Tesi: "Biotransformation"

1

Veddeler, Birgit. "Biotransformation terpenoider Substrate mit Mikroorganismen." [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=971903751.

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2

Mohamad, Shaza Eva. "Biotransformation of the morphinan alkaloids." Thesis, University of York, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.445460.

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3

Gall, Mechthild [Verfasser]. "Biotransformation von Flavonoiden / Mechthild Gall." Greifswald : Universitätsbibliothek Greifswald, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1078939063/34.

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4

Flambeau, Jean-Pierre. "Essai de biotransformation du carbazole." Metz, 1990. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1990/Flambeau.Jean_Pierre_1.SMZ9016.pdf.

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Ce travail consiste en une étude sur la biodégradation d'un sous-produit de cokéfaction polycyclique, très peu soluble dans l'eau et ayant un noyau structural indolique : le carbazole. Le but de cette étude est de produire par voie bactérienne de l'indole en utilisant le carbazole comme substrat. Pour cela, il a été nécessaire de sélectionner les genres bactériens capables d'utiliser le carbazole comme source de carbone et de rendre cette molécule soluble dans l'eau pour favoriser sa biodégradation. La dynamique des cultures bactériennes ayant comme substrat le carbazole ou le carbazole dissous en présence de tensioactifs de synthèse ou encore l'acide carbazole monosulfonique synthétise au laboratoire a été étudiée en fonction du temps. Il s'est avéré que l'acide carbazole monosulfonique très soluble dans l'eau, était le plus biodisponible et très biodégradable. Après avoir testé plusieurs bactéries et plusieurs types de milieu de culture en modifiant les rapports c/n/p afin de rechercher la combinaison optimale pour la production de métabolites indoliques, il s'est avéré que seules les bactéries proteus vulgaris et pseudomonas sp, dans les conditions de milieu phosphore limitant, ont permis de mettre en évidence des métabolites extracellulaires (isatine, catéchol, acide carboxy-2 indole et indole) lors de la biodégradation de l'acide carbazole monosulfonique

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5

FLAMBEAU, JEAN-PIERRE BLOCK J. C. "ESSAIS DE BIOTRANSFORMATION DU CARBAZOLE /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1990. ftp://ftp.scd.univ-metz.fr/pub/Theses/1990/Flambeau.Jean_Pierre_1.SMZ9016.pdf.

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6

Eyrich, Berit. "Untersuchungen zur Biotransformation neuer substituierter Piperidylbenzilate." Doctoral thesis, [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=964723913.

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7

Korkmaz, Erdural Beril. "Morphine Biotransformation By Microbial Phenol Oxidases." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12607014/index.pdf.

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ABSTRACT MORPHINE BIOTRANSFORMATIONS BY MICROBIAL PHENOL OXIDASES Erdural Korkmaz, Beril M.S., Department of Chemical Engineering Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Ufuk Bakir Co-Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Ayhan S. Demir January 2006, 96 pages The objective of this study is to perform morphine biotransformation by using phenol oxidases. Syctalidium thermophilum, Thermomyces lanuginosus and Phanerochaete chrysosporium cells and culture fluid were used as microbial intracellular and extracellular phenol oxidases. Besides the phenol oxidases produced in laboratory, commercial pure phenol oxidases, A. bisporus tyrosinase and laccase, T. versicolor laccase and horseradish peroxidase, were also used in the morphine biotransformation reactions. Morphine biotransformation to pseudo-morphine was achieved by using pure T. versicolor laccase, A.bisporous tyrosinase and laccase. Before utilization of phenol oxidases in morphine biotransformations, the time course of microbial phenol oxidase productions were followed. Maximum phenol oxidase activity of S. thermophilum were detected on the 5th day of cultivation as 0.17 U/ml and the 4th day of cultivation as 0.072 U/ml, respectively. On the other hand, maximum laccase activity of P. chrysosporium was detected on the 8th day of cultivation as 78.5 U/ml. Although phenol oxidases which were obtained from S. thermophilum or T. lanuginosus could not catalyze morphine biotransformation, phenol oxidases including a peroxidase of P. chrysosporium transformed morphine to pseudo-morphine and an unknown product.

