Bibliografie tematiche / Biomedical materials

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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Biomedical materials"

Autore: Grafiati
Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021
Ultima modifica: 1 agosto 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Biomedical materials"

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Barenberg, S. A., e E. P. Mueller. "Biomedical Materials". MRS Bulletin 16, n. 9 (settembre 1991): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400056001.

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Biomedical materials is an embryonic interdisciplinary science whose practitioners are scientists, engineers, biochemists, and clinicians who use synthetic polymers, metals, ceramics, inorganic, and natural polymers to fabricate artificial organs, medical devices, drug delivery systems, prosthetics, and packaging systems.The intent of this special issue of the MRS Bulletin is to provide readers with insight into current biomaterials research and product development. This issue is not meant to be either conclusive or definitive, but rather a “sound bite” of the field.For further information, please feel free to contact either the individual authors or the editors of this issue.
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Mikos, Antonios G. "Multiphase biomedical materials". Journal of Controlled Release 16, n. 3 (agosto 1991): 366–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-3659(91)90016-7.

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Mikos, Antonios G. "Multiphase biomedical materials". Journal of Controlled Release 17, n. 2 (ottobre 1991): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-3659(91)90060-q.

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Helmus, Michael N. "Overview of Biomedical Materials". MRS Bulletin 16, n. 9 (settembre 1991): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400056025.

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Biomedical materials are synthetic polymers, metals, ceramics, inorganics, and natural macromolecules (biopolymers), that are manufactured or processed to be suitable for use in or as medical devices or prostheses. These materials typically come in contact with cells, proteins, tissues, organs, and organ systems. They can be implanted for long-term use, e.g., an arrtificial hip, or for temporary use, e.g., an intravenous catheter. Except in isolated cases when a material is used by itself, such as collagen injections for filling soft tissue defects, biomedical materials are used as a component in a medical device. The form of the material (perhaps a textile) how it interfaces (blood contacting, for instance), and its time of use will determine its required properties. A material's use needs to be viewed in the context of the total device and its interface with the body. One material property alone is unlikely to lead to a successful and durable device, but the failure to address a key property can lead to device failure. Until recently, medical-grade polymers, ceramics, inorganics, and metals were purified versions of commercial-grade materials. A variety of polymers, biopolymers, and inorganics is now being specifically developed for medical applications. Table I summarizes the types of biomedical materials.
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Mohammed, Mohsin T., Zahid A. Khan e Arshad N. Siddiquee. "Corrosion in Biomedical Grade Titanium Based Materials: A Review". Indian Journal of Applied Research 3, n. 9 (1 ottobre 2011): 206–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/sept2013/65.

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TANAKA, Mototsugu. "Forefront in Biomedical Materials". Journal of the Society of Materials Science, Japan 68, n. 8 (15 agosto 2019): 656–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2472/jsms.68.656.

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MIZUTANI, Masayoshi, Yuichi OTSUKA e Shoichi KIKUCHI. "Forefront in Biomedical Materials". Journal of the Society of Materials Science, Japan 68, n. 9 (15 settembre 2019): 723–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2472/jsms.68.723.

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HISAMORI, Noriyuki, Takuya ISHIMOTO e Takayoshi NAKANO. "Forefront in Biomedical Materials". Journal of the Society of Materials Science, Japan 68, n. 10 (15 ottobre 2019): 798–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.2472/jsms.68.798.

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OYA, Kei, Shogo MIYATA e Yusuke MORITA. "Forefront in Biomedical Materials". Journal of the Society of Materials Science, Japan 68, n. 11 (15 novembre 2019): 865–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2472/jsms.68.865.

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IKADA, YOSHITO. "Fibers as Biomedical Materials". Sen'i Gakkaishi 47, n. 3 (1991): P120—P125. http://dx.doi.org/10.2115/fiber.47.p120.

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Più fonti

Tesi sul tema "Biomedical materials"

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Cabanach, Xifró Pol. "Zwitterionic materials for biomedical applications". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Ramon Llull, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671831.

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La resposta del nostre cos als biomaterials suposa una gran obstacle per la efectivitat de múltiples teràpies basades en biomaterials. Accionats per la absorció inespecífica de biomolècules a la superfície del material, barreres com el sistema immune o les superfícies mucoses eliminen els materials del cos, evitant que arribin al seu destí i realitzin la seva funció. Els materials zwitteriònics han emergit en els últims anys com a materials antiadherents prometedors per a superar les mencionades barreres. