Bibliografie tematiche / Black Radical Tradition

Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Black Radical Tradition"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 26 luglio 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Black Radical Tradition"

Knight, F. "The black radical tradition". Patterns of Prejudice 36, n. 2 (aprile 2002): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/003132202128811439.

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Franklin, V. P., e Cedric J. Robinson. "Black Marxism: The Making of the Black Radical Tradition". Phylon (1960-) 47, n. 3 (1986): 250. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/274994.

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Robinson, Cedric J. "Black Marxism: The Making of the Black Radical Tradition". Labour / Le Travail 16 (1985): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25142575.

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Marable, M. "History, Liberalism, and the Black Radical Tradition". Radical History Review 1998, n. 71 (1 aprile 1998): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/01636545-1998-71-19.

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Ferguson, Roderick A. "Ode to the Black Bouquinistes: Bibliomaniacs of the Black Radical Tradition". CLA Journal 60, n. 4 (2017): 399–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/caj.2017.0016.

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Bonnett, Alastair. "Book Review: Black Marxism: The making of the Black radical tradition". Progress in Human Geography 25, n. 3 (settembre 2001): 504–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030913250102500324.

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Pulido, Laura, e Juan De Lara. "Reimagining ‘justice’ in environmental justice: Radical ecologies, decolonial thought, and the Black Radical Tradition". Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space 1, n. 1-2 (marzo 2018): 76–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2514848618770363.

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In this article, we rethink the spatial and racial politics of the environmental justice movement in the United States by linking it to abolitionist theories that have emerged from the Black Radical Tradition, to critical theories of urban ecology, and to decolonial epistemologies rooted in the geopolitics of Las Americas. More specifically, we argue that environmental justice organizing among multi-racial groups is an extension of the Black Radical Tradition's epistemic legacy and historical commitment to racial justice. The article is divided into two parts. First, we review how this remapping of environmental justice through the lens of the Black Radical Tradition and decolonial border thinking reshapes our understanding of anti-racist organizing. Part of our remapping includes an examination of African American and Latinx social movement organizing to reveal how such geographies of interracial solidarity can reframe abolitionist politics to take nature and space seriously. In the second part of the article, we present a series of maps that illustrate the geography, temporality, and inter-racial solidarity between Chicanx social movement organizations and the Black Radical Tradition. Our mapping includes identifying sites of interracial convergence that have explicitly and implicitly deployed abolitionist imaginaries to combat the production of racialized capitalist space. We use environmental justice to argue for a model of abolitionist social movement organizing that invites interracial convergence by imagining urban political ecologies that are free of the death-dealing spaces necessary for racial capitalism to thrive.

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Smethurst, James. "Claudia Jones, the West Indian Gazette and Afro-Asian-Caribbean News and the Rise of a New Black Radicalism in the UK and US". Science & Society 87, n. 2 (aprile 2023): 261–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/siso.2023.87.2.261.

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In recent years, considerable scholarly attention has been paid to the Black Communist Claudia Jones as a progenitor of Black radical feminist notions of intersectionality. In Britain, Jones has also been hailed as an important part of the Black British political and cultural radical tradition. Less studied is how Jones brought a U. S. Black Left institution-building sensibility to the UK, particularly as embodied in the West Indian Gazette and Afro-Asian-Caribbean News (WIG) newspaper, helping to lay the foundation for the growth of Black Power and Black Arts in the UK. In turn, Jones and WIG brought to Black radicals in the U. S. a renewed sense of Black internationalism inspired by Africa's crossroads and its diaspora in London and other major British cities.

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Gordon, Avery F. "The Black radical tradition and the academy: The future of radical scholarship". Race & Class 47, n. 2 (ottobre 2005): 82–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306396805058086.

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Rice, AJ. "Political Economy and the Tradition of Radical Black Study". Souls 22, n. 1 (2 gennaio 2020): 44–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10999949.2020.1804805.

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Tesi sul tema "Black Radical Tradition"

Carter, Issac Martel. "The discourse of the divine| Radical traditions of Black feminism, musicking, and myth within the Black public sphere (Civil Rights to the present)". Thesis, Florida Atlantic University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3730733.

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The Discourse of the Divine: Radical Traditions of Black Feminism, Musicking, and Myth within the Black Public Sphere (Civil Rights to the Present) is an exploration of the historical precursors and the contemporary developments of Black feminism in America, via Black female musical production and West and Central African cosmology. Historical continuity and consciousness of African spirituality within the development of Black feminism are analyzed alongside the musical practices of two Black female musicians, Nina Simone and Me’shell Ndegéocello. Simone and Ndegéocello, The High Priestess of Soul and the Mother of Neo-Soul, respectively, distend the commodified confines of Black music and identity by challenging the established norms of music and knowledge production. These artists’ lyrics, politics, and representations substantiate the “Signifyin(g)” elements of West and Central African feminist mythologies and musicmaking traditions.

