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Tesi sul tema "Biomolécules – Propriétés physico-chimiques"
Madi, Charbel. "Mise en forme de biomolécules par compression : maîtrise des paramètres de formulation et de procédé afin de garantir efficacité biologique et stabilité". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0167.
Testo completoSince the discovery of insulin in 1921, therapeutic proteins and peptides have been increasingly studied for the development of new medications. In most cases, these biological molecules are administered parenterally. However, they are often subject to instability in liquid form, requiring low-temperature storage and involving complex logistics. To address these constraints, pharmaceutical industries are actively working on the development of tablets containing biomolecules, aiming to reduce instabilities during storage. The first step in manufacturing tablets from liquid formulations is to dry the formulations to obtain a powder, which is then compressed. Several drying techniques, such as freeze-drying or spray-drying, can produce a powder from a liquid formulation. However, to stabilize the biomolecules during these processes, the formulations must include excipients such as lyoprotectants or cryoprotectants like trehalose and sucrose (non-reducing sugars), lactose (reducing sugar), bulking agents like mannitol, surfactants, buffer agents, etc. In this thesis, we studied the feasibility of developing tablets containing a model protein, specifically lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Various excipients and freeze-drying and compression conditions were evaluated. Initially, placebo formulations containing trehalose, sucrose, lactose, or mannitol were freeze-dried, and their physicochemical properties were studied. These powders were then compressed, and their behavior during compression was characterized. It was demonstrated that trehalose and lactose, once lyophilized and then compressed, were amorphous and exhibited specific mechanical properties such as high mechanical resistance of the tablets obtained at low compression pressures, a pronounced fragile behavior of these tablets, and specific elastic recovery profiles different from those of commercial crystalline powders. In contrast, mannitol, crystalline after freeze-drying, showed different compression behavior, with a compressibility profile different from the amorphous excipients and differentiated mechanical properties of the tablets produced. Finally, the characterization of the compression behavior of freeze-dried sucrose was difficult to assess due to its high hygroscopicity. The second part of the study involved modifying the formulations by increasing the concentration of trehalose or lactose in the lyophilized solutions with the aim of improving the flow properties of the powders obtained after drying, to anticipate difficulties in filling the compression die for industrial transposition. This modification proved insufficient to improve flow properties, indicating the need for other technological solutions. Finally, the addition of LDH to formulations containing trehalose and lactose was carried out under different concentration conditions and by varying the process parameters. It was shown that it is possible to preserve 100% of the enzymatic activity of LDH after freeze-drying. Conversely, this part of the study showed an almost total loss in the presence of mannitol. Moreover, trehalose and lactose powders containing LDH, obtained after freeze-drying and then compressed at pressures ranging from 12.5 MPa to 250 MPa, maintained the enzymatic activity of LDH entirely, despite the mechanical stresses generated by the compression operation. Finally, a stability study on freezedried LDH in trehalose or lactose matrices, compressed at 50 MPa and stored between 4 °C and 40 °C, confirmed the total preservation of its enzymatic activity for 4 months, regardless of the temperature conditions
Pieri, Elisa. "Etude des effets de pH sur l'activité photo-induite de biomolécules à l'aide d'une approche multi-échelle CpHmD-puis-QM/MM". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0533.
Testo completoA change in the pH can modify the chemical and physical properties of molecules such as the way they interact with light. Modeling such phenomena is complex, because of the statistical ensemble of microscopic protonation states and of the very quantum nature of the property of interest. In this thesis, we present a computational protocol which merges a method capable of sampling at the same time these microstates and the structural changes at a given pH, and a framework treating the relevant portion of the macromolecule with advanced quantum mechanics treatments and the rest of the system with classical molecular mechanics. We also report the validation of this protocol on the relatively small peptide M and its application to the anabaena sensory rhodopsin, a microbial protein. We have revealed which are the titratable amino-acids responsible for the pH-dependent absorption spectrum of this biomolecule
Pieri, Elisa. "Etude des effets de pH sur l'activité photo-induite de biomolécules à l'aide d'une approche multi-échelle CpHmD-puis-QM/MM". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0533/document.
Testo completoA change in the pH can modify the chemical and physical properties of molecules such as the way they interact with light. Modeling such phenomena is complex, because of the statistical ensemble of microscopic protonation states and of the very quantum nature of the property of interest. In this thesis, we present a computational protocol which merges a method capable of sampling at the same time these microstates and the structural changes at a given pH, and a framework treating the relevant portion of the macromolecule with advanced quantum mechanics treatments and the rest of the system with classical molecular mechanics. We also report the validation of this protocol on the relatively small peptide M and its application to the anabaena sensory rhodopsin, a microbial protein. We have revealed which are the titratable amino-acids responsible for the pH-dependent absorption spectrum of this biomolecule
Chao, Christina. "Étude des propriétés émollientes de biomolécules commerciales et synthétisées en vue de la substitution du décaméthylcyclopentasiloxane (D5)". Thesis, Compiègne, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017COMP2379/document.