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8

Prichanont, Seeroong. "Epoxide biotransformation in non-conventional media." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307437.

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9

Campbell, Wayne Luwesley. "Physiology of cortexolone biotransformation by fungi." Thesis, University of Kent, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.280431.

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10

Hung, Yi-Feng. "Microbial biotransformation of 2-arylpropionic acids." Thesis, University of Brighton, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.361579.

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11

Kerridge, Alison P. "The microbial biotransformation of nitrile compounds." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262431.

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12

Hunt, Jonathan Ralph. "Biotransformation of alkenes by Rhodococcus OU." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1991. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/109487/.

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Epoxides are an important class of synthons, produced in large quantities (notably epoxyethane and epoxypropane) for the manufacture of polymers. Reaction of epoxides with nucleophiles is stereospecific, offering a route to homochiral pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals from homochiral epoxides. With few exceptions, production of homochiral epoxides is difficult to achieve by chemical syntheses alone. However, alkene epoxidation by monooxygenase enzymes has been shown to proceed with a high degree of stereoselectivity in many instances. The aims of this project were to isolate microorganisms capable of converting alkenes to epoxides and to select the most suitable isolate for further characterization. Two Gram positive bacteria were isolated using α-methylstyrene (αMeS-1) and octane (Rhodococcus OU). The latter isolate was subjected to a more detailed study. Rhodococcus OU were shown to convert a range of structurally diverse alkenes to their corresponding epoxides: aliphatic (1-alkenes from propene to 1-tetradecene and cis-2- butene), alicyclic (cyclopentene and cyclohexene) and aromatic (styrene, allylbenzene and allylphenylether) alkenes. Alcohols, aldehydes and ketones were produced from alkenes with sub-terminal double bonds, in addition to epoxides. The stereoselectivity of alkene epoxidation was investigated by chiral HPLC. Partial resolution of (±)-1,2-epoxy-3-phenoxypropane was achieved, although assignment of the two peaks was not possible. Biotransformation of allyl phenyl ether to 1,2-epoxy-3- phenoxypropane was shown to proceed in a stereoselective manner. Problems associated with the chiral analysis of styrene oxide were not overcome, but preliminary results suggest that Rhodococcus OU is completely stereoselective for (R)-(+)-styrene oxide. Alkene epoxidation was shown to occur by one or more monooxygenase enzymes, expression of which is inducible by growth on n-alkanes but not by growth on 1-hexanol or glucose. Catalytic activity was retained after freezing in liquid nitrogen and storage at -70°C, only diminishing after being stored in excess of two months. Optimization of 1-alkene epoxidation was investigated, with particular reference to 1-hexene epoxidation. The specific rate of 1-alkene epoxidation (qp) was shown to increase as chain length decreased, correlating with an increase in 1-alkene solubility in water. Increasing the biocatalyst concentration resulted in an increase in volumetric productivity, but a decrease in qp. Epoxidation of 1-hexene showed saturable kinetics, qp being maximal between 0.05% to 0.10% (v/v) 1-hexene, whilst the final concentration of 1,2-epoxyhexane attained was concentration-dependant up to 0.40% (v/v) 1-hexene (the maximum concentration tested). Addition of co-substrates was not shown to enhance qp.

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13

Schwarz, Johann. "Downstream-processing und Biotransformation von nachwachsenden Rohstoffen." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=981881009.

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14

Schräder, Thomas. "Biotransformation und Abbau heterozyklischer Verbindungen durch Bakterien." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=964716046.

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15

Kopp, Eva Katharina. "Biotransformation and Toxicokinetics of Acrylamide in Humans." kostenfrei, 2009. http://www.opus-bayern.de/uni-wuerzburg/volltexte/2009/3727/.

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16

Okanga, Francis Inyangala. "Biotransformation of cruciferous phytoalexins by pathogenic fungi." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0016/NQ37905.pdf.

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17

Zaharia, Lacramioara Irina. "Alternaria blackspot phytotoxins, biotransformation and phytoalexin elicitation." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/NQ63941.pdf.

