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1
Mochida, Kazuki, Nobukatu Nito, Satoshi Fujiwara, Prang Subpa-Asa e Shigeyuki Date. "A Study on the Salt Preventive Properties of Blast Furnace Slag with Different Blaine Values and Curing Condition". Materials Science Forum 1053 (17 febbraio 2022): 338–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-1312is.
Abstract (sommario):
Since sustainable development is becoming incredibly influential, the concrete and cement industries are reducing negative environmental impacts. Previous studies have reported salt damage effects on reinforced concrete structures on various methods to prevent salt damage. The solution is to substitute the raw materials required in cement with industrial by-products from manufacturing steel products, including blast furnace slag (BFS). Since it strengthens the concrete structure, the chloride ion penetration must also be considered. Using BFS with various Blaine values investigated the effect of BFS on blocking resistance and chloride ion penetration. This study focused on delaying the permeation of chloride ions and conducted a study using blast furnace slag. The cement replacing with blast furnace slag improves the salt preventive performance and detoxifies chloride ions. This study examined fluctuations in the blast furnace slag Blaine value affect the salt preventive property by steam curing condition. The result confirmed that the compressive strength increases as the blast furnace slag with a higher Blaine value are used also confirmed that the study improved the salt preventive performance by increasing the addition rate of the blast furnace slag fine powder.
2
Li, Lin Bo, Jun Zhu, Qi Wang e Jun Yang. "Adsorption of Phosphate from Aqueous Solution with Blast Furnace Slag Activated by Hydrated Lime as Sorbent". Materials Science Forum 620-622 (aprile 2009): 643–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.620-622.643.
Abstract (sommario):
This paper describes a method of removing phosphate (P) from aqueous solution by sorbent prepared with amorphous blast furnace slag (BFS) and hydrated lime. An orthogonal experiment was carried out to investigate the factors of hydration time, slurrying temperature and the weight ratio of blast furnace slag /hydrated lime and water/solid on the reactivity of the sorbent. Chemical composition of BFS was analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry, microstructure and phase analysis of samples were conducted by SEM and XRD. It is found that all sorbents prepared show higher P adsorption capacity than single blast furnace slag.
3
Pham Ngoc, Chuc, Nhiem Dao Ngoc, Bac Nguyen Quang, Dung Doan Trung, Chi Nguyen Thi Ha, Lim Duong Thi, Tan Vo Van, Phuong Hoang Thi e Dai Luu Minh. "Using bottom ash from the domestic waste incinerator to make building materials". Vietnam Journal of Catalysis and Adsorption 10, n. 1S (15 ottobre 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.51316/jca.2021.081.
Abstract (sommario):
This paper researched the use of ash from domestic waste incinerators to generate electricity and blast furnace slag for civil construction materials. Due to the presence of heavy metal elements in the ash from the domestic waste incinerator and the blast furnace slag, its use is limited. This study focused on the field of manufacturing adhesive materials based on the ash from the incinerator for power generation and blast furnace slag by activated alkaline solution and investigating the heavy metal migration into the environment. The study showed that the compressive strength of the adhesive from the ash of the electric generating incinerator - blast furnace slag (BFS) activated by alkaline solution had a compressive strength 19.98 MPa when cured at normal conditions. Ash from domestic waste incinerator (DWS) - BFS binder activated alkaline had the ability to fix heavy metals and can be used in construction works.
4
Liu, Chao, Yue Kang, Yuzhu Zhang e Hongwei Xing. "Granulation Effect Analysis of Gas Quenching Blast Furnace Slag with Different Basicities". Coatings 10, n. 4 (9 aprile 2020): 372. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10040372.
Abstract (sommario):
High content amorphous phase blast furnace slag beads were prepared by gas quenching blast furnace slag (BFS), which could not only avoid a series of environmental problems caused by traditional water quenching methods, but also significantly increase the added value of BFS subsequent products. In this paper, the granulation mechanism of BFS and the amorphous phase formation mechanism of slag beads were studied by combining the physical properties of BFS and the granulation effect. The results showed that the viscosity of BFS decreased with the increase of basicity; the bigger the basicity, the higher the bead formation rate, the smaller the particle size and the more regular the slag shape. The smaller the basicity, the greater the crystallization activation energy and the smaller the Avrami exponent, which indicated that the crystal was more difficult to nucleate and grow. The increase of the cooling rate could effectively inhibit crystal precipitation. Therefore, the high basicity and cooling rate could not only guarantee the high bead formation rate of BFS, but also ensure the high content amorphous phase of slag beads.
5
Kadhim, M. J., L. M. Hasan e H. M. Kamal. "Investigating the effects of nano-blast furnace slag powder on the behaviour of composite cement materials". Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering 116, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2023): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.3392.
Abstract (sommario):
Attributable to the depletion of raw materials and for sustainability purposes in construction works. Therefore, this study looked into the effects of nano blast furnace slag (BFS) on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and durability of mortar. BFS was substituted for cement at various weight percentages of 0, 1, 1.5, 3, 5, and 7%.A suspension of water and Nano blast furnace slag was made using ultrasonic mixers to prepare the samples. The suspension was combined with cement and sand using 1 cement, 0.5 water, and 2.75 sand in the mixture to make cement mortar. The mixture was then shaped, left in the mould for 24 hours, and then allowed to cure for 7, 14, 28, 60, and 91 days. SEM was used to investigate the microstructure before and after cement replacement. The mechanical characteristics were evaluated by testing the compressive strength and the surface hardness. While the durability was assessed using the water absorption ratios.The results revealed that increasing the BFS in the mortar improved mechanical characteristics and durability by up to 3% of BFS. Replacing Nano-blast furnace slag for a portion of the cement is a proposed solution to address the problems of environmental pollution and resource consumption caused by cement production.Another sustainable material needs to be used for additional investigation. We may evaluate more properties and use different weight percentages.Each year, a significant amount of slag is produced as a result of the iron industry, endangering the environment. There have been numerous initiatives to reduce slags negative environmental consequences. Using slag to replace some of the cement is one of the options to eliminate this byproduct and reduce excessive cement use.This study investigates the possibility of using a blast furnace blast within the Nanoscale to replace some of the cement used in the construction due to the positive impact on the environment to get rid of industrial byproducts and decrease the use of cement.
6
Wang, Yunfeng, Bo Jiang, Ying Su, Xingyang He, Yingbin Wang e Sangkeun Oh. "Hydration and Compressive Strength of Activated Blast-Furnace Slag–Steel Slag with Na2CO3". Materials 15, n. 13 (21 giugno 2022): 4375. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15134375.
Abstract (sommario):
Alkali-activated materials (AAMs) are regarded as an alternative cementitious material for Portland cement with regards to sustainable development in construction. The purpose of this work is to investigate the properties of activated blast-furnace slag (BFS)–steel slag (SS) with sodium carbonate (NC), taking into account BFS fineness and Na2O equivalent. The hydration was investigated by rheological behavior and pH development. The hydrates were characterized by TG-DTG and XRD, and the microstructure was analyzed by SEM and MIP. Results showed that the rheology of activated BFS-SS pastes was well-fitted with the H-B model and affected by BFS fineness and NC mixture ratio. It was found that BFS fineness and NC ratio played a crucial role in the initial alkalinity of SS-BFS-based pastes. As such, lower BFS fineness and higher NC ratio can dramatically accelerate the formation of reaction products to endow higher mechanical strength of BFS-SS pastes. However, the effect of NC ratio on the microstructure development of BFS-SS based AAMs was more obvious than BFS fineness.
7
Bok, Young Jin, Sung Ho Tae, Taeh Young Kim e Jeong Hun Park. "A Study on Environmental Load Assessment of Early Strength Activator Blast Furnace Slag". Advanced Materials Research 905 (aprile 2014): 383–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.905.383.
