Articoli di riviste: "Blast furnaces"

1

Kornilov, B. V., O. L. Chaika, V. V. Lebid, Ye I. Shumelchyk e A. O. Moskalina. "THE THERMAL WORK ANALYSIS OF THE FIREPLACES OF BLAST FURNACES OF UKRAINE OF VARIOUS DESIGNS". Fundamental and applied problems of ferrous metallurgy, n. 35 (2021): 55–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.52150/2522-9117-2021-35-55-68.

Testo completo

Abstract (sommario):

The aim of the work is to study modern ways to increase the operational reliability of the furnace and hearth of blast furnaces, which largely determine the duration of the blast furnace campaign. The article analyzes the ways to increase the stability of the furnace and hearth, presents the results of the analysis of thermal work and ignition of the lining of metal receivers of blast furnaces of different designs. The modern directions of construction of the metal receiver of blast furnaces are determined. It is shown that the modern methodology of construction of blast furnace furnaces develops two main directions: the use of a coordinated combination of refractory materials with a cooling system; use of a combination of wear-resistant materials based on carbon and ceramics. However, even the improvement of the design and cooling system of the metal receiver does not allow to fully increase the duration of the campaign. To assess the service life of the furnace, it is necessary to provide regular automated control of the ignition of the furnace lining and hearth. In Ukraine, during the renovation of blast furnaces, the design of metal receivers with the use of "ceramic glass" was preferred. To date, the system of monitoring the thermal work and ignition of the furnace has been implemented in 10 blast furnaces using the automatic control system "Horn" developed by the HMI NASU. The implementation of continuous control over the ignition of the furnace in blast furnaces allowed us to assess the effect of the use of ceramic cups. The value of heat losses of the furnace and the cost of coke for their compensation are estimated. Methods and models for determining the thermal state and wear of the metal receiver lining based on a combination of calorimetric and thermometric control methods have been developed. Comparison of heat losses of the metal receiver in the cooling system of blast furnaces allows to quantify the thermal performance of controlled areas and the furnace as a whole. It is shown that the specific value of heat loss of the metal receiver per unit volume of the blast furnace can serve as an integral parameter. It is established that the value of specific heat losses per unit volume of the blast furnace with a ceramic cup is ~ 0.4-0.7 kW/m3, which is much less than blast furnaces without it (~ 0.9-1.1 kW/m3). Ceramic glass saves coke about 1 kg/t of cast iron.

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

2

Nicolle, Rémy. "The operation of charcoal blast furnaces in the XIXth century". Metallurgical Research & Technology 117, n. 1 (2020): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2019071.

Testo completo

Abstract (sommario):

Processing conditions in charcoal blast furnaces and their related internal phenomena are described, with good precision in papers and books by Hassenfratz, Karsten, Dumas, and especially Ebelmen in 1841, using, for the first time, the newly developed techniques of chemical analyses of gases and solids. Reviewing their publications at the light of more recent physical chemistry data and further developed blast furnace models, brings about a more detailed evaluation of the internal phenomena occurring inside charcoal blast furnaces and about their operating point. As industrial measurements have been carried out on small size blast furnaces, it may also bring a contribution to the archeology of early blast furnace metallurgy.

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

3

Nicolle, Rémy. "History of the iron furnace using the physical-chemical blast furnace model". Metallurgical Research & Technology 120, n. 1 (2023): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2022098.

Testo completo

Abstract (sommario):

The physical–chemical blast furnace model first built by Michard and Rist has proven to be a very efficient tool to predict and drive the present blast furnaces. It mostly describes the iron blast furnace as a counter current gas-solids dual heat and oxygen exchanger. The onset of coke gasification (orelse of iron oxide direct reduction), leads to a two-zones exchange model. This theory is used to look back at the operation of the earlier and smaller iron furnaces such as the early XIXth century charcoal blast furnace or the much older low shaft furnaces. It shows the interest of using physical-chemical models to better understand the operation of past production tools.

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

4

Bonechi, L., F. Ambrosino, P. Andreetto, G. Bonomi, D. Borselli, S. Bottai, T. Buhles et al. "BLEMAB European project: muon imaging technique applied to blast furnaces". Journal of Instrumentation 17, n. 04 (1 aprile 2022): C04031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/17/04/c04031.

Testo completo

Abstract (sommario):

Abstract The BLEMAB European project (BLast furnace stack density Estimation through on-line Muon ABsorption measurements), evolution of the previous Mu-Blast European project, is designed to investigate in detail the capability of muon radiography techniques applied to the imaging of a blast furnace’s inner zone. In particular, the geometry and size of the so called “cohesive zone”, i.e. the spatial zone where the slowly downward moving material begins to soften and melt, that plays an important role in the performance of the blast furnace itself. Thanks to the high penetration power of the natural cosmic ray muon radiation, muon transmission radiography represents an appropriate non-invasive methodology for imaging large high-density structures such as blast furnaces, whose linear size can be up to a few tens of meters. A state-of-the-art muon tracking system, whose design profits from the long experience of our collaboration in this field, is currently under development and will be installed in 2022 at a blast furnace on the ArcelorMittal site in Bremen (Germany) for many months. Collected data will be exploited to monitor temporal variations of the average density distribution inside the furnace. Muon radiography results will also be compared with measurements obtained through an enhanced multipoint probe and standard blast furnace models.

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

5

Bernasowski, M., A. Klimczyk e R. Stachura. "Support algorithm for blast furnace operation with optimal fuel consumption". Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Metallurgy 55, n. 1 (2019): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jmmb180206010b.

Testo completo

Abstract (sommario):

Fuel consumption in blast furnaces depends on many factors that are mainly conditioned by the technological level of a given blast furnace, the steel mill in which it operates, and the type and quality of ferrous feed, coke, and additional reducing agents. These are global factors which a furnace crew cannot control during operation. On the other hand, using their own experience and decision-making software, a crew can run a blast furnace with minimal fuel consumption under current batch and process conditions. The paper presents a model-based algorithm for optimizing the operation of blast furnaces to achieve the lowest fuel consumption. The algorithm allows the heat demands to be continuously calculated and highlights any wastage that could be reduced without affecting the stable operation of the blast furnace.