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18

Misra, Girish. "Biotransformation of monoterpenes and their chlorination products." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/20842.

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19

Sideso, Odafe. "Biotransformation of steroid by a thermophilic bacillus." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243904.

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20

Archer, Ian Victor James. "Enantioselective synthesis of oxygenated hydrocarbons by biotransformation." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.244038.

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21

Boontawan, Apichat. "A membrane bioreactor for biotransformation of terpenes." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.413713.

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22

Ridyard, C. H. "The biotransformation of adamantane and its derivatives." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308344.

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23

Hunter, Alan Christy. "The biotransformation of steroids by Cephalosporium aphidicola." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360523.

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24

Yildirim, Kudret. "The biotransformation and synthesis of some steroids." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340848.

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25

Gimpel, Erik Richard. "Biotransformation of morphine alkaloids by cytochromes P450." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.616233.

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26

Deligeorgopoulou, Athina. "Sesquiterpenoids and their biotransformation by Botrytis cinerea." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.392802.

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27

GRIVEL, FRANCK. "Biotransformation de la -ionone par aspergillus niger." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999CLF22176.

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Le travail presente porte sur l'etude de la biotransformation de la -ionone par aspergillus niger ifo 8541, reaction qui conduit majoritairement a la formation de derives hydroxyles. La caracterisation du comportement du precurseur en phase aqueuse aeree revele que le systeme est en realite de nature biphasique ; un phenomene d'autooxydation ainsi qu'un entrainement important dans le flux gazeux issu du bioreacteur sont egalement mis en evidence. L'analyse des transferts entre phases revele que le solute pur transite par le gaz avant d'alimenter le milieux aqueux. La composition du milieu de culture influe a la fois sur la composition et la vitesse de croissance du champignon filamenteux. Le deroulement d'une biotransformation, qui s'effectue avec le microorganisme immobilise dans des particules d'alginate de calcium, met en uvre une periode d'adaptation du champignon filamenteux suivie d'une phase de biotransformation pure, se deroulant avec un rendement quantitatif. Le procede permet d'obtenir environ 2 g/l de metabolites en 400 h de culture.

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28

Zhu, Zhiguang. "Enzymatic fuel cells via synthetic pathway biotransformation." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/51948.

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Enzyme-catalyzed biofuel cells would be a great alternative to current battery technology, as they are clean, safe, and capable of using diverse and abundant renewable biomass with high energy densities, at mild reaction conditions. However, currently, three largest technical challenges for emerging enzymatic fuel cell technologies are incomplete oxidation of most fuels, limited power output, and short lifetime of the cell. Synthetic pathway biotransformation is a technology of assembling a number of enzymes coenzymes for producing low-value biocommodities. In this work, it was applied to generate bioelectricity for the first time. Non-natural enzymatic pathways were developed to utilize maltodextrin and glucose in enzymatic fuel cells. Three immobilization approaches were compared for preparing enzyme electrodes. Thermostable enzymes from thermophiles were cloned and expressed for improving the lifetime and stability of the cell. To further increase the power output, non-immobilized enzyme system was demonstrated to have higher power densities compared to those using immobilized enzyme system, due to better mass transfer and retained native enzyme activities. With the progress on pathway development and power density/stability improvement in enzymatic fuel cells, a high energy density sugar-powered enzymatic fuel cell was demonstrated. The enzymatic pathway consisting of 13 thermostable enzymes enabled the complete oxidation of glucose units in maltodextrin to generate 24 electrons, suggesting a high energy density of such enzymatic fuel cell (300 Wh/kg), which was several folds higher than that of a lithium-ion battery. Maximum power density was 0.74 mW/cm2 at 50 deg C and 20 mM fuel concentration, which was sufficient to power a digital clock or a LED light. These results suggest that enzymatic fuel cells via synthetic pathway biotransformation could achieve high energy density, high power density and increased lifetime. Future efforts should be focused on further increasing power density and enzyme stability in order to make enzymatic fuel cells commercially applicable. Ph. D.

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29

Boshoff, Aileen. "The biotransformation of phenolic pollutants using polyphenol oxidase." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004035.