Abstract (sommario):
Development of environment-friendly building materials has recently been increasing with the use of industrial waste and by-products, but concrete containing blast furnace slag (BFS) is excellent in terms of environmental load and shows relatively insufficient early strength. Development of by-products to supplement this insufficiency is deemed necessary. Therefore in this study, an early strength activator blast furnace slag (A-BFS) was developed and environment performance of the developed A-BFS was assessed to assess environmental load (CO2). As a result, early strength was developed in mortar specimen mixed with A-BFS. When environmental load (CO2) was assessed on the mortar specimen, life cycle CO2 emission from production of 1kg of A-BFS was found to be 0.057kg-CO2/kg.
8
Irekti, Amar, Mehena Oualit, Zohra Ykene e Buncianu Dorel. "Rheological behavior of the composite matrix Diglycidylether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA/wt% blast furnace slag (BFS)". IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1204, n. 1 (1 novembre 2021): 012008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1204/1/012008.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract This paper reports experiments on the rheological behavior of DGEBA epoxy resin filled with blast furnace slag nanoparticles. The study of the variation of stress and viscosity as a function of shear rate is emphasized. The purpose of this study is to investigate the rheological behavior of DGEBA loaded with blast furnace slag (BFS), the selected mixtures cannot exceed 10% in wt%, given the fineness of grinding which SSB= 44.5 m2.g-1. We tested the compositions of DGEBA/%wt blast furnace slag (BFS) at filling ratios of (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50%). Viscosity and shear stress as a function of temperature and filler rate were investigated. In this study, formulations were developed to test the best compositions with favorable rheological behavior for better processing of these matrices.
9
Özkan, Ömer, e Mehmet Sarıbıyık. "ALKALI SILICA REACTION OF BOF AND BFS WASTES COMBINATION IN CEMENT". Journal of Civil Engineering and Management 19, n. 1 (16 gennaio 2013): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2012.734854.
Abstract (sommario):
This study reports the results of an experimental study conducted to determine composite cements manufactured with the combination of Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF) Slag and Blast Furnace Slag (BFS). The overall objective of this work is to determine whether a combination of BOF slag and BFS can be used as a cementations material to produce Composite Portland Cement (CPC). Three groups of cement are produced for testing. The first group contains BOF slag, the second group contains BFS and the last group contains the mixture of BOF slag and BFS together. Physical properties and Alkali Silica Reaction (ASR) of these groups are also evaluated in this study. Maximum ASR expansion is observed from the sample of CPC created with BOF slag. On the other hand minimum ASR expansion value is located in the sample of CPC created with BFS only.
10
Vu Kim, Dien, Sofya Ildarovna Bazhenova, Trong Chuc Nguyen, Van Lam Tang, Minh Chien Do, Van Loi Le, Van Duong Nguyen, Cong Ly Nguyen e Minh Thuan Hoang. "Blast furnace slag properties at different grinding times and its effect on foam concrete properties". Stavební obzor - Civil Engineering Journal 31, n. 1 (30 aprile 2022): 32–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/cej.2022.01.0003.
Abstract (sommario):
The paper presents the blast furnace slag properties at different grinding times by the dry grinding method. The process of fine grinding blast furnace slag is prepared at different times (10 minutes, 20 minutes, 30 minutes, 40 minutes). The results indicated that the main component in BFS is the amorphous structure defined in about 25÷35 degrees (with the appearance of Akermanite at 31.1, Calcite at 29.2 and Aragonite at 26.4). The results also showed that the compressive strength and activity index of blast furnace slag increased significantly after extending the grinding time from 0-40 minutes (corresponding to compressive strength from 51.2 ÷ 7 2.1 MPa at 28 days of age and activity index of blast furnace slag from 91.92% -129.44%). The fine grinding process shows that the particle size of blast furnace slag is significantly reduced.
In addition, the paper also presents the effect of finely ground blast furnace slag in 40 minutes on foam concrete properties. Research results show that the use of finely crushed blast furnace slag by the mechanical grinding method to replace sand in foam concrete not only improves the mechanical properties such as compressive strength, flexural strength, the elastic modulus of foam concrete but also protect the environment, reduce product costs.
11
Zhong, Wen Huan, Tung Hsuan Lu e Wei Hsing Huang. "Alkali-Activated EAF Reducing Slag as Binder for Concrete". Advanced Materials Research 723 (agosto 2013): 580–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.723.580.
Abstract (sommario):
Electric arc furnace (EAF) reducing slag is the by-product of EAF steel-making. Currently, reducing slag is considered a waste material by the industry in Taiwan. Since the chemical content of reducing slag is similar to blast furnace slag (BFS), it is expected that reducing slag exhibits a similar pozzolanic effect as the BFS. This study used alkaline activator consisting of sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide to improve the activity of reductive slag so as to replace Portland cement as binder in concrete. Some BFS was used to blend with the reducing slag to enhance the binding quality of alkali-activated mixes. The results show that a blend of 50% BFS and 50% reducing slag can be activated successively with alkali. Also, the sulfate resistance of concrete made with alkali-activated EAF reducing slag is found to be better than that of concrete made with portland cement, while the drying shrinkage of alkali-activated EAF reducing slag concrete is greater than that of portland cement concrete.
12
Li, Shan Ping, Yan Yan Jiang, Xue Yuan Zeng e Xiang Ru Ma. "Performance of Granular Media from Blast Furnace Slag on Beer Wastewater Treatment". Advanced Materials Research 658 (gennaio 2013): 174–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.658.174.
Abstract (sommario):
In order to improve utilization ratio of blast furnace slag (BFS), the study used BFS, cement and building glue to make blast-furnace-slag granular media (BGM) in a non-sintered process. The characterization of BGM was analyzed by physical method, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and D/max-rA X-ray diffraction (XRD). And the influence of hydraulic retention time (HRT) and air-liquid ratio (A/L) on the removal of average chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) were also investigated. The results indicated that the BGM presented high total porosity, large total surface area and low bulk and apparent density. The BGM reactor showed the good removal efficiency on COD and NH4+-N with HRT of 6 h and A/L of 5:1, which were above 86% and 90%, respectively. Overall, BGM showed good performance as wastewater treatment filter media in biological aerated filters (BAF), whose application is a promising way to use waste blast furnace slag.
13
Luna Galiano, Yolanda, Constantino Fernández Pereira, C. M. Pérez e P. Suarez. "Influence of BFS Content in the Mechanical Properties and Acid Attack Resistance of Fly Ash Based Geopolymers". Key Engineering Materials 663 (settembre 2015): 50–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.663.50.
Abstract (sommario):
This paper analyzes the influence of an extra calcium source (added as blast furnace slag) on certain properties of fly ash based geopolymers using sodium silicate as activating solution. Geopolymers were manufactured with different fly ash/blast furnace slag (FA/BFS) ratios: 100/0, 80/20, 60/40, 40/60, and 20/80. The properties studied in the geopolymers were their compressive strength and acid attack resistance. The addition of BFS improves geopolymer compressive strength at early stages. Compressive strength increases as the proportion of BFS in the mixture increases. However, maximum compressive strength was found for a determined BFS content value in the geopolymers, so that a clear reduction of this parameter was appreciated when the BFS content increased above this value. The resistance to acid attack improves in the presence of BFS possibly due to the formation of a calcium sulphate precipitate layer that increases the compressive strength and also operates as a protective coating that hinders geopolymer deterioration.
14
Komljenović, Miroslav, Nataša Džunuzović e Violeta Nikolić. "Resistance to external sulfate attack - Comparison of two alkali-activated binders". MATEC Web of Conferences 163 (2018): 06001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201816306001.