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Reyes, Alvaro Andres. "Can't Go Home Again: Sovereign Entanglements and the Black Radical Tradition in the Twentieth Century". Diss., 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10161/1346.

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This dissertation investigates the relation between the formation of "Blackness" and the Western tradition of sovereignty through the works of late twentieth century Black Radical theorists. I most specifically examine the work of Stokely Carmichael, Amiri Baraka, Frantz Fanon, and Huey P. Newton in order to delineate a shift within Black Radicalism which, due to an intense de-linking of Black nationalism from the concept of territorial sovereignty throughout the 1960s and early 1970s led to the formation of a new subjectivity ("Blackness") oriented against and beyond the Western tradition of political sovereignty as a whole.

This dissertation begins by outlining the parameters of the concept of sovereignty as well as its relation to conquest, coloniality, and racialization more generally. I then examine the formation of Black Power as an expression of anti-colonial sentiments present within the United States and uncover there the influence of W.E.B. DuBois' concept of double-consciousness. I then further examine the concept of Black Power through the work of Amiri Baraka and his notion of "Blackness" as the proximity to "home." Each of these expositions of Black Power are undertaken in order to better understand the era of Black Power and its relation to both Black nationalism and the Western tradition of sovereignty.

Next, I turn to the work of Frantz Fanon, whom I claim prepares the way for the idea of "Blackness" as an ontological resistance beyond, not only the territorial imperative, but also the logic of sovereignty more generally. This notion of "Blackness" as an antidote to sovereign logic present within the work of Fanon allows me to turn to the work of Huey P. Newton in order to demonstrate his conceptualization of "Blackness" as an antagonistic subjectivity within a fully globalized society whose onset he had theorized and which he termed "empire." I conclude by drawing on each of the above theorists as well as the work of Angela Davis in order to build a retrospective summary of this alternative lineage of the Black Radical Tradition and its importance for the conceptualization of resistances to and life beyond our contemporary society.

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"Revolution, romanticism, and reform: The Afro-Creole protest tradition in the origins of radical Republican leadership, 1718-1868". Tulane University, 1993.

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In nineteenth century New Orleans Afro-Creole leaders, like their free black counterparts in other regions of the Americas, emerged from the age of democratic revolution with mounting expectations of social and political equality. Given the democratic ideals embodied in the founding principles of the new American republic, they anticipated the extinction of racial oppression after the Louisiana Purchase Contrary to their expectations, however, the process of Americanization negated the ideals of the revolutionary era. Instead of moving toward freedom and racial equality, the new government promoted the evolution of an increasingly harsh slave regime which, in the end, prohibited emancipation and threatened free blacks with enslavement. During the repression of the antebellum decades, a government policy of relegating all blacks to a single and subservient caste counteracted class divisions within the Afro-Creole community. Sustained by a keen sense of ethnic solidarity, slaveholding as well as nonslaveholding Creoles developed an intense antagonism toward the new regime Joined by disaffected whites who resented the increasing dominance of Louisiana's planter oligarchy, the highly politicized black Creole intelligentsia nurtured the idealism of the revolutionary age. They tapped the ongoing current of political radicalism in nineteenth century Europe and the Americas After federal troops occupied the city in 1862, they demanded the abolition of slavery and equal rights. With the war's end, they proposed to transform state government. Together with their white allies, they devised a blueprint for the reorganization of the state. The plan, drawn up by the biracial, radical Republican platform committee during the summer of 1867, assured black Louisianians, whether born slave or free, of an equal share of elective and appointive political offices as well as equal access to public accommodations Before their political enemies derailed their attempts to revolutionize their society and government, black Creole radicals succeeded in transforming the symbolic ideals of Liberte, Eqalite, Fraternite into an aggressive campaign for meaningful change. Though their dream of a utopian millennia of racial justice and harmony far exceeded what their state and their nation were willing to concede, they assured, by their actions, the survival of their protest tradition
acase@tulane.edu

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Glick, Jeremy. "'Taking up arms against a sea of troubles' tragedy as history and genre in the black radical tradition". 2007. http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.2/rucore10001600001.ETD.16066.

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Carstens, Christoffel. "Invloed van televisie op die verwestersingsproses by die Swart adolessent". Thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/16335.

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Libri sul tema "Black Radical Tradition"

Robinson, Cedric J. Black marxism: The making of the Black radical tradition. Chapel Hill, N.C: University of North Carolina Press, 2000.

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Moten, Fred. In the break: The aesthetics of the Black radical tradition. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2003.

