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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Birge"

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Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 26 luglio 2024

Ultima modifica: 26 luglio 2024

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1

Torr, Marsha R., D. G. Torr, T. Chang, P. Richards e G. Germany. "N2Lyman-Birge-Hopfield dayglow from ATLAS 1". Journal of Geophysical Research 99, A11 (1994): 21397. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/94ja01844.

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2

Campbell, Allan. "Bacterial and Bacteriophage Genetics. Edward A. Birge". Quarterly Review of Biology 76, n. 2 (giugno 2001): 237–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/393918.

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3

Dashkevich, Z. V., T. I. Sergienko e V. E. Ivanov. "The Lyman-Birge-Hopfield bands in aurora". Planetary and Space Science 41, n. 1 (gennaio 1993): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(93)90019-x.

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4

Denisov G. S. e Tokhadze K. G. "Implementation of Morse potential for approximation of vibrational terms of diatomic molecules". Optics and Spectroscopy 130, n. 14 (2022): 2096. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/eos.2022.14.53993.2483-21.

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We analysed the problem of approximation of the potential function of a diatomic molecule by a Morse model function with constant anharmonicity ν x using the Birge-Sponer extrapolation. The analysis of the approximations used in the derivation of the Morse equation shows that the solution of this problem is ambiguous. A scheme for optimizing the selection of initial parameters is proposed, which is illustrated by examples taken from the literature. The advantages of delineation of anharmonicity in the excitation of vibrational levels by deviations of the value ν x from the constant value according to Morse are demonstrated. An attempt is made to use the dimensionless anharmonicity parameter x* as a universal characteristic of the shape features of the electronic term of the molecule. Keywords: Morse potential, diatomic molecule, Birge-Sponer extrapolation, anharmonicity, electronic terms, vibrational structure.

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5

Goody, Jack. "INTRODUCTION TO WOMEN, FAMILY AND INHERITANCE IN CHINA AND JAPAN". International Journal of Asian Studies 1, n. 2 (giugno 2004): 197–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479591404000208.

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Both papers in this section are concerned with issues of women's access to property and marriage in the medieval period, McDermott's with China (and in particular the study by Bettine Birge), and Kurushima's with Japan (and more especially with the marriage strategies of a political kind among the élite).

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6

Young, J. A., C. P. Malone, P. V. Johnson, J. M. Ajello, X. Liu e I. Kanik. "Lyman–Birge–Hopfield emissions from electron-impact excited N2". Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 43, n. 13 (8 giugno 2010): 135201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/43/13/135201.

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7

Ruiz-Martin, Hector. "Edward A. Birge: Bacterial and bacteriophage genetics, 4th edn". International Microbiology 4, n. 4 (dicembre 2001): 241–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10123-001-0046-8.

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8

K M, Dr Roopa, e Venkatesha P. "Comparative Study of Various Iterative Numerical Methods for Computation of Approximate Root of the Polynomials". International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering 11, n. 2 (30 dicembre 2021): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.b9635.1211221.

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The aim of this article is to present a brief review and a numerical comparison of iterative methods applied to solve the polynomial equations with real coefficients. In this paper, four numerical methods are compared, namely: Horner’s method, Synthetic division with Chebyshev method (Proposed Method), Synthetic division with Modified Newton Raphson method and Birge-Vieta method which will helpful to the readers to understand the importance and usefulness of these methods.

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9

Bodnar, Olha, e Clemens Elster. "On the adjustment of inconsistent data using the Birge ratio". Metrologia 51, n. 5 (19 agosto 2014): 516–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/51/5/516.

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10

Eastes, R. W., D. J. Murray, A. Aksnes, S. A. Budzien, R. E. Daniell e A. Krywonos. "Modeled and observed N2Lyman-Birge-Hopfield band emissions: A comparison". Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics 116, A12 (dicembre 2011): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010ja016417.

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11

Molozzi, Joseline, Luiz U. Hepp e Marcos Callisto. "The additive partitioning of macroinvertebrate diversity in tropical reservoirs". Marine and Freshwater Research 64, n. 7 (2013): 609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf12354.