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

6

Ganin, D. R., V. G. Druzhkov, A. A. Panychev e A. Yu Fuks. "Analysis of indices and operation improvement conditions of JSC “Ural Steel” blast furnace shop". Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information, n. 12 (19 dicembre 2018): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2018-12-46-54.

Testo completo

Abstract (sommario):

For elaborating of measures to improve the blast furnace technology, it is necessary to analyze production data related to blast furnaces operation. Estimation of technical level of blast furnace production in conditions of JSC “Ural Steel” was the aim of the study. Data on chemical composition of casted iron produced and burden materials quoted, as well as data on iron ore materials consumption, sinter grain-size distribution, pellets chemical composition and strength characteristics, coke mechanical strength and grain-size distribution. Results of analysis presented of production operation indices of Nos 1–4 blast furnaces within a five years period, the furnaces having net volumes 1007, 1033, 1513 and 2002 m3 correspondently. Periods of non-stable furnaces operation with long stops and repairs were excluded from the analyzed data. It was determined that iron and manganese oxide contents in the sinter are presented at lower level comparing with most of sintering plants of European Communities and Japan. Fine fraction less 5 mm content is considerably higher than the index for sinter, produced at other sintering plants of Russia, as well as of developed nations. Laboratory study and experimental-industrial tests at JSC “Ural Steel” confirm reasonability of the following mineral additives utilization in sintering process, delivered into the sintering burden by sludge: brown iron ore, bentonite clay, serpentinite-magnesites, that enables to increase suitable sinter yield, productivity of sintering machines, sinter impact strength. A necessity to optimize blast furnace slags chemical composition by relation SiO2/Al2O3 and CaO/MgO determined to improve scull formation conditions and elimination of coolers mass burning-through. To improve the technical and economic indices of JSC “Ural Steel blast furnaces operation some measures on the plant blast furnace technology modification proposed.

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

7

Spirin, Nikolay, Oleg Onorin e Alexander Istomin. "Prediction of Blast Furnace Thermal State in Real-Time Operation". Solid State Phenomena 299 (gennaio 2020): 518–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.299.518.

Testo completo

Abstract (sommario):

The paper gives a general description of the dynamic model of the blast-furnace process that enables to calculate transition processes of the blast furnace thermal state, evaluated by the content of silicon in hot metal. It provides calculation results of the transition processes to be subjected to changes in control actions: ore load from the top and oxygen concentration in blast, natural gas flow rate and hot blast temperature from the bottom. Specific features of these transition processes during blast-furnace smelting are analyzed. The paper shows that the dynamic characteristics of blast furnaces change are subjected to control actions and depend significantly on properties of melted raw materials and operating parameters of blast furnaces. The oscillatory transition process in the blast furnace is observed in the case after disturbance it has an opposite influence on the thermal state of the lower and uppers stages of heat exchange. The paper presents prediction results of the silicon content in hot metal. It gives practical recommendations for selection of control actions.

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

8

Spirin, N. A., A. A. Polinov`, A. V. Pavlov, O. P. Onorin e G. N. Logachev. "Environmental and Technological Aspects of Converter Slag Utilization in Sintering and Blast-Furnace Production". KnE Materials Science 2, n. 2 (3 settembre 2017): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/kms.v2i2.941.

Testo completo

Abstract (sommario):

The paper presents calculation results for predictive conditions of blast furnace operation with the use of converter slag in the iron ore portion of the blast furnace burden. It shows that addition of converter slag in the sinter and blast-furnace burden without correction of the operating conditions is not reasonable as it significantly worsens parameters of blast furnace operation. Long-term operation of blast furnaces with addition of converter slag in the burden will be accompanied by gradual accumulation of phosphorus in metal and will lead to increasing problems regarding phosphorus removal at the converter production stage. The use of converter slag makes it possible to increase the consumption of non-fluxed pellets without changing the sinter basicity and improve parameters of blast-furnace smelting. The problem of efficient and continuous use of converter slag in blast furnaces can be solved by the complex analysis of this problem: evaluation of economic feasibility of its use as a fluxing agent; feasibility study of this issue for the “blast-furnace production – converter production” complex; analysis of environmental problems during operation at the factory and in the region.

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

9

Alkatsev, V. M., A. L. Rutkovsky e A. K. Makoeva. "Mathematical modeling of zinc concentrate roasting in a fluidized bed". iPolytech Journal 26, n. 4 (2 gennaio 2023): 669–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.21285/1814-3520-2022-4-669-676.

Testo completo

Abstract (sommario):

The paper aims to stabilize the roasting of zinc sulfide concentrates in fluidized-bed furnaces using oxygen- enriched air. The balance between the given excess air blast (on average 20%) and the amount of loaded charge is achieved by selecting an appropriate number of evaporative cooling elements in the fluidized-bed furnace. Through the evaluation of scientific and technical information, as well as literature sources on the research topic, data were collected on the effects produced by an oxygen excess in the blast on the quality of sulfide concentrate roasting and by a blast volume on the state of the fluidized bed. In addition, statistical data for the study were obtained by analyzing the operation of fluidized-bed furnaces at Electrozinc. As part of the study, the heat balance in roasting was determined, taking into account the following technical characteristics of fluidized-bed furnaces used for roasting zinc sulfide concentrates: fluidized- bed level, number of nozzles, furnace diameter, diameter in the bed zone, hearth thickness, and the total weight of the furnace. Relying on the operation analysis of fluidized-bed furnaces, a method was proposed to regulate the oxygen supply depending on the amount of loaded charge. The oxygen supply is regulated in order to ensure a stable excess of oxygen in the blast without causing any significant changes in the blast volume and, consequently, to maximize the sulfur removal from the charge. A decrease in the excess air blast below 15% was found to significantly degrade the quality of the resulting cinder and dust, while an increase of over 20% reduced the SO2 content in the exhaust gases with no noticeable improvement in the quality of cinder. Therefore, the proposed method for regulating the oxygen supply to the furnace can improve the techno-economic performance of zinc sulfide concentrate roasting in fluidized-bed furnaces.

