Tesi: "Birds" – Grafiati

1

Yoon, Hye Jung. "Birds, Birds, Bluebirds". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1504802573765048.

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2

Stephens, Jaime L. "A comparison of bird abundance and nesting in harvest units, habitat islands, and mature coniferous forests in southwestern Oregon /". View full-text version online through Southern Oregon Digital Archives, 2005. http://soda.sou.edu/awdata/050801c1.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Southern Oregon University, 2005.
"A thesis submitted to ... Southern Oregon University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science ..." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 70-73). Also available via Internet as PDF file through Southern Oregon Digital Archives: http://soda.sou.edu. Search Bioregion Collection.

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3

Barch, Brian T. "The annual midwest crane count : development of a program plan /". Link to full-text, 2006. http://epapers.uwsp.edu/thesis/2006/barch.pdf.

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4

McDermott, Molly E. "Breeding and post-breeding forest bird community dynamics in regenerating clearcuts and two-age harvests in the central Appalachians". Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2007. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5328.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2007.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 133 p. : ill. (some col.), col. maps. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.

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5

Latta, Steven C. "Ecology and population regulation of neotropical migratory birds in the Sierra de Bahoruco, Dominican Republic /". free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9998494.

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6

Cravey, Suzanne Perritt. "Are pesticides a factor in bird declines? /". Connect to this title online, 2005. http://www.orwapif.org/pdf/pesticides%5Fbirds.pdf.

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7

Blackburn, Emma. "The wintering and migration ecology of the whinchat Saxicola rubetra, a declining Palearctic migrant". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/11859.

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For migrant birds, the non-breeding season can greatly influence survival and future reproductive success. Knowledge of annual and overwinter survival, the degree of site fidelity and habitat use in the non-breeding season, migration ecology, routes and stopovers, and whether these differ with age or sex is fundamental to understanding population dynamics, vulnerability to anthropogenic habitat degradation, and consequently for understanding the severe widespread declines of migrant bird species. The degree to which a migrant is a winter specialist or generalist is likely to be central to understanding population dynamics. I studied survival rates and the wintering and migration ecology of a declining Palearctic migrant, the whinchat Saxicola rubetra, wintering in West Africa, to establish how the non-breeding season may influence migrant population dynamics. Whinchats were extremely site faithful to both within and between years, holding distinct winter territories and returning to those territories in subsequent winters, despite the opportunity to relocate. Overwinter survival was very high and annual survival was comparable to or higher than that reported on the breeding grounds. Because our power to detect resident and dispersing birds was high, survival rates likely estimated true survival well. Habitat characteristics varied widely across territories and territories were smaller if more perching shrubs and maize were present. Most individuals showed a tolerance or even preference for human modified habitats. Some individuals may have multiple wintering sites. There was no evidence of dominance-based habitat occupancy or any differences in winter ecology, site fidelity, survival and most aspects of migratory behaviour between age and sex classes. Migratory connectivity occurred only on a large-scale and individual migratory behaviour was also varied. Fundamentally, the results suggest a generalist strategy in the non-breeding season within their wintering habitat of open savannah, most likely as an adaption to stochastic site selection within the wintering range for juveniles undertaking their first migration plus changing and unpredictable conditions both within and between years. Consequently, wintering conditions may not significantly limit whinchat populations and mortality is probably highest during active migration. Notably, non-specialist migrants such as whinchats may have some resilience at the population-level to the increasing anthropogenic habitat modification occurring in Africa, suggesting that conditions during migration and in Europe may be driving declines; yet establishing the currently unknown thresholds of any resilience is likely to be fundamental for the future conservation migrants.

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8

Holt, Rachel Faith Martin Kathy. "Habitat selection, demography, and conservation implications for a cavity-nesting community in a managed landscape". Connect to this title online, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape16/PQDD%5F0003/NQ27952.pdf.