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Understanding the ways in which diversity changes across spatial scales is important for the conservation of biodiversity. The objectives of the present study were (1) to characterise the diversity of aquatic macroinvertebrates in three Brazilian tropical reservoirs and (2) to determine how the organisms were distributed at different spatial scales, by using a diversity partitioning approach. We compared the diversity-partition results with the null hypothesis that the macroinvertebrate community was uniform across all spatial scales in the study. We expected that differences in environmental variability (sediment characteristics) among the reservoirs and limitations on the dispersal of organisms among reservoirs result in higher biological variability (β diversity). The results of the spatial partitioning analysis of species richness in the reservoirs showed that each Ekman–Birge dredge-sampling unit (α) represented 43.7% of the total variation. β1 diversity (diversity among Ekman–Birge dredge-sampling units) represented 47.2% of the total variation. A partial Mantel test indicated a correlation between the particle-size matrix and the biological matrix. However, the biological matrix was not correlated with the geographical matrix. The partitioning of overall spatial diversity indicated that the distribution of species in the reservoirs was driven by local factors and that diversity was more pronounced at lower hierarchical levels.

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12

SINEV, ARTEM Y., e LA-ORSRI SANOAMUANG. "Hormonal induction of males as a method for studying tropical cladocerans: description of males of four chydorid species (Cladocera: Anomopoda: Chydoridae)". Zootaxa 2826, n. 1 (20 aprile 2011): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2826.1.2.

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Methyl farnesoate, a crustacean juvenile hormone, successfully induced male development in several littoral cladocerans from Thailand in short-term multispecies cultures. Male morphology is fully described in four species of Chydoridae— Oxyurella singalensis Daday, 1898, Leberis diaphanus (King, 1853), Leydigia cf. ciliata Gauthier, 1939, Disparalona cf. hamata (Birge, 1910). Males of the latter two taxa from Thailand differ from these from the other localities, suggesting the presence of sibling-species in the Indochina region.

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13

Duarte, César, e Jabid Quiroga. "System identification of a DC motor using PSO algorithm". Revista Facultad de Ingeniería Universidad de Antioquia, n. 55 (1 marzo 2013): 116–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17533/udea.redin.14720.

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In this paper an application of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm is presented as strategy for parameters determination of a grey box system. This system identification process is implemented based on the open loop step response for a DC motor. The vector space is bounded via step time response to speed up the parameter identification. The PSO algorithm is implemented and validated using the PSOt Matlab® toolbox developed by Brian Birge.

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14

Zielinsi, Theresa Julia, e George M. Shalhoub. "Vibronic Spectra of Diatomic Molecules and the Birge-Sponer Extrapolation: BirgeSponer.mcd". Journal of Chemical Education 75, n. 9 (settembre 1998): 1192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed075p1192.2.

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15

Mayers, Lynne. "Medieval Narrative and Modern Narratology: Subjects and Objects of Desire.Evelyn Birge Vitz". Speculum 69, n. 3 (luglio 1994): 910–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3040958.

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16

Kofsky, Irving L. "Excitation of N2Lyman-Birge-Hopfield Bands emission by low Earth orbiting spacecraft". Geophysical Research Letters 15, n. 3 (marzo 1988): 241–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gl015i003p00241.

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17

Torr, Marsha R., D. G. Torr e J. W. Eun. "A spectral search for Lyman-Birge-Hopfield band nightglow from Spacelab 1". Journal of Geophysical Research 90, A5 (1985): 4427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/ja090ia05p04427.

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18

Eastes, R. W. "Emissions from the N2 Lyman-Birge-Hopfield bands in the earth's atmosphere". Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part C: Solar, Terrestrial & Planetary Science 25, n. 5-6 (gennaio 2000): 523–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1464-1917(00)00069-6.

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19

Lessinger, Leslie. "Morse Oscillators, Birge-Sponer Extrapolation, and the Electronic Absorption Spectrum of I2". Journal of Chemical Education 71, n. 5 (maggio 1994): 388. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed071p388.

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20

Journal, Baghdad Science. "The chronic effects of salinity on the Crustacean Moina affinis Birge (1893)". Baghdad Science Journal 1, n. 2 (6 giugno 2004): 200–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.1.2.200-206.