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

10

Lan, Chenchen, Yuejun Hao, Jiannan Shao, Shuhui Zhang, Ran Liu e Qing Lyu. "Effect of H2 on Blast Furnace Ironmaking: A Review". Metals 12, n. 11 (1 novembre 2022): 1864. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12111864.

Testo completo

Abstract (sommario):

Under the background of “carbon peaking” and “carbon neutralization”, the green transformation of iron and steel enterprises is imminent. The hydrogen-rich smelting technology of blast furnaces is very important for reducing energy consumption and CO2 emission in ironmaking systems, and it is one of the important directions of green and low-carbon development of iron and steel enterprises. In this paper, the research status of the thermal state, reduction mechanism of iron-bearing burden, coke degradation behavior, and formation of the cohesive zone in various areas of blast furnace after hydrogen-rich smelting is summarized, which can make a more clear and comprehensive understanding for the effect of H2 on blast furnace ironmaking. Meanwhile, based on the current research situation, it is proposed that the following aspects should be further studied in the hydrogen-rich smelting of blast furnaces: (1) the utilization rate of hydrogen and degree of substitution for direct reduction, (2) combustion behavior of fuel in raceway, (3) control of gas flow distribution in the blast furnace, (4) operation optimization of the blast furnace.

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

11

Xu, Shan Hua, Xin Long Yang, Jian Li, Bin Shi e Bin Qiu. "The Elastic Analysis of Finite Element to the Shell of Blast Furnace under Thermal - Structural Coupling". Advanced Materials Research 368-373 (ottobre 2011): 1495–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.368-373.1495.

Testo completo

Abstract (sommario):

Stress distribution of blast furnace shell is important to the security of structural system. According to real loads of blast furnace and temperature loads, this paper carries on the analysis of elastic finite element to a blast furnaces utilizing the software ANSYS. The result shows that most areas of the blast furnace are in elastic state, and only a few around holes are in plasticity state as the result of stress concentration; temperature loads have great influence over the structure stress and displacement. We obtain the stress distribution of blast furnace that is useful in the design of subsequent blast furnace.

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

12

Nedelin, S. V. "Prospects of steel industry development accounting ecological restrictions". Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information 77, n. 8 (21 ottobre 2021): 936–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2021-8-936-942.

Testo completo

Abstract (sommario):

Discussion of many years on consequences of man’s activity effect on environment at present moved to a practical aspect. New ecological and economical limits dictate a necessity to reduce the carbon intensity of metallurgical processes. It was noted that the technological couple “blast furnace – basic oxygen furnace” is a basic method of steel production, based on utilization of coke as a fuel and reducing component. Distribution of metallurgical capacities by types of fuel used shown, which confirms application of carbon-containing fuel-reducing additions in overwhelming majority of technological processes of iron production. Data on projects reducing carbon intensity of metallurgical industry presented, most of which aimed at changing the technology of BF process. Experience of steel industry of Japan on perfection machinery and technology of BF production considered, which enabled to reduce total consumption of reducing agents down to figure less down to 450 kg/t of hot metal, which is the best index among countries of the world. It was shown that increase of a blast furnace volume results in change of BF process technology. Such an increase also results in decrease of carbon consumption – blast furnaces of large volume have lower specific consumption of fuel and reducing agent. The specific coke rate in blast furnaces of large volume is by 71 kg/t of hot metal less comparing with blast furnaces having volume less 1000 m3, and the total fuel consumption in large blast furnaces is by 51 kg/t of hot metal lower. Accounting necessity to decrease the carbon footprint in steel products, basic ways of steel industry technologies development can be enlargement of facilities with shutdown of small and not effective capacities, changing sinter and BF charges structure with increase of more qualitative raw materials and pellets, application of alternative kinds of fuel and reducing additions.

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

13

Filatov, S. V., A. I. Dagman e V. N. Titov. "Energy efficient technology of hot metal smelting at PAO NLMK". Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information 75, n. 1 (2 febbraio 2019): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2019-1-32-36.

Testo completo

Abstract (sommario):

Decrease of energy expenditure for hot metal smelting is an actual task in blast furnace technology perfection. Under conditions of PAO NLMK regimes with maximum forcing of the BF process at the expense of pressure increase under furnace mouth and coke hot strength increase were chosen as one of priority ways to increase the BF operation energy efficiency. Data on blast furnaces productivity, specific coke rate, quantity of blow-in oxygen and fuel at different gas pressure levels under the furnace mouth quoted. A dependence between pulverized coal rate and total carbon consumption determined. It was shown, that application in PAO NLMK blast furnaces of coke having hot strength of 60–65% at maximum possible pressure under the furnace mouth and application of pulverized-coal fuel enabled in the period from 2012 through 2018 to decrease the coke rate by more than 100 kg. Also the total carbon consumption decreased by more than 30 kg per hot metal ton and to increase smelting products chemical composition stability.

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

14

Manda, A. "Turbocompressor for blast furnaces". Metallurgist 50, n. 7-8 (luglio 2006): 389–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11015-006-0094-6.

Testo completo

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

15

Togobitskaya, D. N., A. I. Belkova, D. A. Stepanenko, N. A. Tsyupa e Yu M. Likhachev. "Prediction of the properties of blast furnace slag in modern conditions of blast furnaces of Ukraine". Fundamental and applied problems of ferrous metallurgy, n. 32 (2018): 118–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.52150/2522-9117-2018-32-118-135.

Testo completo

Abstract (sommario):

The aim of the work is the development of models for predicting the properties of final blast-furnace slags for the rapid assessment of the slag regime and the development of sound management recommendations when using various additives in the operating conditions of blast furnaces in Ukraine. A two-stage approach to calculating the properties of blast-furnace slag is proposed: according to the model of a “homogeneous” melt and taking into account its heterogeneity. A predictive model has been developed for calculating the viscosity of a «homogeneous» slag by including the integral parameter of the slag melt parameter e in the model structure, which takes into account the individual effect on the viscosity of each component of the slag composition. The current production data of the chemical composition of the final slag shows the effect of the magnesia content, alkaline compounds, basicity, Al2O3/MgO ratio on the calculated viscosity of the slags. For various operating conditions of blast furnaces, it has been shown that, due to incomplete combustion of coke and pulverized coal, the viscosity of slags increases by 1.5–2 times and their melting temperatures by 30–500C. Comparative analysis of the calculated properties of slag for different operating conditions of 3 furnaces in Ukraine confirms the appropriateness of using a complex of predictive models for the rapid assessment of the technological properties of slag, which makes it possible to choose a rational slag mode in modern conditions of blast smelting.

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

16

Kassim, D. A., A. K. Tarakanov, V. P. Lyalyuk, P. I. Otorvin e A. A. Gusev. "Влияние качества агломерата и кокса на технико-экономические показатели доменной плавки". Metallurgicheskaya i gornorudnaya promyshlennost, №4, 2018, n. 4 (agosto 2018): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33101/s004-0244074.

Testo completo

Abstract (sommario):

Purpose: Compare the results of blast furnace smelting efficiency, when chang-ing the qualitative characteristics of the sinter and coke, and the calculated param-eters of the blowing regime of melting. Methodology: Analysis of technical and economic performance of blast furnaces during periods of work on the agglomerate with different metallurgical characteris-tics and different diameter of the tuyeres. Findings: The experience of blast furnaces with a volume of 2,700 and 2,000 m3 confirmed a known fact of the dependence of furnace efficiency and coke consump-tion not only through the quality of charge materials, but also through the distribu-tion of the gas flow along the furnace section. Originality: The technological analysis of the results of the operation of blast furnaces with the volume of 2700 and 2000 m3 with a change of the quality of the sinter and pellets in combination with the change of the blowing regime parame-ters was performed. On the basis of the performed analysis, it was confirmed the expediency of increasing the gas permeability of the charge by improving the quali-ty of the raw materials while increasing the total mechanical energy of the com-bined gas-blast and hearth-gas, which are responsible for the length of the com-bustion zone and the depth of penetration of the gas flow to the center of the blast furnace. Practical value: Alternation of tuyeres of different diameters along with the im-provement of the quality characteristics of charge materials, additionally contrib-utes to the enhancement of the positive effect due to the expansion of the combus-tion zones in the furnace hearth. And if in this case the total mechanical energy of the mountain gas rises and the depth of penetration of the furnace gas to the fur-nace axis increases, the effect of using high-quality raw materials can be maxim-ized. Keywords: agglomerate, coke, blowing, tuyeres, gas permeability, quality, total energy.

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

17

Spirin, N. A., O. P. Onorin, A. S. Istomin e I. A. Gurin. "Study of transient processes in a blast furnace based on the heat exchange scheme analysis". Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information 76, n. 2 (19 marzo 2020): 132–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2020-2-132-138.

Testo completo

Abstract (sommario):

A blast furnace is a complicated metallurgical facility, which is characterized by considerable delay and inertia in the flow of heat and mass exchange. Therefore, the analysis of transient processes based on modern ideas about heat transfer is an important issue in solving technological problems of blast furnace smelting managing. A two-stage heat transfer scheme along the height of a blast furnace of modern technology presented. When studying the thermal state of a blast furnace as a control object, it is advisable to divide it into two thermal zones - the upper zone and the lower zone. The border between the zones is located in the upper part of the mixed reduction region, between the start level of coke carbon gasification and the horizon below which iron oxides are directly reduced. It was shown, that the upper and lower thermal zones have fundamental differences in heat exchange conditions and are interconnected through the index of iron direct reduction degree. The transient processes of silicon variation in the hot metal studied at variation of iron ore load, natural gas flow rate, temperature and humidity of the hot blast, oxygen content in the hot blast and slag basicity. It was shown that the oscillatory transition process is observed in case, after applying the perturbation, it will have the opposite effect on the thermal conditions of the lower and the upper stages of heat exchange in the blast furnace. The iron ore load, hot blast humidity and slag basicity were found to be the most predictable input parameters affecting the concentration of silicon in hot metal. Change in oxygen concentration in hot blast and natural gas consumption have an alternating character of influence on thermal conditions of the blast-furnace hearth. At that, the characteristics of the transient processes of blast furnaces through various channels of action vary and depend significantly on the properties of the smelted raw materials, design and operational parameters of the furnaces

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

18

Gertsyk, S. I., e I. V. Belyakov. "EFFECT OF AIR HEATING ON CONCENTRATION OF NITROGEN OXIDES IN COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF GASEOUS FUELS". Electrical Metallurgy, n. 10 (2020): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31044/1684-5781-2020-0-10-35-40.

Testo completo

Abstract (sommario):

The formation probability of nitrogen oxides in combustion products of mixed blast-furnace and natural gases under different conditions of combustion was calculated. It has been found out that heating the air incoming into burners of high-temperature blast-furnaces sharply increases concentration of nitrogen oxides in combustion products (by 1.5-1.75 times). It was notices that in furnaces where temperature was less than 950-1000 °С, heating the air up to 400 °С increased NOx content in gases released to the atmosphere no more than by 20-23%, and oxide concentration was in limits of sanitary standards.

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

19

Kurunov, I. F., e S. V. Filatov. "Evaluating the Efficiency of Blast Furnaces and the Prospects of Blast-Furnace Smelting". Metallurgist 58, n. 5-6 (settembre 2014): 372–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11015-014-9918-y.