Testo completoEmolliency is a word used to define the ability of a compound to soften or lubricate the skin. ln the cosmetic field, emollients are used to modify the consistency, the viscosity or the polarity of a formulation. Many emollients can be used in cosmetic products. However, in the literature both physicochemical and sensory data ar still lacking, making it difficult to choose an emollient. Furthermore, the sensory analysis usually performed to characterize emollients are particularly time-consuming and thus, expensive. Among the different chemical families of emollients, silicone derivatives stand out thanks to their specific properties. Indeed, they are characterized by an excellent spreading on skin and hair, a smooth skin feel, non-greasy and non-sticky, or by a dry skin feel without a fresh effect. However, even though these sensory properties are exceptional, recent studies wonder about the toxicity of a cyclic silicone particularly used in cosmetic products: the decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5). Thus, this work deals With two main objectives. The first one consists in the research of a bio-based alternative to the D5 For this purpose, a number of commercial and synthesized molecules were characterized and compared With physicochemical measurements and sensory analysis, allowing the observations of trends between structures and properties. The second objective relies on the study of correlations between physico-chemical and sensory data in order to predict the emollient properties of cosmetic ingredients. This would ease the work of formulators during the screening of ingredients
Lima, Nascimento Luis Gustavo. "Casein hydrogels : Interaction with bioactive compounds and vegetable proteins". Thesis, Université de Lille (2022-....), 2022. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDSMRE/2022/2022ULILR029.pdf.
Testo completoHydrogels are three-dimensional networks able to entrap a high amount of water. They can be formed by a wide range of polymers alone or in combination and have different applications depending on their composition and rheological features such as in tissue engineering, drug delivery, or food application. In the food industry, hydrogels are mainly designed to work as a carrier system of bioactive compounds or to tailor the texture, mouthfeel, and water retention of foods. The facility to modulate Casein micelles (CMs) structure and interactions by application of physical, chemical, or enzymatic treatments, makes it an excellent protein matrix for the hydrogel's formulation. Because of the good digestibility of caseins, the use of CMs can be particularly valuable to deliver bioactive by oral ingestion. Moreover, the use of casein hydrogels can be also a way to incorporate more plant proteins into human food. The mixtures of plant proteins with caseins have been viewed as a more sustainable alternative to a diet based mainly on animal proteins. Since, in the mixture, the drawbacks of pure plant protein products, such as beany taste and low solubility, could be potentially diminished by the presence of caseins. Nevertheless, the CMs' interactions with micro molecules such as bioactive compounds or macromolecules such as proteins can alter the features of the gel. Thus, this study proposed the utilization of casein-based hydrogel in two distinct applications, i. in association with bioactive compounds extracted from Jabuticaba fruit with the use of transglutaminase for modulation of gels' microstructure and ii. in association with pea proteins (in different ratios) submitted to process conditions usually applied in the food industry such as thermal treatment and acidification, in addition, high-intensity ultrasounds also were applied to improve the gelling properties of the mixed systems of CMs: pea. The addition of the bioactive extract in the gels decreased the gel elasticity and increase the pore sizes. However, these effects were contra-balanced by using transglutaminase as the crosslinking agent, which could modulate the release of the bioactive extracts from the gel. In the CMs: pea proteins systems, the heat treatment increased the elasticity of the systems with a higher impact in the systems with more pea protein. The network reinforcement is caused mainly by physical interactions between pea proteins, with disulfide bonds occurring only between proteins of the same source. During acidification, the replacement of 20 and 40% of CMs for pea protein disturbed the initial steps of CMs network formation, however, the final gel elasticity was higher than pure CMs gel due to the formation of the pea's network. In general, the proteins of different sources form independent protein networks even in high concentrations. Despite the reduced interaction between CMs and pea proteins, their distribution in the gel is responsible for modulating the final stiffness. In addition, the application of high-intensity ultrasound in the mixed suspensions increased the elasticity of the acid gels up to 10 times, depending on the protein ratio. This study shows that the association of CMs with bioactive molecules or pea proteins in gelled systems has the potential for the development of functional foods or foods with totally new rheological features
Freville, Vianney. "Caractérisation et évaluation des performances de nouveaux solvants synthétisés à partir d'agroressources". Compiègne, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011COMP1964.
Testo completoSolvents are essential products in many fields of applications. However, their use is now prohibited because they mostly derive from petroleum and they are toxic to health and the environment. Therefore, currently, eco-responsible technologies are developed to replace these compounds. Among these alternatives, agrosolvents represent one of the most important ways to substitute petrochemical solvents. They are produced by at least one part of renewable raw materials and they are eco-friendly (non-VOC, biodegradable, non-toxic and non eco-toxic). In this context, this thesis is part of the AGROSOLVANT project, supported by the Region Picardie and the Region Champagne-Ardenne and accredited by the world-scale competitive cluster Industries and Agro-Resssources (IAR). The objective of the project is to substitute solvents derived from petroleum by new green solvents derived from renewable resources, in order to use them in two different applications: degreasing and agrochemical formulations. This work is dealing with the evaluation of properties and performances of agrosolvents synthesized from agricultural products which allow the valorization of biofuels co-products (glycerol, amyl alcohols) and the fermentative succinic acid production. The study is structured around a substitution process in order to examine the physico-chemical properties, the solvent power and the application performances of the molecules. At each step, a comparison is made with petrochemical solvents. In the context of substitution, the last part concerns agrosurfactant aqueous solutions and focuses on the physico-chemical mechanisms involved in aqueous degreasing processes
M'be, Cho. "Procédés de production et influence des propriétés fonctionnelles des poudres de calices d’Hibiscus sabdariffa et de leurs fractions sur la formulation de boisson". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0274.