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Thi s study included the effect of chronic exposure of di fferent concentrations of Nan on the biology of fresh water zroDplonk ton species Moina 41.112' ( Cladcxe'ra The concentrations used for chronic exposure were 03, 0.75. 1 960 to investigate iI effects on the life cycle and la lables of this species after exposure period and the range of this exposure effects on the rate of expectation for further life, also the effect of salinity on reproduotive parameters was studied which included average of total number of eggs and young produced, volume clutch's (6.95. indiclutch for control group , 14.516 indi clutch for 0.596a ,3_65 ind./ clutch for (175 5(.. and 03 Ind} cruel] for 1960) and number of Clutch's (5.5 clutch/ female for control group, 1.7 clutch/ funEoc for 0.5.9(z.z, 1:2 dutch?' female for 0,75960 and 0,1 oluchi female for 196.) which howed a reduction_ But had no effects on the time 10 tarsi clutch produced. Time of surviving ( 12.9 day for control g.roup. 63 day for 0.5%0, 15_2 day for 0.75%.0 and 4.6 day for I 9f,), average final length and average of daily length, growth increasing were studied_ In addition to the studying the orient of salinity on the number of moults which showed a reduction. in its number.

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21

Jain, Sonal Kumar, e Anil Bhardwaj. "Production of N2 Vegard–Kaplan and Lyman–Birge–Hopfield emissions on Pluto". Icarus 246 (gennaio 2015): 285–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2014.08.032.

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22

Fainelli, E., R. Camilloni, G. Petrocelli e G. Stefani. "Generalized oscillator strength for the lyman-birge-hopfield band in molecular nitrogen". Il Nuovo Cimento D 9, n. 1 (gennaio 1987): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02453272.

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23

Sandner, Jan. "Environmental protection concept in holistic nature studies education". Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae 4, n. 1 (31 dicembre 2006): 377–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/seb.2006.4.1.28.

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Artykuł jest próbę analizy procesu edukacji proekologicznej w świetle problematyki ochrony środowiska w UE na tle idei, reprezentowanych, przez takich filozofów i ekologów, jak: Forbes, Smuts, Tansley, Haeckel, Birge. Autor przedstawia ciekawy wywód prowadzący do zgoła innego spojrzenia na problematykę środowiska przyrodniczego. W swoim wywodzie podpiera się znanymi teoriami z pogranicza ekologii i filozofii, takimi jak: teoria rozwoju, poziomów integracji, czy synergizm. Autor porusza trudną problematykę z pogranicza różnych nauk, związaną z poznawaniem środowiska. Główną ideą autora jest podjęcie próby holistycznego podejścia do problemu edukacji przyrodniczej. Podejście to ma gwarantować lepsze rozumienie środowiska, poprzez uruchomienie nowej jakości w jego zarządzaniu i rozwiązywaniu narastających sytuacji kryzysowych w środowisku.

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24

FUKUHARA, Haruo, e Mitsuru SAKAMOTO. "An improved Ekman-Birge grab for sampling an undisturbed bottom sediment core sample." Japanese Journal of Limnology (Rikusuigaku Zasshi) 48, n. 2 (1987): 127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3739/rikusui.48.127.

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25

Eastes, Richard W., e William E. Sharp. "Rocket-borne spectroscopic measurements in the ultraviolet aurora: The Lyman-Birge-Hopfield bands". Journal of Geophysical Research 92, A9 (1987): 10095. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/ja092ia09p10095.

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26

Trickl, T., D. Proch e K. L. Kompa. "The Lyman-Birge-Hopfield System of Nitrogen: Revised Calculation of the Energy Levels". Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy 171, n. 2 (giugno 1995): 374–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jmsp.1995.1126.

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27

Aubin, Françoise. "Bettine Birge, Women, Property, and Confucian Reaction in Sung and Yüan China (960-1368)". Archives de sciences sociales des religions, n. 124 (1 ottobre 2003): 63–170. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/assr.777.

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28

McCracken, Peggy. "Performing Medieval Narrative edited by Evelyn Birge Vitz, Nancy Freeman Regalado, and Marilyn Lawrence". Arthuriana 16, n. 4 (2006): 114–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/art.2006.0013.

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29

Trickl, T., D. Proch e K. L. Kompa. "Resonance-Enhanced 2 + 2 Photon Ionization of Nitrogen: The Lyman-Birge-Hopfield Band System". Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy 162, n. 1 (novembre 1993): 184–229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jmsp.1993.1279.

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30

Bonde, Poul Martin. "Pladebranchen - om den ændrede mediesituation i Danmark". MedieKultur: Journal of media and communication research 8, n. 18 (29 agosto 1992): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/mediekultur.v8i18.931.