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Rabaka, Reiland. Africana critical theory: Reconstructing the black radical tradition, from W.E.B. Du Bois and C.L.R. James to Frantz Fanon and Amilcar Cabral. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2009.

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Grey, Erin, Ben Mabie e Asad Haider. Black Radical Tradition: A Reader. Verso Books, 2020.

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Grey, Erin, Ben Mabie e Asad Haider. Black Radical Tradition: A Reader. Verso Books, 2020.

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Vesely-Flad, Rima. Black Buddhists and the Black Radical Tradition. NYU Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479810482.001.0001.

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This book uplifts the distinctive voices and practices of Black people who embrace the religious tradition of Buddhism. The central thesis is that Buddhist teachings and practices liberate Black people from psychological suffering. Black liberation depends on healing intergenerational trauma, and forms of Buddhism facilitate the process of attaining inner freedom. In the practice of Buddhist teachings, meditators cultivate the capacity to see external causes and conditions, identify habitual patterns and refrain from harmful reactivity, and deconstruct false, degrading messages imparted in a white supremacist social order. A second argument is that Buddhist teachings (known as the dharma) practiced by Black Buddhists emphasize different aspects of Buddhism than are experienced in white convert Buddhist communities (known as sanghas), especially in devotional practices to ancestors and in prioritizing community uplift. A third argument is that the socially vilified Black body is, for Black Buddhists, a profound and reclaimed vehicle for liberation. In focusing on embodiment, Black Buddhists uplift the importance of feeling sensuality and joy. A fourth and final argument is that each of these core assertions fulfills the quest for psychological liberation in the Black Radical Tradition.

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WILL OF FIRE Black Radicals and the Radical Tradition. Alpha Books United, 2022.

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Hamilton, Cynthia. WILL of FIRE Black Radicals and the Radical Tradition. Alpha Books United, 2022.

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Hamilton, Cynthia. WILL OF FIRE Black Radicals and the Radical Tradition. Alpha Books United, 2022.

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Robinson, Cedric J. Black Marxism: The Making of the Black Radical Tradition. Penguin Books, Limited, 2021.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Black Radical Tradition"

kioni-sadiki, déqui. "Black August: A Black Radical Tradition". In Care, Climate, and Debt, 27–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-96355-2_3.

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Gaines, Kevin K. "African American Expatriates in Ghana and the Black Radical Tradition". In Transnational Blackness, 293–300. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230615397_21.

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Gibson, Helen A. "Granny Midwives' Epistemic and Embodied Care". In K'Universale - Interdisziplinäre Diskurse zu Fragen der Zeit, 303–16. Bielefeld, Germany: transcript Verlag, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/9783839461013-016.

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Helen A. Gibson analyzes granny (Grand) midwives' epistemic and embodied care as a disruption of racialized capitalism with cosmic significance. Superseding temporalities of crisis, granny midwives practiced what Calvin Warren calls spiritual breath (à la Ashon Crawley's theorization) and thinking as the same. This poisis speaks to Black feminist and Womanist historiographical interventions, such as those by Saidiya Hartman, Jennifer L. Morgan, and Alys Weinbaum, of the solidarity-laden mode of living known as the Black radical tradition.

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McClure, Daniel Robert. "“Who Will Survive in America?”: Gil Scott-Heron, the Black Radical Tradition, and the Critique of Neoliberalism". In Broadening the Contours in the Study of Black Politics, 3–26. New Brunswick, New Jersey : Transaction Publishers, 2015. | Volume 17:2: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315081946-2.

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Mayberry, Nicole K. "Colorblind Racism and One-Dimensionality: Imagining Marcusean Conditions of Freedom Through the Black Radical Tradition". In The Dialectics of Liberation in Dark Times, 239–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-22488-1_11.

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Viola, Michael Joseph. "We made the road for walking and now we must run: Paulo Freire, the Black Radical Tradition, and the inroads to make beyond racial capitalism". In Paulo Freire Centennial, 40–50. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003413028-7.

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Vesely-Flad, Rima. "The Tradition of Buddhism". In Black Buddhists and the Black Radical Tradition, 35–67. NYU Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479810482.003.0002.

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Chapter 1 provides a social history of Buddhism, including the story of the Buddha’s enlightenment and the spread of Buddhism throughout Asia. It explains the emergence of three distinct lineages—Theravada, Mahayana, and Vajrayana—and uplifts the figure of the Bodhisattva. This chapter furthermore chronicles Western engagement with Buddhism, including the development of a nineteenth-century Orientalist lens, Buddhist monastics’ resistance to colonialism, and a set of “streamlined” teachings on meditation adopted by adherents from the United States. This chapter further outlines how white Western practitioners married psychology with Buddhism while dismissing “cultural” practices, leading scholars to designate the emergence of “two Buddhisms” operating in the United States. Critical scholars, in turn, have identified practices of racism and cultural appropriation in American Buddhism and complex dynamics among Asian and Black practitioners. This chapter concludes with the meaning of liberation for Black Buddhist writers, whose publications have significantly expanded since 2016.