Abstract (sommario):
Durability of binders, mortars and concretes in aggressive environments is of crucial importance for their commercial application. In this paper the resistance to external sulfate attack of two different alkaliactivated binders (AABs), based either on blast furnace slag (BFS) or fly ash/blast furnace slag (FA/BFS) blend, was compared with two different commercially available Portland cement (CEM II) blended either with BFS or with FA and BFS. Comparison of sulfate resistance was based on compressive strength testing (the loss of strength) of mortar samples exposed to sodium sulfate attack up to 180 days and samples cured under controlled conditions for the same period of time. Furthermore, the evolution of microstructure of alkali-activated binders and pH of sodium silicate solution during testing were also analyzed. Despite different gel chemistry being involved, both alkali-activated binders based either on BFS or FA/BFS blend showed excellent resistance to external sulfate attack and even better than selected Portland cements tested under the same experimental conditions.
15
Qin, Yuelin, Ke Zhang, Xinlong Wu, Qingfeng Ling, Jinglan Hu, Xin Li e Hao Liu. "Effect of Oily Sludge Treatment with Molten Blast Furnace Slag on the Mineral Phase Reconstruction of Water-Quenched Slag Properties". Materials 14, n. 23 (28 novembre 2021): 7285. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14237285.
Abstract (sommario):
Blast furnace slag, which is the main by-product of the ironmaking process discharged at 1450 °C, contains high-quality sensible heat, while oily sludge is the main solid waste produced in the process of gas exploration, storage, and transportation. The energy and resource utilization of blast furnace slag is complementary to the environmentally friendly treatment of oily sludge, which has provided a new idea for the multi-factor synergistic cycle and energy transformation of the two wastes. The pyrolysis of the oily sludge with the molten blast furnace slag was conducted in the current paper. Results showed that the oily sludge was rapidly pyrolyzed, and the heavy metal elements in the oily sludge were solidified. The solidification rate of the heavy metals exceeds 90%, except for vanadium. The reconstituted water-quenched blast furnace slag still has good activity, and it will not affect the further use of the slag after pyrolysis (BFS-P).
16
Rondón-Quintana, H. A., J. C. Ruge-Cardenas e J. G. Bastidas-Martínez. "Evaluation of Hot-Mix Asphalt Containing Portland Cement Treated Blast Furnace Slag". Archives of Civil Engineering 65, n. 2 (1 giugno 2019): 193–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ace-2019-0028.
Abstract (sommario):
AbstractIron production’s waste materials include significant quantities of blast furnace slag (BFS) which could potentially be used as a substitute for natural aggregates in hot mix asphalt (HMA) used in highway projects. Although many of properties of slag are interesting, its porosity and absorption rate would lead to greater consumption of asphalt. For this study, a Portland cement (PC) paste was used to reduce the porosity of a BFS. This PC treated BFS (called BFS-C) was then used in an HMA to replace the coarse fraction of a natural aggregate. Marshall, Indirect Tensile Strength (ITS), resilient modulus and Cantabro tests were then carried out on different HMA mixtures that included BFS-C. Using BFS-C, HMA’s resistance under monotonic loading, stiffness under cyclic loading, and resistance to moisture damage increased remarkably. In addition, the Cantabro abrasion resistance of BFS-C improved was better than that of the HMA mixture produced with untreated BFS.
17
Yang, Chao, Shuguang Wang, Feng Xu, Weiwei Li e Dongsheng Du. "Relating Rapid Chloride Migration Coefficient of Blast Furnace Slag Concrete to Capillary Pore Structure Parameters". MATEC Web of Conferences 278 (2019): 01007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927801007.
Abstract (sommario):
Blast furnace slag blended concrete is widely used in infrastructure, and its chloride resistance is of great concern. This paper experimentally investigated the capillary pore structure and chloride resistance of blast furnace slag blended concrete. Blast furnace slag was proved to be able to optimize the critical pore radius and decrease the proportion of detrimental capillary pores (with radius between 50 nm and 10,000 nm). Meanwhile, the benefit of BFS in improving the chloride resistance was proved. Finally, regression analysis showed that the rapid migration coefficient is proportional to the critical pore radius and the detrimental capillary pore proportion. Nevertheless, the rapid migration coefficient is not closely related to the capillary porosity.
18
NICULA, Liliana Maria, Daniela Lucia MANEA, Dorina SIMEDRU e Mihai Liviu DRAGOMIR. "INVESTIGATIONS RELATED TO THE OPPORTUNITY OF USING FURNACE SLAG IN THE COMPOSITION OF ROAD CEMENT CONCRETE". European Journal of Materials Science and Engineering 8, n. 3 (20 settembre 2023): 128–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.36868/ejmse.2023.08.03.128.
Abstract (sommario):
BFS blast furnace slag presentation of the challenges and opportunities is related to the use as a substitute of Portland cement, respectively of natural sand in the composition of road cement concretes. The inclusion of BFS in the composition of road con
19
Wajima, Takaaki. "Synthesis of Zeolite from Blast Furnace Slag Using Alkali Fusion with Addition of EDTA". Advanced Materials Research 1044-1045 (ottobre 2014): 124–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1044-1045.124.
Abstract (sommario):
A large amount of blast furnace slag, a by-product of the iron-making process, is generated annually. We attempted to convert blast furnace slag (BFS) into zeolitic materials using alkali fusion with ethylenediamine tetraacetate dihydrate (EDTA) chelation. Without addition of EDTA, a mixture of hydroxysodalite and calcite was synthesized. With EDTA addition, Ca2+ ions were trapped by chelation in solution during agitation, then the chelation was promoted by heating at synthesis, and zeolite-A, zeolite-X and hydroxysodalite were synthesized.
20
Kuszhanova, Assem, Moldir Raiymbek, Aliya Abzal, Chang Seon Shon, Saken Sandybay, Aizhan Tukaziban e Jong Ryeol Kim. "Compressive Strength and Expansion Characteristics of Mortar Mixtures Incorporating Chronologically Aged-Basic BOFS Aggregates Blended with GGBFS and Fly Ash". Materials Science Forum 1077 (15 dicembre 2022): 237–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-bd348b.
Abstract (sommario):
During the steelmaking process, many by-products, such as blast-furnace slag (BFS), basic oxygen furnace slag (BOFS), and ladle slag (LS), are generated. Unlike BFS, utilizing BOFS is limited due to its expansive volumetric characteristics by the transformation process of free lime (f-CaO) and free magnesia (f-MgO) to portlandite (Ca(OH)2) and brucite (Mg(OH)2). The natural aging process may help BOFS used as an aggregate in mortar or concrete because harmful elements such as f-CaO and f-MgO could be consumed during this stage. This study evaluated compressive strength and expansion characteristics of mortar mixtures incorporating chronologically aged-BOFS aggregates blended with ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) and ASTM class F fly ash (FFA). Test results revealed that the longer aged BOFS aggregate, the lower compressive strength, regardless of mixture types. The aging process of BOFS aggregate reduced the expansion of mortar mixtures. Incorporating GGBFS or FFA into mortar mixtures containing BOFS aggregate even more reduced the expansion of the mixture.
21
Akhmad Suryadi, Tri Septa A. D. ,. Qomariah,. "ANALISIS KINERJA BETON NORMAL DAN BETON DENGAN SEMEN SUBSTITUSI BLAST FURNACE SLAG". PROKONS Jurusan Teknik Sipil 12, n. 2 (18 luglio 2019): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.33795/prokons.v12i2.161.