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Lanceringen af nye plader i radio og TV er afgørende elementer i mar- kedsføringen. Den danske pladebranche var sen til at udnytte de nye muligheder som åbnede sig med lokalradioerne i 1983 - men i dag giver en kombination af henved 50 store lokalradioer og tre TV-kanaler (DR, TV2 og TV3) samt i mindre omfang satellitkanalerne, helt nye muligheder for at få nye musiknavne frem i publikums øre- og øjenhøjde. Det har givet uoverskuelighed med indtil videre også en ny alsidighed og vitalitet i pladeproduktionen i Danmark. Både med hensyn til de unges rock og den bredere folkelighed med Jodle Birge osv.. Poul Martin Bonde er free-lance musikkonsulent og -skribent og rapporterer her fra er sted midt mellem publikum og dansk medie- og musikindustri.

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31

Araújo, Sérgio C. de, e Yoshio Kawano. "Espectro Vibracional no Infravermelho Próximo dos Polímeros Poliestireno, Poli(Metacrilato de Metila) e Policarbonato". Polímeros 11, n. 4 (2001): 213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-14282001000400011.

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Os espectros no infravermelho próximo (NIR) dos polímeros amorfos poliestireno (PS), poli(metacrilato de metila) (PMMA) e policarbonato (PC) foram estudados. A tentativa de atribuição das bandas harmônicas e de combinação dos modos vibracionais do PS, PMMA e PC foi realizada baseando-se na teoria de modos locais e pelo uso do método matemático de ajuste de curvas. A correção de anarmonicidade e freqüência mecânica foi determinada em um gráfico de Birge-Sponer. Uma correção de anarmonicidade de 57 e 58 cm-1 foi obtida para os modos de estiramento dos grupos CH2 e CH do PS; 59 e 9 cm-1 para os modos de estiramento dos grupos CH3 e CO do PMMA e 53, 59 e 10 cm-1 para os modos de estiramento dos grupos CH, CH3 e CO do PC, respectivamente.

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32

Gertsman, Elina. "Performing Medieval Narrative". Theatre Survey 47, n. 1 (13 aprile 2006): 125–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0040557406280098.

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The subject of medieval performance has recently come under the scrutiny of scholars from several disciplines—history, art history, religious studies, anthropology, and literature, to name but a few. In the process, “performance” has come to be used rather loosely to signify a number of different concepts. Evelyn Birge Vitz, Nancy Freeman Regalado, and Marilyn Lawrence—the editors of Performing Medieval Narrative—attend to a particular aspect of performance that they define as the confluence of four essential characteristics: the presence of a performer; the action of telling or enacting; a story being told or enacted; and, finally, and most important for the book, the presence of an audience. The volume is broken into four parts, each addressing different aspects of the performance traditions that form an integral part of medieval narratives.

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33

Sidhik, Siraj. "Comparative study of Birge–Massart strategy and unimodal thresholding for image compression using wavelet transform". Optik 126, n. 24 (dicembre 2015): 5952–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2015.08.127.

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34

Goldberg, Christine. "Edith Futscher, Heiko Kremer, Birge Krondorfer, Gerlinde Maurer (Hrsg.) (2014): Gerburg Treusch-Dieter. Ausgewählte Schriften". Österreichische Zeitschrift für Soziologie 39, n. 3 (settembre 2014): 253–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11614-014-0142-6.

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35

DODSON, STANLEY I. "Cyclomorphosis in Daphnia galeata mendotae Birge and D. retrocurva Forbes as a predator-induced response". Freshwater Biology 19, n. 1 (febbraio 1988): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.1988.tb00332.x.

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36

Kirillov, A. S., R. Werner e V. Guineva. "THE SIMULATION OF VIBRATIONAL POPULATIONS OF ELECTRONICALLY EXCITED N2 IN TITAN’S UPPER ATMOSPHERE DURING PRECIPITATIONS OF HIGH-ENERGETIC PARTICLES". PHYSICS OF AURORAL PHENOMENA 44 (2021): 122–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.51981/2588-0039.2021.44.028.

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We study the electronic kinetics of singlet molecular nitrogen in Titan’s upper atmosphere during precipitations of high-energetic particles. Both radiative processes and processes of electron excitation energy transfer during inelastic collisions with N2 and CH4 molecules were considered in the calculation of vibrational populations of electronically excited singlet states a'1Σu–, a1Πg, w1Δu of molecular nitrogen in the upper atmosphere of Titan. It is shown that the calculated volume emission intensities of the Lyman-Birge-Hopfield bands correlate with the profiles of the ion production rate in the atmosphere of Titan during the considered cases of electron precipitation for considered interval of the energies 30-1000 eV of magnetospheric electrons. This fact is explained by the negligible contribution of collisional processes to the vibrational populations a1Πg(v'=0-6) in the considered range of heights above 900 km.

