozoic tectono-thermal history of the southern Talkeetna Mountains, Alaska: Insights into a potentially alternating convergent and transform plate margin". Geosphere 15, n. 5 (16 luglio 2019): 1539–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/ges02008.1.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract The Mesozoic–Cenozoic convergent margin history of southern Alaska has been dominated by arc magmatism, terrane accretion, strike-slip fault systems, and possible spreading-ridge subduction. We apply 40Ar/39Ar, apatite fission-track (AFT), and apatite (U-Th)/He (AHe) geochronology and thermochronology to plutonic and volcanic rocks in the southern Talkeetna Mountains of Alaska to document regional magmatism, rock cooling, and inferred exhumation patterns as proxies for the region’s deformation history and to better delineate the overall tectonic history of southern Alaska. High-temperature 40Ar/39Ar thermochronology on muscovite, biotite, and K-feldspar from Jurassic granitoids indicates postemplacement (ca. 158–125 Ma) cooling and Paleocene (ca. 61 Ma) thermal resetting. 40Ar/39Ar whole-rock volcanic ages and 45 AFT cooling ages in the southern Talkeetna Mountains are predominantly Paleocene–Eocene, suggesting that the mountain range has a component of paleotopography that formed during an earlier tectonic setting. Miocene AHe cooling ages within ∼10 km of the Castle Mountain fault suggest ∼2–3 km of vertical displacement and that the Castle Mountain fault also contributed to topographic development in the Talkeetna Mountains, likely in response to the flat-slab subduction of the Yakutat microplate. Paleocene–Eocene volcanic and exhumation-related cooling ages across southern Alaska north of the Border Ranges fault system are similar and show no S-N or W-E progressions, suggesting a broadly synchronous and widespread volcanic and exhumation event that conflicts with the proposed diachronous subduction of an active west-east–sweeping spreading ridge beneath south-central Alaska. To reconcile this, we propose a new model for the Cenozoic tectonic evolution of southern Alaska. We infer that subparallel to the trench slab breakoff initiated at ca. 60 Ma and led to exhumation, and rock cooling synchronously across south-central Alaska, played a primary role in the development of the southern Talkeetna Mountains, and was potentially followed by a period of southern Alaska transform margin tectonics.
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Imbrogno, S., L. De Iuri, R. Mazza e B. Tota. "Nitric oxide modulates cardiac performance in the heart of Anguilla anguilla". Journal of Experimental Biology 204, n. 10 (15 maggio 2001): 1719–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.204.10.1719.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Nothing is known about the effects of nitric oxide (NO) on cardiac performance in fish. Using an in vitro working heart preparation that generates physiological values of output pressure, cardiac output and ventricular work and power, we assessed the effects of NO on the cardiac performance of the eel Anguilla anguilla. We examined basal cardiac performance (at constant preload, afterload and heart rate), the effects of cholinergic stimulation and the Frank-Starling response (preload-induced increases in cardiac output at constant afterload and heart rate). The NO synthase (NOS) inhibitors N(G)-monomethyl-l-arginine (l-NMMA) and l-N(5)(1-iminoethyl)ornithine (l-NIO), the guanylate cyclase inhibitor 1H-(1,2,4)oxadiazolo-(4,3-a)quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ) and Triton X-100, a detergent that damages the endocardial endothelium, all increased stroke volume (V(S)) and stroke work (W(S)). In contrast, the endogenous NOS substrate l-arginine, tested before and after treatment with haemoglobin, the NO donor 3-morpholinosydnonimine, tested with and without the superoxide scavenger superoxide dismutase, and the stable cGMP analogue 8-bromoguanosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (8-Br-cGMP) decreased V(S) and W(S). Acetylcholine chloride produced a biphasic effect. At nanomolar concentrations, in 34 % of the preparations, it induced a NO-cGMP-dependent positive inotropism that required the integrity of the endocardial endothelium. Pretreatment with Triton X-100 or with NO-cGMP pathway inhibitors (l-NMMA, l-NIO, N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester, Methylene Blue and ODQ) abolished the positive effect of acetylcholine. In contrast, at micromolar concentrations, acetylcholine produced a negative effect that involved neither the endocardial endothelium nor the NO-cGMP pathway. Pre-treatment with l-arginine (10(−)(6)mol l(−)(1)) was without effect, whereas l-NIO (10(−)(5)mol l(−)(1)) significantly reduced the Frank-Starling response. Taken together, these three experimental approaches provide evidence that NO modulates cardiac performance in the eel heart.
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Vitale, Stefano, Ernesto Paolo Prinzi, Francesco D’Assisi Tramparulo, Claudio De Paola, Rosa Di Maio, Ester Piegari, Monia Sabbatino, Jacopo Natale, Pasqualino Notaro e Sabatino Ciarcia. "Late Miocene-Early Pliocene Out-of-Sequence Thrusting in the Southern Apennines (Italy)". Geosciences 10, n. 8 (6 agosto 2020): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10080301.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
We present a structural study on late Miocene-early Pliocene out-of-sequence thrusts affecting the southern Apennine orogenic belt. The analyzed structures are exposed in the Campania region (southern Italy). Here, thrusts bound the N-NE side of the carbonate ridges that form the regional mountain backbone. In several outcrops, the Mesozoic carbonates are superposed onto the unconformable wedge-top basin deposits of the upper Miocene Castelvetere Group, providing constraints to the age of the activity of this thrusting event. Moreover, a 4-km-long N-S oriented electrical resistivity tomography profile, carried out along the Caserta mountains, sheds light on the structure of this thrust system in an area where it is not exposed. Further information was carried out from a tunnel excavation that allowed us to study some secondary fault splays. The kinematic analysis of out-of-sequence major and minor structures hosted both in the hanging wall (Apennine Platform carbonates) and footwall (Castelvetere Group deposits and Lagonegro-Molise Basin units) indicates the occurrence of two superposed shortening directions, about E-W and N-S, respectively. We associated these compressive structures to an out-of-sequence thrusting event defined by frontal thrusts verging to the east and lateral ramp thrusts verging to the north and south. We related the out-of-sequence thrusting episode to the positive inversion of inherited normal faults located in the Paleozoic basement. These envelopments thrust upward to crosscut the allochthonous wedge, including, in the western zone of the chain, the upper Miocene wedge-top basin deposits.
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Filous, Alexander, Alan M. Friedlander, Melvin Toribiong, Robert J. Lennox, Geory Mereb e Yimnang Golbuu. "The movements of yellowfin tuna, blue marlin, and sailfish within the Palau National Marine Sanctuary and the western Pacific Ocean". ICES Journal of Marine Science 79, n. 2 (1 febbraio 2022): 445–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsac010.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract We used satellite tags to monitor the movements of yellowfin tuna, blue marlin, and sailfish in the Palau National Marine Sanctuary (PNMS) and provide a first look into their use of this large-scale marine protected area (LSMPA). Tagged fish ranged over a wide geographic area between 1°S to 17°N and 125 to 154°W. Both blue marlin and sailfish exhibited fidelity to the PNMS; however, they dispersed more than 1000 km before returning. The monitoring periods of yellowfin tuna were insufficient to evaluate their long-term movements, but their dispersal from Palau's EEZ occurred in all directions, up to distances of 2010 km. The space use of this pelagic species assemblage overlapped with two bodies of international waters, six EEZs, and the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission's management units seven and three of the western Pacific Ocean. Our results add to the knowledge base on the movements of pelagic species in the PNMS and highlight the need for additional research to determine the long-term movements of these species and the contribution of the PNMS to fisheries management in the western and central Pacific Ocean.
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Kamal, Surabhi, Guan-Ting Pan, Siewhui Chong e Thomas Chung-Kuang Yang. "Ultrasonically Induced Sulfur-Doped Carbon Nitride/Cobalt Ferrite Nanocomposite for Efficient Sonocatalytic Removal of Organic Dyes". Processes 8, n. 1 (13 gennaio 2020): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8010104.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The sulfur-doped carbon nitride/cobalt ferrite nanocomposite (SCN/CoFe2O4) was prepared via ultrasonication and studied for the sonocatalytic degradation of wastewater organic dye pollutants including methylene blue, rhodamine B, and Congo red. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed the presence and atomic ratios of S, C, N, Co, Fe, and O elements and their corresponding bonds with Co2+ and Fe3+ cations. The nanocomposite was found to have aggregated nanoparticles on a sheet-like structure. The bandgap energy was estimated to be 1.85 eV. For the sonocatalytic degradation of 25-ppm methylene blue at 20 kHz, 1 W and 50% amplitude, the best operating condition was determined to be 1 g/L of catalyst dosage and 4 vol % of hydrogen peroxide loading. Under this condition, the sonocatalytic removal efficiency was the highest at 96% within a reaction period of 20 min. SCN/CoFe2O4 outperformed SCN and CoFe2O4 by 2.2 and 6.8 times, respectively. The SCN/CoFe2O4 nanocomposite was also found to have good reusability with a drop of only 7% after the fifth cycle. However, the degradation efficiencies were low when tested with rhodamine B and Congo red due to difference in dye sizes, structural compositions, and electric charges.