Testo completo

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

20

Shirshov, M. Yu, e V. G. Druzhkov. "Improving the automatic blast distribution in blast furnaces". Steel in Translation 45, n. 1 (gennaio 2015): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0967091215010131.

Testo completo

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

21

Tudor, Mihai Dumitru, Mircea Hritac, Nicolae Constantin, Mihai Butu, Valeriu Rucai e Cristian Dobrescu. "Experimental Research on the Qualitative Characteristics of Iron Ores and Ferrous Waste That Can Be Used in Blast Furnace Mixt Injection Technology". Revista de Chimie 70, n. 11 (15 dicembre 2019): 3835–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.19.11.7655.

Testo completo

Abstract (sommario):

Direct use of iron ores in blast furnaces, without prior sintering leads to a reduction in production costs and energy consumption [1,2]. Fine-grained iron ores and iron oxides from ferrous wastes can be used together with coal dust and limestone in mixed injection technology through the furnace tuyeres. In this paper are presented the results of experimental laboratory investigations for establishing the physic-chemical characteristics of fine materials (iron ore, limestone, pulverized coal) susceptible to be used for mixed injection in blast furnace. [1,4]. The results of the experimental research have shown that all the raw materials analyzed can be used for mixt injection in blast furnace.

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

22

Tudor, Mihai Dumitru, Mircea Hritac, Nicolae Constantin, Mihai Butu, Valeriu Rucai e Cristian Dobrescu. "Experimental Research on the Qualitative Characteristics of Iron Ores and Ferrous Waste That Can Be Used in Blast Furnace Mixt Injection Technology". Revista de Chimie 70, n. 11 (15 dicembre 2019): 3835–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.70.19.11.7655.

Testo completo

Abstract (sommario):

Direct use of iron ores in blast furnaces, without prior sintering leads to a reduction in production costs and energy consumption [1,2]. Fine-grained iron ores and iron oxides from ferrous wastes can be used together with coal dust and limestone in mixed injection technology through the furnace tuyeres. In this paper are presented the results of experimental laboratory investigations for establishing the physic-chemical characteristics of fine materials (iron ore, limestone, pulverized coal) susceptible to be used for mixed injection in blast furnace. [1,4]. The results of the experimental research have shown that all the raw materials analyzed can be used for mixt injection in blast furnace.

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

23

Ge, Yao, Ying Li, Han Wei, Hao Nie, Weitian Ding, Yi Cao e Yaowei Yu. "A Novel Approach for Measuring the Thickness of Refractory of Metallurgical Vessels". Materials 13, n. 24 (10 dicembre 2020): 5645. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13245645.

Testo completo

Abstract (sommario):

The advancement of metallurgical vessels, such as blast furnaces, shaft furnaces, and torpedo ladles, can be better controlled and expanded for a greater lifespan if the thickness of the refractory lining wear is known and predicted. In the past, various methods including radioactive tracers, infrared (IR) thermography, electromagnetic waves, ultrasonic tomography, and temperature field have been tested to determine the thickness of the refractory wall. However, for various reasons, these methods have failed to be effective. This paper presents a novel method—electromotive force (EMF)—for predicting the thickness of refractory lining wear in vessels, including a small-scale vessel in the laboratory, an industrial torpedo ladle, and in the two refining hearths of blast furnaces. The experimental results show that the magnitude of the EMF signal increases with a decrease in wall thickness. Prediction values of the refractory wall thickness are consistent with measured ones. The relative error of EMF measurement for the torpedo ladle is around 6.8%. The EMF measurement of blast furnace hearths is quite accurate, and the relative error is less than 11%.

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

24

Dmitriev, A. N., Yu A. Chesnokov e G. Yu Arzhadeeva. "The Coke and Iron Ore Materials Kinetic Characteristics and Quantitative Indicators of Blast Furnace Process". Defect and Diffusion Forum 322 (marzo 2012): 87–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.322.87.

Testo completo

Abstract (sommario):

The most important problem at the blast furnace process developing is the great coke consumption decreasing at the minimization of the general energy costs. One of the most effective ways of iron-making technical progress is the iron ore materials and coke physicochemical properties improvement which allows to increase the iron productivity and decrease the specific coke rate without construction of new blast furnaces and concentrating mills. Some of the quality indicators of iron ore raw materials and coke and their influence on the main parameters of a blast furnace smelting are considered in the paper.

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

25

Bailera, Manuel, Takao Nakagaki e Ryoma Kataoka. "Revisiting the Rist diagram for predicting operating conditions in blast furnaces with multiple injections". Open Research Europe 1 (29 novembre 2021): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.14275.1.

Testo completo

Abstract (sommario):

Background: The Rist diagram is useful for predicting changes in blast furnaces when the operating conditions are modified. In this paper, we revisit this methodology to provide a general model with additions and corrections. The reason for this is to study a new concept proposal that combines oxygen blast furnaces with Power to Gas technology. The latter produces synthetic methane by using renewable electricity and CO2 to partly replace the fossil input in the blast furnace. Carbon is thus continuously recycled in a closed loop and geological storage is avoided. Methods: The new model is validated with three data sets corresponding to (1) an air-blown blast furnace without auxiliary injections, (2) an air-blown blast furnace with pulverized coal injection and (3) an oxygen blast furnace with top gas recycling and pulverized coal injection. The error is below 8% in all cases. Results: Assuming a 280 tHM/h oxygen blast furnace that produces 1154 kgCO2/tHM, we can reduce the CO2 emissions between 6.1% and 7.4% by coupling a 150 MW Power to Gas plant. This produces 21.8 kg/tHM of synthetic methane that replaces 22.8 kg/tHM of coke or 30.2 kg/tHM of coal. The gross energy penalization of the CO2 avoidance is 27.1 MJ/kgCO2 when coke is replaced and 22.4 MJ/kgCO2 when coal is replaced. Considering the energy content of the saved fossil fuel, and the electricity no longer consumed in the air separation unit thanks to the O2 coming from the electrolyzer, the net energy penalizations are 23.1 MJ/kgCO2 and 17.9 MJ/kgCO2, respectively. Discussion: The proposed integration has energy penalizations greater than conventional amine carbon capture (typically 3.7 – 4.8 MJ/kgCO2), but in return it could reduce the economic costs thanks to diminishing the coke/coal consumption, reducing the electricity consumption in the air separation unit, and eliminating the requirement of geological storage.