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9

Wang, Ximin. "A plan for creating a national bird watching society in Mainland China for bird conservation and education /". Link for full text, 2008. http://epapers.uwsp.edu/thesis/2008/Wang.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Stevens Point, 2008.
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree Master of Science in Natural Resources (Environmental Education and Interpretation), College of Natural Resources. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 49-50).

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10

Lacey, M. E. R. "Birds and bird-lore in the literature of Anglo-Saxon England". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2014. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1431318/.

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This thesis presents an interdisciplinary approach towards understanding the ways in which Anglo-Saxons perceived the birds around them and the cultural associations with which we find them endowed in the literature. It focuses on closely examining the entire range of primary sources available to us in order to build as accurate and as complete a picture of Anglo-Saxon bird-lore as possible, and it stresses the indivisibility of observational experiences of birds and their cultural associations. As very little work has been done on birds in Old English, this thesis starts with the fundamentals: how were birds categorised, identified and differentiated? Such fundamental questions must be addressed if we are not to anachronistically impose our own understanding on the Old English evidence. My examination reveals that birds were primarily heard, rather than seen, and that this experience of birds is reflected in the literature, where descriptions focus on their calls, instead of their appearances. This aural primacy is stressed throughout the thesis. In the first half of the thesis I argue for remnants of an apparently ancient, and common Germanic, practice of augury in the literature of Anglo-Saxon England, in which the vocalisations of birds were held to contain prophecies and tidings of present import. I present arguments for this belief being grounded in observed experience, stressing the connection between bird-lore and the lived experiences of birds in the Anglo-Saxons’ environment. In the second half of the thesis, I demonstrate that Christian bird-lore was quite different, being steeped in symbolism and scholarly tradition rather than naturalistic observation, but that it had common ground in associating birds with divine knowledge. I subsequently show how the Christian traditions of birds interacted with pre-Christian bird-lore – both in terms of augury and in terms of Anglo-Saxon proto-scientific classification.

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11

Stearns, Danielle Marie 1969. "Bird abundance as an indicator of habitat quality for breeding birds". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278475.

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Reproductive success and survival of birds often are impractical to measure. Therefore, biologists frequently rely on measures of bird abundance alone to evaluate habitat quality for breeding birds. I examined whether results from standard survey techniques for birds during the breeding season reflected number of nesting pairs and reproductive success of 5 passerine species. Abundance of 3 species was positively associated with number of nesting pairs, but the relationship between abundance and reproductive success varied among these species. Differences in detectability of breeding males may partly explain why abundance and number of nesting pairs were related in some species and not in others. Variations in the availability and quality of habitat patches among plots could produce the different relationships I observed between abundance and reproductive success. My results suggest that measures of reproductive success as well as abundance should be used to determine habitat quality for breeding birds.

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12

Olsen, Björn. "Birds and Borrelia". Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Mikrobiologi, 1995. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-141295.