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El-Agmy, Reda M., e Najm M. Al-Hosiny. "Thermal analysis and CW laser operation at 1.998 µm in end pumped Tm:YAP lasers". Photonics Letters of Poland 11, n. 4 (31 dicembre 2019): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v11i4.938.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
We report on thermal analysis and a continuous wave (CW) laser operation at (1.998µm) of end pumped Tm: YAP cylindrical laser rod. The Tm: YAP laser rod is pumped at a wavelength of 1.064 µm emitting from Nd: YAG laser source. A 3W incident pump power is used to generate a maximum laser output of 700 mW, representing 18% slope efficiency. The power of thermally induced lens in Tm:YAP laser rod is numerically analyzed and validated experimentally. The focal lengths of the thermally induced lens are directly measured using Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor. We have detected blue up-conversion fluorescence emission before laser operation at 1.998 µm. The obtained experimental results were in good agreement with the numerical calculations. Full Text: PDF ReferencesI. F. Elder, J. Payne, "Diode-pumped, room-temperature Tm:YAP laser", Applied Optics 36 (33), 8606 (1997) CrossRef Y. Li, B. Yao, Y. Wang, Y. Ju, G. Zhao, Y. Zong, J. Xu, "High efficient diode-pumped Tm:YAP laser at room temperature", Chinese Opt. Lett. 5 (5), 286 (2007). DirectLink H. Ni, S. C. Rand, "Avalanche upconversion in Tm:YALO3", Opt. Lett. 16 (8), 1424 (1991). CrossRef Z. G. Wang, C. W. Song, Y. F. Li, Y. L. Ju, Y. Z. Wang, "CW and pulsed operation of a diode-end-pumped Tm:GdVO4 laser at room temperature", Laser Phys. Lett. 6 (2), 105 (2009). CrossRef Baoquan Yao, Yi Tian, Wei Wang, Gang Li, Yuezhu Wang, "Analysis and compensation of thermal lens effects in Tm:YAP lasers", Chinese Opt. Lett. 8 (10), 996 (2010). CrossRef F. Cornacchia, D. Parisi, C. Bernardini, M. Toncelli, "Efficient, diode-pumped Tm3+:BaY2F8 vibronic laser", Opt. Expr. 12 (9), 1982 (2004). CrossRef Xiaojin Cheng, Mi Fan, Jiandong Cao, Jianhua Shang, "Research on the thermal effect and laser resonator of diode-pumped thin-slab Tm:YAP lasers", Optik 176, 32 (2019). CrossRef W. Koechner, Solid-state Laser Engineering, Springer, (2013). DirectLink https://www.crytur.cz DirectLink http://www.laserlabcomponents.com/ DirectLink R. M. El-Agmy, N.AlHosiny, "2.31 [micro sign]m laser under up-conversion pumping at 1.064 [micro sign]m in Tm3+:ZBLAN fibre lasers", Elect. Lett. 46 (13), 936 (2010). CrossRef R. M. El-Agmy, N. M. Al-Hosiny, "870 mW blue laser emission at 480 nm in a large core thulium doped ZBLAN fiber laser", Laser Phys. 20 (4), 838 (2010). CrossRef R. M. El-Agmy, N. M. Al-Hosiny, "Power scaling of end-pumped Nd:YLF lasers, modeling and experiments", Optik 140, 584 (2017). CrossRef R. M. El-Agmy, N. Al-Hosiny, "Thermal analysis and experimental study of end-pumped Nd: YLF laser at 1053 nm", Photonic sensors 7 (4), 329 (2017). CrossRef S. C. Tidwell, J. F. Seamans, M. S. Bowers, A. K. Cousins, "Scaling CW diode-end-pumped Nd:YAG lasers to high average powers", IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 28, 997 (1992). CrossRef P. J. Hardman, W. A. Clarkson, G. J. Friel, M. Pollnau, D. C. Hanna, "Energy-transfer upconversion and thermal lensing in high-power end-pumped Nd:YLF laser crystals", IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics 35, 647 (1999). CrossRef
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Vrtiška, Luboš, Petr Pauliš, Jiří Čejka, Radana Malíková, Zdeněk Dolníček, Zdeněk Dvořák e Ondřej Pour. "Riomarinait z Cínovce - první výskyt velmi vzácného sulfátu bismutu v České republice". Bulletin Mineralogie Petrologie 28, n. 2 (2020): 359–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.46861/bmp.28.359.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
A very rare bismuth sulphate, riomarinaite, was found in an old abandoned shaft on a Sn-W deposit Cínovec near Teplice, Northern Bohemia. This is first occurrence of this generally very rare mineral in the Czech Republic. Riomarinaite forms grey and blue acicular and columnar crystals up to 30 μm in size in association with native bismuth and bismuthinite. Riomarinaite is monoclinic, space group P21/n, the unit-cell parameters refined from X-ray powder diffraction data are: a 6.0091(19), b 13.328(5), c 6.483(3) Å, β 112.91(5)˚ and V 478.3(3) Å3. Chemical analyses of riomarinaite correspond to the empirical formula (Bi1.10Ca0.02)Σ1.12[(SO4)0.92(MoO4)0.08]Σ1.00(OH)1.33·H2O on the basis of S + Mo = 1 apfu. Raman bands connected with vibrations of (OH)-, H2O, (SO4)2- groups, Bi-O bonds and lattice modes were observed in the Raman spectrum of riomarinaite.
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Clementini, G., R. Merighi, M. Tosi, R. Gratton e E. Carretta. "New results on field and cluster RR Lyraes". International Astronomical Union Colloquium 139 (1993): 335–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100117762.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractRR Lyrae stars both in the field and in clusters can be used to derive the metal abundance of the regions and systems where they are found.(1) New data have been collected on a sample of field ab-type RR Lyraes with the aim of studying the composition of the halo and the disk of the galaxy, (Clementini et al. 1992a, in preparation), using the relation found by Clementini et al. (1991), (hereafter CTM91), between [Fe/H] and the equivalent width of the Ca II K-line W‘(K). (2) A quantitative chemical abundance analysis of the ab type RR Lyrae (V29) in the globular cluster M4 has been performed using high resolution, high S/N spectroscopy. We obtain [Fe/H]=–1.3 ± 0.2 and the α– elements (Mg and Ti) are overabundant by 0.6 dex. These results are in good agreement with determinations from high resolution spectra of giants and blue horizontal branch stars (Clementini et al. 1992b, in preparation).
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Robertson, N. L., e S. K. Brumfield. "First Report of Barley yellow streak mosaic virus-Infected Barley in Alaska". Plant Disease 84, n. 5 (maggio 2000): 595. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2000.84.5.595a.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Barley yellow streak mosaic virus (BaYSMV) was first described and reported in Montana and Alberta, Canada, more than 17 years ago (1). Since then, it has been detected in two other locations: Pocatello Valley, ID (3), and across the border in Utah. BaYSMV has now been found in the Alaskan interior. In July 1999, dry-land barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) growing in University of Alaska-Fairbanks experimental plots exhibited symptoms similar to those described for BaYSMV, including parallel chlorotic streaks and leaf banding. Mechanical inoculation of Nicotiana benthamiana with diseased barley sap produced systemic mosaic symptoms. As previously reported for BaYSMV sap-transmission tests (2), parallel inoculations to barley plants yielded no symptoms. Electron microscopy of leaf dips and minipurifications of infected N. benthamiana revealed long filamentous particles that matched the size and shape reported for BaYSMV (1). Ultrathin sections of diseased barley and N. benthamiana leaves displayed characteristic virus particles. BaYSMV was confirmed by immuno-sorbent electron microscopy assays (4) and western blot analysis with polyclonal antiserum. Long filamentous BaYSMV particles appeared only on grids coated with BaYSMV antiserum and exposed to diseased N. benthamiana sap. Total protein extracts from diseased barley tissue and inoculated N. benthamiana, as well as with protein extracted from partially purified preparations, were applied to a 12% sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis minigel and stained with Coomassie blue. Diseased samples, but not healthy controls, contained a protein of ≈33 kDa that was within the size range of a previously described protein from partially purified BaYSMV particles (2). Western blot analysis with an Immuno-Blot alkaline phosphatase assay system (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA) confirmed that the protein reacted with polyclonal BaYSMV. This is the first serological documentation of a BaYSMV-specific protein and that the ≈33-kDa protein is the main antigen recognized by the BaYSMV polyclonal antiserum. Based on virus particle shape and size, symptomology, mechanical transmission host range, and serology, we conclude that BaYSMV is associated with the barley disease observed. Barley yellow streak mosaic virus disease outbreaks are associated with recurring drought and are accompanied by infestations of the brown wheat mite vector, Petrobia latens Müller (1), so it is not surprising that this report coincides with abnormally dry conditions occurring throughout the 1990s in the interior of Alaska. References: (1) N. L. Robertson and T. W. Carroll. Science 240:1188, 1988. (2) N. L. Robertson and T. W. Carroll. Plant Dis. 75:839, 1991. (3) J. S. Skaf et al. Plant Dis. 76:861, 1992. (4) J. S. Skaf and T. W. Carroll. Plant Dis. 79:1003, 1995.
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Hogrefe, Christin, Thomas Waldmann, Miguel Benavente Molinero, Ludwig Wildner, Peter Axmann e Margret Wohlfahrt-Mehrens. "Analysis of Graphite Lithiation Behaviour in Li-Ion Full Cells Using a Novel Cross-Sectional in Situ Optical Microscopy Method". ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, n. 3 (9 ottobre 2022): 238. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-023238mtgabs.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In Li-Ion batteries, the graphite anode undergoes chromatic changes from grey (unlithiated graphite) to blue (LiC18) to red (LiC12) to gold (LiC6) during lithiation.1 When charged with high current rates, lithiation gradients are observable due to mass transport limitations within the anode.2 Due to high lithiation degrees at the surface, the anode potential decreases locally and the possibility of Li deposition is increased.3 We introduce a new in situ optical microscopy set-up, which allows a direct observation of the cross-section of Li-ion full cells in combination with simultaneous recording of electrochemical data (Figure 1). Extensive analysis of the chromatic changes from the graphite electrode surface to the current collector gives insights into the lithiation processes on electrode and particle level. The set-up was validated by comparing the electrochemical results with data from coin full cells. The propagation of lithiation fronts for LiC12 (~ 3300 µm2 min-1) and LiC6 (~1260 µm2 min-1) at 1C through the graphite electrode coating were determined as well as the estimation of apparent solid-state diffusion coefficients in the order of 10-10 cm2 s-1 from analyzing the phase propagation within single particles at C/10. Additionally, the expansion of all components of the whole cell can be observed individually. We found that the graphite contributes mainly to the cell expansion, both irreversibly (4%) and reversibly (4-13%). Directly observing the described phenomena in the full cell can give insights into aging mechanisms of the materials. Figure 1 Exemplary image from the video at the end of charge of an in situ measurement (cycling at C/10) of a graphite-NMC 622 full cell cross-sections. References P. Maire, A. Evans, H. Kaiser, W. Scheifele and P. Novák, J. Power Sources, 155(11), A862 (2008). M. Weiss, R. Ruess, J. Kasnatscheew, Y. Levartovsky, N. R. Levy, P. Minnmann, L. Stolz, T. Waldmann, M. Wohlfahrt-Mehrens, D. Aurbach, M. Winter, Y. Ein-Eli and J. Janek, Adv. Energy Mater., 11(n/a), 2101126 (2021). T. Gao, Y. Han, D. Fraggedakis, S. Das, T. Zhou, C.-N. Yeh, S. Xu, W. C. Chueh, J. Li and M. Z. Bazant, Joule (2021). Figure 1
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Tilstone, Gavin, Giorgio Dall’Olmo, Martin Hieronymi, Kevin Ruddick, Matthew Beck, Martin Ligi, Maycira Costa et al. "Field Intercomparison of Radiometer Measurements for Ocean Colour Validation". Remote Sensing 12, n. 10 (16 maggio 2020): 1587. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12101587.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
A field intercomparison was conducted at the Acqua Alta Oceanographic Tower (AAOT) in the northern Adriatic Sea, from 9 to 19 July 2018 to assess differences in the accuracy of in- and above-water radiometer measurements used for the validation of ocean colour products. Ten measurement systems were compared. Prior to the intercomparison, the absolute radiometric calibration of all sensors was carried out using the same standards and methods at the same reference laboratory. Measurements were performed under clear sky conditions, relatively low sun zenith angles, moderately low sea state and on the same deployment platform and frame (except in-water systems). The weighted average of five above-water measurements was used as baseline reference for comparisons. For downwelling irradiance ( E d ), there was generally good agreement between sensors with differences of <6% for most of the sensors over the spectral range 400 nm–665 nm. One sensor exhibited a systematic bias, of up to 11%, due to poor cosine response. For sky radiance ( L s k y ) the spectrally averaged difference between optical systems was <2.5% with a root mean square error (RMS) <0.01 mWm−2 nm−1 sr−1. For total above-water upwelling radiance ( L t ), the difference was <3.5% with an RMS <0.009 mWm−2 nm−1 sr−1. For remote-sensing reflectance ( R r s ), the differences between above-water TriOS RAMSES were <3.5% and <2.5% at 443 and 560 nm, respectively, and were <7.5% for some systems at 665 nm. Seabird-Hyperspectral Surface Acquisition System (HyperSAS) sensors were on average within 3.5% at 443 nm, 1% at 560 nm, and 3% at 665 nm. The differences between the weighted mean of the above-water and in-water systems was <15.8% across visible bands. A sensitivity analysis showed that E d accounted for the largest fraction of the variance in R r s , which suggests that minimizing the errors arising from this measurement is the most important variable in reducing the inter-group differences in R r s . The differences may also be due, in part, to using five of the above-water systems as a reference. To avoid this, in situ normalized water-leaving radiance ( L w n ) was therefore compared to AERONET-OC SeaPRiSM L w n as an alternative reference measurement. For the TriOS-RAMSES and Seabird-HyperSAS sensors the differences were similar across the visible spectra with 4.7% and 4.9%, respectively. The difference between SeaPRiSM L w n and two in-water systems at blue, green and red bands was 11.8%. This was partly due to temporal and spatial differences in sampling between the in-water and above-water systems and possibly due to uncertainties in instrument self-shading for one of the in-water measurements.