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37

Yan, Ji Ning, Ke Fa Zhou, Li Sun, Yan Fang Qin, Shu Guang Zhou e Nan Xiang. "Applications of Wavelet Penalty Function in De-Noising for Hyperspectral Images". Applied Mechanics and Materials 263-266 (dicembre 2012): 2498–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.263-266.2498.

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With the development of the hyperspectral remote sensing technology, the level of quantitative remote sensing has risen greatly, but varying degrees of random noise is contained. To optimize the use of the remote sensing images and to improve the effectiveness and accuracy of discriminating ground objects according to spectral absorption features, random noise removing is necessary. Aimed at the distribution characteristics of the random point noise of HJ_1A HSI data level 2 product, eliminate the Gaussian white noise by soft-thresholding filtering based on the Birge-Massart penalty function in wavelet domain. And the result shows that the method can not only remove the additive noise effectively, but also retain most of the feature information and edge details of the original image. Therefore, the method could provide necessary support for quantitative use of HJ_1A HSI data.

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Kirillov, A. S., V. B. Belakhovskii, E. A. Maurchev, Yu V. Balabin, A. V. Germanenko e B. B. Gvozdevskii. "The Electronic Kinetics of Molecular Nitrogen and Molecular Oxygen in the Earth’s Middle Atmosphere during the GLE Events of Solar Cycle 23". Геомагнетизм и аэрономия 63, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2023): 94–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0016794022060062.

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Based on models of the electronic kinetics of triplet and singlet states of molecular nitrogen andsinglet states of molecular oxygen for the Earth’s middle atmosphere, we calculated the intensity profiles ofthe bands of the first and second positive N2 systems, the Lyman–Birge–Hopfield N2 bands, and the infraredO2 bands in the case of precipitation of high-energy protons during the GLE65, GLE67, GLE69, and GLE70events of solar cycle 23. Calculations have shown that almost over the entire interval of altitudes of 20–80 km,there is a significant contribution from the processes of quenching some electronically excited states of N2and O2 during molecular collisions. The kinetics of O2 singlet states at the altitudes of the middle atmosphereduring proton precipitation is considered taking into account both direct excitation by high-energy particlesand intermolecular processes of electron excitation transfer

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39

Frey, David G. "Separation of Pleuroxus laevis Sars, 1861 from two resembling species in North America: Pleuroxus straminius Birge, 1879 and Pleuroxus chiangi n.sp. (Cladocera, Chydoridae)". Canadian Journal of Zoology 66, n. 11 (1 novembre 1988): 2534–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z88-376.

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E. A. Birge, in his Ph.D. dissertation (1878. Harvard University, Cambridge, MA) and in his first published paper (E. A. Birge. 1879. Trans. Wis. Acad. Sci. Arts. Lett. 4: 77–109), described a species of Pleuroxus from North America and named it P. straminius, then later (E. A. Birge. 1893. Trans. Wis. Acad. Sci. Arts. Lett. 9: 275–317) decided the organism was the same as P. laevis of Scandinavia and hence gave it that name, or rather the invalid, newer name P. hastatus. Detailed study of these two taxa has shown that they are completely different from each other in size, shape, surface ornamentation, nature and color of the carapace, structure of the posterior-ventral corner of the shell, shape and denticulation of the postabdomen, and especially armament of the male postabdomen, that of P. straminius having essentially the same denticulation as the female, whereas in P. laevis all of the marginal denticles are replaced by oblique short rows of spines. Perhaps more significant is the occurrence of a second species in North America, Pleuroxus chiangi n.sp., which is much more closely related to P. laevis than is P. straminius. It differs somewhat vaguely in the relative size of various parts, but it also differs in a number of specific characters, all of which demonstrate that it is a valid separate species. Thus, the posterior-ventral angle of the shell is rounded, with the shell tooth some distance anterior and with several setae immediately posterior being long and projecting well beyond the margin; the postanal portion of the postabdomen is shorter and has about two fewer denticles; and, most important, the male postabdomen retains the two large distalmost denticles and has the oblique rows of setae substituting for the others. Pleuroxus straminius is widely distributed in glaciated North America from Newfoundland to northern Wisconsin and Minnesota, then south along the Atlantic Coast into northern Florida. One suspects that because of species differences already demonstrated between northern and southern populations of Eurycercus and of Pleuroxus denticulatus, P. straminius might also be so differentiated. However, no decision can be made without having males and ephippial females from the southern populations. Pleuroxus chiangi presently seems much less frequent and less abundant than P. straminius. It occurs from Nova Scotia westward to British Columbia, including northern Wisconsin and possibly northern Minnesota, and northward into the Northwest Territories. It seems similar to a number of species, such as Alonopsis americana and Chydorus canadensis, whose distributions barely reach the United States at all but which are well distributed northward in eastern Canada. We need many more data on the occurrence of various taxa in the north. Thus, here is still another example of noncosmopolitanism in the chydorids. The presence of closely related species in North America and Europe might have derived vicariously from the splitting of North America from Europe as the Atlantic Ocean developed. The other species, P. straminius, does not seem to have any counterpart in Europe, although possibly P. sinkiangensis of China is related to it. This and other taxa presently called P. laevis must be studied to work out the degrees of relationship and to develop ideas as to when and how the species evolved. Neotypes have been selected for P. laevis and for P. straminius. These and diverse samples of all three taxa have been deposited in major museums in North America and Europe.