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The Lyme disease causing spirochaete Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato is transmitted by ticks within the genus Ixodes. These ticks are liberal host seekers and parasitise mammals, birds and reptiles. Prior to this study, the distribution of I. ricinus ticks and Lyme disease was thought to be restricted to the southern half of Sweden. On the island Norrbyskär, located in the Bothnian Gulf, there were reports of a high incidence of tick infestation on humans. To investigate the occurrence of B. burgdorferi s.l. in these ticks and to characterise presumptive isolates at the molecular level we sampled a number of I. ricinus ticks. Three different isolates were obtained from two different ticks, NBS16 from a nymph and NBS23a and NBS23b from an adult female tick. The seabird associated tick I. uriae is circumpolar distributed in both hemispheres. On the island Bonden, which house one of the largest seabird colonies in the Baltic Sea, I. uriae were collected and surveyed for spirochaetes. One isolate of B. burgdorferi s.l. was obtained. This B. burgdorferi s.l. isolate is identical to the Lyme disease Borrelia strain NBS16 isolated from Norrbyskär. To investigate the role of seabirds in the epidemiology of B. burgdorferi s.l., I. uriae were collected from seabird colonies in the southern and northern hemispheres. Borrelia DNA was extracted from the ticks and from cultured spirochaetes. Sequence analysis of the flagellin gene revealed that the DNA obtained was from B. garinii, regardless of the geographical origin of the sample. Identical fla gene fragments in ticks collected in both hemispheres indicate a transhemispheric exchange of B. garinii. A marine ecological niche and epidemiological route for Lyme disease Borrelia are proposed. The prevalence of B. burgdorferi s.l. infected ticks on migrating passerine birds was studied. A total of 22, 998 birds were caught and examined for ticks. The presence of spirochaetes in the 967 collected ticks was determined by DNA amplification by PCR on all ticks. To determine which B. burgdorferi s.l. species were present, classification was performed by DNA amplification using species-specific 16S rDNA primers and by DNA sequencing. Flagellin gene sequences of all species of B. burgdorferi s.l. previously recorded in Europe were found. B. garinii was the most prevalent. These data support the notion that passerine birds are at least partly responsible for the distribution of Lyme disease Borrelia spirochaetes in Europe. To elucidate the distribution of B. burgdorferi s.l. in subarctic regions, strains isolated from I. ricinus and I. uriae ticks found on islands in the northern Atlantic and Baltic Sea were characterised molecularly. All isolates were verified as B. garinii by 16S-rRNA gene analysis and immunoblotting using monoclonal antibodies specific for the outer surface proteins A and C. Three ribotypes (RT's) of B. garinii were found. The I. ricinus associated RT1 is phenotypically the most heterogeneous. RT2 is restricted to the islands in the northern Baltic Sea, whereas RT3 was also recovered from ticks found on islands in the North Atlantic. The heterogeneity of the B. garinii population in the Baltic Sea might be influenced by two geographically opposite directions, North Atlantic (RT3) and Euroasia (RT1).
digitalisering@umu.se

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13

Hughes, Amy L. "Birds of Ohio". FIU Digital Commons, 2012. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/608.

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BIRDS OF OHIO is a collection of lyrical and narrative poems that explore the interior nature of domestic life. These poems peer below the surface of ideas like home, family, faith, and marriage to reveal the complex contradictions and particular moments of love, fear, pain, and grace that create the domestic world of the speaker. Rooted in natural landscapes and often drawing on religious language, the poems point to the meeting of the physical and spiritual worlds, at times blurring the distinction between them. The collection is not divided into sections; rather, the different themes are braided together to create a portrait of domestic life where experiences of love and death, questions of faith and meaning, and conflict concerning marriage, family, addiction, and the idea of home are inextricable from one another.

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14

Bose, Anushika. "Birds & Blades". Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/22458.