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Susetyono, Mardhiawan Tri, e Lucas Donny Setijadji. "Study of Active and Fossil Hydrothermal Systems in Ijen Caldera Complex and Merubetiri Mountains, East Java". Indonesian Journal of Economic Geology 1, n. 1 (30 dicembre 2021): 23–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.51835/ijeg.2021.1.1.340.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Ore deposits formed at subduction zone are associated with magmatism activities that are represented by volcanic activities at the surface. In the Eastern Sunda Arc, one of active volcanic activity can be found in Ijen Caldera Complex. The complex has hydrothermal volcanic manifestations with a very acidic pH. Meanwhile in the south of Ijen Complex, there is ancient volcanic complex called Merubetiri Mountains that is proven to be well-mineralized at Tumpangpitu as high sulfidation and porphyry-style mineralizations. An understanding of hydrothermal activity and volcanic landforms in active volcanic systems can be used as a powerful tool to understanding hydrothermal systems. This paper presents the distinction between active hydrothermal systems and fossil hydrothermal systems as an exploration’s tool in ancient volcanic systems. The method used in this study is remote sensing with focus on volcanic landforms, geological structures, and distribution of alteration minerals. ASTER satellite imagery, Landsat 8 satellite imagery, and DEMNAS are used in this study. ASTER and Landsat 8 images are processed with Principle Component Analysis (PCA) and Direct Principle Component (DPC) methods to determine the distribution of alteration minerals that are associated with propylithic, argillic, advanced argillic, and silisic alterations. Semi-quantitative method is used to identify geological structures by automatic lineament detection. Meanwhile, qualitative method is used by manual lineaments delineation on the DEM imagery. Delineations of volcanic landforms in active and ancient volcanic complex use semi-quantitative methods include ridge lineaments and flow pattern. Then, volcanic landform is manually delineated by determining the distribution pattern of ridges, flow pattern, morphological texture, and cross-cutting relationship of volcanic products as a key in determine the eruption centers. The results show a relationship between volcanic distribution and the main stresses in the Ijen Caldera Complex with NE-SW direction, which is represented by the elliptic and elongation of volcanic depression zone, monogenetic volcano, and intrusion distribution. Geological structures that are found in the Ijen Caldera Complex show E-W and NE-SW directions. Meanwhile, Merubetiri complex shows E-W, NW-SE, and N-S structural direction patterns. The distribution of alteration minerals associated with silisic, argillic, and advance argillic in the Ijen Caldera Complex are found in the central zone of stratovolcano, intra-caldera zone, and structural zone that intersects the caldera. This shows that active hydrothermal system is related to volcanic activity and geological structures. Meanwhile, in the Merubetiri complex, alteration minerals are associated with the eruption centers, diorite/granodiorite intrusions, and NW-SE strike slip fault. The understandings of volcanic setting and volcanic landforms are very important in the early stages of exploration to determine the prospect of mineral deposits related to hydrothermal system.
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Kaab, Mohamed, Zouhair Benkhaldoun, Daniel J. Fisher, Brian Harding, Aziza Bounhir, Jonathan J. Makela, Amine Laghriyeb, Khalifa Malki, Ahmed Daassou e Mohamed Lazrek. "Climatology of thermospheric neutral winds over Oukaïmeden Observatory in Morocco". Annales Geophysicae 35, n. 1 (30 gennaio 2017): 161–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-35-161-2017.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract. In order to explore coupling between the thermosphere and ionosphere and to address the lack of data relating to thermospheric neutral winds and temperatures over the African sector, a new system of instruments was installed at the Oukaïmeden Observatory located in the high Atlas Mountains, 75 km south of Marrakesh, Morocco (31.206° N, 7.866° W, 22.84° N magnetic). In this work we present the first multi-year results of the climatology of meridional and zonal winds obtained during the period from January 2014 to February 2016, including observations from 648 nights. The measurements are obtained using an imaging Fabry–Pérot interferometer, which measures the 630.0 nm emissions caused by dissociative recombination of O2+. The basic climatology of the winds is as expected, showing zonal winds that are strongly eastward in the early evening just after sunset with a speed of 50 to 100 m s−1 decreasing in magnitude, and reversing directions in the local summer months, towards sunrise. The meridional winds are slightly poleward in the early evening during the local winter, before reversing directions around 21:00 LT. In the local summer months, the meridional winds are equatorward for the entire night, reaching a maximum equatorward speed of 75 m s−1. We compare the observed climatologies of neutral winds to that provided by the recently updated Horizontal Wind Model (HWM14) in order to validate that model's predictions of the thermospheric wind patterns over the eastern portion of Africa. The model captures much of the features in the observational climatologies. The most notable exception is for the zonal winds during local summer, when the maximum eastward wind in the observations occurs approximately 4 h later than seen in the model results.
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Golovanov, Ya M., S. M. Yamalov, M. V. Lebedeva, A. Yu Korolyuk, L. M. Abramova e N. a. Dulepova. "Vegetation of chalk outcrops of Sub-Ural plateau and adjacent territories". Vegetation of Russia, n. 40 (2021): 3–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/vegrus/2021.40.3.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The results of long-term studies of the vegetation of chalk outcrops of the Orenburg region (Russian Federation) and North-West Kazakhstan on Sub-Ural plateau and adjacent territories are presented. Chalk outcrops are unique botanical-geographical sites located in steppe and desert zones of Eurasia. Specific communities of calcephyte plant species have spread in these areas, in places of outcrops or close occurrence from the surface of upper-Cretaceous carbonate rocks. The flora of chalk outcrops is characterized by a great amount of rare species, mainly endemic, associated with peculiar substrates, the locality of habitats, and the historical past of the area of outcrops location (Matyshenko, 1985) The history of the study of flora and vegetation of chalk outcrops is given. Synthaxonomic studies of chalk vegetation as part of the ecological-floristic approach cover only territories west of the Volga river (Poluyanov, 2009; Averinova, 2011, 2016; Demina, 2014; Demina et al., 2016; Didukh et al., 2018). Chalk highlands of the North-West Kazakhstan and adjacent regions of the Russian Federation occupy quite large areas. However, up to date, there is no data on the vegetation diversity of these territories based on complete geobotanical relevés, that is why their synthaxonomy remains undeveloped. The study area with 15 massifs of chalk outcrops (Fig. 1) includes the Orenburg region (Novosergievsky, Perevolotsky, Sol-Iletskiy, Akbulak and Gaysky districts), and Aktobe (Hobdinsky, Uilsky and Bayganinsky district) and Atyrau (Zhylyoysky district) regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The largest massifs in the Orenburg region of the Russian Federation are: Starobelogorskie (Fig. 2), Chesnokovskie (Fig. 3), Verkhnechibendinskie (Fig. 6), Troitskie (Fig. 7), Pokrovskie Chalk Mountains (Fig. 4) and Durtel mountain (Fig. 5). Chalk massif Akshatau (Fig. 8) and the range Aktolagai (Fig. 9) are the largest within Aktobe region. The investigated sites are mostly located on the Sub-Ural Plateau, which extended from the southern regions of the Orenburg region to the Emba River in the territory of Aktobe region. They are less common within the Obschiy Syrt and sporadic in the Guberlinskie mountains. The study area covers a wide range of zonal vegetation from dry steppes in the northern part of the gradient to northern deserts in the southern one. The dataset includes 270 relevés of chalk outcrops communities performed by the authors in 2014–2019. The primary classification was carried out using TWINSPAN algorithm. As a result three groups of communities are established. The first group is communities of the Emben Plateau, the most southern area; second is communities on relatively developed soils in the slopes bases, depressions between chalk ridges and on their flat tops; third is widespread communities on most of the Podural Plateau and Obschy Syrt, excluding the Emben Plateau. Comparison with associations of calcephyte, semidesert and steppe vegetation (Golub, 1994; Kolomiychuk, Vynokurov, 2016; Lysenko, Yamalov, 2017; Didukh et al., 2018; Korolyuk, 2017) was made to determine the position of studied communities in the system of ecological-floristic classification of the herbasceous vegetation of Eurasia. Cluster analysis results (Fig. 10) revealed the significant specificity the chalk outcrops of the Sub-Ural Plateau in comparison with calciphytic communities of Eastern Europe, as well as with deserts and steppes zonal vegetation. That was the reason to describe a new class for vegetation of the studied chalk outcrops. The class Anabasietea cretaceae Golovanov class nov. hoc loco. Diagnostic species: Anabasis cretacea, Anthemis trotzkiana, Artemisia salsoloides, Atraphaxis decipiens,Crambe aspera, Echinops meyeri, Jurinea kirghisorum, Hedysarum tscherkassovae, Lepidium meyeri, Limonium cretaceum, Linaria cretacea, Matthiola fragrans, Nanophyton erinaceum, Seseli glabratum, Zygophyllum pinnatum;holotypus is order Anabasietalia cretaceae ord. nov. hoc loco. Class combines calciphytic, mainly semi-shrub communities on the outcrops of chalk and marl rocks of the south of the Orenburg region and North-West Kazakhstan within the steppe (subzones of the true and desert steppes) and desert zone. The central order, Anabasietalia cretaceae Golovanov ord. nov. hoc loco, is described;holotypus is alliance Anthemido trotzkianae–Artemision salsoloidis all. nov. hoc loco. Three alliances identified within the order reflect both community distribution along the latitudinal gradient and succession stages. The alliance Sileno fruticulosae–Nanophytonion erinacei Lebedeva all. nov hoc loco is poor-species communities, located mainly on the chalk massifs in the southern part of the Sub-Ural Plateau (Emben Plateau) and adjacent territories. Holotypus of the alliance is ass. Onosmo staminei–Anabasietum cretaceae ass. nov. hoc loco with highly constant desert plant species (Anabasis salsa, Artemisia terrae-albae, Atriplex cana, Limonium suffruticosum, Rhammatophyllum pachyrhizum, etc.). It includes the ass. Onosmo staminei–Anabasietum cretaceae ass. nov. hoc loco (Table 3, syntaxa 1–3; Tables 4–6). Holotypus hoc loco: Table 4, rel. no. 9 (YS19-034): Republic of Kazakhstan, Atyrau region, Zhylyojskij district, 10 km W Aktologay ridge, 47.48514° N, 54.97647° E, 19.05.2019, collector Yamalov S. M.) The alliance Anabasio cretaceae–Agropyrion desertorum Korolyuk all. nov hoc loco.Holotypus is ass. Agropyro desertorum–Artemisietum lessingianae ass. nov. hoc loco. Alliance includes communities in flat habitats with well-developed soils at the foot of the chalk hills in the central and northern parts of the Sub-Ural Plateau, on the chalk rock outflows, as well on their tops. Active are species of deserts and galophytic communities of the classes Artemisietea lerchianae and Festuco-Puccinellietea, as well as these of dry and desert steppes of the order Tanaceto achilleifolii–Stipetalia lessingianae. There are 2 associations: Agropyro desertorum–Artemisietum lessingianae ass. nov. hoc loco (Table 3, syntaxon 4; Table 7; fig. 23; holotypus hoc loco: Table 7, rel. no 8 (YS15-019)), Russian Federation, Orenburg region, Sol-Iletskiy district, Troitsk Chalk Mountains, 10 km SW vil. Troitsk, 50.65317° N, 54.542° W, 06.06.2015, collector Yamalov S. M.) and Psephello marschallianae–Artemisietum lerchianae ass. nov. hoc loco ((Table. 