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40

Sandner, Jan. "Problemy przyrodniczej edukacji holistycznej w świetle idei zrównoważonego rozwoju". Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae 5, n. 1 (31 dicembre 2007): 325–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/seb.2007.5.1.22.

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In the article, the author is trying to find quintessential causes for the said errors, the article touches on the difficult problematic issues from the borderline of various areas of study relating to learning about the environment, the primary concept of the author is the attempt to undertake a holistic approach to the problem of natural science education. M s approach is to guarantee a better understanding of the environment. It is also to impact the launch of a new quality of its management and solve the growing number of critical situations in the environment and by the same, the proper shaping and implementation of the sustainable environment concept. In his presentation, the author backs his arguments with well known views of the following philosophers: Forbes, Smuts, Tansley, Haeckel, Birge as well as with theories from the borderline of ecology and philosophy such as: the development theory, integration levels and synergism.

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41

Zhikharev, V. S., A. Yu Sinev e G. V. Shurganova. "New record of non-indigenous cladoceran Pleuroxus denticulatus Birge, 1879 (Cladocera: Chydoridae) in the European Russia". Invertebrate Zoology 19, n. 3 (settembre 2022): 317–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15298/invertzool.19.3.05.

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42

Taylor-Leech, Kerry, Hoa Thi Mai Nguyen, M. Obaidul Hamid e Catherine Siew Kheng Chua. "Tribute to Richard (Dick) Birge Baldauf Jr. (1943–2014): A distinguished scholar and an inspiring mentor". Current Issues in Language Planning 15, n. 3 (3 luglio 2014): 343–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14664208.2014.940688.

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43

Cuthbertson, J. W., e W. D. Langer. "A surface chemistry model for the altitude dependence of the N2Lyman-Birge-Hopfield glow on spacecraft". Journal of Geophysical Research 94, A7 (1989): 9149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/ja094ia07p09149.

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44

Germany, G. A., M. R. Torr, P. G. Richards e D. G. Torr. "The dependence of modeled OI 1356 and N2Lyman Birge Hopfield auroral emissions on the neutral atmosphere". Journal of Geophysical Research 95, A6 (1990): 7725. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/ja095ia06p07725.

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45

Bielschowsky, Carlos Eduardo, Marco Antonio Chaer Nascimento e Eduardo Hollauer. "Correlation and relaxation effects on the electron-impact excitation of the Lyman-Birge-Hopfield band ofN2". Physical Review A 42, n. 9 (1 novembre 1990): 5223–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.42.5223.

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46

Aune, David Charles. "The Language of Belonging: a Rhetorical Analysis of Kinship Language in First Corinthians – Mary Katherine Birge". Religious Studies Review 32, n. 2 (aprile 2006): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-0922.2006.00064_24.x.

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47

Viallon, J., T. Choteau, E. Flores, F. Idrees, P. Moussay, R. I. Wielgosz, Z. Loh et al. "Final report of CCQM-P204, comparison on CO₂ isotope ratios in pure CO₂". Metrologia 60, n. 1A (1 gennaio 2023): 08026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/60/1a/08026.