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Kollisionen von Vögeln mit Windturbinen haben sich zu einer bedenklichen Quelle für die Gefährdung besonders von Populationen seltenerer Vogelarten entwickelt. Allerdings wird im Allgemeinen auch bestätigt, dass die Nutzung der Windenergie unverzichtbar ist. Das Hauptziel dieser Arbeit war es, die Relevanz der Wechselwirkungen zu verstehen, die zwischen technischen Infrastrukturen und den von Kollisionen betroffenen Vogelarten auf der Landschaftsebene stattfinden. Da sowohl von der Landschaft beeinflusst werden. Unter Nutzung der durch gezielte Nachsuche gefundenen Opfer der am häufigsten von Kollisionen betroffenen Artengruppen paradoxerweise as als Proxy für das Vorkommen von Arten, und Durch die Anwendung verschiedener Techniken zur Modellierung der Artenverbreitung (SDMs) die “kollisionsempfindliche Nische “für jede der Vogelgruppen beschrieben. Obwohl die vorhergesagten Gebiete mit potenziellen Kollisionsrisiko insgesamt nur kleine, aber stark verteilt im ungefährdes Bundeslandes hatten. Greifvögel mit die breiteste Nische, die zudem signifikante Überlappungen mit den kollisionsempfindlichen Nischen der anderen Gruppen aufwies. Die niedrig bewerteten Gebiete weiter differenziert, die als tatsächliche „Bereiche ohne Risiko“ interpretiert wurden, für weitere geplante Winkraftanlagen. Zusätzlich die jeweiligen Potentiale und Gefärdungen für Kollisionen auf der Basis der regionalen Dichteverteilungen der Arten in Brandenburg mit Ensemble-Methoden von Boosted Regression Trees wird ebenfalls bewertet. Zusammenfassend, diese Analysen paradigmatisch, sowohl die Gebiete als auch die Entfernungen zu den Grenzlinien der verschiedenen Landnutzungsformen ein höheres Risiko für die Kollision von Individuen der untersuchten Arten mit Windkraftanlagen ergibt ermitteln . Dieser Ansatz kann es möglich machen, zukünftige Windparkerweiterungen in der Landschaft im die möglichst kollisionsfreie und naturverträglicheStandorte in der Landschaft.
Although, it is well recognized that harnessing wind energy is highly indispensable, but collisions of birds at wind turbines has also developed simultaneously, concerning multiple bird species. With wind being strongly affected by the landscape and the behaviour of birds also being strongly influenced by the landscape, the main objective of the thesis was to understand the relevance of interactions between wind energy infrastructures and bird species from an ecological perspective of the landscape. Utilizing the carcass collision datasets of the frequently-hit bird-groups paradoxically as proxies for species presence, collision sensitive ecological distances to different land-use types were ascertained, by employing multiple techniques of species distribution modelling (SDMs), to delineate their respective collision sensitive niche employing the capabilities of machine learning algorithms. The predicted areas were specialized and highly dispersed across the federal state, with raptors showing the broadest niche and significant overlaps with the other groups. Based on estimated collision probabilities of the assessed areas (between 0 and 1), further segregations differentiated only those areas with negligible collision probabilities, <0.05, which were interpreted as the actual "no risk areas, suggesting any further planned additions of wind turbines to be suitably positioned only in these “safer” areas. Additionally, these collision probabilities were translated to strike susceptibilities, by relating them to the regional density distributions of the species as well. Summarizing, these analyses paradigmatically ascertained collision risk areas, and especially the collision sensitive distances from different land-use types to these areas, enabling the accurate guidance of future wind farm expansions in the landscape. Ultimately, formulating novel wind turbine allocation strategies to minimize avian collisions, making them as compatible as possible.

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Salameh, Hadeel J. "Dancing with Birds". Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1552037191445985.

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16

Kirkland, Shauna. "Birds of Prey". VCU Scholars Compass, 2013. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3019.

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As a child growing up, I was always in love with the ritual of “dress up”. Whether it was my dolls, various reluctant pets, or myself, it was always an activity I loved. It is not surprising then that adornment has become the medium through which I express myself and bring my fantasy world to life. Jewelry and accessory have the potential to lead many lives. One particular piece can change entirely by putting it on one body as opposed to another, or by removing it to see it as an object. In fashion, the body is the canvas and the runway becomes the moment of performance. My work uses the body in much the same way where the wearer becomes performer. Through this act, we construct personal forms of armor, or “power suits”, to face the battlefield of the outside world. In harnessing this act of adorning and what it encompasses, I am consistently challenged as both designer and maker. Creating alter egos, whether subtly flirtatious or overtly sexual, demure or flamboyant, are some of the many ways in which these “power suits” can be concocted. The stories we project about ourselves daily, through how we adorn our naked bodies, become empowering. Myths versus reality, ascetic versus sensual, and beautiful versus ugly are some of the concepts from which I draw inspiration. These dualities are conceptually expressed in my work through physical combinations of opposing materials. Mixing mediums, through methods such as collaging, beading, needlepointing, knitting, and sewing, are integral in my designs. With alternative materials, such as feathers, textiles, and yarns, I add softness and new scintillating sensations when juxtaposed with the hard, cold qualities of metal. Through combining such materials, I construct pieces that not only challenge one’s notion of what “pretty” is, but also inspire the way one thinks about body adornment. The objects I create become vessels that actualize the dualities I strive to express. In producing hybrids of materials, my need to explore these dichotomies is satisfied.