3, syntaxon 5; Table 8; fig. 24); holotypus hoc loco: Table 8, rel. no 15 (YS19-050), Republic of Kazakhstan, Aktyubinsk region, Hobdinsky district, chalk mountains 16 km NE vil. Zhantalap, 50.39986° N, 56.05054° N, 21.05.2019, collector Yamalov S. M.). The alliance Anthemido trotzkianae–Artemision salsoloidis Yamalov all. nov hoc loco.Holotypus is ass. Anthemido trotzkianae–Artemisietum salsoloidis ass. nov. Alliance includes the cenoses of the chalk highlands of the Sub-Ural Plateau (except for its extremely southern part) and the Obschiy Syrt. These are both communities of the initial and more advanced succession stages. The high constancy of Anthemis trotzkiana and Artemisia salsoloides, as well as the presence of petrophytic species widely distributed in the rocky steppes of the Southern Ural (Alyssum tortuosum, Centaurea marchalliana, Euphorbia seguieriana, Galium octonarium) are character for the alliance cenophlora. There are three associations— Nanophytono erinacei–Jurinetum kirghisori ass. nov. hoc loco (Table 3, syntaxon 6; Table 9; Fig. 25; holotypus hoc loco: Table 9, rel. no 7 (GY18-070)), Russian Federation, Orenburg region, Sol-Iletskiy district, Verhnechibendinskie Chalk Mountains, 10 km W vil. Troitsk, 50.6562° N, 54.44272° W, 07.06.2016, collector Golovanov Ya. M.); Anthemido trotzkianae–Artemisietum salsoloidis ass. nov. hoc loco (Table 3, syntaxa 7, 8; Tables 10, 11; Fig. 26; holotypus hoc loco: Table 10, rel. no 20 (GY15-047)), Russian Federation, Orenburg region, Sol-Iletskiy district, Troitsk Chalk Mountains, 10 km NW vil. Troitsk, 50.65267° N, 54.54217° E, 06.06.2015, collector Golovanov Ya. M.); Onosmo simplicissimae–Anthemietum trotzkianae ass. nov. hoc loco (Table 3, syntaxon 9; tab. 12; Fig. 27); holotypus hoc loco: Table 12, rel. no 1 (GY19-011)), Republic of Kazakhstan, Aktyubinsk region, Uilskii district, Terektytau, 10 km NE vil. Akshatau, 49.43507° N, 54.60127° E, 15.05.2019, collector — Golovanov Ya. M.). There are 2 associations in the class Festuco-Brometea. Within the dry steppe order Tanaceto achilleifolii–Stipetalia lessingianae this is Bassio prostratae–Agropyretum desertorum ass. nov. hoc loco (Table 3, syntaxa 10, 11; Table 13), holotypus hoc loco: Table 13, rel. no 8 (GY19-004)), Republic of Kazakhstan, Aktyubinsk region, Uilskii district, Terektytau, 10 km NE vil. Akshatau, 49.42942° N, 54.60047° E, 15.05.2019, collector Golovanov Ya. M.); within the true steppe order Helictotricho-Stipetalia this isass. Anthemido trotzkianae–Thymetum guberlinensis ass. nov. hoc loco (Table 3, syntaxon 12; Table 14); holotypus hoc loco: Table 14, rel. no 8 (GY14-012)), Russian Federation, Orenburg region, Gayskii district, chalk mountain Dyurtel, 4 km NE vil. Starohalilovo, 51.504° N, 58.157° E, 27.06.2014, collector Golovanov Ya. M.). The result of the research of chalk outcrops vegetation of Sub-Ural plateau and adjacent territories is new class Anabasietea cretaceae which includes 1 order, 3 alliances, 6 associations, 3 subassociations, 2 variants and 9 facies.
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László, Csontos, Sasvári Ágoston, Pocsai Tamás, Kósa László, Azad T. Salae e Ali Athar. "Structural evolution of the northwestern Zagros, Kurdistan Region, Iraq: Implications on oil migration". GeoArabia 17, n. 2 (1 aprile 2012): 81–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/geoarabia170281.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
ABSTRACT The studied area in Kurdistan Region of Iraq lies across an important topographic/structural boundary between the southern lowlands and the northern, folded and imbricated Zagros Mountains. It also encompasses a prominent change in structural orientation of the northern Zagros, from a general NW-SE “Zagros” to an E-W “Taurus” trend. Geological mapping and structural observations, both in the mountains (Mesozoic–Palaeogene) and in the lowlands (Neogene), led to the following conclusions. (1) The oldest recorded deformation is a layer-parallel shortening, coupled with southwest-vergent shear that was followed by major folding of ca. 10 km wavelength and ca. 1,000 m amplitude. Even the Upper Miocene–Pliocene Bakhtiari Formation has steep to overturned beds in some parts, and synclines preserve syn-tectonic strata of Neogene–Pliocene age. Box folding is associated with crestal collapse, internal thrusting in the core and with formation of systematic joint sets. (2) On the southern limb of the major folds, thrusting of variable offset can be observed. The thrusts on the southern and northern limbs are considered responsible for the major uplift during main folding. (3) En-échelon fold-relay patterns suggest left-lateral shear along the EW-oriented segment and right-lateral shear along the NW-oriented segment. (4) A quick-look qualitative analysis of striated fault planes suggests a variable shortening trend from NE-SW to N-S, and some rare NW-SE shortening all associated with thrust faults. (5) The general structural setting of the area is linked to the north-eastwards to northwards propagation of the Arabian Margin beneath Eurasia. The ca. 30° bend in the mountain chain may be explained by the original shape of the Arabian Margin, or by pre-existing tectonic zones of E-W orientation in the northern part. Several observations suggest that there was no oroclinal bending (i.e. major rotation) of different parts of the chain, but the structures simply molded on their local buttress (almost) according to present orientations. However, a limited amount of rigid-body rotation in the different segments cannot be ruled out. The changing shortening directions generated several structural combinations on both the NW-SE Zagros and the E-W Taurus segments of the arc, many of which are still preserved. (6) Spectacular bitumen seepage in Upper Cretaceous and Palaeocene limestone originates from fractures or geodes of these formations. Many of these bitumen-filled voids are linked to the above-described Late Neogene–Recent shortening-folding process; therefore hydrocarbon migration into these voids is interpreted to be very young. This contradicts earlier ideas about massive Late Cretaceous breaching and bleeding off of hydrocarbons in this region.
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Fairweather, M. L., e B. W. Geils. "First Report of the White Pine Blister Rust Pathogen, Cronartium ribicola, in Arizona". Plant Disease 95, n. 4 (aprile 2011): 494. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-10-10-0699.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
White pine blister rust, caused by Cronartium ribicola J.C. Fisch., was found on southwestern white pine (Pinus flexilis James var. reflexa Engelm., synonym P. strobiformis Engelm.) near Hawley Lake, Arizona (Apache County, White Mountains, 34.024°N, 109.776°W, elevation 2,357 m) in April 2009. Although white pines in the Southwest (Arizona and New Mexico) have been repeatedly surveyed for blister rust since its discovery in the Sacramento Mountains of southern New Mexico in 1990 (1,2), this was the first confirmation of C. ribicola in Arizona. Numerous blister rust cankers were sporulating on 15- to 30-year-old white pines growing in a mixed conifer stand adjacent to a meadow with orange gooseberry bushes (Ribes pinetorum Greene), a common telial host in New Mexico. Most of the observed cankers were producing their first aecia on 5-year-old branch interwhorl segments (i.e., formed in 2004). The two oldest cankers apparently originated on stemwood formed about 14 and 21 years before (1995 and 1988). Neither uredinia nor telia were seen on expanding gooseberry leaves in late April, but these rust structures were found later in the season. Voucher specimens deposited in the Forest Pathology Herbarium-Fort Collins (FPF) were determined by host taxa and macro- and microscopic morphology as C. ribicola–white pine with typical cankers, aecia, and aeciospores (1). Six collections of aeciospores from single, unopened aecia provided rDNA sequences (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2, primers ITS1F and ITS4) with two different repeat types (GenBank Accession Nos. HM156043 and HM156044 [J. W. Hanna conducted analysis with methods described in 3]). A BLASTn search with these sequences showed 100 and 99% similarities, respectively, with sequences of C. ribicola, including accessions L76496, L76498, and L76499 from California (4). Additional reconnaissance of white pines on the Fort Apache Indian Reservation and neighboring Apache-Sitgreaves National Forests was conducted from May through September 2009. Although the blister rust infestation was distributed over more than 100 km2 of forest type, infected trees were restricted to mesic and wet canyon bottoms (climatically high-hazard sites) and were not found on dry sites–even where aecial and telial hosts occurred together. Recent dispersal within the White Mountains was suggested by a presence of infected gooseberry plants on several sites where infected white pines were not yet evident. Geils et al. (1) concluded that the initial infestation in New Mexico had originated by long-distance, aerial transport from California to the Sacramento Mountains in 1969. Since then, numerous additional infestations in the Southwest have been discovered; but we do not know which of these (including Arizona) resulted by dispersal from California or New Mexico. Although rust may eventually infest many host populations in the Southwest and disease may kill most trees in some locations, differences in site hazard and spread provide managers with numerous opportunities to maintain white pines and Ribes spp. References: (1) B. Geils et al. For. Pathol. 40:147, 2010. (2) F. Hawksworth. Plant Dis. 74:938, 1990. (3) M.-S. Kim et al. For. Pathol. 36:145, 2006. (4) D. Vogler and T. Bruns. Mycologia 90:244, 1998.