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

26

Perepelitsyn, V. A., K. G. Zemlyanoy, K. V. Mironov, A. A. Forshev, F. P. Nikolaev e D. V. Sushnikov. "Mineralogy and microstructure of skull varieties in blast furnace № 6 JSC EVRAZ NTMK". NOVYE OGNEUPORY (NEW REFRACTORIES), n. 7 (18 settembre 2020): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/1683-4518-2020-7-11-20.

Testo completo

Abstract (sommario):

The results of a comprehensive study of the material composition and microstructure of 20 skull samples taken after blowing out blast furnace № 6 of EVRAZ NTMK JSC are presented. More than 30 minerals and metal phases of different chemical classes were diagnosed in the samples of the skull. Unlike the skull of blast furnaces of other metallurgical plants (NLMK, ZSMK), the skull of NTMK blast furnaces has an abnormally high content of titanium, zinc, vanadium compounds, as well as heavy non-ferrous metals and sulfur. On the basis of a detailed petrographic analysis, 5 structural and genetic types (varieties in composition and origin) of the garnice were identified. The varieties of the garnish contain a large amount of grenal, which is dominated by refractory compounds of titanium and vanadium carbonitrides of the general formula (Ti, V) (C, N).

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

27

Naboka, V. I., G. A. Polyanskii, A. P. Fomenko e N. V. Krutas. "Dynamic properties of blast furnaces". Steel in Translation 38, n. 10 (ottobre 2008): 833–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0967091208100100.

Testo completo

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

28

Donskov, E. G., V. P. Lyalyuk e A. D. Donskov. "Gas behavior in blast furnaces". Steel in Translation 44, n. 3 (marzo 2014): 209–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0967091214030048.

Testo completo

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

29

Mul'ko, G. N., A. A. Bondar', V. A. Zaitsev, E. A. Nitskii e E. G. Cherkasov. "Making ferromanganese in blast furnaces". Metallurgist 44, n. 2 (febbraio 2000): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02463528.

Testo completo

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

30

Fedoruk, R. M., N. V. Pitak, �. L. Karyakina, T. P. Khmelenko, V. S. Baksheeva, V. B. Kulakov, V. A. Khreshchenyuk, I. P. Konnov, V. I. Koroteeva e N. I. Al'nikova. "Refractories for lining blast furnaces". Refractories 26, n. 5-6 (maggio 1985): 238–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01539585.

Testo completo

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

31

Al-Hussein, H., e Ya Hudak. "Metal structures of blast furnaces". Metallurgist 50, n. 7-8 (luglio 2006): 384–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11015-006-0093-7.

Testo completo

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

32

Kurunov, I. F., e O. G. Bol’shakova. "Briquets for washing blast furnaces". Metallurgist 51, n. 5-6 (maggio 2007): 253–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11015-007-0048-7.

Testo completo

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

33

Gorodetskii, Ya I., V. D. Osipenko, V. P. Milevskii e A. A. Shinkarenko. "Evaporative cooling of blast furnaces". Metallurgist 30, n. 5 (maggio 1986): 144–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00741074.

Testo completo

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

34

Tunckaya, Yasin. "Performance assessment of permeability index prediction in an ironmaking process via soft computing techniques". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering 231, n. 6 (7 giugno 2016): 1101–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954408916654199.

Testo completo

Abstract (sommario):

Permeability index is a crucial productivity indicator of the lower zone in blast furnaces to maintain the operation, energy consumption, and hot liquid metal production rates during the ironmaking process. Blast furnace operation parameters such as coke-to-ore ratio, wall pressures and temperatures, flame temperature, top gas pressure, temperature and composition, hot blast pressure and temperature, sounding levels, etc. and also the level of hot liquid metal and slag in the bottom of furnace, influence the permeability phenomenon directly. Hence, fluctuations and instantenous variations of permeability index parameter should be avoided by controlling inadequate drainage cycles and operational factors to achieve more efficient and stable operation in the furnaces. In this study, permeability index parameter of the Erdemir Blast Furnace #1, located in Turkey, is modeled and experimental computing work is carried out to assess the operation performance of the furnace, depending on selected input parameters. The demanding artificial intelligence and soft computing techniques, artificial neural networks and adaptive neural fuzzy inference system, and a well-known statistical tool, autoregressive integrated moving average model are executed throughout the study using previous furnace data, received during one day of operation. Selected performance measures, coefficient of determination ( R2) and root mean squared error, are used to compare the forecasting accuracy of proposed models. Consequently, the most satisfactory forecasting model of the study, adaptive neural fuzzy inference system, is proposed to be integrated into the plant control system as an expert modeler.

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

35

Chesnokov, Yu A., L. A. Marshuk, I. N. Tanutrov e M. N. Sviridova. "Analysis of technical and economic indicators of the pyrometallurgical scheme co-processing of red mud and scale". Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information 76, n. 1 (7 febbraio 2020): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2020-1-68-73.

Testo completo

Abstract (sommario):

Elaboration and implementation of effective technologies of utilization of alumina production wastes (red mud) is a rather actual task. Various variants of red mud and oiled rolling scale agglomeration considered aimed at their utilization at sinter and blast furnace plants to obtain conditional marketable cast iron. As the object of the study, red mud of OJSC RUSAL and oiled rolling scale of Sinarsky pipe manufacturing plant were used. It was shown, that their joint processing enables to obtain an agglomerated product having iron content more than 50%, which meets the modern requirements to the burden materials for blast furnaces. To determine the optimal scheme of the processing in the blast furnaces, various variants of studied materials agglomeration were calculated – an oxidizing roasting to obtain pellets and briquetting with application of burnt lime as a binder. The components interrelation in the mixture was selected to have iron content in the agglomerated product high enough at maximal possible volume of red mud utilization. The calculation analysis showed that interrelation 50% of red mud and 50% of oiled rolling scale meet the requirement. Calculated blast furnace heat indicators presented while applying briquettes and pellets from red mud and oiled rolling scale in the burden.