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"Gendering the black radical tradition". In Revolutionary lives of the Red and Black Atlantic since 1917. Manchester University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.7765/9781526144799.00012.

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Vesely-Flad, Rima. "Turning toward External Conditions". In Black Buddhists and the Black Radical Tradition, 136–67. NYU Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479810482.003.0005.

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Chapter 4 uplifts Black Radical ancestors and examines the history of embracing psychological liberation in Black communities, drawing on three traditions within Black Radicalism: the Pan-African and Black Power Movements, the Black Church Tradition, and the Black Feminist Movement. All of these traditions, in various forms, have strongly influenced the thinking and practices of contemporary Black Buddhist practitioners. The Black Power Movement emphasized communal uplift and care, particularly programs that offered free breakfasts for children, medical care for members of the community, and schools that taught messages of freedom. The Black Church Tradition emphasizes the Spirit and dance and remains important for Black Buddhists who were raised in church communities and often stay connected to the church even as they join sanghas. Finally, contemporary Black Buddhists are highly indebted to the Black Feminist Tradition, particularly its emphasis on intersectionality, interpersonal dynamics between Black men and women, and violent state oppression. The writings of Audre Lorde, bell hooks, and Alice Walker are particularly influential.

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Vesely-Flad, Rima. "Love and Liberation". In Black Buddhists and the Black Radical Tradition, 230–70. NYU Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479810482.003.0008.

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Chapter 7 illuminates how love and liberation are at the heart of Buddhism and the Black Radical Tradition. While there are marked differences within these traditions, there are identifiable confluences in these traditions’ emphases on political, psychological, and spiritual liberation. Buddhism, as it has developed in the West, emphasizes clear seeing and skillfully relating to the conditions of suffering as core aspects of psychological liberation. Black Radicalism uplifts the safety, protection, and wellness of Black communities. This chapter argues that in practicing the dharma, Black Buddhists fulfill the Black Radical quest for psychological liberation by practicing teachings that foster clearly seeing the false constructs of white supremacy, offering skillful responses to suffering, and cultivating love for Blackness and Black communities.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Black Radical Tradition"

Siyuan, Chen, Lin Fei, Shu Xuedao, Li Zixuan, Xu Haijie, Zuo Jinrong, Wang Ying e Deng Yimin. "Research on Integrated Forming Process of Flange Nuts by Three-Roll Skew Rolling and Piercing". In ASME 2023 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2023-114892.

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Abstract In order to realize the high-quality production of large-size flange nuts, a new integrated forming process of flange nut blank by three-roll skew rolling and piercing is proposed in this paper. Different from the traditional hot upsetting and forging process, this new process integrates perforation and flange forming, and the whole process goes through the perforation stage and the reducing stage. Based on Simufact.Forming 15.0, the finite element simulation model forming flange nuts by three-roll skew rolling and piercing was established, and the feasibility and forming law of flange nut blank manufactured by the new process were explored. Seven main process parameters (speed of the barrel roller, feed angle of the barrel roller, plug advance, speed of the disc roller, feed angle of the disc roller, radial feed speed of the disc roller, axial traction speed of the chuck) were selected and imported into the simulation model for single factor analysis. The influence of different process parameters on the force and energy parameters of the piercing section and the forming section was explored, and the feasibility of forming the flange nut blank by the three-roll skew rolling and piercing process was verified.

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Pileggi, Paolo, Elena Lazovik, Ron Snijders, Lars-Uno Axelsson, Sietse Drost, Giulio Martinelli, Max de Grauw e Joris Graff. "A Lesson on Operationalizing Machine Learning for Predictive Maintenance of Gas Turbines". In ASME Turbo Expo 2021: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2021-59249.

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Abstract OEMs, service providers and end-users are moving from preventative to predictive maintenance to minimize the risk of unwanted power plant shut-downs and to maximize profitability. Digital Twin and Machine Learning (ML) are important techniques in this transformation as it complements and improves the traditional expert-based knowledge systems. There is a continued trend to use data-driven, so-called black-box, ML techniques as an improvement over traditional statistical approaches. However, these ML approaches suffer from low interpretability or explainability, making it hard to trust how or why a certain anomaly in the system is detected, limiting the trust in the prediction and making it much less likely to identify the real original cause of the problem. In this paper, we present our lesson learnt from operationalizing ML in a real-world use case that studied data from the 1.85 MWe OPRA OP16 all radial single-shaft gas turbine. We comment on the unforeseen obstacles we uncovered during our ML anomaly detection application and juxtapose them with the high potential value that our novel ML applications and explanation method can provide. ML may be enticing for the predictive maintenance of gas turbines but our lesson makes it clear that operationalizing ML goes beyond merely algorithm specifics. In line with the nature of the Digital Twin, it requires careful consideration of the specialized IT system supporting the algorithm, and the specific process it supports and in which it is deployed.

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Agata Kantarek, Anna, e Ivor Samuels. "Nowa Huta, Krakow, Poland. Old Urbanism, New Urbanism?" In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.6463.

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This paper considers the first stage of Nova Huta New Town built near Krakow in the 1950s. In contrast to UK and US new settlements of the post war period it is a high density apartment block development which was ignored in the literature for more than half a century because its design, based on a system of streets, is in contrast with contemporary forms of development, either low density garden city or higher density free standing apartment blocks. A discussion of its neglect and the recent rediscovery of its qualities, both in Poland and by exponents of the US New Urbanism (part of the Urban Morphology spectrum somewhat neglected by ISUF) leads to a systematic investigation of the development, its influences and how this project conceived in a radically different political and economic context, matches or departs from the tenets of the Charter for the New Urbanism. The extent to which the context has determined the differences leads to a conclusion discussing the enduring qualities and contemporary relevance of inherited urban forms. References: Biedrzycka A., Chyb A., Fryźlewicz M. (ed.) Nowa Huta - architektura i twórcy miasta idealnego. Niezrealizowane projekty, Muzeum Historyczne Miasta Krakowa, Kraków 2006. Gauthier,P. and J. Gilliland (2006), ‘Mapping urban morphology: a classification scheme for interpreting contributions to the study of urban form’, Urban Morphology 10.1, 41-50 Hatherley, O.(2015) Landscapes of Communism. A history through buildings (Allen Lane,London). Juchnowicz, S. (2005) ‘Nowa Huta-przeszłość i wizja. Z doświadczeń warsaztatu projektowego in Nowa Huta-przyszłość i wizja’. Studium muzeum rozprosznego, Biblioteka Krzysztoforska, Krakow. Lisowski, B. (1968) Modern architecture in Poland (Polonia Publishing House, Warsaw). Plater Zyberk, E. (2015) ‘Traditional urbanism: design policy and case studies’. in Jeleński et al eds. Tradition and heritage in the contemporary image of the city, Volume 1, Wyd. Politechniki Krakowskiej, Krakow. p160-171. The Congress for the New Urbanism (1999) Charter of the New Urbanism (1999) (https://www.cnu.org/who-we-are/charter-new-urbanism) accessed 4 January 2017. Wyrozumski J. (eds.) Narodziny Nowej Huty Towarzystwo Miłośników Historii i Zabytków Krakowa, Kraków, 1999.

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Li, Jian, Xianglin Zhan, Shili Chen, Jingchang Zhuge, Shijiu Jin, Likun Wang e Pengchao Chen. "An Automatic Flaw Identification Method for Defect Inspection of Pipeline Girth Weld". In 2008 7th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2008-64273.

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Various types of defect may be formed in girth welds of long-distance pipeline in the process of welding. They are hidden dangers to pipeline transportation safety. Currently, ultrasonic phased array instrument is commonly adopted for quick automatic positioning and quantitative analysis of flaws in the girth weld after welding. But as for qualitative analysis – flaw classification, traditional manual identification method is still used. By traditional method, human-made error is easily introduced and classification result is depended on the detection experiences of the inspecting person. To overcome these deficiencies, a new method combined second generation wavelet transform (SGWT) with Radial Basis Function neural network (RBFN) is proposed in this paper, realizing automatic flaw classification and reducing human factors impaction. SGWT is ideally matched local characteristics of the flaw signal, improving both the computational speed and flaw classification efficiency. Then, based on the “energy-status” feature extraction method and the above SGWT analysis, feature eigenvectors of the flaw signals are extracted, training the following RBFN. And then when the feature of any flaw is extracted, it can be recognized by the network. The output of the network is the type of the input flaw signal, realizing automatic flaw classification. Finally, an ultrasonic phased array inspection system is described. The system is integrated with automatic flaw detection and classification. Experiments are tested on a long-distance pipeline girth weld block with artificial defects in it. The results validate that the proposed method is efficient, which is helpful to increasing inspection speed and reliability of flaw inspection for long-distance pipeline girth welds.

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Pigazzi, Riccardo, Chiara Confalonieri, Marco Rossoni, Elisabetta Gariboldi e Giorgio Colombo. "Ontologies As a Tool for Design and Material Engineers". In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-24042.