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The potential of using mushroom polyphenol oxidase (EC 1.14.18.1) as a biocatalyst for the biotransformation of phenols to produce catechols in an aqueous medium was investigated. Polyphenol oxidase is characterised by two distinct reactions i.e., the ortho-hydroxylation of phenols to catechols (cresolase activity) and the subsequent oxidation of catechols to orthoquinones (catecholase activity). In order to facilitate the development of a process to produce catechols, the accumulation of catechol as a true intermediate product released in the reaction system needed to be investigated, as its release had been disputed due to the oxidation of catechols to o-quinones. Using LC-MS, catechol products were successfully identified as true intermediate products formed during biocatalytic reactions in water.

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30

Beydilli, Mumtaz Inan. "Reductive biotransformation and decolorization of reactive azo dyes." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/21451.

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31

Serment, Amélie. "Dynamique et intensité de biotransformation dans le rumen." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00802657.

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La " biotransformation ruminale " est un concept qui regroupe l'ensemble des réactions se produisant dans le rumen (dégradation, synthèse et conversion). Ces réactions sont pilotées par trois forces motrices majeures : les lois de la cinétique chimique, de la thermodynamique et de la dynamique des populations microbiennes. Cette thèse a pour objectif d'étudier l'impact d'un facteur alimentaire (pourcentage de concentrés incorporés dans la ration, supplémentation en huile) sur le fonctionnement du rumen et la biotransformation ruminale des constituants alimentaires en termes de dynamique et d'intensité. Cette thèse a combiné trois types d'approches : un essai in vivo sur des chèvres en milieu de lactation, deux essais in vitro (méthode du gaz-test) et une approche de modélisation mécaniste. In vivo, les réactions de biotransformation ont été évaluées par un suivi de la dynamique postprandiale et des mesures de bilans duodénaux. De plus, nous avons étudié l'influence réciproque des phénomènes ruminaux et de l'animal-hôte (comportement d'ingestion, métabolisme, paramètres zootechniques, et qualité du lait) sur le long terme (6 semaines). Nos résultats sont en accord avec la plupart des études antérieures effectuées chez la chèvre ou la vache laitières. Les modifications du comportement d'ingestion observées après 6 semaines avec le régime riche en concentrés ont eu un effet sur les phénomènes digestifs ruminaux. Les flux duodénaux d'acides gras ont expliqué les profils en acides gras du lait. Les études in vitro ont donné des résultats très cohérents par rapport à l'in vivo lorsque les animaux donneurs recevaient les régimes incubés. Enfin, nous avons développé un modèle mécaniste de fonctionnement de rumen in vitro décrivant de manière spécifique les lois physico-chimiques expliquant les dynamiques d'évolution du pH et de formation de gaz. Ce modèle aboutit à des résultats satisfaisants et pourrait être intégré à un modèle de rumen plus complet. La modélisation semble être le meilleur moyen pour intégrer toutes les réactions de biotransformation observées lors d'expérimentations.

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32

Gradley, Michelle Lorraine. "Biotransformation of nitriles by Rhodococcus rhodocrous NCIMB 11216." Thesis, University of Kent, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240163.

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33

Beeton, S. "Biotransformation of T-2 toxin by bacterial communities." Thesis, University of Kent, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234437.

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34

Millington, Heather Jane. "Biotransformation of xenobiotics by the Hyphomycete, Ulocladium altrum." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.285740.

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35

Webb, Martin Darren. "Biotransformation of pentachlorophenol by actinomycetes isolated from compost." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243205.

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36

Martin, Jacqueline Delyth. "Characterisation of hydrolase enzymes important in biotransformation reactions." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.246395.

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37

Bensasson, Caroline Sylvia. "Synthesis and biotransformation of steroids by Cephalosporium aphidicola." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241688.

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38

Boccadoro, Catherine. "Biotransformation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene by novel Rhodococcus spp." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.614035.

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39

Ximenes, JÃlio CÃsar Martins. "Shrimp waste biotransformation in high value added products." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2015. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=16575.