Abstract (sommario):
The use of steel smelting waste industry is used to reduce the waste overflow at the site. The waste steel smelting industry called blast furnace slag (BFS) used as a substitution for cement in a concrete mixture in a Laboratory Material Test, Civil Engineering State Polytechnic of Malang. The purpose of this analysis is to: 1) Test the workability of normal concrete and concrete with BFS; 2) Find out compressive strength of each concrete; 3) Compare the price to both concrete in the construction of building.The required data were of gradation of aggregate, water content of aggregate, density of aggregate, absorption of aggregate, bulk density of aggregate, fineness of cement, normal consistency of cement, cement setting time, compressive strength of mortar cement, and the price of building materials Surabaya 2016. SNI 03-2834-2000 method was applied with variations BFS substitute of cement are 0%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 30% BFS and the planned compressive strength obtained at 28 days of 300 kg/cm2.The analyses result in 1) The workability of each concrete: 5.75cm of normal concrete (0%), 3.45cm, 3.15cm, 3.1cm, and 3.05cm respectively with BFS concrete; 2) The compressive strength of each concrete at 28 days: 235.56kg/cm2 of normal concrete, 105.33kg/cm2, 138.96kg/cm2, 127.26kg/cm2, and 94.52kg/cm2respectively with BFS concrete; The use of BFS cannot be applied to the concrete mixture, because of low compressive strength; 3) For the price of concrete materials per m3 are IDR 999.472,05 of normal concrete, IDR 996.926,78 for 10% with BFS, IDR 995.654,93 for 15% with BFS, IDR 994.381,50 for 20% with BFS, and IDR 991.837,80 for 30% with BFS. Keywords: BFS, workability, compressive strength
22
Hu, Shu Gang, Hai Li Niu e Xian Jun Lu. "Preparation and its Application Performance of Backfilling Cementation Material Based on Blast Furnace Slag". Advanced Materials Research 239-242 (maggio 2011): 2389–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.239-242.2389.
Abstract (sommario):
The blast-furnace slag （BFS）has been characterized by chemical and phase composition to evaluate its hydration reactivity. It has high potential activity for its glassy structure, so its use to prepare new filling cementation material is possible. New backfilling cementation material composition has been formulated and optimized by activation of BFS. The optimal formula of new backfilling cementation material SL(Slag activated by lime) and SLG(Slag activated by lime and desulfurization gypsum) was 87% BFS, 13% lime and 78.4% BFS, 11.8% lime, 9.8% desulfurization gypsum respectively. Finally, the feature of application performance was analyzed through comparison between new cementation material and ordinary Portland cement with paste and sand mortar experiment. The result showed that material SL and SLG have superior performance to ordinary Portland cement used to mining cemented filling.
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Yasipourtehrani, Sara, Vladimir Strezov, Tao Kan e Tim Evans. "Investigation of Dye Removal Capability of Blast Furnace Slag in Wastewater Treatment". Sustainability 13, n. 4 (11 febbraio 2021): 1970. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13041970.
Abstract (sommario):
Blast Furnace Slag (BFS) is a by-product of the iron ore processing industry with potential to be used in different industrial applications. In this research, BFS was used to examine its ability for dye removal from wastewater. The efficiency of two types of BFS samples for removal of cationic methylene blue (MB) and acidic methyl orange (MO) dyes was investigated and results found that the optimal conditions for treatment of wastewater were 80 g/L of adsorbent dose and 1 h of treatment time for both dyes. BFS was found to be more effective for removal of the acidic MO dye than the cationic MB dye. Under shorter residence times, the results showed reverse trends with BFS samples removing higher concentrations of MB than MO. The BFS chemistry had additional impacts on the efficiency of dye removal. Higher basicity of BFS had lower dye removal ability for adsorption of acidic dye when applied at smaller concentrations, while for cationic dye when applied at higher concentrations. The results showed that BFS has potential role for pre-treatment of industrial wastewater contaminated with dyes and may contribute to reduced use of more expensive adsorbents, such as activated carbons.
24
Mazov, Ilya, Bekzod Khaydarov, Tamara Yudintseva, Dmitrii Suvorov, Evgeny Kolesnikov, Yana Saltykova, Stanislav Mamulat e Denis V. Kuznetsov. "Metallurgical Slag-Based Concrete Materials Produced by Vortex Electromagnetic Activation". Key Engineering Materials 683 (febbraio 2016): 221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.683.221.
Abstract (sommario):
The article presents the results of utilization of blast furnace slags as a source for preparation of clinker-free cement materials for road and civil construction. Simple and high-yield approach for mechanical activation of metallurgical slag with cheap chemical modifiers using Vortex Electromagnetic Activation (VEA) technique was demonstrated to produce cement with high mechanical properties. Such approach may be used for effective and low-energy utilization of industrial scale-produced slags in concrete materials. This paper describes simple high-yield approach to produce clinker-free cement materials based on blast furnace slag (BFS) using new type of Vortex Electromagnetic Activation apparatus and cheap chemical modifiers, such as fly ash and sodium hydroxide. Using of such approach allowed us to produce clinker-free cement materials with compressive strength almost 2 times higher as compared with pure Portland Cement materials.
25
Hu, Shu Gang, Xian Jun Lu, Hai Li Niu e Zi Qiao Jin. "Research on Preparation and Properties of Backfilling Cementation Material Based on Blast Furnace Slag". Advanced Materials Research 158 (novembre 2010): 189–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.158.189.
Abstract (sommario):
The blast-furnace slag (BFS) has been characterized by chemical and phase composition to evaluate its hydration reactivity. It has high potential activity for its glassy structure, so its use to prepare new filling cementation material is possible. New backfilling cementation material composition has been formulated and optimized by activation of BFS. The optimal formula of new backfilling cementation material SL(Slag activated by lime) and SLG(Slag activated by lime and desulfurization gypsume) was 87% BFS ,13% lime and 78.4% BFS, 11.8% lime, 9.8% desulfurization gypsume respectively. Finally, the feature of cementation properties was analyzed through comparison between new cementation material and ordinary Portland cement with compressive strength, water requirement of normal consistence, setting time, bleeding water and slump. The result showed that material SL and SLG have superior performance to ordinary Portland cement used to mining cemented filling.
26
Yue, Kang, Liu Chao, Zhang Yuzhu, Xing Hongwei, Long Yue e Jiang Maofa. "Study on the mineralogical crystallization of granulation of gas-quenched blast furnace slag". Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 83, n. 9 (2018): 1031–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc121217051y.
Abstract (sommario):
The process of granulation in blast furnace slag (BFS) by gas quenching can effectively recover the waste heat of BFS and improve the value-added nature of the BFS byproduct. With decreasing temperature, BFS crystallizes into melilite, anorthite, spinel, etc. Mineral crystallization, however, is not conducive to the production of amorphous BFS beads. This study uses thermodynamic simulation and remelting experiments to study the influences of basicity, acidity, and the MgO and Al2O3 content of the BFS on the crystallization. By controlling the composition of the BFS, mineral crystallization in the process of granulation in BFS, by gas quenching, could be prevented. The results show that increasing the basicity of the BFS causes the mineral crystallization temperature to increase rapidly. The mineral phase then crystallizes at a higher temperature, which is not conducive to the formation of an amorphous phase. Increasing the acidity of the BFS can greatly decrease the crystallization temperature, e.g., when the acidity increases to 1.3, amorphous BFS beads can be obtained at the gas quenching temperature (1623 K). Although increasing the MgO and Al2O3 contents in the BFS had little effect on the crystallization temperature and yield, the preparation of amorphous BFS beads by gas quenching could be realized by adjusting the acidity of the BFS.
27
Hu, Shu Gang, Xian Jun Lu, Hai Li Niu e Lei Zhang. "Research on Cementing Performances of Environment-Friendly Backfilling Cementation Material Based on Blast Furnace Slag". Advanced Materials Research 454 (gennaio 2012): 76–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.454.76.
Abstract (sommario):
The blast-furnace slag （BFS）has been characterized by chemical and phase composition to evaluate its hydration reactivity. It has high potential activity for its glassy structure, so its use to prepare new filling cementation material is possible. New backfilling cementation material composition has been formulated and optimized by activation of BFS. The optimal formula of new backfilling cementation material SL(Slag activated by lime) and SLC(Slag activated by lime and calcium chloride) was 87% BFS ,13% lime and 86.84% BFS, 13.02% lime, 0.14% calcium chloride respectively. Finally, the feature of cementing properties was analyzed through comparison between new cementation material and ordinary Portland cement with compressive strength, water requirement of normal consistence, setting time, bleeding water and slump. The result showed that material SL and SLC have superior performance to ordinary Portland cement used to mining cemented filling.