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Main text The pilot study CCQM-P204 was aimed at evaluating the level of compatibility of laboratories' measurement capabilities to value assign isotope ratios in samples of pure CO2 gas, expressed as isotope delta values relative to the relevant international scale: δ13CVPDB and δ18OVPDB-CO2. Pure CO2 gas samples were prepared by the BIPM in batches of 10 samples of the same gas and circulated to participants for measurement. Each participant received four samples of CO2 with a different nominal δ13CVPDB value: −1 ‰; −9 ‰; −35 ‰; and −42 ‰. The BIPM was also responsible for evaluating the homogeneity and stability of the samples. The co-coordinator IAEA received one sample per batch to confirm the batch-to-batch homogeneity. Within-batch and between-batch inhomogeneity was assessed and found to be negligible in comparison to the spread of results reported by participants. Participants used the analytical technique of their choice to measure the isotope delta values. They were requested to report the measurement results together with detailed information on their traceability, measurement methods and data treatment. Results of the comparison were to be compiled by the BIPM and evaluated jointly by the BIPM and the IAEA. The majority of participants reported results using DI-IRMS, and those that reported results based on laser spectroscopy techniques showed a very similar dispersion of results as for DI-IRMS, although generally with greater uncertainty. A total of nineteen participants reported their measurements, with two of them reporting results with different reference materials to provide more insight into the traceability of the measurements. The results were reported with traceability to three different VPDB scale realizations, notably VPDB, VPDB-LSVEC and VPDB2020, with 8, 7 and 6 results reported respectively for each of these. Participants agreed that results based on VPDB and VPDB2020 scale realizations should, in principle, lead to consistent results, whereas those based on VPDB-LSVEC should show a bias that increased as samples became more depleted in 13C, with the bias approaching 0.2 ‰ for the most depleted sample. This bias was demonstrated by the participant reporting the most precise measurements based on the VPDB-LSVEC realizations, whereas for 2 participants using VPDB-LSVEC scale realizations other issues dominated the consistency of their results. The 3 laboratories using the NIST (8562,8563, 8564) reference materials (reported as on the VPDB-LSVEC scale), were highly consistent with each other, but the reported bias for the VPDB-LSVEC realization was not evident, with the historical method used for value assignment of the NIST RMs, and their relatively large uncertainty, being identified as possible causes for this. In general, for all results the dispersion was greater than expected based on the measurement uncertainties reported by participants. This dispersion increased as the samples became more depleted in 13C, so that results that were traceable to realizations of the VPDB scale that could be considered equivalent (VPDB and VPDB2020) did not lead to ensembles that were fully consistent within their stated uncertainties. Either the reduced chi-squared or Birge Ratio provide easily calculated quantities to characterise lack of consistency in a data set, where consistent data would lead to values of unity for either of these, and discrepant data leading to increased values. This is most readily demonstrated by considering results based on DI-IRMS with traceability to the VPDB scale through either VPDB and VPDB 2020 realizations, where the standard deviation of 16 results was 0.043 ‰ and a Birge Ratio of 2.7 calculated for nominally −1‰ for δ13C, and the standard deviation was 0.12 ‰ and a Birge Ratio of 2.9 calculated at nominally −9 ‰ for δ18O. For the samples where the nominal δ13C value was −42 ‰, the standard deviation of 17 results was 0.085 ‰ and a Birge Ratio of 4.5 calculated for δ13C, and the standard deviation was 0.24 ‰ and a Birge Ratio of 3.4 calculated for δ18O at nominally −36 ‰. The observed magnitude of the standard deviation of results can also be compared to the standard uncertainty of the IAEA-603 materials certified values (0.01 ‰ for δ13C and 0.04 ‰ δ18O) and the smallest standard uncertainties reported by a participant (0.005 ‰ for δ13C, and 0.01 ‰ for δ18O). These results indicate an underestimation of uncertainty for reported results, especially for those with the smallest uncertainties. Components of uncertainty that should be reviewed before future comparisons include: the uncertainty contribution from reference materials; the uncertainty associated with the phosphoric acid reaction with carbonate reference materials; corrections and uncertainties related to cross-contamination effects in the IRMS; appropriate methods for combining uncertainties of multiple reference materials and accounting for their correlations. A retreatment of results, which normalizes results to the −1 ‰ and −42 ‰ δ13C samples, leads to improvement in the consistency of results as demonstrated for measurements on the nominally −35 ‰ δ13C, −30 ‰ δ18O samples for which the standard deviation is reduced to 0.034 ‰ and 0.057 ‰ for δ13C and δ18O respectively (from 0.072 ‰ and 0.198 ‰ without normalization). The results of the comparison indicate that once issues of non-ideal methods and use of LSVEC are removed, discrepancies in results arise from the challenges in accurately transferring delta values from carbonate reference materials to CO2 gaseous samples, and that these issues can be reduced by having appropriate gaseous reference standards for calibration when measuring CO2 gaseous samples. This is consistent with the identical treatment principle that is preferred in the isotope ratio measurement community. An analysis of results is presented in this report, with further consideration of the impact of the measurement method, the scale, and the reference materials. Uncertainties reported by participants are detailed and analysed, highlighting important differences in the uncertainty sources considered. Although CCQM-P204 was a comparison organised within the CCQM/GAWG and IRWG, no reference value was calculated, mainly because not all results appeared to be strictly on the same scale. Instead, a list of recommendations is provided to encourage more harmonised measurement practices and reach better consistency in future comparisons on similar materials. To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/. The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).