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Abstract (sommario):

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico A carcinicultura Ã o segmento da aquicultura que mais cresce no mundo. No Brasil, o CearÃ Ã o maior produtor com 50% de toda a produÃÃo. Sabe-se que aproximadamente 40% do peso do camarÃo sejam considerados resÃduos, como a cabeÃa, a cauda e a casca, gerando grandes quantidades de resÃduos que devem ser descartados adequadamente. Assim, o reaproveitamento de resÃduos da carcinicultura atravÃs de recursos biotecnolÃgicos surge como uma alternativa inovadora para reduzir a poluiÃÃo ambiental causada por essa atividade. O presente estudo teve por objetivo aperfeiÃoar um processo biotecnolÃgico baseado na utilizaÃÃo de consÃrcio bacteriano capaz de fermentar os resÃduos da carcinicultura transformando-os em lÃquor para ser utilizado na alimentaÃÃo de pÃs-larvas de TilÃpia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) em fase de reversÃo sexual. As linhagens de bactÃrias lÃticas utilizadas foram identificadas atravÃs do sequenciamento dos genes RNAr 16S, rpoA e pheS e por testes bioquÃmicos envolvendo a habilidade de fermentar carboidratos. Para a seleÃÃo do consÃrcio foram realizados estudos de cinÃtica quÃmica, modelos matemÃticos de Monod, Andrews e Levenspiel para determinar possÃveis tipos de inibiÃÃo do processo de fermentaÃÃo lÃtica de cabeÃas de camarÃo. Para avaliar o potencial do lÃquor resultante da fermentaÃÃo como suplemento na alimentaÃÃo de pÃs-larvas de tilÃpia foram confeccionadas raÃÃes com inclusÃes de lÃquor na proporÃÃo de 15, 30 e 45 %, monitorando-se a qualidade da Ãgua e os parÃmetros de temperatura, oxigÃnio dissolvido, pH, salinidade, nitrogÃnio amoniacal total, nitrito, nitrato e ortofosfato, alÃm do desempenho zootÃcnico. Para tanto, foram avaliados a taxa de sobrevivÃncia, taxa de crescimento especÃfico, ganho em peso e comprimento, fator de conversÃo alimentar e seleÃÃo por tamanho. Como resultados deste trabalho foram identificadas linhagens de lactobacilos nomeadas Lact7, Lact8, Lact9 e Lact14 como pertencentes a espÃcie Lactobacillus plantarum, Lact6 como L. futsaii e Lact11 como Pediococcus acidilactici. Quantos aos parÃmetros cinÃticos da fermentaÃÃo, as linhagens Lacts6, Lact7 e Lact14 apresentaram os melhores resultados e nÃo houve indÃcios de inibiÃÃo pelo substrato ou produto. Durante a fermentaÃÃo das cabeÃas de camarÃo o consÃrcio formado pelas linhagens Lact6 e Lact14 produziram os mais altos rendimentos de Ãcido lÃtico, cerca de 100 g.L-1. InclusÃes do lÃquor resultante da fermentaÃÃo lÃtica dos resÃduos de camarÃo nas proporÃÃes de 15 e 30 % proporcionaram os melhores resultados para sobrevivÃncias, ganho em peso e comprimento, taxa de crescimento especÃfico e biomassa de pÃs-larvas de TilÃpia do Nilo. A conversÃo alimentar nÃo diferiu entre os tratamentos. Nitrito, nitrato e ortofosfato aumentaram significativamente ao longo das semanas, embora as concentraÃÃes tenham se mantido em nÃveis aceitÃveis, bem como os demais parÃmetros se mantiveram dentro do recomendado durante o desenvolvimento da tilÃpia. Os dados desse estudo mostraram que Ã tecnologicamente viÃvel transformar resÃduos da carcinicultura em produtos de valor agregado por fermentaÃÃo lÃtica. O lÃquor resultante da fermentaÃÃo, rico em proteÃnas, pigmentos e minerais pode ser incorporado na proporÃÃo de atÃ 30% na raÃÃo, sem causar nenhum impactado no desenvolvimento de pÃs-larva da tilÃpia e portanto, trazendo benefÃcios econÃmicos e destinaÃÃo apropriada para resÃduos da carcinicultura. Shrimp farming is the fastest growing segment in aquiculture in the world. In Brazil, Ceara is the largest producer with 50 % of all production. Approximately 40 % of the shrimp weight is considered waste as the head, tail and bark, generating large amounts of waste that must be properly discarded. Thus, the reuse of shrimp farming waste through biotechnological resources emerges as an innovative alternative to reduce environmental pollution caused by that activity. This study aimed to perform a biotechnological process based on bacterial consortium capable to fermenting shrimp waste turning them into a liquor used in feed for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) post-larvae in sex reversal process. Lactic acid bacteria strains used were identified by sequencing of the 16S rRNA, rpoA and pheS genes and biochemical tests involving the ability to ferment carbohydrates. For the consortium selection some studies were performed such as chemical kinetics use of Monod, Andrews and Levenspiel mathematical models to determine possible types of inhibition. To evaluate the liquor potential from fermentation as a supplement in feed for tilapia post-larvae were prepared feed diets with liquor inclusions of 15, 30 and 45 %, by monitoring the water quality and temperature parameters, dissolved oxygen, pH, salinity, total ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, nitrate and orthophosphate in addition to growth performance. For that, we evaluated the survival rate, specific growth rate, weight and length gain, feed conversion factor and selection by size. This work identified lactobacilli strains named Lact 7, Lact 8, Lact 9 and Lact 14 as belonging to Lactobacillus plantarum species, Lact 6 as L. futsaii and Lact 11 as Pediococcus acidilactici. As to fermentation kinetic parameters, Lact 6, Lact 7 and Lact 14 strains showed the best results and there was no evidence of inhibition by substrate or product. During shrimp heads fermentation Lact 6 and Lact 14 consortium produced the highest lactic acid yields, about 100 g.L-1. Liquor inclusions of 15 and 30 % provided the best results for survival, weight and length gain, specific growth rate and biomass of Nile tilapia post-larvae. Feed conversion did not differ between treatments, being slightly higher in treatment with 30 % of liquor. Nitrite, nitrate and orthophosphate increased significantly over the weeks, although concentrations have remained at acceptable levels and other parameters remained within the recommended during the tilapia development. The data from this study showed that it is technologically feasible to transform shrimp farming waste into added-value products by lactic fermentation. The resulting liquor fermentation, rich in protein, minerals and pigments can be incorporated in a proportion of up to 30% in tilapia feed, without causing, any impact the development of tilapia post-larvae and thus bringing economic benefits and proper disposition of shrimp farming waste.