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Abstract Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs), initially conceptualized in the ’80, have recently attracted a great research interest thanks to the advent of additive manufacturing (AM) technologies. AM permits to gradationally varying the spatial composition or porosity inside an object resulting in a corresponding spatial change in material properties. The data about this new class of materials are radically different from the traditional engineering materials and require information about the object geometry. Moreover, traditional methods for product design are not sufficient to represent heterogeneous objects. The full exploitation of these technologies requires the synergy of material science, product modeling and manufacturing domain. Ontologies can play a crucial role for the integration, making the information accessible and understandable to both experts from different domains and machines. In this paper, a prototypical ontology for the characterization of FGM objects is proposed. Firstly, an already existing FGM ontology is analyzed, highlighting shortcomings and possible improvements. Then, the new ontology is proposed, focusing on the classes and relationships for accommodating material knowledge and geometrical information. The core idea, retrieved from the literature on heterogeneous object representation and transposed in an ontological fashion, is based on the mapping between the geometrical 3D space and the n-dimensional material space. After presenting the new ontology, a benchmark case study is described to test the effectiveness of this approach along with some competency questions an engineer might be interested in. The proposed ontology represents a first, crucial building block for a more complex system aiming to support the communication and knowledge sharing among different actors in engineering.

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Liu, Yuxin, Gaowen Liu, Xiaozhi Kong e Qing Feng. "Design and Numerical Analysis of a New Type of Pre-Swirl Nozzle". In ASME Turbo Expo 2016: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2016-56738.

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Pre-swirl nozzle is regarded as an important part of preswirl system. Theoretical analysis shows that the temperature drop of pre-swirl system directly relates to the pre-swirl effectiveness of nozzle. When the inlet and outlet pressure are given, there are three ways to improve the nozzle pre-swirl effectiveness. Firstly, increase the discharge coefficient by optimizing the geometry of nozzle; secondly, decrease the preswirl angle; thirdly, minimize the deviation angle of outlet flow to decrease the actual throat area and then increase the tangential velocity. A new kind of pre-swirl nozzle called vane shaped hole (VSH) nozzle was presented and designed in this paper. The vane height/ pitch ratio of VSH nozzle could be adjusted to an appropriate value, which made its performance of acceleration and deflection better than that of cascade vane nozzle. With the same throat area, radial location and pre-swirl angle (15°), the performance of VSH nozzle was numerically analyzed and compared with three other traditional ones at pressure ratio range 1.1∼1.9, and Reynolds number range 1×105∼5×105. The three traditional nozzles were the simple drilled nozzle, aerodynamic nozzle and cascade vane nozzle. To consider the mixing and rotating influence in the pre-swirl cavity downstream of nozzle, the rotating pre-swirl cavity and receiver hole were included in the computational models. Entropy generation analysis was also made for each nozzle to assess the source of irreversibility. Numerical results show that the discharge coefficient of aerodynamic nozzle increase 13.7% compared with that of simple drilled nozzle owing to the smaller pressure gradient at nozzle inlet. For cascade vane nozzle, pressure gradient generated in the course of acceleration and deflection would decrease due to the well-designed vane profile. The discharge coefficient of cascade vane nozzle can be as high as 0.97, whereas the preswirl effectiveness is only 0.86 because of a large deviation angle ( 2.42°). For VSH nozzle, higher vane height/pitch ratio and close to zero trailing edge radius lead to a further decrease of endwall secondary flow loss and trailing edge loss, which results in a very small deviation angle ( 0.56°). Consequently, the pre-swirl effectiveness of VSH nozzle is about 8% higher than that of cascade vane nozzle, though the discharge coefficient is about 5% lower. Since the volume of solid block in VSH is bigger than the volume of vane in cascade vane nozzle, which could reduce the difficulty in manufacturing but increase the total weight. Thus, the final nozzle design should comprehensively consider the aerodynamic performance, cost, manufacturing, and stress constraints.

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Wang, J. W., T. K. Guo, Z. Q. Qu, M. Chen, X. D. Wang e X. Q. Liu. "3D Numerical Simulation of Methane Deflagration Fracturing in Vertical Well for Shale Gas Reservoir Based on CDEM". In 57th U.S. Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium. ARMA, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56952/arma-2023-0465.