28
Ayano, Toshiki, Takashi Fujii, Kyoji Niitani, Katsunori Takahashi e Kazuyoshi Hosotani. "Improvement of Durability of Precast Concrete Member by Granulated Blast Furnace Slag Sand". Journal of Disaster Research 12, n. 3 (29 maggio 2017): 456–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2017.p0456.
Abstract (sommario):
Concrete deck slabs of bridges are often deteriorated by heavy traffic and freezing and thawing actions. Spraying salt during the winter further promotes the deterioration of concrete. Some reports estimate that the length of highway roads requiring the renewal of deteriorated concrete slabs exceeds 230 km. In order to extend the lifespan of damaged bridge girders, the load for these girders must not be increased. This means that prestressed concrete (hereafter, PC) members are desirable to sustain bridge life, because they can be thinner than reinforced concrete (hereafter, RC) members. In addition, to shorten the period of traffic regulation during renewal construction, precast members should be applied. One problem in manufacturing durable precast concrete is steam curing. When the temperature, period, or both of the steam curing process are inadequate, the effect of air-entraining (hereafter, AE) agents is lost because the warmed air trapped by the AE agent expands and escapes from the concrete. Another problem is concrete fatigue. It is well known that the fatigue lives of concrete slabs in wet conditions are much shorter than those in dry conditions. Concrete slabs are waterproofed immediately after construction, but the waterproofing can be fractured soon after opening bridges, and water can reach the concrete surface. The lifespan of concrete slabs in contact with water often depends on the fatigue of the concrete. Granulated blast furnace slag sand (hereafter, BFS) can enhance the resistance to freezing and thawing actions without using AE agents. Therefore, the resistance to freezing and thawing of concrete mixed with BFS is not damaged by steam curing. The fatigue of concrete in water is also improved by the addition of BFS. Furthermore, BFS can reduce the drying shrinkage of concrete. It is advantageous to restrict the loss of prestress in PC. This study shows that precast PC members with high durability can be manufactured when granulated blast furnace slag is used as a fine aggregate in the concrete. BFS reacts with cement hydrates. It is well known that the carbonation of concrete with ground granulated blast furnace slag (hereafter, GGBF) is much greater than that with ordinary binder. However, BFS does not accelerate the carbonation of concrete. When using granulated blast furnace slag as a fine aggregate, no disadvantage in the concrete properties is detected.
29
Cho, Bong-Suk, Kyung-Mo Koo e Se-Jin Choi. "Compressive Strength and Microstructure Properties of Alkali-Activated Systems with Blast Furnace Slag, Desulfurization Slag, and Gypsum". Advances in Civil Engineering 2018 (11 dicembre 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6123070.
Abstract (sommario):
This study investigates the effect of desulfurization slag (DS) and gypsum (G) on the compressive strength and microstructure properties of blast furnace slag-(BFS-) based alkali-activated systems. DS is produced in a Kambara reactor process of molten iron produced in a steel production process. DS contains CaO, SiO2, Fe2O3, and SO3 and is composed of Ca(OH)2 and 2CaO·SiO2 as main compounds. In this investigation, the weight of BFS was replaced by DS at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30%. In addition, G was also applied at 9, 12, and 15% by weight of BFS to improve the compressive strength of the alkali-activated system with BFS and DS. According to this investigation, the compressive strength of the alkali-activated mixes with BFS and DS ranged from 14.9 MPa (B95D5) to 19.8 MPa (B90D10) after 91 days. However, the 28 days compressive strength of the alkali-activated mixes with BFS, DS, and G reached 39.1 MPa, 45.2 MPa, and 48.4 MPa, respectively, which were approximately 78.8 to 97.5% of that of O100 mix (49.6 MPa). The main hydrates of the BFS-DS (B80D20) binder sample were Ca(OH)2, CaCO3, and low-crystalline calcium silicate hydrates, while the main hydration product of BFS-DS-G (B75D10G15) binder was found as ettringite. The use of BFS-DS-G binders would result in the value-added utilization of steel slag and provide an environmentally friendly construction material, and contribute to a reduction of CO2 in the cement industry.
30
Lekić, Branislava M., Dana D. Marković, Vladana N. Rajaković-Ognjanović, Aleksandar R. Đukić e Ljubinka V. Rajaković. "Arsenic Removal from Water Using Industrial By-Products". Journal of Chemistry 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/121024.
Abstract (sommario):
In this study, removal of arsenic ions using two industrial by-products as adsorbents is represented. Removal of As(III) and As(V) from water was carried out with industrial by-products: residual from the groundwater treatment process, iron-manganese oxide coated sand (IMOCS), and blast furnace slag from steel production (BFS), both inexpensive and locally available. In addition, the BFS was modified in order to minimise its deteriorating impact on the initial water quality. Kinetic and equilibrium studies were carried out using batch and fixed-bed column adsorption techniques under the conditions that are likely to occur in real water treatment systems. To evaluate the application for real groundwater treatment, the capacities of the selected materials were further compared to those exhibited by commercial sorbents, which were examined under the same experimental conditions. IMOCS was found to be a good and inexpensive sorbent for arsenic, while BFS and modified slag showed the highest affinity towards arsenic. All examined waste materials exhibited better sorption performances for As(V). The maximum sorption capacity in the batch reactor was obtained for blast furnace slag, 4040 μgAs(V)/g.
31
Yang, Hyun Min, Myung Won Cho, Won Jun Park e Han Seung Lee. "Apparent Activation Energy for Predicting Compressive Strength of Concrete Using Blast Furnace Slag". Applied Mechanics and Materials 764-765 (maggio 2015): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.764-765.13.
Abstract (sommario):
Concrete with blast furnace slag (BFS) shows varied strength development properties under general temperature conditions. Therefore, a precise prediction of compressive strength using a full maturity model is desired. The purpose of this study is to predict the compressive strength of concrete with BFS by calculating the apparent activation energy (Ea) for each BFS replacement ratio, applying this activation energy to the equivalent age model, and then using the Carino model. For BFS replacement ratios of 0%, 10%, 30%, and 50%, Eais calculated as 33.475 kJ/mol, 37.325 kJ/mol, 41.958 kJ/mol and 45.541 kJ/mol respectively. Finally, the compressive strength of concrete with BFS is predicted.
32
Cho, Sung-Sil, Jin-Man Kim e Ic-Pyo Hong. "Electromagnetic Shielding Characteristics of Eco-Friendly Foamed Concrete Wall". International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9794053.
Abstract (sommario):
The electromagnetic shielding characteristics according to the material composition of foamed concrete, which was manufactured to reduce environmental pollution and to economically apply it in actual building walls, were researched herein. Industrial by-products such as ladle furnace slag (LFS), gypsum, and blast furnace slag (BFS) were added to manufacture foamed concrete with enhanced functionalities such as lightweight, heat insulation, and sound insulation. The electrical characteristics such as permittivity and loss tangent according to the foam and BFS content were calculated and measured. Free space measurement was used to measure the electromagnetic shielding characteristics of the actually manufactured foamed concrete. It was confirmed that electromagnetic signals were better blocked when the foam content was low and the BFS content was high in the measured frequency bands (1–8 GHz) and that approximately 90% of the electromagnetic signals were blocked over 4 GHz.
33
Ślosarczyk, Agnieszka, Izabela Klapiszewska, Patryk Jędrzejczak, Weronika Jędrzejczak e Łukasz Klapiszewski. "Synthesis and Characterization of Eco-Efficient Alkali-Activated Composites with Self-Cleaning Properties for Sustainable Construction". Molecules 28, n. 16 (15 agosto 2023): 6066. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28166066.