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40

Al-Fouti, Khaled. "Stereochemical and biotransformation studies in the steroid series." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367770.

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41

Lee, Young H. "Reductive biotransformation and decolorization of reactive anthraquinone dyes." Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004:, 2003. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-04062004-164708/unrestricted/lee%5Fyoung%5Fh%5F200312%5Fphd.pdf.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. Directed by Spyros G. Pavlostathis. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 332-345).

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42

Hussain, Sajad. "Enantioselective hydrolysis of phenylglycineamide to phenylglycine by Rhodococcus NP3854." Thesis, Keele University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288510.

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43

Didier, Eric. "Synthèse d'amino-alcools optiquement purs et utilisation comme précurseurs de catalyseurs dans des réductions et alkylations enantiosélectives." Nancy 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NAN10004.

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Le (r)-amino-3 phenyl-2 propanol-1, le (1s,2r)-amino-2 cyclopentanol, les (1s,2r) et (1r,2s)-amino-1 indanols-2 ainsi que quelques dérivés n-mono et dialkyles ont été prépares en utilisant comme étapes clés, des réactions enzymatiques. Les amino-alcools ont été utilisés comme précurseurs de catalyseur dans la réduction enantiosélective de l'acétophénone et de l'anti-methoxyiminoacetophenone par le borane pour conduire respectivement au phenyl-1 ethanol et a la phenyl-1 éthylamine. Ils ont été également utilisés dans l'alkylation catalytique enantiosélective d'aldéhydes par le diethylzinc, par le bromure de phenylethynylzinc et par l'-bromoacetate de terbutyle zinc pour donner les alcools secondaires correspondants

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44

Kong, In-Chul. "The effects of heavy metals on anaerobic biotransformation reactions." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/25228.