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Manso, Adriana Pigozzo, Maria Luísa Leite, Patricia Comeau, Claudia Dietrich, Sahand Ghaffari, Dirk Lange e Neil Branda. "Exploring the use of a Ruthenium complex incorporated into a methacrylate-based dental material for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy". Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials 20 (gennaio 2022): 228080002211129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/22808000221112989.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Objectives: To evaluate the effects of a blue light photosensitizer (PS), Ruthenium II complex (Ru), on the chemical, physical, mechanical, and antimicrobial properties of experimental dental resin blends. Methods: The experimental resin (BisEMA, TEEGDMA, HPMA, ethanol, and photoinitiator) was loaded with Ru at 0.00%, 0.07%, 0.14%, 0.28%, 0.56%, 1.12%, 1.2%, 1.5%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, or 10% w/w. Samples were evaluated for the degree of conversion (DC) after 30 and 60 s curing-time ( n = 6). Selected formulations (0.00%, 0.28%, 0.56%, 1.12%) were further tested for shear bond strength (SBS) ( n = 15); flexural strength (FS) ( n = 12); and antimicrobial properties (CFUs), in dark and light conditions. These latter tests were performed on specimens stored for 24-h or 2-month in 37°C water. Water sorption (WS) and solubility (SL) tests were also performed ( n = 12). Data were analyzed either by a one- or two-factor general linear model (α = 0.05). Results: Overall, Ru concentration above 1.2% resulted in reduced DC. In SBS results, only the 1.12%Ru resin blend samples had statistically lower values compared to the 0.00%Ru resin blend at 24-h storage ( p = 0.004). In addition, no differences in SBS were detected among the experimental groups after 2-month storage in water. Meanwhile, FS increased for all experimental groups under similar aging conditions ( p < 0.001). Antimicrobial properties were improved upon inclusion of Ru and application of light ( p < 0.001 for both) at 24-h and 2-month storage. Lastly, no detectable changes in WS or SL were observed for the Ru-added resins compared to the 0.00%Ru resin blend. However, the 0.28% Ru blend presented significantly higher WS compared to the 0.56% Ru blend ( p = 0.007). Conclusions: Stable SBS, improved FS, and sustained antimicrobial properties after aging gives significant credence to our approach of adding the Ruthenium II complex into dental adhesive resin blends intended for an aPDT approach.
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Casassa, Gino, Andrés Rivera, César Acuña, Henry Brecher e Heiner Lange. "Elevation change and ice flow at Horseshoe Valley, Patriot Hills, West Antarctica". Annals of Glaciology 39 (2004): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756404781814564.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractPatriot Hills is located at 80˚18’ S, 81˚22’W, at the southernmost end of the Heritage Range, Ellsworth Mountains, West Antarctica. A comparison of glacier elevation data and ice velocities obtained by the differential global positioning system in the period 1996–97 is presented. Ablation/accumulation rates measured at a network of stakes in Horseshoe Valley show average accumulation of 70 kg m–2 a–1 in the central part of the valley, and a maximum ablation of ∼170 kg m–2 a–1 at the edge of the blue-ice area, close to Patriot Hills. Changes in the surface elevation of the glacier measured at 81 stakes in the period 1995–97 show a mean thickening of +0.43±0.42ma–1, which, considering the uncertainties, indicates that the ice sheet around Patriot Hills is in near steady state. Surface velocities, in combination with ice thicknesses obtained by ground-based radio-echo sounding, are used to compute the ice flux across the Horseshoe Valley transect. A total outflow of 0.44 ±0.08km3 a–1 is obtained. Considering a catchment area for Horseshoe Valley of 1087 km2 upstream from the flow transect, and a net accumulation rate of 100 kg m–2 a–1, a total input of 0.11 ±0.04km3 a–1 by snow accumulation is obtained. Accepting a near-equilibrium condition for the ice sheet, the flux difference, i.e. 0.33 km3 a–1, must be supplied by flow from the inland ice sheet through ice cliffs located in mountain gaps in the Heritage Range. If Horseshoe Valley is not in steady state but is thickening, the positive mass balance could be due to increased snow accumulation or enhanced ice flow from the interior of the ice sheet. New data are needed to elucidate this.
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Miller, Robert B., Kathleen I. Bryant, Brigid Doran, Michael P. Eddy, Franco P. Raviola, Nicholas Sylva e Paul J. Umhoefer. "Eocene dike orientations across the Washington Cascades in response to a major strike-slip faulting episode and ridge-trench interaction". Geosphere 18, n. 2 (3 febbraio 2022): 697–725. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/ges02387.1.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract The northern Cascade Mountains in Washington (USA) preserve an exceptional shallow to mid-crustal record of Eocene transtension marked by dextral strike-slip faulting, intrusion of dike swarms and plutons, rapid non-marine sedimentation, and ductile flow and rapid cooling in parts of the North Cascades crystalline core. Transtension occurred during ridge-trench interaction with the formation of a slab window, and slab rollback and break-off occurred shortly after collision of the Siletzia oceanic plateau at ca. 50 Ma. Dike swarms intruded a ≥1250 km2 region between ca. 49.3 Ma and 44.9 Ma, and orientations of more than 1500 measured dikes coupled with geochronologic data provide important snapshots of the regional strain field. The mafic Teanaway dikes are the southernmost and most voluminous of the swarms. They strike NE (mean = 036°) and average ~15 m in thickness. To the north, rhyolitic to basaltic dikes overlap spatially with 49.3–46.5 Ma, mainly granodioritic plutons, but they typically predate the nearby plutons by ca. 500 k.y. The average orientations of five of the six dike domains range from 010° to 058°; W-NW–to NW–striking dikes characterize one domain and are found in lesser amounts in a few other domains. Overall, the mean strike for all Eocene dikes is 035°, and the average extension direction (305°–125°) is oblique to the strike (~320°) of the North Cascades orogen. Extension by diking reached ~45% in one >7-km-long transect through the Teanaway swarm and ranged from ~5% to locally ~79% in shorter transects across other swarms, which corresponds to a minimum of ~12 km of extension. The dominant NE-striking dikes are compatible with the dextral motion on the N- to NW-striking (~355–320°) regional strike-slip faults. Some of the W–NW- to NW-striking dikes were arguably influenced by pre-existing faults, shear fractures, and foliations, and potentially in one swarm where both NE- and lesser W-NW–striking dikes are present, by a switch in principal stress axes induced by dike emplacement. Alternatively, the W-NW–to NW-striking dikes may reflect a younger regional strain field, as ca. 49.3–47.5 Ma U-Pb zircon ages of the NE-striking dikes are older than those of the few dated W-NW–to NW-trending dikes. In one scenario, NE-striking dikes intruded during an interval when strain mainly reflected dextral strike-slip faulting, and the younger dikes record a switch to more arc-normal extension. Diking ended as magmatism migrated into a N-S–trending belt west of the North Cascades core that marks the initiation of the ancestral Cascade arc.
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COROLIOVA, Elfrida. "Th e performances of the Moldovan Academic Musical Dramatic State Th eater “A.S. Pushkin” in the 1970s". Arta 31, n. 2 (gennaio 2023): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.52603/arta.2022.31-2.11.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Th e present article analyses the performances of the Moldovan Academic Musical Dramatic State Theater „A.S. Pushkin” staged in the 1970s, in which cultural and civic identities were manifested, and namely: Egor Bulâciov and others by M. Gorki, Th e tiger and the hyena by S. Petőfi , Th e armored train 14-69 by Vs. Ivanov, Romeo and Juliet by W. Shakespeare, On the Night of a Moon Eclipse by M. Karim, The Inspector General by N. Gogol, Beyond the Green Door by R. Ibraghimbekov, Th e Blue Deer by A Kolomieț, An interview in Buenos Aires by H. Borovik, Servant to two masters by C. Goldoni, As long as we are going live by O. Iosseliani, The Prize by A. Ghelman, Night Asylum by M. Gorki, Solo for the clock by O. Zagradnic, the trilogy Th e Paths, A boat in the forest and Th e Dogs by N. Haitov, The Lark by J. Anouilh. The article also examines the shows marked by cultural, national and civic identities, among them: Love is not a bad counsel by A. Marinat, Th e Birds of our youth by I. Druță, Two girls and a nanny by V. Alecsandri, The Leader by D. Matcovschi, Childhood Memories and Harap Alb (Once upon a time…) by I. Creangă, Father by D. Matcovschi.
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Kravchuk, Yaroslav, e Vitaliy Brusak. "RELIEF AND GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF HUTSULSHCHYNA AND VERKHOVYNSKYI NATIONAL NATURAL PARKS". PROBLEMS OF GEOMORPHOLOGY AND PALEOGEOGRAPHY OF THE UKRANIAN CARPATHIANS AND ADJACENT AREAS 02, n. 13 (30 dicembre 2021): 18–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/gpc.2021.2.3546.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Relief and geological structure of Hutsulshchyna and Verkhovynskyi national natural parks (NNP), located in the south-eastern part of the Ukrainian Carpathians, present four geomorphological regions of the Ukrainian Carpathians. Hutsulshchyna NNP is located in Skybovi Carpathians and Precarpathian Upland. Verkhovynskyi NNP is located in Marmaroski Carpathians and Polonynsko-Chornohirski Carpathians. The analysis of the morphostructure and morphosculpture of national natural parks is carried out taking into account the longitudinal (N-W – S-E) and transverse divisions of the Ukrainian Carpathians. The longitudinal division is associated with morphostructures of higher orders, such as the second and third, and the transverse is associated with the fourth and fifth orders of morphostructure. In the analysis of morphosculpture of NNPs, the types which are characteristic of the Carpathian Flysch and Сrystalline Carpathians are allocated. Mountain ranges and ridges such as Sloboda-Rungurska, Pokuttia med-mountains, Hryniava-Losova and Chyvchyn mountains are characterized by an asymmetrical structure – steep northeastern slopes and declivous southwestern slopes. The relic morphosculpture is represented by: 1) fragments of denudation surfaces of different ages such as Polonynska within Verkhovynskyi NPP as well as Karmaturska (analogue of Pidbeskid) within Hutsulshchyna NPP, and riparian; 2) extra and ancient glacial within Verkhovynskyi NPP and extra glacial within Hutsulshchyna NPP; 3) areas of ancient longitudinal valleys. The presence of relict ("dead") river valleys is characteristic of the premountain part of Hutsulshchyna NNP. Modern morphodynamic processes represent by height (tier) differentiation. In the tiers of strongly dissected mеd-mountain and low-mountain relief, the processes of planar erosion, deflux, and linear erosion play an important role in the modelling of the relief. The lower tier of the terraced and non-terraced bottoms of the valleys are associated with the processes of leaching and erosion as well as a significant accumulation of erosion products and mudflows. Among gravitational processes and block motions, stabilized and active displacements are the most recorded. Key words: National natural park; Ukrainian Carpathians; relief; morphostructure; morphosculpture.