Abstract (sommario):
In this research, we aimed to design an eco-efficient composite based on alkali-activated materials (AAMs) with self-cleaning properties for sustainable construction. Significant emphasis was placed on determining the role of the type of precursor, the amount of sodium silicate, and the addition of titanium dioxide on the rheological and mechanical properties of AAMs. An important aspect of the research was the modification of AAM with titanium dioxide to obtain the self-cleaning properties. Titanium dioxide, thanks to its photocatalytic properties, enables the reduction of organic pollutants and nitrogen oxides in the urban atmosphere and promotes the cleaning of material surfaces. Blast furnace slag (BFS) was used as the source material, which was then substituted in subsequent formulations with metakaolinite at 50% and fly ash and zeolite at 30%. The best-activated AAMs, in which blast furnace slag and its mixture with metakaolinite were used as precursors, achieved compressive strengths of 50 MPa. BFS mixtures with pozzolans were more difficult to polymerize, although their final strengths were still relatively high, in the range of 33–37 MPa. Adding titanium dioxide (T) improved the final strengths and slightly lowered the heat of hydration and spreading of the AAM mortars. The best self-cleaning properties were achieved with composites that comprised a mixture of blast furnace slag, fly ash, and 2% titanium dioxide.
34
Kang, Yue, Chao Liu, Yuzhu Zhang e Hongwei Xing. "Influence of Crystallization Behavior of Gas Quenching Blast Furnace Slag on the Preparation of Amorphous Slag Beads". Crystals 10, n. 1 (10 gennaio 2020): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10010030.
Abstract (sommario):
Slag beads with different crystal content could be obtained through the gas quenching blast furnace slag (BFS) process. In order to increase the additional value of the slag beads as much as possible, it was necessary to restrain the crystallization of the slag beads as much as possible. In this paper, the mineral types and crystallization temperatures of BFS with different basicities and cooling rates were studied by using Factsage thermodynamic software, XRD, and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) experiments, which obtained the gas quenching temperature and the cooling rate needed to restrain crystallization behavior in the gas quenching process; The crystallization mechanism was studied by calculating crystallization activation energy (Ec) using the DSC experiment, at the same time, the thermodynamic results were verified. The proper basicity and cooling rate of BFS were found to be conducive to the preparation of amorphous slag beads. The results showed that the initial crystallization temperature decreased with decreasing the basicity and increasing the cooling rate, which could increase the amorphous content of slag beads in the gas quenching process. The crystallization activation energy (Ec) increased with decreasing basicity, which increased the crystallization barrier.
35
Kim, Taeh Young, Sung Ho Tae, Jin Hyoung Kim e Keun Hyeok Yang. "Assessment on Physical Properties and Environmental Load Emission of Concrete Using Early Strength Activator Blast Furnace Slag". Advanced Materials Research 905 (aprile 2014): 388–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.905.388.
Abstract (sommario):
In relation to global warming, there is a need for development of alternative material to reduce cement use by concrete. Accordingly in this study, A-BFS (Activator Blast Furnace Slag) mixed with an activator composed of industrial wastes such as wastewater sludge and sewage sludge was developed. Physical property for compressive strength development was tested on concrete mixed with the developed A-BFS. In addition, environmental load (CO2) emission and reduction performance were analyzed on concrete mixed with A-BFS.
36
Lavrishchev, Anton, Andrey Litvinovich, Olga Pavlova e Vladimir Bure. "Effect of liming of sod-podzolic soils with by-products of steel production on soil acidity and composition of wash water (column experiments)". Zemljiste i biljka 69, n. 2 (2020): 68–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zembilj2002068l.
Abstract (sommario):
The waste slag materials from metallurgical plants contain calcareous materials, such as blast furnace (BFS) and converter slags (CS) of the Chelyabinsk Metallurgical Plant. However, the widespread use of these materials is limited by the presence of harmful impurities in their composition that can have a negative effect on soils and plants. The aim of our research is to study the effect of liming of soddypodzolic soils with metallurgical slags on the pHKCl value and the composition of the wash water. In a model experiment on columns, the migration ability of alkali metals from soils of light granulometric composition was studied after using two phases of steelmaking waste as a lime material. Research results indicate that the ameliorative properties of BFS and converter slags were different. When liming with BFS slag, a month after composting, the pHKCl value increased to 5.1 units. Studied soil from the category of "strongly acidic" moved to the category of "weakly acidic". When liming with the converter slag, the pHKCl value of the soil increased from 4.1 to 4.7 (the soil from the "strongly acidic" category moved to the "medium acidic" category). With an increase in the period of washing, the pH of the infiltration water increases. In the treatments with the use of BFS slag this increase was higher due to the continuing dissolution of ameliorants and the higher chemical activity of BFS slag. The liming led to intensive migration of alkaline earth metals. In the treatments limed with more soluble (chemically active) BFS slag, calcium losses were higher. Empirical estimation of alkaline earth metals leaching from the soil allowed to model the dynamics of the base migration. The dynamics of Ca and Mg migration from the soil were fundamentally different (content of Ca decreased, and of Mg increased). The dynamics of Ca migration from the soil limed with converter slag was most pronounced in comparison with the Ca dynamics for BFS slag and the Mg dynamics in all treatments.
37
Quintana, Hugo Rondon, Saieth Chaves-Pabón e Diego A. Escobar. "Evaluation of a Warm Mix Asphalt Manufactured with Blast Furnace Slag". Modern Applied Science 12, n. 12 (12 novembre 2018): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mas.v12n12p28.
Abstract (sommario):
The study evaluated the response under monotonic loading (Marshall and indirect traction) and the resistance to moisture damage and abrasion of a warm mix asphalt (WMA) manufactured with an additive called HUSIL, when the coarse fraction of the aggregate was replaced by a blast furnace slag (BFS). In conclusion, it is reported that the additive is capable of reducing the manufacturing temperature of the asphalt mixture by 30 ° C. Additionally, the BFS can be used as a partial substitute for the coarse fraction of aggregates in WMA, since when replacing it in 21%, the mixture reach a significant increase in stiffness, resistance to moisture damage, and similar resistance to abrasion with respect to the control asphalt mixture.
38
Duan, Wenjun, Yunke Gao, Qingbo Yu e Zhimei Wang. "Combining theory and experiment analysis in molten BFS waste heat recovery integrated with coal gasification". E3S Web of Conferences 118 (2019): 01045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911801045.
Abstract (sommario):
A novel method that a heat recovery system from blast furnace slag integrated with coal gasification reaction to generate syngas was proposed. The motion characteristic and critical velocity of the coal particles in the molten slag were estimated. Meanwhile, the effects of temperature and steam to coal ratio on coal gasification product distribution and gas characterization were discussed. The results showed that the coal particles (~75 μm) would break through the bondage of bubbles and transport into molten slag when the velocity of coal particles were above 4.20 m·s-1 and the diameter of bubbles were less 6 mm. There had higher gasification efficiency, gas yield production and H2 production by this method. The results suggested that the optimal conditions for slag waste heat recovery were achieved at 1623 K and steam to coal ratio of 2.0. Under these conditions, the gas yield and carbon conversion reached 133.48 mol·kg-1 and 97.81%, respectively. The proposed method enhanced the coal gasification efficiency and recovered the high quality of molten blast furnace slag waste heat effectively, and had important guidance for industrial manufacture.
39
Sundhararasu, Elavarasi, Sari Tuomikoski, Hanna Runtti, Tao Hu, Toni Varila, Teija Kangas e Ulla Lassi. "Alkali-Activated Adsorbents from Slags: Column Adsorption and Regeneration Study for Nickel(II) Removal". ChemEngineering 5, n. 1 (5 marzo 2021): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemengineering5010013.