Testo completoHibiscus sabdariffa (hibiscus) is a plant with edible calyxes containing polyphenol and anthocyanin molecules that are both antioxidant compounds and responsible for their attractive red color for consumers. These particularities constitute a good health potential that meets the current market demands, and an economic potential for industries. However, this tropical and seasonal plant whose water-rich calyxes are highly perishable, sensitive to humidity and heat, and whose the interesting molecules (anthocyanins) are heat-sensitive and unstable in aqueous medium. In this context, the calyx transformation into powder allows, besides optimizing the transport cost and storage space, to stabilize the calyxes by ensuring a long product shelf-life, and to improve the biomolecule accessibility. This allows to benefit to its health assets provided that the process is controlled. One of the best ways to preserve the calyx original nutritional properties (anthocyanin content, antioxidant activity) is to obtain minimally processed products by combining controlled oven-drying, grinding and fractionation by sieving. This process was studied in this work and the powder physicochemical properties (particle size and shape, structure, porosity, fiber proportion, anthocyanin content, antioxidant activity) and functional properties (flowability, reconstitution, biomolecule extractability) were systematically evaluated for drink formulation. The interest of such a process is the ease of its implementation applicable to all plants, the powder ease of use, the improvement of the biomolecule availability and accessibility. This work allows identifying the impact of sun-drying and grinding on the powder physicochemical properties, the latter impacting the functional properties. The substitution of sun-drying by controlled oven-drying and an additional fractionation by sieving preceded by grinding allowed improving the powder functional properties. These powder functional properties were singular and allowed to distinguish specific applications for each powder type (fine or coarse powders)
Santoro, Alice. "Métallothionéines et biomolécules capables de chélater et/ou de réduire le Cu et leur impact sur l'activité rédox et sur la stabilité des complexes de Cu d’intérêt médicinal : étude de cas sur des complexes de Cu-peptide amyloïde ou sur des principes actifs à base de Cu". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAF067.
Testo completoDefects in copper (Cu) homeostasis have been linked to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Cancer. In AD, Cu has been found to bind to Aβ-peptides in extracellular amyloid-plaques, likely impacting the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Increased Cu levels have also been implicated in tumor growth. This has led to the development of Cu-based drugs. Particularly, the use of pro-oxidant Cu-complexes appears to be a promising strategy in cancer. Contrarily, in AD, redox silencing chelators are warranted. In a biological environment, the kinetic/thermodynamic stability of a Cu-complex against physiological competitors, is a key aspect to consider. In particular, the role of Cu-binding and reducing biomolecules (including metallothioneins, gluathione and cystein) is of pivotal importance. Within this context, this thesis aims to investigate the impact of these molecules on the redox-activity and stability of medicinal Cu-complexes. The studies carried out show that these molecules are key players for the fate of a Cu-complex, as they could lead to reactions of dissociation or transmetallation, abolishing the Cu-dependent ROS production
Hasan, Mahmoud. "Nanovectorisation de la curcumine sous forme liposomale : interactions biomolécule / membrane, transferts et cytotoxicité dans des systèmes in vitro". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0314.
Testo completoCurcumin, a yellow lipid-soluble natural pigment, a hydrophobic polyphenol derived from the rhizome of Curcuma longa, has been identified as the active principle of turmeric. Curcumin has already become a research focus due to its numerous biological and pharmacological benefits such as antioxidant, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial properties and other desirable medical benefits. However, due to its low absorption, the poor bioavailability of curcumin limits its clinical use. The objective of this work has focused on the study of the physicochemical properties of this molecule encapsulated in form of liposome. Different formulations of nanocarriers prepared from polar lipids more or less rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids with variable long chain, derived from vegetable or marine source, have been used to modify liposomes membrane fluidity. These works have allowed to optimize the encapsulation efficiency of the curcumin and to study its bioavailability and cytotoxicity effects on different cell lines (MCF7, embryonic cortical neurons). The results show significant effects when using nanoliposomes formulated with marine lecithin, protected by chitosan as the coating polymer. The physico-chemical analyses of the size by light scattering (Zetasizer, NanoSight), the stability (measurement of the size and the electrophoretic mobility), the structure by transmission electron microscopy and the release of the encapsulated molecule, allowed to better understand the effects of polymer-phospholipid interactions and the release of encapsulated curcumin in drastic environmental conditions of gastric and intestinal digestion. A multiscale characterization is proposed in order to improve the understanding of the various properties of the active agent (curcumin) and the nanovector, as well as the possible interactions occuring between them. The techniques used are Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-rays, Rheometer and Transmission Electron Microscopy