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PERKINS, PHILIP D. "Hydraenidae of Madagascar (Insecta: Coleoptera)". Zootaxa 4342, n. 1 (3 novembre 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4342.1.1.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The Madagascar fauna of the beetle family Hydraenidae is comprehensively revised, based on the study and databasing of 6,949 specimens. New collection records are provided for 11 previously described species, and 95 new species are described. Three new subgenera of Hydraena, viz. H. (Micromadraena), H. (Monomadraena), and H. (Dnahydnaedna) are described, and several new species groups of Hydraena are diagnosed. Two new genera in the tribe Madagastrini are described: Menomadraena and Trinomadraena. The Malagasy hydraenid fauna now comprises 106 species arrayed in the following nine genera: Aulacochthebius (2), Hydraena (65), Limnebius (10), Madagaster (8), Menomadraena (6), Ochthebius (1), Protozantaena (5), Sicilicula (8), and Trinomadraena (1). Lectotypes are designated for the following species: Aulacochthebius plicicollis (Fairmaire), 1898 (Ochthebius); Hydraena dilutipes Fairmaire, 1898; Hydraena impressicollis Fairmaire, 1898; Hydraena marginicollis Regimbart, 1903 (= Hydraena regimbarti Zaitzev 1908; nomen novum); and Ochthebius alluaudi Regimbart, 1903. Hydraena discicollis Fairmaire, 1898, is considered a nomen dubium: no type specimens were found, and the description appears to be that of a species of Aulacochthebius or Ochthebius, not Hydraena. High resolution digital images of lectotypes and holotypes of new species are presented (online versions in color). Male genitalia, representative antennae, maxillary palpi, and female terminal abdominal segments and spermathecae are illustrated. Geographic distributions of all species are mapped. Possible colonization and vicariance events are discussed at the tribal, generic and species group levels. The tribe Madagastrini, found only in Madagascar and southern India, is hygropetric, indicating that this microhabitat type has been continuously present in both Madagascar and India at least since the two separated, currently estimated to be 88 million years ago. Contrastingly, some lowland lentic species of other genera appear to be closely related to species in southern Africa, suggesting rather recent colonization events. New species of Aulacochthebius: A. perlaevis (Mahajanga, Boeny: Mahavavy Kinkony RS). New species of Hydraena (Micromadraena): H. breviceps (Fianarantsoa, 29 km SSW Ambositra, Ankazomivady); H. fortipes (Antsiranana, Forêt d' Antsahabe); H. genuvela (Antsiranana, Forêt de Binara); H. parvipalpis (Antananarivo, Réserve Spéciale d'Ambohitantely); H. rubridentata ((Mahajanga, Parc National de Namoroka); H. serripennis (Antsiranana, Forêt d' Antsahabe). New species of Hydraena (Monomadraena): H. acicula (Antsiranana, Antsaba, Galoko Mountains); H. ambohitantely (Antananarivo, Ambohitantely Spec. Res.); H. amplexa (Fianarantsoa, Andringitra NP); H. amplipunctata (Fianarantsoa, 7 km W Ranomafana); H. antsahabe (Antsiranana, Forêt d' Antsahabe); H. bergsteni (Antsiranana, Diana: Beraty); H. bisinuata (Toamasina, Tamatave 6.3 km S Ambanizona); H. bisinuloba (Toliara, Menabe: Kirindy RS.); H. bispica (Toamasina, Alaotra Mangoro: Analamazoatra SR); H. casacolumna (Fianarantsoa, Andringitra NP); H. compacta (Antananarivo, Ankaratra, Reserve Manjakatompo); H. contracolorata (Antsiranana, Montagne des Francais); H. epipleurata (Antsiranana, Forêt de Binara); H. furcula (Toliara, 40km N of Fort Dauphin, Managotry); H. gereckei (Antananarivo, Ankaratra, Reserve Manjakatompo); H. goldschmidti (Antananarivo, Anjozorobe, Ravoandrina); H. inseriata (Antananarivo, Anjozorobe, Ravoandrina); H. jubata (Antsiranana, Sava Marojejy NP); H. levifurcata (Fianarantsoa, Namarona River, 7 km SW Ranomafana); H. lubrica (Antananarivo, Ambohitantely Spec. Res.); H. mahavavona (Fianarantsoa, Ionilahy, Mahavavona); H. manjakatompo (Antananarivo, Ankaratra, Reserve Manjakatompo); H. marojejy (Antsiranana, Parc National de Marojejy); H. multiarcuata (Fianarantsoa, Ranomafana); H. oscillata (Toamasina, Alaotra Mangoro Andasibe-Mantadia NP); H. parvispinosa (Toamasina, Andasibe NP); H. pentarubra (Antsiranana, Montagne d'Ambre); H. quatriloba (Toliara, Andohahela NP, Tsimelahy); H. ranomafana (Fianarantsoa, Ranomafana); H. ravoandrina (Antananarivo, Anjozorobe, Ravoandrina); H. rubrifurcata (Antsiranana, Sava, Marojejy NP); H. sculponea (Antsiranana, Befingotra (9.2 km WSW), Res. Anjanaharibe-Sud); H. simplicata (Antsiranana, Montagne d'Ambre); H. tibiodentipes (Fianarantsoa, Andringitra NP); H. triaequalis (Fianarantsoa, Ranohira); H. tripartita (Fianarantsoa, Ranomena); H. upsilonica (Toamasina, Zahamena NP); New species of Hydraena (Hydraenopsis): H. andranomena (Toliara, Andranomena); H. arta (Antsiranana, Parc National de Marojejy); H. bucollis (Toamasina, Tamatave, Andranobe Field Station); H. clavulata (Fianarantsoa, Ranomafana); H. contorta (Antananarivo, Anjozorobe forest reserve); H. dilutipoides (Mahajanga, Parc National Tsingy de Bemaraha); H. divisa (Antsiranana, Antsaba,Galoko Mountains); H. elementaria (Antananarivo, Tamatave, Coastal lagoon); H. fulgidicollis (Antananarivo, Parc de Tsimbazaza); H. longiloba (Fianarantsoa, Madiorano); H. nanula (Antsiranana, Ankarana, Ampositelo); H. orchisa (Toamasina, Alaotra Mangoro Andasibe-Mantadia NP); H. pilobova (Antsiranana, Sava, Marojejy NP); H. pilotumida (Fianarantsoa, 7 km W Ranomafana); H. ranarilalatiani (Toamasina, Alaotra Mangoro: Analamazoatra SR); H. randriamihajai (Antsiranana, Diana: Montagne d'Ambre NP); H. renalisa (Antsiranana, Sambava: Marojejy NP); H. sinuatipes (Antsiranana, Ankarana); H. torquata (Fianarantsoa, Andringitra NP). New species of Limnebius: L. angulatus (Fianarantsoa, Namarona River, 7 km W Ranomafana); L. balkei (Antsiranana, Montagne d'Ambre); L. bergsteni (Fianarantsoa, Namarona River, 7 km W Ranomafana); L. clandestinus (Mahajanga, Boeny:Mahavavy Kinkony RSc); L. labratus (Toamasina, Maroantsetra); L. lacrimosus (Toamasina, 18.7911S 48.4259E Alaotra Mangoro Andasibe-Mantadia NP); L. lobatus (Toliara, Manakaravavy); L. maximadus (Toamasina, Alaotra Mangoro: Analamazoatra SR); L. nanostillus (Antsiranana, Ankarana); L. steineri (Fianarantsoa, 7 km W Ranomafana). New species of Madagaster: M. barbata (Fianarantsoa, Andringitra NP); M. bergsteni (Antananarivo, 18.8704S 47.6708E Analamanga); M. cataracta (Antsiranana, Sava, Marojejy NP); M. procarina (Fianarantsoa, 32 km S Ambositra); M. quadricurvipes (Fianarantsoa, Andringitra NP); M. simplissima (Fianarantsoa, 32 km S Ambositra). New species of Menomadraena: M. andringitra (Fianarantsoa, Res. Andringitra); M. concava (Fianarantsoa, R.S. Ivohibe); M. fisheri (Toliara, Enakara (11 km NW), Res. Andohahela); M. ivohibe (Fianarantsoa, R.S. Ivohibe); M. nitedula (Fianarantsoa, Res. Andringitra); M. sembella (Fianarantsoa, Amparihibe). New species of Protozantaena: P. duplicata (Antananarivo, Vakinankaratra: Manjakatompo Stn. Forestière); P. elongata (Antananarivo, Vakinankaratra: Manjakatompo Stn. Forestière). New species of Sicilicula: S. ampla (Antananarivo, Onive River near Ilempona); S. bergsteni (Fianarantsoa, 21.2263S 47.3694E, Matsiara Ambony, Ranomafana NP); S. conjugalis (Fianarantsoa, Namarona River, 7 km SW Ranomafana); S. cordicollis (Fianarantsoa, Namarona River, 7 km SW Ranomafana); S. hygropetrica (Fianarantsoa, Matsiara Ambony, Ranomafana NP); S. malagasica (Fianarantsoa, Abohimahasoa); S. sexplanata (Antsiranana, Mt. Tsaratanana). New species of Trinomadraena: T. clusa (Antsiranana, Mt. d’Ambre).