Abstract (sommario):
Alkali-activated adsorbents were synthesized by mixing three different slags from the steel industry: blast furnace slag (BFS), ladle slag (LS), and Lintz–Donawitz converter slag (LD). These powdered slag-based geopolymers (GP) were used to remove nickel(II) from aqueous solutions in fixed-bed column studies. The experiments were conducted in pH 6 using a phosphate buffer with initial nickel(II) concentration of 50 mg/L. Samples were taken at time intervals of between 5 and 90 min. Three adsorption–desorption cycles were implemented with a flow rate of 5 mL/min. The geopolymers were characterized by Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), specific surface area measurements, and a leaching test. The data were found to describe the Thomas, Adams–Bohart, and Yoon–Nelson models well. For GP (BFS, LS), experimental adsorption capacity was 2.92 mg/g, and for GP (LD, BFS, LS), it was 1.34 mg/g. The results indicated that the produced adsorbents have the potential to be used as adsorbents for the removal of nickel(II).
40
Zawrah, M. F., R. A. Gado e R. M. Khattab. "Optimization of Slag Content and Properties Improvement of Metakaolin-slag Geopolymer Mixes". Open Materials Science Journal 12, n. 1 (31 luglio 2018): 40–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874088x01812010040.
Abstract (sommario):
Object:Geopolymers mixes were fabricated from Metakaolin (MK) and Blast Furnace Slag (BFS) waste material in the presence of sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate which were used as alkali activators. To optimize the suitable amount of slag, eleven batches were designed, mixed and homogenized for 30 min.Method:To determine the suitable amount of liquid required for pasting, normal consistency and setting time were determined. The physico-mechanical properties at different curing agesi.e. 3, 7, 28 and 90 days, were determined. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope were used to investigate phase composition and microstructure.Result:To guarantee forming geopolymer gel and to check its amount, HCl extraction test was performed. Salicylic acid/methanol extraction was also performed to verify the presence and amount of Calcium Silicate Hydrate (CSH). The results revealed that calcium-rich slag (BFS) accelerated the hardening process and decreased the alkaline liquid consistency. For geopolymer without BFS, two phases, namely; un-reacted metakaolin and geopolymer gel were formed. For geopolymers with BFS, three phases were formed, namely; un-reacted metakaolin, geopolymer gel and CSH with aluminum substitution (CASH) gel. The bulk density was increased with increasing BFS and curing time. The strength was increased with increasing of BFS, reaching its maximum (about 120 MPa) for the specimen containing 70% slag, cured for 28 days.
41
Cho, Bong Suk, e Young Cheol Choi. "Hydration Properties of STS-Refining Slag-Blended Blast Furnace Slag Cement". Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2018 (2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5893254.
Abstract (sommario):
The refining process using an aluminum deoxidizer for fabricating stainless steel generated steel slag (STS-refining slag (SRS)) that contains a large amount of Al2O3 and is a compound of mainly 12CaO·7Al2O3 and 3CaO·Al2O3. When SRS was mixed with slag cement, rapid exothermic reaction occurred in the initial phase of hydration. During the hydration of slag cement and SRS, a large quantity of xCaO-yAl2O3-zH2O hydrate was observed. Until 10% weight replacement ratio of SRS to slag cement, the compressive strength was in the same level as in the existing slag cement. However, 20% replacement was accompanied by much strength degradation and high drying shrinkage. When a mixture of SRS and gypsum was added to slag cement, ettringite (3CaO·Al2O3·3CaSO4·32H2O) was actively created in the initial hydration phase. The compressive strength of the OPC-BFS-SRS-gypsum binder at 91 days was 91% of that of slag cement (B50) and was similar to that of OPC (O100). Besides, drying shrinkage was almost half that of slag cement, which indicates excellent performance for shrinkage. In case SRS is adequately used, which is an industrial by-product of the steel-making process, high shrinkage, a basic problem of slag cement, will be mitigated.
42
Tagba, Maléki, Shujin Li, Mingjie Jiang, Xu Gao, Mohamed Larbi Benmalek, Salima Boukour e Chuanqi Liu. "Performance Evaluation of Cementitious Composites Containing Granulated Rubber Wastes, Silica Fume, and Blast Furnace Slag". Crystals 11, n. 6 (1 giugno 2021): 632. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11060632.
Abstract (sommario):
In this study, rubberized cementitious materials are produced with recycled rubber waste as an alternative to fine aggregate. Mixtures with different additions to rubber wastes (RW), silica fume (SF), and blast furnace slag (BFS) have been designed and characterized. Hardened properties including compressive and bond strength, shrinkage, water-accessible porosity, rapid chloride migration, and microstructure were investigated. The results show that the addition of SF and BFS improves the performances of rubberized mortars and reduces shrinkage. The incorporation of 5% RW with 20% BFS increases compressive strength and reduces water-accessible porosity. Ion chloride resistance was enhanced by a combination of 15% RW, 8% SF, and 20% BFS. The addition of SF and BFS as cement replacement improves the performance of mortars due to their filling effect and a pozzolanic reaction, which has been verified by a microstructural analysis.
43
Kanel, Sushil Raj, Heechul Choi, Ju-Yong Kim, Saravanamuthu Vigneswaran e Wang Geun Shim. "Removal of Arsenic(III) from Groundwater using Low-Cost Industrial By-products-Blast Furnace Slag". Water Quality Research Journal 41, n. 2 (1 maggio 2006): 130–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2006.015.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract Blast furnace slag (BFS), a steel industrial by-product, was tested for the removal of As(III), which is a highly toxic, mobile and predominant species in anoxic groundwater. Batch adsorption experiments were performed to determine the feasibility of BFS as an adsorbent for removing As(III) from groundwater as As(III) concentration and the pH of water were varied. The maximum As(III) adsorption capacity by BFS was 1.40 mg As(III)/g of BFS at 1 mg/L As(III) initial concentration, at 25°C, which was calculated using the Langmuir isotherm. The homogeneous surface diffusion model (HSDM) was successfully applied to predict the sorptive removal of As(III) onto the BFS. Kinetic studies indicated that the film diffusion as well as surface diffusion of As in the BFS was involved. It was found that the film diffusion coefficient (kf) was 5.27 × 10-5 to 4.06 × 10-6 m/s and surface diffusion coefficient (Ds) was 2.31 × 10-14 to 7.13 × 10-14 m2/s for the initial As(III) concentrations of 0.1 to 100 mg/L. Oxidation of As(III) to As(V) and its adsorption/precipitation onto BFS is involved during the As(III) removal mechanism. It was also found that H4SiO40, PO43-, NO3-, SO42- and HCO3- are potential interferences in the As(III) adsorption reaction. Results suggest that 99.9% As(III) at 1 mg/L can be removed by 10 g/L BFS, which can be used as a permeable reactive barrier (PRB) material to remove As(III) from groundwater. Details of As(III) adsorption and coprecipitation systems and interferences of As(III) molecular interactions were also studied.
44
Liu, Jinyan, Cheng Yi, Hongguang Zhu e Hongqiang Ma. "Property Comparison of Alkali-Activated Carbon Steel Slag (CSS) and Stainless Steel Slag (SSS) and Role of Blast Furnace Slag (BFS) Chemical Composition". Materials 12, n. 20 (11 ottobre 2019): 3307. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12203307.