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ABSTRACT Methane deflagration fracturing is a kind of reservoir stimulation technology for shale gas reservoirs. A 3D numerical model is established based on the continuum–discontinuum element method (CDEM) to study the fracture propagation laws of methane deflagration fracturing fracture. The linear elastic constitutive is applied to the block element, the tensile-shear composite constitutive considering strain softening is applied to the interface element to simulate rock fracture, and the Landau model is applied to describe the deflagration pressure change. The correctness of the model is verified by comparing it with the blast fracturing experiment of a cement rock sample. Then, the 3D numerical simulations are carried out to study the deflagration fracture mechanism. The results indicate that methane deflagration fracturing forms complex fractures around the borehole, with shear fracture dominating and a few tensile radial fractures. Influenced by the stress difference, the fracture range in the direction σH is larger than that in the direction σh, forming an approximate elliptic cylinder deflagration fracture zone. The effects of rock elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, peak pressure, and pressurization rate on the reservoir crack and fracture range are positively correlated, while the influence of initial minimum principal stress, stress difference, reservoir tensile strength, and cohesion on deflagration fracturing is negatively correlated. Among them, the most sensitive influencing factors are the deflagration peak pressure and the initial minimum principal stress, and the influences of the reservoir rock physical and mechanical parameters are not significant. INTRODUCTION The efficient development of shale gas reservoirs greatly depends on the progress of hydraulic fracturing technology, and in recent years, technical systems such as volume fracturing, factory fracturing of the horizontal well group, and temporary plugging re-fracturing have been gradually formed (Guo et al., 2018; Guo et al., 2014; Li et al., 2020; Liu et al., 2020; Qu et al., 2021; Zhou et al., 2019). However, for deep–ultra-deep marine shale gas reservoirs and continental–marine-continental transitional shale gas reservoirs, the application of traditional hydraulic fracturing technology has encountered bottlenecks due to large in-situ stress or severe hydration damage (Dong et al., 2021; He et al., 2020; Zhao et al., 2021). There is a need to develop reservoir enhancement techniques with high peak pressures and little or no water, such as deflagration fracturing (Middleton et al., 2015; Wei et al., 2018; Zhai et al., 2018). Deflagration fracturing (called high-energy gas fracturing), is first developed and tested by Sandia National Laboratories in the late 1970s (Schmidt et al., 1980). A propellant gas generator is used to control the deflagration process, generating a suitable peak pressure and action time. Compared to hydraulic fracturing, the peak pressure is higher and the action time is shorter.

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Adamou, Adamos, e Colin Copeland. "Experimental and Computational Analysis of Additive Manufactured Augmented Backside Liner Cooling Surfaces for Use in Micro Gas Turbines". In ASME Turbo Expo 2020: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2020-14960.

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Abstract Augmented backside cooling refers to the enhancement of the backside convection of a combustor liner using extended heat transfer surfaces to fully utilise the cooling air by maximising the heat transfer to pumping ratio characteristic. Although film cooling has and still is widely used in the gas turbine industry, augmented backside cooling has been in development for decades now. The reason for this, is to reduce the amount of air used for liner cooling and to also reduce the emissions caused by using film cooling in the primary zones. In the case of micro gas turbines, emissions are of even greater importance, since the regulations for such engines will most likely become stricter in the following years due to a global effort to reduce emission. Furthermore, the liners investigated in this paper are for a 10 kWe micro turbine, destine for various potential markets, such as combine heat and power for houses, EV hybrids and even small UAVs. The majority of these markets require long service intervals, which in turn requires the combustor liners to be under the least amount of thermal stress possible. The desire to also increase combustor inlet temperatures with the use of recuperated exhaust gases, which in turn increase the overall system efficiency, limits the cooling effectiveness of the inlet air. Due to all these reasons, an advanced form of augmented backside cooling would be of substantial significance in such a system. Currently some very simple designs are used in the form of straight plain fins, transverse strips or other similar geometries, but the creation of high heat transfer efficiency surfaces in such small sizes becomes very difficult with traditional subtractive manufacturing methods. When using additive manufacturing though these types of surfaces are not an issue. This paper covers the comparison of experimental results with conjugate heat transfer CFD models and empirical heat balance models for two different AM liner cooling geometries and an AM blank liner. The two cooling fin geometries include a rotating plain fin and an offset strip fin. The liners were tested in an AM built reverse flow radial swirl stabilised combustion chamber at a variety of operating conditions. During the experiments the surfaces were compared using a thermal camera to record the outer liner temperature which was viewed through a quartz outer casing. The experimental results showed that the cooling surfaces were effective at reducing the liner temperatures with minimal pressure losses for multiple operating points. Those results were then compared against the conjugate heat transfer CFD models and the empirical calculations used to design the surfaces initially. From this comparison, it was noticed both the CFD and empirical calculations under predicted the wall temperatures. This is thought to be due to inaccuracies in the predicted flame temperatures and the assumed emissivity values used to calibrate the thermal imaging camera. Further uncertainties arise from the assumption of a constant air and hot gas temperature and mass flow along the cooling surfaces and the lack of data for the surface roughness of the parts.