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

36

Tkachenko, Mariia. "FEATURES OF INDUSTRIAL PROSE IN UKRAINIAN SOVIET LITERATURE: THE SHORT STORY “BLAST FURNACES” BY DMYTRO BUZKO". Слово і Час, n. 6 (2 dicembre 2021): 66–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.33608/0236-1477.2021.06.66-81.

Testo completo

Abstract (sommario):

The paper highlights the features of ‘industrial’ prose in the Ukrainian Soviet literature of the 1930s clarifying the main formal and semantic characteristics of “industrial” genres, their reception in criticism, and such characteristics of this genre as style, plot, figurative and thematic principles. Based on D. Buzko’s text “Blast Furnaces”, the paper shows the transitional period between the free avant-garde artistic movement in Ukraine of the 1920s and the implementation of socialist realism as the only official style in Soviet art in the 1930s. As a representative of the futurist movement, deeply engaged in the elaboration of early cinema theories, Dmytro Byzko wrote a novel “Holiandiia”, which deconstructed official narratives and topics of the late 1920s. The comparison of the “Blast furnaces” with this novel helps not only to see the mentioned transition but also to notice the divergence of the “Blast furnaces” and more canonical pieces of this genre. Dmytro Buzko’s “Blast furnaces” extremely accurately reflects the expectations from literature at that time: the heroes explain the main stages of work at the metallurgical plant, and by their example, in words and deeds, agitate readers to become conscious builders of socialism. Although a large number of similar techniques, ideas, and even views of the author can be found in “Holiandiia” and “Blast furnaces”, the first novel is a sharp critique of the contemporary reality, while “Blast furnaces” is a text complementary to reality. The analysis of “Blast furnaces” shows the process of the search for an ideal and canonical protagonist as well as an antagonist for the Soviet literature. The last one in this text is represented by the typical for the whole Ukrainian literature covetous farmer who, in a new political reality, plays a role of a small evil ready to harm ordinary workers and socialistic future.

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

37

Cuervo-Piñera, Víctor, Diego Cifrián-Riesgo, Phuc-Danh Nguyen, Valerio Battaglia, Massimiliano Fantuzzi, Alessandro Della Rocca, Marco Ageno et al. "Blast Furnace Gas Based Combustion Systems in Steel Reheating Furnaces". Energy Procedia 120 (agosto 2017): 357–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.07.215.

Testo completo

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

38

Muwanguzi, Abraham J. B., Andrey V. Karasev, Joseph K. Byaruhanga e Pär G. Jönsson. "Characterisation of the Physical and Metallurgical Properties of Natural Iron Ore for Iron Production". ISRN Materials Science 2012 (8 agosto 2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/147420.

Testo completo

Abstract (sommario):

The blast furnace is still the dominant form of iron production, but over the years, direct reduction methods have increased due to a number of reasons. Overall, iron production methods have optimal requirements with respect to the feed materials especially iron ore. In this study, tests were carried out on Muko iron ore from Uganda to analyse its suitability to meet the feed requirements of today's dominant iron production methods. More specifically, the Tumbler, Abrasion, and Shatter Indices of the ore were determined. In addition, porosity, thermoanalysis, and reducibility tests were performed. Overall, the Muko ore was found to have good mechanical properties exemplified with tumble and shatter index data >89.0 wt% and <2.5 wt%, respectively. Furthermore, its reducibility at 0.87%/min is within the acceptable range as a natural material feed for blast furnace and direct reduction furnaces. Also, the energy requirement for heating the ore to 1100°C was found to be higher in the samples containing a wider size range of irregular grains and the largest contaminations. In summary, it is concluded that the Muko iron ore has good physical and metallurgical properties to serve as a natural material for the blast furnace and direct reduction furnaces.

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

39

Sofian, Harry Octavianus. "Development of Technology Ferrous Metal Melting Furnace Ancient Times in Indonesia". KALPATARU 30, n. 2 (30 novembre 2021): 141–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.24832/kpt.v30i2.863.

Testo completo

Abstract (sommario):

Abstract. Technological knowledge of the use of metals is inseparable from human knowledge in the processing pyrotechnics of fire as a power in high temperature processes for producing objects. The fire is used for smelting and casting in melting furnaces. Metal smelting furnace is a heat production device, which is used to purify the metal, in this case iron. This paper aims to determine the development of ferrous metal smelting furnace technology in Indonesia with the library research method from the results of previous studies. Based on the results of the analysis, there are four technologies for smelting iron, namely pit kiln, bloomery furnace, blast furnace, and induction furnace. Of the four technologies, three are in use in Indonesia, namely bloomery furnace, blast furnace, and induction furnace.

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

40

Dmitriev, Andrey N., Yu A. Chesnokov, K. Chen, O. Yu Ivanov e M. O. Zolotykh. "New Monitoring System of Firebrick Lining Deterioration of Blast Furnace Devil in Metallurgical Plants of China". Advanced Materials Research 834-836 (ottobre 2013): 939–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.834-836.939.

Testo completo

Abstract (sommario):

The mathematical description and the computer program Devil Erosion of calculation the two-dimensional temperature fields in any vertical and horizontal section of the blast furnace hearth are developed. Calculation is carry out the decision of the equations of heat conductivity with use of indications of the big number of sensing transducers of temperature (to 1000), built in the furnaces firebrick lining between the firebrick blocks. The continuous control of the temperature change in each point allows to define the remained thickness the firebrick lining and to warn, in case of need, the furnace personnel about the beginning of the firebrick lining erosion. The continuous control of change of temperature in the firebrick lining is made on the basis of mathematical model. The system of collecting, processing and transfer information from sensing transducers of temperature or thermal streams in a program database Devil Erosion is used. Programs are installed on blast furnaces of Chinese National Republic: Jinan, Jiyuan and Liuzhou Iron and Steel Works.