Abstract (sommario):
In order to compare the properties of alkali-activated carbon steel slag (CSS) and stainless steel slag (SSS), the effects of sodium hydroxide/sodium silicate solution mass ratio (NH/NS), liquid/solid ratio and blast furnace slag (BFS) dosage on the compressive strength, hydration products and hydration degree of CSS and SSS were studied. Furthermore, a combination of X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermo-gravimetric analysis coupled with differential thermal analysis (TGA-DTA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS) were used to characterize the morphology and structure of alkali-activated CSS-BFS and SSS-BFS cementitious materials. As the results revealed, the primary hydrate of alkali-activated CSS and SSS is C-(A)-S-H with Q2 [SiO4] units, which has a low Ca/Si ratio and includes inert phases like a CaO-FeO-MnO-MgO solid solution (RO) in CSS while cuspidine, magnesiochromite etc. in SSS. More active C3S and β-C2S promote the alkali activation of CSS, whereas the less active γ-C2S hinders the depolymerization of SSS. The incorporation of BFS does not change the hydrate, whose seed effect is helpful for accelerating the depolymerization and polycondensation of CSS and SSS, especially for SSS, and makes the hydrate increase significantly. Owing to the high SiO2 and Al2O3 contents of SSS, the C-(A)-S-H chain length is increased, thus facilitating the polycondensation effect. In this study, the optimal NH/NS of CSS and SSS is NH/NS= 1:2, and the optimal liquid/solid ratio is 0.29. Compared to CSS–BFS, the C-(A)-S-H gel produced by SSS–BFS has lower Ca/Si and Al/Si ratios. Unlike CSS, pure SSS is inappropriate as an alkali-activated precursor and needs to be co-activated with BFS.
45
Lin, Shu-Ken, e Chung-Hao Wu. "Improvement of Bond Strength and Durability of Recycled Aggregate Concrete Incorporating High Volume Blast Furnace Slag". Materials 14, n. 13 (2 luglio 2021): 3708. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14133708.
Abstract (sommario):
This paper aims to experimentally investigate the effects of high volume cement replacement of blast furnace slag (BFS) on the bond, strength and durability of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC). Concrete mixtures were prepared containing 0%, 15%, 30%, 45%, 60% and 75% BFS with each of recycled aggregate and natural aggregate. Measurements of the compressive and bond strength, the resistance to chloride-ion penetration and the water permeability of concrete are reported. In addition, a microhardness test was also performed to evaluate the quality of interfacial transition zone (ITZ) in concrete. Test results of the bond strength and the compressive strength of RAC mixtures, in spite of the cement replacement amount with BFS, show that the concretes result in reduced strength when compared to natural aggregate concrete (NAC) mixtures, while the strength gains for the BFS-based concrete are higher than that of the reference mixtures without BFS at long-term ages. Incorporating BFS in concrete can inherently improve the durability properties by increasing higher resistance to chloride-ion penetration and lower water permeability. This improvement in the mechanical and durability properties of the BFS-based RAC mixture may be due to the additional pozzolanic reaction of BFS, which enhances the properties of ITZ in concrete, resulting in an improvement of the strength of concrete.
46
Li, Yu, Yan Bing Zong e Da Qiang Cang. "Effect of Phase Separation Structure on the Crystallization Property of Blast Furnace Slag". Advanced Materials Research 105-106 (aprile 2010): 787–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.105-106.787.
Abstract (sommario):
Performance of slag glass ceramic largely depends on the phase separation structure formed in heat treatment. In the paper, the crystallization properties and its relation with phase separation structure of blast furnace slag (BFS) are researched. Three water-quenched samples and an air-quenched sample were respectively prepared. After conducting temper experiments and analyzing XRD and DTA results, the following conclusions have been acquired. Two crystallization regions exist in BFS system. In parent glass with phase separation structure, Ca3Mg(SiO4)2 and Ca2MgSi2O7 would form at lower temperature but Ca2Al2Si2O7 would appear at higher temperature than that in parent glass with homogenous structure. The former contributes to the existence of lower polymerized [SiO4] units and more Ca2+ or Mg2+ in Ca-rich phase of phase separation glass, while the later is due to the diffusing hindrance of [AlO4] in diffusing path and interface resistance in phase separation structure.
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Lee, Sang Hyun, e Han Seung Lee. "A Study on the pH Value Changes of Blended Cement Paste According to the Carbonation". Key Engineering Materials 385-387 (luglio 2008): 625–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.385-387.625.
Abstract (sommario):
Life span of structures made with concrete was shortened by carbonation. This phenomenon makes pH in concrete lower. If pH value in concrete become below 10, rebar in concrete begin to be corroded. This pH value was effected by quantity of Ca(OH)2 that depends on cement types, hydration reaction and carbonation time. In this study, pH value and quantity of Ca(OH)2 in mortar which has blast furnace slag were tested according to hydration and carbonation time. As a test result, the more cement has blast furnace slag (BFS) and the longer carbonation time last, the lower pH value in mortar has. And using this quantitative analysis result of pH and Ca(OH)2, it may be used effectively when service life considering carbonation is predicted using FEMA.
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Jeong, Sumi, Jusung Kim, Hojin Kim e Sungyu Park. "Carbonation Resistance of Mortar Mixed with Electrolysis Alkaline Aqueous Solution and Blast Furnace Slag". Applied Sciences 13, n. 2 (9 gennaio 2023): 900. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13020900.
Abstract (sommario):
Cement production is the primary source of global CO2 emissions in the construction industry. Blast furnace slag (BFS) has been examined as a potential substitute for cement to reduce CO2 emissions. In addition, this substitution increases the long-term strength and improves the chemical resistance of mortar. However, a glassy film is formed on the surface of BFS while it is generated as a byproduct, lowering the initial strength of mortar. Notably, this film is destroyed in an alkaline environment. Thus, several studies have used solutions with various alkali activators. However, alkali activators are unsafe, as they are strong alkaline materials, and have low economic efficiency. This study experimentally improved the initial hydration reactivity of a mortar containing BFS as a substitute for cement, thereby improving its initial strength. We observed an increase in carbonation resistance. In addition, this study focused on evaluating the compressive strength and carbonation resistance of mortar prepared using BFS and alkaline water obtained from the electrolysis of a K2CO3 electrolyte. Results show that alkali-activated mortar using an electrolyzed alkaline aqueous solution has higher strength and contains more hydration products than that using conventional mixing water.
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Wu, Xiaoxin, Rui Zhan, Lili Liu, Jinjing Lan, Ning Zhao e Zhiping Wang. "Phosphorus Adsorption on Blast Furnace Slag with Different Magnetism and Its Potential for Phosphorus Recovery". Water 14, n. 16 (9 agosto 2022): 2452. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14162452.
Abstract (sommario):
Phosphorus (P) is one of the essential nutrients for all life but also is involved in the major factor of water eutrophication. This study aimed to investigate a low-cost approach for highly efficient P removal and recovery from wastewater with blast furnace slag (BFS) as the adsorbent. The adsorption characteristics were consistent with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm (q0 0.1370~0.3848 mg/g) and quasi-secondary kinetic model (R2 = 0.9986~0.9997), suggesting monomolecular-layer chemical adsorption might be the dominant pathway. According to the determination of scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectroscopy, P was distributed uniformly with other elements in the surface of BFS and even formed needle-like crystals. This indicated that P might be also further deposited in the surface of BFS after the initially chemical adsorption via coordination with the active sites, which led to the slow accumulation of P along with the adsorption experiments. The binding energy and atomic composition analysis of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that phosphate mainly existed as HPO42− in the surface of BFS, especially for those non-magnetic particles with relative low Fe content (<30%), indicating the preference of P to the hydroxyl basic sites. Compared with those magnetic particles, the adsorption capacity of the non-magnetic particles was larger and could be restored more easily with the elution of sulfate acid, resulting in about two times the P recovery capability. Based on the P adsorption mechanism in the surface of BFS, the operation conditions of the BFS adsorption column for P recovery were optimized in an alkaline condition with a low phosphate concentration and long residual time. Therefore, non-magnetic BFS with small size could be used to recover P resources from rural wastewater with low P concentration and facilitated the on-site reuse of P resources in rural districts.
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Li, Yu, XiaoMing Liu, HengHu Sun e DaQiang Cang. "Mechanism of phase separation in BFS (blast furnace slag) glass phase". Science China Technological Sciences 54, n. 1 (30 dicembre 2010): 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11431-010-4109-y.