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Talavera, Salvador, Karin Tremetsberger, María de los Ángeles Ortiz, María Jesús Ariza e María Talavera. "Revisión del género Helminthotheca Vaill. (Cichorieae, Compositae). Revision of the genus Helminthotheca Vaill. (Cichorieae, Compositae)." Acta Botanica Malacitana 41 (1 dicembre 2016): 49–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.24310/abm.v41i0.2487.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Español. Se presenta la revisión taxonómica del género Helminthotheca Vaill., basada en el estudio morfológico de material en toda su área de distribución. El género, que se incluye en la subtribu Hypochaeridinae de la tribu Cichorieae, tiene una distribución centrada principalmente en el oeste de la Región Mediterránea, y se diferencia del resto de los géneros de la subtribu por la presencia de acúleos ± espinosos y setas gloquidiadas en los tallos, hojas y a veces en las brácteas del involucro, pero sobre todo por la presencia de 5 hojas involucrantes que rodean al verdadero involucro del capítulo. Sobre la base del ciclo de vida, la morfología de las hojas involucrantes y los tipos de frutos, las distintas especies del género se reagrupan en tres secciones: Helminthotheca, Vigineixia y Eliptica. Las secciones Helminthotheca y Vigineixia, ambas monotípicas, comprenden especies anuales, con hojas involucrantes cordiformes y los frutos del capítulo dimorfos. La sección Eliptica, con 5 especies reconocidas, se diferencia de las otras secciones por incluir especies perennes, con hojas involucrantes ovadas o elípticas y frutos del capítulo homomorfos. En este trabajo se efectúa una combinación nueva, Helminthotheca sect. Vigineixia (Pomel) Talavera, y se da un nombre nuevo a Picris subgen. Deckera sensu Battandier: Helminthotheca sect. Eliptica Talavera & Tremetsberger. La sección Eliptica es la más compleja debido, sobre todo, a la hibridación interespecífica cuando las especies conviven, habiéndose detectado zonas híbridas en el N del Guadalquivir al W de Sierra Morena (S de España), en el extremo más occidental de las montañas del Rif, cerca de la Península Tingitana, en el E del Rif (NW of Marruecos), en las montañas del Atlas argelino y en las colinas arcillosas de Beni-Zenthis (Orán, Argelia).English. Based on a morphological study, we present the revision of the genus Helminthotheca Vaill., a small member of the subtribe Hypochaeridinae of the tribe Cichorieae, which is mainly distributed in the western part of the Mediterranean region. Helminthotheca is differentiated from the remaining genera of the subtribe by the presence of ± spiny prickles and glochid-like bristles in stems, leaves and, sometimes, involucral bracts. The main distinguishing character, however, is the presence of 5 outer involucral leaves, which surround the proper involucre of the head. Based on the life cycle, the morphology of the outer involucral leaves and the fruit types found in the head, species of Helminthotheca are rearranged in three sections: Helminthotheca, Vigineixia and Eliptica. The sections Helminthotheca and Vigineixia, both monotypic, are annuals with cordate outer involucral leaves and dimorphic fruits in the head. The section Eliptica, with five recognized species, is differentiated from the other sections by its perennial habit, ovate or elliptic outer involucral leaves and homomorphic fruits in the head. Here, we make a new combination, Helminthotheca sect. Vigineixia (Pomel) Talavera, and give a new name to Picris subgen. Deckera sensu Battandier, Helminthotheca sect. Eliptica Talavera & Tremetsberger. The section Eliptica is the most complex section, due mainly to interspecific hybridization between all species, when they co-occur, with hybrid zones having been detected in the N of the Guadalquivir River in the W of the Sierra Morena (S Spain), in the westernmost part of the Rif Mountains, near the Tangier Peninsula, in the E Rif and Middle Atlas (NW Morocco), in the Algerian Atlas Mountains and in the argillaceous hills of Beni-Zenthis (Oran, Algeria).
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Talavera, Salvador, Karin Tremetsberger, María De los Ángeles Ortiz, María Jesús Ariza e María Talavera. "Revisión del género Helminthotheca Vaill. (Cichorieae, Compositae). Revision of the genus Helminthotheca Vaill. (Cichorieae, Compositae)." Acta Botanica Malacitana 41 (25 maggio 2017): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.24310/actabotanicaabm.v41i0.2487.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Español. Se presenta la revisión taxonómica del género Helminthotheca Vaill., basada en el estudio morfológico de material en toda su área de distribución. El género, que se incluye en la subtribu Hypochaeridinae de la tribu Cichorieae, tiene una distribución centrada principalmente en el oeste de la Región Mediterránea, y se diferencia del resto de los géneros de la subtribu por la presencia de acúleos ± espinosos y setas gloquidiadas en los tallos, hojas y a veces en las brácteas del involucro, pero sobre todo por la presencia de 5 hojas involucrantes que rodean al verdadero involucro del capítulo. Sobre la base del ciclo de vida, la morfología de las hojas involucrantes y los tipos de frutos, las distintas especies del género se reagrupan en tres secciones: Helminthotheca, Vigineixia y Eliptica. Las secciones Helminthotheca y Vigineixia, ambas monotípicas, comprenden especies anuales, con hojas involucrantes cordiformes y los frutos del capítulo dimorfos. La sección Eliptica, con 5 especies reconocidas, se diferencia de las otras secciones por incluir especies perennes, con hojas involucrantes ovadas o elípticas y frutos del capítulo homomorfos. En este trabajo se efectúa una combinación nueva, Helminthotheca sect. Vigineixia (Pomel) Talavera, y se da un nombre nuevo a Picris subgen. Deckera sensu Battandier: Helminthotheca sect. Eliptica Talavera & Tremetsberger. La sección Eliptica es la más compleja debido, sobre todo, a la hibridación interespecífica cuando las especies conviven, habiéndose detectado zonas híbridas en el N del Guadalquivir al W de Sierra Morena (S de España), en el extremo más occidental de las montañas del Rif, cerca de la Península Tingitana, en el E del Rif (NW of Marruecos), en las montañas del Atlas argelino y en las colinas arcillosas de Beni-Zenthis (Orán, Argelia).English. Based on a morphological study, we present the revision of the genus Helminthotheca Vaill., a small member of the subtribe Hypochaeridinae of the tribe Cichorieae, which is mainly distributed in the western part of the Mediterranean region. Helminthotheca is differentiated from the remaining genera of the subtribe by the presence of ± spiny prickles and glochid-like bristles in stems, leaves and, sometimes, involucral bracts. The main distinguishing character, however, is the presence of 5 outer involucral leaves, which surround the proper involucre of the head. Based on the life cycle, the morphology of the outer involucral leaves and the fruit types found in the head, species of Helminthotheca are rearranged in three sections: Helminthotheca, Vigineixia and Eliptica. The sections Helminthotheca and Vigineixia, both monotypic, are annuals with cordate outer involucral leaves and dimorphic fruits in the head. The section Eliptica, with five recognized species, is differentiated from the other sections by its perennial habit, ovate or elliptic outer involucral leaves and homomorphic fruits in the head. Here, we make a new combination, Helminthotheca sect. Vigineixia (Pomel) Talavera, and give a new name to Picris subgen. Deckera sensu Battandier, Helminthotheca sect. Eliptica Talavera & Tremetsberger. The section Eliptica is the most complex section, due mainly to interspecific hybridization between all species, when they co-occur, with hybrid zones having been detected in the N of the Guadalquivir River in the W of the Sierra Morena (S Spain), in the westernmost part of the Rif Mountains, near the Tangier Peninsula, in the E Rif and Middle Atlas (NW Morocco), in the Algerian Atlas Mountains and in the argillaceous hills of Beni-Zenthis (Oran, Algeria).
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Zanutta, Antonio, Monia Negusini, Luca Vittuari, Leonardo Martelli, Paola Cianfarra, Francesco Salvini, Francesco Mancini et al. "Victoria Land, Antarctica: An Improved Geodynamic Interpretation Based on the Strain Rate Field of the Current Crustal Motion and Moho Depth Model". Remote Sensing 13, n. 1 (29 dicembre 2020): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13010087.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In Antarctica, the severe climatic conditions and the thick ice sheet that covers the largest and most internal part of the continent make it particularly difficult to systematically carry out geophysical and geodetic observations on a continental scale. It prevents the comprehensive understanding of both the onshore and offshore geology as well as the relationship between the inner part of East Antarctica (EA) and the coastal sector of Victoria Land (VL). With the aim to reduce this gap, in this paper multiple geophysical dataset collected since the 1980s in Antarctica by Programma Nazionale di Ricerche in Antartide (PNRA) were integrated with geodetic observations. In particular, the analyzed data includes: (i) Geodetic time series from Trans Antarctic Mountains DEFormation (TAMDEF), and Victoria Land Network for DEFormation control (VLNDEF) GNSS stations installed in Victoria Land; (ii) the integration of on-shore (ground points data and airborne) gravity measurements in Victoria Land and marine gravity surveys performed in the Ross Sea and the narrow strip of Southern Ocean facing the coasts of northern Victoria Land. Gravity data modelling has improved the knowledge of the Moho depth of VL and surrounding the offshore areas. By the integration of geodetic and gravitational (or gravity) potential results it was possible to better constrain/identify four geodynamic blocks characterized by homogeneous geophysical signature: the Southern Ocean to the N, the Ross Sea to the E, the Wilkes Basin to the W, and VL in between. The last block is characterized by a small but significant clockwise rotation relative to East Antarctica. The presence of a N-S to NNW-SSE 1-km step in the Moho in correspondence of the Rennick Geodynamic Belt confirms the existence of this crustal scale discontinuity, possibly representing the tectonic boundary between East Antarctica and the northern part of VL block, as previously proposed by some geological studies.