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48

SOUSA, FRANCISCO DIOGO R., LOURDES M. A. ELMOOR-LOUREIRO, SARAH SOUZA MAIA e ELIANA A. PANARELLI. "More than just the number of denticles: morphometric and limb variability in Neotropical cladoceran Alonella dadayi (Crustacea: Cladocera: Chydoridae)". Zootaxa 4759, n. 2 (2 aprile 2020): 287–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4759.2.11.

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The aim of this study is to describe the limb morphology of Alonella dadayi Birge (Cladocera: Chydorida) and this species’ morphometric variability regarding the carapace and postabdomen. We report for the first time a population whose individuals do not have denticles on the posteroventral corner of the carapace. Although we have observed intra- and interpopulation variability of the limbs (especially the proportion of Inner Distal Lobe setae), Alonella dadayi can also be differentiated from closely related species by the morphology of the exopodite of the second limb. The morphometric analyses show high variability in the shape of the carapace, when regarding the ventral margin and posterodorsal corner. In the postabdomen, we observed a significant variation in the preanal, anal and postanal margins. Keeping in mind the wide range of the geographic distribution of Alonella dadayi and its high morphological variability, it is possible that this taxon comprises a species complex. Such a chance needs to be tested in future studies.

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MARTÍNEZ-CABALLERO, ANA L., SELENE MORALES-GUTIÉRREZ e MANUEL ELÍAS-GUTIÉRREZ. "First record of the genus Bunops Birge, 1893 (Cladocera: Macrothricidae) in the Neotropical highlands of Mexico with a detailed study of morphology and DNA barcodes". Zootaxa 4300, n. 4 (4 agosto 2017): 589. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4300.4.7.

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For the first time, the genus Bunops Birge, 1893 (Crustacea: Cladocera) has been found in the Neotropics of Mexico. It was found in only one pond in the Central Mexican Plateau, characterized by its high altitude, more than 2500 m above sea level. The specimens, corresponding to Bunops cf. serricaudata, are described here, including parthenogenetic and ephippial females, and males, using both morphological and molecular methods (DNA barcoding). The new micro-structural characters added here are: a detailed description of the internal part of valves in parthenogenetic females, the fine structure of all limbs, peculiarities of the ephippial female and males including new microcharacters of the first antenna and the hook on the first limb. We also include sequences of the COI mitochondrial gene (known as DNA barcode) and compare them with other macrotricids. With this new information, we hope to understand further this enigmatic and elusive genus and facilitate future research and comparisons at the global level.

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50

Kashem, Md Shakil Bin, Morgan Davies, Lok Pant e S. Burcin Bayram. "Molecular spectroscopy as a laboratory experiment: Measurement of important parameters of sodium diatomic molecules". American Journal of Physics 91, n. 12 (1 dicembre 2023): 1015–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/5.0123126.

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We present an inexpensive sodium molecular spectroscopy experiment for use in an advanced undergraduate laboratory course in physics or chemistry. The molecules were excited predominantly from the ground X1Σg+(v″ = 15) state to the B1Πu(v′ = 6) state using a commercially available 532-nm broadband diode laser. The laser-induced molecular fluorescence was measured using a miniature fiber-coupled spectrometer at a resolution of 0.5 nm. The spectral peak assignments were done by comparing the observed spectrum with the calculated Franck–Condon values. Important molecular constants such as fundamental frequency, anharmonicity, bond strength, and dissociation energy of the ground electronic state were determined by using the Birge–Sponer extrapolation method. The presence of highly visible blue glowing molecules along the green laser beam creates an engaging laboratory experience. Emphasis is placed on students developing their understanding of the molecular structure, practicing molecular spectroscopic techniques, and applying knowledge of light–matter interactions to a physical system.

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