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17

Shotton, William Howard. "Birds of Paradise". OpenSIUC, 2012. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/861.

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18

Goerrissen, Jan. "Grassland birds in California : an investigation into the influence of season, floristic composition, and artificial structures on avian community structure /". For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2005. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Davis, 2005.
"June 2005"--Leaf 1. Degree granted in Ecology. Includes bibliographical references. Also available via the World Wide Web. (Restricted to UC campuses)

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Grist, Hannah. "Patterns and consequences of variation in winter location in a partially migratory population of European shags". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2014. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=225313.

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20

Appleman, Kelley H. "Measuring the recreational use value of migratory shorebirds a stated preference study of birdwatching on the Delaware Bay /". Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 116 p, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1885462211&sid=6&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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21

Dalebjörk, Marcus. "Fågelintresse : En studie kring hur fågelintresset ser ut i Sverige idag och vad som gör folk intresserade av fåglar". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-105447.

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The interest in birds has had a rapid increase since the 1800 century. Nowadays the interest is especially big in the US and UK. The aim of this study was to see if the interest in birds followed the same pattern here in Sweden, as well as to see why people get interested in birds to begin with. To answer the purposes of the study, questionnaires were handed out to people in the age of ten and older. Along with to see how many people were interested in birds, the purpose of the questionnaire was to see whom is interested in birds and if birds had any special meaning to the participants. The study indicated that the interest followed the same path here in Sweden as in the US and UK. Women were more interested in birds than men and the interest increased with age. The average bird enthusiast was a woman between 45 and 54 years old. However one can’t wholly tell why people are interested in birds, since the interest in birds lies within the people themselves. One can though say that birds and birding have physical and psychological health benefits, which could be a reason for their allure.

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22

Chan, Sin-wai. "Religious release of birds in Hong Kong". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B38345821.

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23

Gram, Wendy K. "The social structure of an avian community during the nonbreeding season /". free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1996. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9717162.

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24

Azpiroz, Adrián B. "Grassland birds in natural and cultivated grasslands in the northern campos of Uruguay diversity patterns, responses to vegetation structure, and nest survival /". Diss., St. Louis, Mo. : University of Missouri--St. Louis, 2008. http://etd.umsl.edu/r2981.

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Burris, John M. "Bird community responses to catastrophic blowdown in the Superior National Forest /". Link to abstracts, 2004. http://epapers.uwsp.edu/abstracts/2004/Burris.pdf.

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26

Axelsson, Erik. "Comparative Genomics in Birds". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7432.

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27

Jetz, W. "Biodiversity of African birds". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.393561.

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Davis, Paul G. "The taphonomy of birds". Thesis, University of Bristol, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/66bf971f-5ef0-44ec-83e5-92c7887f7471.