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

41

Semenov, Yu S., A. L. Podkorytov, V. V. Gorupakha, I. Yu Semion, A. Yu Orobtsev e E. I. Shumel’chik. "Еfficiency increase of powdered coal application at hot metal production and limestone calcination under unstable technology conditions". Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information 76, n. 7 (11 agosto 2020): 676–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2020-7-676-690.

Testo completo

Abstract (sommario):

Operation of Ukraine ferrous metallurgy under conditions of dependence on import and instability of energy carriers supply, shortage of investments in modernization of production equipment, make the matter of cooperation between steel-works and research organization particularly actual. Basic results of cooperation between Z.I. Nekrasov Institute of Ferrous metallurgy, NAN of Ukraine and Dnepr steel-works in 2017–2019 on blast sfurnace operation pefection and technology of powdered coal injection into rotating limestone calcination furnaces. Results of the finding of the powdered coal optimal consumption shown, which ensure a high efficiency of the coke substitution, reaching of maximum possible blast furnace productivity as well as satisfactory utilization degree of the reducing gas ability. Results of implementation of a complex of measures presented, which ensure a rational distribution of the powdered coal by BF air tuyeres for making the heat conditions of the tuyere zone even by the blast furnace circle. Efficiency of application of technology of joint injection the powdered coal and natural gas was shown, which is achieved by improving the powdered coal combustion conditions in case of increase their mixing degree. Recommendations quoted for blast furnaces starting-up after their idling for a period exceeding the permissible one, without tapping the plug hot metal. The recommendations ensure an accident-free putting a blast furnace into operation followed by reaching planned parameters. Results of usage sensors information, measuring temperature of gas flow above the charge surface presented. The results allow to prove the correction of blast furnace charging mode by an expert module, generating correction impact to support control actions by technological personal. A complex of measures formed to prevent a disturbance of a blast furnace running in case of powdered coal injection in an amount exceeding 140 kg/t of hot metal and without application of special washover materials. The results of efficiency of the mastered technology, envisaging application manganese-bearing materials at a constant base, were shown. Results of diagnostics of workability of the facility for powdered coal injection into rotating limestone calcinating furnace presented, followed by elaboration recommendation on correction parameters of injection facility operation.

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

42

Dmitriev, Andrey N., Maxim O. Zolotykh, Yury A. Chesnokov, Oleg Yu Ivanov e Galina Yu Vitkina. "The Determination of Thermocouples Optimum Number in the Blast Furnace Hearth for Control of its Condition". Applied Mechanics and Materials 741 (marzo 2015): 302–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.741.302.

Testo completo

Abstract (sommario):

The algorithm of a sensors arrangement in the blast furnace laying taking into account classification and the indications analysis of doubtful temperature sensors in 5 blast furnaces of the People's Republic of China is developed. When developing algorithm the adaptation of an arrangement of temperature-sensitive elements in a laying to the developed mathematical model of a laying heat [1, 2] for the purpose of minimization of their quantity and increase in reliability of indications at the expense of increase of density of their arrangement in the most dangerous zones of a laying and an exception of superfluous sensors in the zones being characterized by low degree of wear. The scheme of an arrangement of thermocouples for the blast furnace in volume of 5100 m3 is offered.

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

43

Kumar, Upendra, Avinash Patidar e Bhupendra Koshti. "A Comprehensive Review on Blast Furnace". SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJOSCIENCE 4, n. 11 (10 novembre 2018): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijoscience.v4i11.171.

Testo completo

Abstract (sommario):

The design and control of blast furnace (BF) ironmaking must be optimized in order to be competitive and sustainable, particularly under the more and more demanding and tough economic and environmental conditions. To achieve this, it is necessary to understand the complex multiphase flow, heat and mass transfer, and global performance of a BF. In this paper injection of alternative reducing agents via lances in the tubers of blast furnaces is discussed to reduce the consumption of metallurgical coke. Besides liquid hydrocarbons and pulverized coal the injection of recycled waste plastics is possible, offering the opportunity to chemically reuse waste material and also utilize the energy contained in such remnants.

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

44

Kazakov, R. A., G. S. Podgorodetskii, Yu S. Yusfin e V. P. Zvolinskii. "Potential methane yields from blast furnaces". Steel in Translation 42, n. 9 (settembre 2012): 669–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0967091212090045.

Testo completo

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

45

Donskov, E. G., V. P. Lyalyuk e A. D. Donskov. "The energy efficiency of blast furnaces". Steel in Translation 45, n. 2 (febbraio 2015): 130–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0967091215020047.

Testo completo

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

46

Muchnik, D. A. "Rational coke preparation for blast furnaces". Coke and Chemistry 53, n. 10 (ottobre 2010): 373–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068364x10100030.

Testo completo

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

47

Castro, Luiz Fernando Andrade de, e Roberto Parreiras Tavares. "Process Control Model for Blast Furnaces". Materials Science Forum 426-432 (agosto 2003): 3831–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.426-432.3831.

Testo completo

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

48

Novokhatskii, A. M., A. O. Diment’ev e A. V. Padalka. "Theoretical Combustion Temperature in Blast Furnaces". Steel in Translation 48, n. 9 (settembre 2018): 593–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0967091218090115.

Testo completo

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

49

Bertling, Heribert. "Coal and Coke for Blast Furnaces." ISIJ International 39, n. 7 (1999): 617–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.39.617.

Testo completo

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

50

Brooks, Kent. "Native iron: Greenland's natural blast furnaces". Geology Today 31, n. 5 (settembre 2015): 176–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gto.12106.

Testo completo

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

Articoli di riviste sul tema "Blast furnaces"

Cita una fonte nei formati APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard e in molti altri stili