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PERKINS, PHILIP D. "A revision of the Australian humicolous and hygropetric water beetle genus Tympanogaster Perkins, and comparative morphology of the Meropathina (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae)". Zootaxa 1346, n. 1 (30 ottobre 2006): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1346.1.1.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The Australian endemic humicolous and hygropetric water beetle genus Tympanogaster Perkins, 1979, is revised, based on the study of 7,280 specimens. The genus is redescribed, and redescriptions are provided for T. cornuta (Janssens), T. costata (Deane), T. deanei Perkins, T. macrognatha (Lea), T. novicia (Blackburn), T. obcordata (Deane), T. schizolabra (Deane), and T. subcostata (Deane). Lectotypes are designated for Ochthebius labratus Deane, 1933, and Ochthebius macrognathus Lea, 1926. Ochthebius labratus Deane, 1933, is synonymized with Ochthebius novicius Blackburn, 1896. Three new subgenera are described: Hygrotympanogaster new subgenus (type species Tympanogaster (Hygrotympanogaster) maureenae new species; Topotympanogaster new subgenus (type species Tympanogaster (Topotympanogaster) crista new species; and Plesiotympanogaster new genus (type species Tympanogaster (Plesiotympanogaster) thayerae new species. Seventy-six new species are described, and keys to the subgenera, species groups, and species are given. High resolution digital images of all primary types are presented (online version in color), and geographic distributions are mapped. Male genitalia, representative spermathecae and representative mouthparts are illustrated. Scanning electron micrographs of external morphological characters of adults and larvae are presented. Selected morphological features of the other members of the subtribe Meropathina, Meropathus Enderlein and Tympallopatrum Perkins, are illustrated and compared with those of Tympanogaster. Species of Tympanogaster are typically found in the relict rainforest patches in eastern Australia. Most species have very limited distributions, and relict rainforest patches often have more than one endemic species. The only species currently known from the arid center of Australia, T. novicia, has the widest distribution pattern, ranging into eastern rainforest patches. There is a fairly close correspondence between subgenera and microhabitat preferences. Members of Tympanogaster (s. str.) live in the splash zone, usually on stream boulders, or on bedrock stream margins. The majority of T. (Hygrotympanogaster) species live in the hygropetric zone at the margins of waterfalls, or on steep rockfaces where water is continually trickling; a few rare species have been collected from moss in Nothofagus rainforests. Species of T. (Plesiotympanogaster) have been found in both hygropetric microhabitats and in streamside moss. The exact microhabitats of T. (Topotympanogaster) are unknown, but the morphology of most species suggests non-aquatic habits; most specimens have been collected in humicolous microhabitats, by sifting rainforest debris, or were taken in flight intercept traps. Larvae of hygropetric species are often collected with adults. These larvae have tube-like, dorsally positioned, mesothoracic spiracles that allow the larvae to breathe while under a thin film of water. The key morphological differences between larvae of Tympanogaster (s. str.) and those of Tympanogaster (Hygrotympanogaster) are illustrated. New species of Tympanogaster are: T. (s. str.) aldinga (New South Wales, Dorrigo National Park, Rosewood Creek), T. (s. str.) amaroo (New South Wales, Back Creek, downstream of Moffatt Falls), T. (s. str.) ambigua (Queensland, Cairns), T. (Hygrotympanogaster) arcuata (New South Wales, Kara Creek, 13 km NEbyE of Jindabyne), T. (Hygrotympanogaster) atroargenta (Victoria, Possum Hollow falls, West branch Tarwin River, 5.6 km SSW Allambee), T. (Hygrotympanogaster) barronensis (Queensland, Barron Falls, Kuranda), T. (s. str.) bluensis (New South Wales, Blue Mountains), T. (Hygrotympanogaster) bondi (New South Wales, Bondi Heights), T. (Hygrotympanogaster) bryosa (New South Wales, New England National Park), T. (Hygrotympanogaster) buffalo (Victoria, Mount Buffalo National Park), T. (Hygrotympanogaster) canobolas (New South Wales, Mount Canobolas Park), T. (s. str.) cardwellensis (Queensland, Cardwell Range, Goddard Creek), T. (Hygrotympanogaster) cascadensis (New South Wales, Cascades Campsite, on Tuross River), T. (Hygrotympanogaster) clandestina (Victoria, Grampians National Park, Golton Gorge, 7.0 km W Dadswells Bridge), T. (Hygrotympanogaster) clypeata (Victoria, Grampians National Park, Golton Gorge, 7.0 km W Dadswells Bridge), T. (s. str.) cooloogatta (New South Wales, New England National Park, Five Day Creek), T. (Hygrotympanogaster) coopacambra (Victoria, Beehive Falls, ~2 km E of Cann Valley Highway on 'WB Line'), T. (Topotympanogaster) crista (Queensland, Mount Cleveland summit), T. (Hygrotympanogaster) cudgee (New South Wales, New England National Park, 0.8 km S of Pk. Gate), T. (s. str.) cunninghamensis (Queensland, Main Range National Park, Cunningham's Gap, Gap Creek), T. (s. str.) darlingtoni (New South Wales, Barrington Tops), T. (Hygrotympanogaster) decepta (Victoria, Mount Buffalo National Park), T. (s. str.) dingabledinga (New South Wales, Dorrigo National Park, Rosewood Creek, upstream from Coachwood Falls), T. (s. str.) dorrigoensis (New South Wales, Dorrigo National Park, Rosewood Creek, upstream from Coachwood Falls), T. (Topotympanogaster) dorsa (Queensland, Windin Falls, NW Mount Bartle-Frere), T. (Hygrotympanogaster) duobifida (Victoria, 0.25 km E Binns, Hill Junction, adjacent to Jeeralang West Road, 4.0 km S Jeerelang), T. (s. str.) eungella (Queensland, Finch Hatton Gorge), T. (Topotympanogaster) finniganensis (Queensland, Mount Finnigan summit), T. (s. str.) foveova (New South Wales, Border Ranges National Park, Brindle Creek), T. (Hygrotympanogaster) grampians (Victoria, Grampians National Park, Epacris Falls, 2.5 km WNW Halls Gap), T. (Hygrotympanogaster) gushi (New South Wales, Mount Canobolas Park), T. (s. str.) hypipamee (Queensland, Mount Hypipamee National Park, Barron River headwaters below Dinner Falls), T. (s. str.) illawarra (New South Wales, Macquarie Rivulet Falls, near Wollongong), T. (Topotympanogaster) intricata (Queensland, Mossman Bluff Track, 5–10 km W Mossman), T. (s. str.) jaechi (Queensland, Running Creek, along road between Mount Chinghee National Park and Border Ranges National Park), T. (Topotympanogaster) juga (Queensland, Mount Lewis summit), T. kuranda (Queensland, Barron Falls, Kuranda), T. (s. str.) lamingtonensis (Queensland, Lamington National Park, Lightening Creek), T. (s. str.) magarra (New South Wales, Border Ranges National Park, Brindle Creek), T. (Hygrotympanogaster) maureenae (New South Wales, Back Creek, Moffatt Falls, ca. 5 km W New England National Park boundary), T. (Hygrotympanogaster) megamorpha (Victoria, Possum Hollow falls, W br. Tarwin River, 5.6 km SSW Allambee), T. (Hygrotympanogaster) merrijig (Victoria, Merrijig), T. (s. str.) millaamillaa (Queensland, Millaa Millaa), T. modulatrix (Victoria, Talbot Creek at Thomson Valley Road, 4.25 km WSW Beardmore), T. (Topotympanogaster) monteithi (Queensland, Mount Bartle Frere), T. moondarra (New South Wales, Border Ranges National Park, Brindle Creek), T. (s. str.) mysteriosa (Queensland), T. (Hygrotympanogaster) nargun (Victoria, Deadcock Den, on Den of Nargun Creek, Mitchell River National Park), T. (Hygrotympanogaster) newtoni (Victoria, Mount Buffalo National Park), T. (s. str.) ovipennis (New South Wales, Dorrigo National Park, Rosewood Creek, upstream from Coachwood Falls), T. (s. str.) pagetae (New South Wales, Back Creek, downstream of Moffatt Falls), T. (Topotympanogaster) parallela (Queensland, Mossman Bluff Track, 5–10 km W Mossman), T. (s. str.) perpendicula (Queensland, Mossman Bluff Track, 5–10 km W Mossman), T. plana (Queensland, Cape Tribulation), T. (Hygrotympanogaster) porchi (Victoria, Tarra-Bulga National Park, Tarra Valley Road, 1.5 km SE Tarra Falls), T. (s. str.) precariosa (New South Wales, Leycester Creek, 4 km. S of Border Ranges National Park), T. (s. str.) protecta (New South Wales, Leycester Creek, 4 km. S of Border Ranges National Park), T. (Hygrotympanogaster) punctata (Victoria, Mount Buffalo National Park, Eurobin Creek), T. (s. str.) ravenshoensis (Queensland, Ravenshoe State Forest, Charmillan Creek, 12 km SE Ravenshoe), T. (s. str.) robinae (New South Wales, Back Creek, downstream of Moffatt Falls), T. (s. str.) serrata (Queensland, Natural Bridge National Park, Cave Creek), T. (Hygrotympanogaster) spicerensis (Queensland, Spicer’s Peak summit), T. (Hygrotympanogaster) storeyi (Queensland, Windsor Tableland), T. (Topotympanogaster) summa (Queensland, Mount Elliott summit), T. (Hygrotympanogaster) tabula (New South Wales, Mount Canobolas Park), T. (Hygrotympanogaster) tallawarra (New South Wales, Dorrigo National Park, Rosewood Creek, Cedar Falls), T. (s. str.) tenax (New South Wales, Salisbury), T. (Plesiotympanogaster) thayerae (Tasmania, Liffey Forest Reserve at Liffey River), T. (s. str.) tora (Queensland, Palmerston National Park), T. trilineata (New South Wales, Sydney), T. (Hygrotympanogaster) truncata (Queensland, Tambourine Mountain), T. (s. str.) volata (Queensland, Palmerston National Park, Learmouth Creek, ca. 14 km SE Millaa Millaa), T. (Hygrotympanogaster) wahroonga (New South Wales, Wahroonga), T. (s. str.) wattsi (New South Wales, Blicks River near Dundurrabin), T. (s. str.) weiri (New South Wales, Allyn River, Chichester State Forest), T. (s. str.) wooloomgabba (New South Wales, New England National Park, Five Day Creek).
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Ali, Mohammed Y., Manhal Sirat e James Small. "Geophysical investigation of Al Jaww Plain, eastern Abu Dhabi: Implications for structure and evolution of the frontal fold belts of the Oman Mountains". GeoArabia 13, n. 2 (1 aprile 2008): 91–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/geoarabia130291.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
ABSTRACT The area to the southeast of the city of Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, is part of an arcuate sedimentary basin whose trend gradually changes from NNW near Al Ain to NNE at Ras Al Khaimah. The basin is bounded to the east by the generally N-trending Oman Mountains and on the west by an arcuate, overall west-verging fold-thrust front that involves Mesozoic carbonates. The fold-thrust front is part of the overall compressional system of Late Cretaceous age (with Late Tertiary reactivation) associated with obduction and emplacement of the Semail Ophiolite, Haybi, Hawasina and Sumeini sheets onto the continental margin of the Arabian Plate. Near Al Ain, the fold-thrust front is expressed as the remarkable, NNW-trending Jabal Hafit that rises one kilometer above the gravel-filled Al Jaww Plain. Gravity and magnetic investigations were carried-out in the Al Jaww Plain, an area of approximately 550 square km. The interpretation of these new data, including measurements of physical properties of rock samples from the area, were integrated with a new interpretation of an industry seismic reflection profile to provide constraints on the modelling of the subsurface structure and evolution of the sedimentary basin beneath Al Jaww Plain. We recognised four major tectono-stratigraphic units in the seismic profiles: autochthonous shelf carbonates, the Hawasina allochthon, Upper Cretaceous foreland basin sediments (primarily Fiqa Formation), and Tertiary neo-authochthonous units. Along-strike variations in the residual Bouguer gravity field were interpreted as being due to either variations in the thickness, or even total absence, of the Hawasina sheet. Comparison of two E-W gravity profiles, one in the southern part of our study area and the other to the north, suggest that the Hawasina sheet underlies little of the southern area but almost all of the northern area. Magnetic anomalies are weak (< 50 nT) over most of the area but peak (> 300 nT) in the easternmost part of the southern profile, where the high-susceptibility rocks of the Semail Ophiolite are exposed. Thus, we interpret that no continuation of the ophiolite extends westward from this outcrop into the subsurface of the study area. The structural geometries described here have resulted from two major tectonic events. The first, a Late Cretaceous phase, emplaced the obduction-related allochthonous thrust sheets of the Oman Mountains westward onto the Mesozoic carbonate platform. This phase primarily affected the eastern part of the study area and contributed to both the high magnetic (> 300 nT) and residual Bouguer gravity (> 14.0 mGal) anomalies. The second event, a Tertiary deformation phase, affected most parts of the area and produced a series of asymmetrical anticlines and synclines trending in a NNW-SSE direction. This phase contributed to the low residual gravity anomaly (< -9.0 mGal) in the center of the study area. We modelled that area as containing a sequence of post-Eocene carbonate sediments with a minimum thickness of 2.0 km. The Tertiary folding and thrusting formed as a result of a regional compressive deformation, whose principal compressive stress axes were sub-parallel to those of the Late Cretaceous compressional stress regime. The younger event reactivated high-angle reverse faults within the Mesozoic platform succession. Precise timing of the Tertiary deformation is debatable; it is most likely that the rejuvenation of the E-W to ENE-WSW Cretaceous stress regime took place in the Late Eocene-Miocene but gradually shifted to become N-S to NE-SW. This shift could be due to the collision of the Arabian and Eurasian plates and the opening of the Red Sea which started during Late Eocene and continues until the present-day.