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Palaeo-ornithology has been dominated by taxonomy. To try and redress the balance and help palaeoecologists interpret fossil birds in a biological and ecological perspective, the taphonomy of birds needs to be fully understood. The taphonomy of birds is concerned with all processes from death to the collection of the fossil bird. Between these two points (the transfer of the organism from the biosphere to the lithosphere) a variety of forces and processes affect the bird/fossil. By means of experiments in the natural environment and in controlled conditions in the laboratory, and subsequent comparisons of the results with case studies of fossil assemblages, the processes leading to preservation can be deduced and the former living community restored on the basis of the fossil evidence. The research involved two main approaches: 1. experimental taphonomy / observational taphonomy; and 2. case histories of fossil communities and their interpretation. Experimental work was carried out in the natural environment. Two field sites were chosen in southern Florida, a freshwater environment and a marine environment. The monitoring and controlling of these experiments required knowledge and techniques in zoology, botany, ecology, sedimentology, limnology, marine biology, microbiology, pathology and forensic science. Results obtained included the effects of scavenging, anoxia, transport, rate of burial, and temperature on rates of decay, the causes of bird mortality, the processes resulting in disarticulation, and the effects of decay upon feathers. Once the experimentaVobservational data had been collected they allowed a series of taphonomic thresholds (a decay sequence) to be defined. These data were then applied to case studies of fossil bird assemblages from different sedimentological environments. The following LagersHitten were investigated: Messel (Eocene, Germany) = restricted lacustrine; Green River (Eocene, USA) = lacustrine; Solnhofen Lithographic Limestone (Jurassic, Germany) = restricted marine; La Meseta Formation (Eocene, Antarctica) = marine; Rancho La Brea (Pleistocene, USA) = terrestrial "trap". The biases in each environment were assessed (e.g. birds in an aquatic ten-estrial environment had a higher preservation potential than birds from a tenestrial environment). The fossil record of birds is not as depauperate as previously thought but is heavily biased, depending on the proximity of the bird's habitat to that of the preserving sedimentary environment. Marine and littoral birds are poorly represented even though they inhabit sedimentary environments with a high preservation potential. This reflects low densities of birds per unit area. Aquatic birds (and terrestrial birds that inhabit the ecotone surrounding freshwater together with some larger fOlIDS from further away) are much better represented. This is because they inhabit the only terrestrial environments with a high preservation potential, coupled with the high densities of individuals per unit area. The bias towards large terrestrial birds is due to their large bones being more resistant to transport induced damage. These results have implications for the understanding of the evolution of birds. Patterns of evolution in birds can not be fully resolved on fossil evidence alone; biases in the taphonomy of birds only permit a small proportion of species from certain environments to be preserved. The taphonomy of feathers was investigated and it was discovered that the "organic trace" that commonly represents the outline of the feather trace is the diagenetically altered glycocalyx of the bacteria that were degrading the feather. In several localities these feather-degrading bactelia are preserved in authigenic minerals. The taphonomy of bats and pterosaurs was also investigated. The similarity of anatomical structures of birds, bats and pterosaurs results in similar taphonomic pathways.

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Loftie-Eaton, Megan. "Woody cover and birds". Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29375.

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Major influences on biodiversity in general and on species distributions in particular have occurred on South African landscapes over time as a result of human activities and climate change. Landscapes in southern Africa are not only a product of changes in climate, but they are also a product of the changes brought about by people and their land management practices. In recent decades, bush encroachment has increased dramatically throughout the Savanna Biome of South Africa. Bush encroachment is a vegetation dynamic of global interest. It refers to the thickening or increase of woody vegetation (trees and shrubs) at the expense of grasses and/or herbaceous vegetation. In many areas across South Africa, systems that were once open grassland have become dense thickets dominated by trees and shrubs. Bush encroachment is driven by global factors like increasing carbon dioxide (CO2) levels in the atmosphere as well as local factors like grazing pressures and fire management practices. In Africa, it has long been recognized that there is an influence of vegetation patterns and structure on the distribution and abundance of birds. Changes in habitats due to an increase or decrease in woody cover has been linked to changes in bird diversity and community structure. This thesis looks at what impacts bush encroachment has had on bird distributions in eastern South Africa, with a special focus on the Kruger National Park as well as Palearctic migrants. Chapter 2 of the thesis develops a new quantitative method to relate bird distributions to woody cover. The algorithm is experimental, and an important aspect of the chapter is to investigate whether the results obtained coincide with expectations. The approach first estimates the proportion of the bird species in an area which occur in each woody cover category in a region. It also calculates the proportion of the area of the region which is in each woody cover category. It then uses Jacobs Index to provide an estimate of the extent of preference/avoidance of each species for each woody cover category, on a scale that runs from +1 (the entire population of the species is in that woody cover category) to –1 (none of the population of the species is in that woody cover category). The method is tested on a region consisting of three one-degree grid cells spanning Mpumalanga, Limpopo and Gauteng which include a diversity of woody cover categories, from grassland (no woody cover) to savanna to dense woodland. Chapter 3 applies this approach to the birds of the Kruger National Park, examining which species have distributions which can, and which cannot, be explained to a greater or lesser extent by a preference for a particular range of woody covers. Bird species are selected for close monitoring for ecological management purposes of the Kruger National Park. Chapter 4 considers a set of 10 bird species, all of which are migrants to South Africa from Eurasia, and occur to a large extent during their non-breeding period within the savanna biome of South Africa. For each species, the extent of increase in relative abundance between the first and second bird atlas projects in the region (SABAP1 and SABAP2) is estimated. In most cases, the change of relative abundance can be explained in terms of bush encroachment. The likely provenance of these species in Eurasia is considered; for most species, this area lies in southwestern Asia, i.e. the Ukraine and adjacent Russia. Changes in habitat in this region are also considered and help to improve the understanding of how the populations in South Africa have changed.