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Lourenço, Pedro, Hugo Costa, João Branco, Pierre-Loïc Garoche, Arash Sadeghzadeh, Jonathan Frey, Gianluca Frison, Anthea Comellini, Massimo Barbero e Valentin Preda. "Verification & validation of optimisation-based control systems: methods and outcomes of VV4RTOS". In ESA 12th International Conference on Guidance Navigation and Control and 9th International Conference on Astrodynamics Tools and Techniques. ESA, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5270/esa-gnc-icatt-2023-155.

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VV4RTOS is an activity supported by the European Space Agency aimed at the development and validation of a framework for the verification and validation of spacecraft guidance, navigation, and control (GNC) systems based on embedded optimisation, tailored to handle different layers of abstraction, from guidance and control (G&C) requirements down to hardware level. This is grounded on the parallel design and development of real-time optimisation-based G&C software, allowing to concurrently identify, develop, consolidate, and validate a set of engineering practices and analysis & verification tools to ensure safe code execution of the designed G&C software as test cases but aimed at streamlining general industrial V&V processes. This paper presents: 1) a review of the challenges and the state-of-the-art of formal verification methods applicable to optimization-based software; 2) the implementation for an embedded application and the analysis from a V&V standpoint of a conic optimization solver; 3) the technical approach devised towards and enhanced V&V process; and 4) experimental results up to processor-in-the-loop tests and conclusions. In general, this activity aims to contribute to the widespread usage of convex optimisation-based techniques across the space industry by 1) augmenting the traditional GNC software Design & Development Verification & Validation (DDVV) methodologies to explicitly address iterative embedded optimisation algorithms that are paramount for the success of new and extremely relevant space applications (from powered landing to active debris removal, from actuator allocation to attitude guidance & control) guaranteeing safe, reliable, repeatable, and accurate execution of the SW; and 2) consolidating the necessary tools for the fast prototyping and qualification of G&C software, grounded on strong theoretical foundations for the solution of convex optimisation problems generated by posing, discretization, convexification, and transcription of nonlinear nonconvex optimal control problems to online-solvable optimisation problems. Sound guidelines are provided for the high-to-low level translation of mission requirements and objectives aiming at their interfacing with verifiable embedded solvers tailored for the underlying hardware and exploiting the structure present in the common optimisation/optimal control problems. To fulfil this mandate, two avenues of research and development were followed: the development of a benchmarking framework with optimisation-based G&C and the improvement of the V&V process – two radical advances with respect to traditional GNC DDVV. On the first topic, the new optimisation-based hierarchy was exploited, from high-level requirements and objectives that can be mathematically posed as optimal control problems, themselves organised in different levels of abstraction, complexity, and time-criticality depending on how close to the actuator level they are. The main line of this work is then focused on the core component of optimisation-based G&C – the optimisation solver – starting with a formal analysis of its mathematical properties that allowed to identify meaningful requirements for V&V, and, concurrently, with a thorough, step-by-step, design and implementation for embedding in a space target board. This application-agnostic analysis and development was associated with the DDVV of specific usecases of optimisation-based G&C for common space applications of growing complexity, exploring different challenges in the form of convex problem complexity (up to second-order cone programs), problem size (model predictive control and trajectory optimization), and nonlinearity (both translation and attitude control problems). The novel V&V approach relies on the combination and exploitation of the two main approaches: classical testing of the global on-board software, and local and compositional, formal, math-driven, verification. While the former sees systems as black boxes, feeding it with comprehensive inputs and analysing statistically the outputs, the latter delves deep into the sub-components of the software, effectively seeing it as white boxes whenever mathematically possible. In between the two approaches lies the optimal path to a thorough, dependable, mathematically sound verification and validation process: local, potentially application-agnostic, validation of the building blocks with respect to mathematical specifications leading up to application-specific testing of global complex systems, this time informed by the results of local validation and testing. The deep analysis of the mathematical properties of the optimisation algorithm allows to derive requirements with increasing complexity (e.g., from “the code implements the proper computations”, to higher level mathematical properties such as optimality, convergence, and feasibility). These are related to quantities of interest that can be both verified resorting to e-ACSL specifications and Frama-C in a C-code implementation of the solver, but also observed in online monitors in Simulink or in post-processing during the model/software-in-the-loop testing. Finally, the activity applies the devised V&V process to the benchmark designs, from model-in-the-loop Monte Carlo testing, followed by autocoding and software-in-the-loop equivalence testing in parallel with the Frama-C runtime analysis, and concluded by processor-in-the-loop testing in a Hyperion on-board computer based around a Xilinx Zynq 7000 SoC.

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