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45

Cook, Steven Richard. "The bacterial biotransformation of the organic antisaptein biocide IBPC." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.399704.

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46

Mohammed, Y. H. "Studies upon the biotransformation and genotoxicity of environmental chemicals." Thesis, Swansea University, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.638214.

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A large class of xenobiotic compounds can enter the marine environment as constituents of fuel oils, synthetic dyes, foods and industrial wastes. Some of these compounds may pose long term hazards to aquatic biota because of their mutagenic and carcinogenic activities. The metabolism of such chemicals is of primary concern because these compounds may require metabolic activation and detoxification will determine the hazard posed by exposure to these chemicals. We chose to assess these processes in the edible mussel Mytilus edulis as a model to study the metabolism of such potential toxins. The postmitochondrial fraction from the bay mussel M. edulis was used as an activation system in Salmonella/microsome assay. Three protocols (plate-incorporation, pre-incubation assays and fluctuation tests) were evaluated in order to identify optimal techniques for such studies. The fluctuation tests were known to be more sensitive than the other protocols in the detection of the activity of mussel S9 against a panel of promutagens (Chapter 3). This technique was used to determine the range of metabolic capacities of mussel S9 in the activation of a variety of environmental promutagens. The other part of the thesis involved a study of the mutagenic potency of cigarette smoke particulate matter in the Salmonella/mammalian microsome assay in the presence of rat-liver S9. This work involved the study of some of the factors such as ventilation, which influence mutagenic activity in bacteria and in mammalian cell lines (V79 and XEM2). The results of the study indicate that the tobacco particulate matter (TPM) derived from ultra low tar cigarettes, induce more revertants than that from high tar cigarettes. Finally, the data demonstrate that the mutagenic potency of tobacco particulate matter (TPM) is slightly affected by the ventilation either in bacterial (Salmonella) assay or in mammalian assay (micronucleus test) in V79 and XEM2 cell lines.

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47

Lv, Zhe. "Environmental biotransformation of chiral polychlorinated biphenyls and their metabolites." ACS Publications, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/22286.

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This dissertation combines laboratory and field experiments to investigate the mechanisms of atropisomer enrichment for chiral polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and their metabolites in organisms. Stereoselective biotransformation and bioaccumulation were identified as two major reasons for the different environmental fate of PCB atropisomers. Other affecting factors, such as presence of nanoparticles and changes in feeding ecology of organisms, also affect the fate of chiral contaminants. In vitro incubations of rat cytochrome P-450 2B1 (CYP2B1) isozyme with chiral PCBs indicated that different biotransformation kinetics and competition among PCB congeners or between atropisomers were two main factors affecting atropisomer enrichment. Different interactions between chiral PCB congeners or atropisomers with rat CYP2B1 may occur at the molecular level. Non-racemic meta-hydroxylated-PCBs (5-OH-PCBs) were the major metabolites. CYP-mediated stereoselective formation of dihydroxylated PCBs from OH-PCBs was observed. Gold nanoparticles affected biotransformation activity of rat CYP2B1 and changed PCB atropisomeric composition, directly by electrostatic interaction, or indirectly by changes to the surrounding ionic strength. Thus, stereoselective metabolism of chiral PCBs and OH-PCBs by CYPs is a major mechanism for atropisomer enrichment of PCBs and their metabolites in the environment, with the degree of enrichment dependent, at least in part, on charged nanoparticles and stereoselective interference of atropisomers with each other at the enzyme level. The atropisomer compositions of chiral PCBs were measured in the marine biota of Cumberland Sound (Canada) and Svalbard (Norway). High trophic level organisms, including harp seal, beluga, and narwhal reported for the first time, had species-specific atropisomer signatures, likely due to a combination of in vivo biotransformation and trophic transfer. PCB chiral signatures in Greenland sharks supported the hypothesis that some of these PCB atropisomer compositions shifted over time and space, possibly due to a change in feeding ecology. To our knowledge, this is the first report to investigate temporal trends of PCB atropisomer signatures in Arctic biota.