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Dye, Larry. "The birds of Faulkner /". Available to subscribers only, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1559850841&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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31

Wetherell, Ann Elizabeth. "Reading birds : Confucian imagery in the bird paintings of Shen Zhou, 1427-1509 /". view abstract or download file of text, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1192182601&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=11238&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2006.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 275-290). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

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32

Furness, Lindsay Jayne. "Energetics, oxidative damage and ageing in birds". Thesis, Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources, 2009. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=25473.

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33

Nicodemus, Amanda. "Social analysis of resident chickadees within hybrid-zone flocks and relationships with irruption visitors". Click here for download, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1820136221&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=3260&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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34

Jackson, Brandon Edward. "The allometry of bird flight performance". Diss., [Missoula, Mont.] : University of Montana, 2009. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-03102010-100229.

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35

Bulin, Brad A. "Avian diversity in relation to lakeshore development in Portage County, Wisconsin /". Link to abstract, 2005. http://epapers.uwsp.edu/abstracts/2005/Bulin.pdf.

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36

Mazzei, Benjamin A. "Monitoring birds and habitat in early-successional sites in Connecticut". Amherst, Mass. : University of Massachusetts Amherst, 2009. http://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/229/.

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37

Rodríguez-Ferraro, Adriana. "Community ecology and phylogeography of bird assemblages in arid zones of northern Venezuela implications for the conservation of restricted-range birds /". Diss., St. Louis, Mo. : University of Missouri--St. Louis, 2008. http://etd.umsl.edu/r3141.

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38

Linder, Eric Thomas. "Effects of forest fragmentation on neotropical migrant landbirds in east-central Illinois /". View online, 1992. http://repository.eiu.edu/theses/docs/32211998880980.pdf.

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39

Shoji, Akiko. "Incubation strategy in marine birds". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28466.

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The incubation shift length of the Ancient Murrelet ( Synthliboramphus antiquus), an exceptionally long and varied for an auk. I studied colonies of this species at East Limestone Island (1993-1995, 2002-2003: data collected by Laskeek Bay Conservation Society) and Reef Island (2007-2008), Haida Gwaii, British Columbia. Incubation shift length was correlated between pair members and my results show that maintaining incubation schedule was an essential component of reproductive success. Incubation shift length varied in response to prevailing local weather and sea conditions (e.g. wind speed, wave height), perhaps as a consequence of reduced foraging efficiency. Incubation shift length was longer in years when sea surface temperature in April was high. In years with longer shift, birds had lower reproductive success and chicks departed the nest with a lower body mass. My results explained if we assume that multi-day incubation shifts in Ancient Murrelets are the adaptively preferred strategy, through reduction in predation risk, but that actual shift lengths are modified by immediate weather and foraging constraints.

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40

Fox, Elizabeth J. S. "Call-independent identification in birds". University of Western Australia. School of Animal Biology, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0218.