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Carvalho, Mariana Boavida Lopes. "The Biotransformation of Pentachlorophenol by Mucor plumbeus: Mechanistic Insights." Doctoral thesis, Universidade Nova de Lisboa. Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/11943.

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Dissertation presented to obtain the Ph.D degree in Biochemistry Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is a synthetic compound introduced as a wood preservative and used for decades in agricultural and industrial applications. Today, the production and use of PCP is restricted due to its toxicity and environmental impact. However, extensive use in the past and its environmental persistence has resulted in substantial contamination of PCP worldwide. The detection of PCP in the human population and in remote environments, such as the Arctic, is still being reported.(...)

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49

Laugero, Chantal. "Biotransformation de composés xénobiotiques par le basidiomycète Phanerochaete chrysosporium." Aix-Marseille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX11031.

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La contamination des eaux et des sols par des pollutions d'origine agricole ou industrielle est actuellement un probleme majeur ayant des consequences sur la sante humaine ainsi que la faune et la flore. Les travaux realises dans le cadre de cette these concernent la biotransformation de composes polluants par le basidiomycete de la pourriture blanche phanerochaete chrysosporium en milieu liquide. Ce champignon, connu pour son aptitude a degrader la lignine du bois, offre des potentialites tres interessantes pour la detoxication de molecules xenobiotiques. Le premier volet de cette etude s'interesse a la degradation de polluants generes par l'agriculture. Deux molecules particulierement recalcitrantes ont ete choisies: un herbicide d'usage courant l'atrazine (compose aromatique heterocyclique monochlore) et un insecticide le lindane (compose alicyclique hexachlore). L'etude de la degradation de l'atrazine par le champignon p. Chrysosporium a permis de mettre en evidence une mineralisation importante ainsi que l'apparition d'intermediaires metaboliques hydroxyles ou dealkyles. De meme des metabolites dehalogenes ont ete identifies lors de la degradation du lindane par p. Chrysosporium en conditions ligninolytiques et non ligninolytiques. Le role du systeme enzymatique ligninolytique n'a pu etre demontre, mais des essais en presence d'inducteurs et d'inhibiteurs des cytochromes p-450 suggerent l'implication de ces systemes dans la detoxication de la molecule de lindane par le champignon. Le second volet de cette these concerne les pollutions generees par l'industrie et plus particulierement la fabrication de pates et papiers. En effet l'industrie papetiere genere une large gamme de composes polluants tels les chlorophenols ou les acides resiniques. Parmi ceux-ci nous nous sommes interesses a la transformation du pentachlorophenol (compose aromatique monocyclique) et de l'acide dehydroabietique (compose tricyclique) par p. Chrysosporium. La degradation du pentachlorophenol et sa transformation en pentachloroanisol (principal metabolite) a ete etudiee dans deux differentes conditions de culture mettant en uvre soit des cellules immobilisees soit des cellules libres. La formation de pentachloroanisol est specifique des cultures en cellules libres, les cellules immobilisees favorisant la mineralisation. La transformation de l'acide dehydroabietique par p. Chrysosporium a ete mise en evidence par un test de toxicite mettant en uvre des bacteries methanogenes particulierement sensibles aux acides resiniques. Le traitement par p. Chrysosporium s'est avere efficace pour diminuer la toxicite de l'acide dehydroabietique vis a vis de ces bacteries. Le troisieme et dernier volet de la these concerne la maitrise de la culture de p. Chrysosporium en bioreacteur. Un fermenteur mettant en uvre des cellules immobilisees a permis une surproduction des enzymes ligninolytiques et plus particulierement des manganeses peroxydases. Le type de bioreacteur choisi represente un compromis entre le reacteur a biofilms et l'air-lift et les resultats encourageants obtenus montrent que ce type de bioreacteur peut etre envisage pour l'application des cultures de p. Chrysosporium a la depollution d'effluents

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50

Daramwar, P. P. "Biotransformation of santalene derivatives from Indian sandalwood: santalum album." Thesis(Ph.D.), CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 2014. http://dspace.ncl.res.in:8080/xmlui/handle/20.500.12252/2216.

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