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[Truncated abstract] The identification of individual animals based on acoustic parameters is a non-invasive method of identifying individuals with considerable advantages over physical marking procedures. One requirement for an effective and practical method of acoustic individual identification is that it is call-independent, i.e. determining identity does not require a comparison of the same call or song type. This means that an individuals identity over time can be determined regardless of any changes to its vocal repertoire, and different individuals can be compared regardless of whether they share calls. Although several methods of acoustic identification currently exist, for example discriminant function analysis or spectrographic cross-correlation, none are call-independent. Call-independent identification has been developed for human speaker recognition, and this thesis aimed to: 1) determine if call-independent identification was possible in birds, using similar methods to those used for human speaker recognition, 2) examine the impact of noise in a recording on the identification accuracy and determine methods of removing the noise and increasing accuracy, 3) provide a comparison of features and classifiers to determine the best method of call-independent identification in birds, and 4) determine the practical limitations of call-independent identification in birds, with respect to increasing population size, changing vocal characteristics over time, using different call categories, and using the method in an open population. ... For classification, Gaussian mixture models and probabilistic neural networks resulted in higher accuracy, and were simpler to use, than multilayer perceptrons. Using the best methods of feature extraction and classification resulted in 86-95.5% identification accuracy for two passerine species, with all individuals correctly identified. A study of the limitations of the technique, in terms of population size, the category of call used, accuracy over time, and the effects of having an open population, found that acoustic identification using perceptual linear prediction and probabilistic neural networks can be used to successfully identify individuals in a population of at least 40 individuals, can be used successfully on call categories other than song, and can be used in open populations in which a new recording may belong to a previously unknown individual. However, identity was only able to be determined with accuracy for less than three months, limiting the current technique to short-term field studies. This thesis demonstrates the application of speaker recognition technology to enable call-independent identification in birds. Call-independence is a pre-requisite for the successful application of acoustic individual identification in many species, especially passerines, but has so far received little attention in the scientific literature. This thesis demonstrates that call-independent identification is possible in birds, as well as testing and finding methods to overcome the practical limitations of the methods, enabling their future use in biological studies, particularly for the conservation of threatened species.

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41

Ghim, Mimi M. "Spatial contrast sensitivity of birds". College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/65.

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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2003.
Thesis research directed by: Psychology. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.

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42

Trevelyan, R. J. "Life history variation in birds". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.315861.

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43

Ozawa, Yukie. "Vision and movement in birds". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.543000.

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44

Fung, Po-kei, e 馮寶基. "Invasive birds in Hong Kong". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31255486.

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Jones, Katherine M. G. "Reproductive decisions in monogamous birds". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368524.

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46

Lee, Sonia Jean. "Body mass regulation in birds". Thesis, University of Bristol, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336929.

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47

Bose, Anushika [Verfasser]. "Birds & Blades / Anushika Bose". Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1229435301/34.

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48

Fidgett, Andrea. "Nutritional aspects of breeding birds". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.392567.

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49

Masinde, Brian. "Birds' Flight Range. : Sensitivity Analysis". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-166248.

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’Flight’ is a program that uses flight mechanics to estimate the flight range of birds. This program, used by ornithologists, is only available for Windows OS. It requires manual imputation of body measurements and constants (one observation at a time) and this is time-consuming. Therefore, the first task is to implement the methods in R, a programming language that runs on various platforms. The resulting package named flying, has three advantages; first, it can estimate flight range of multiple bird observations, second, it makes it easier to experiment with different settings (e.g. constants) in comparison to Flight and third, it is open-source making contribution relatively easy. Uncertainty and global sen- sitivity analyses are carried out on body measurements separately and with various con- stants. In doing so, the most influential body variables and constants are discovered. This task would have been near impossible to undertake using ’Flight’. A comparison is made amongst the results from a crude partitioning method, generalized additive model, gradi- ent boosting machines and quasi-Monte Carlo method. All of these are based on Sobol’s method for variance decomposition. The results show that fat mass drives the simulations with other inputs playing a secondary role (for example mechanical conversion efficiency and body drag coefficient).

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Pravosudov, Vladimir V. "Energy management in wintering birds /". The Ohio State University, 1997. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487946776024212.

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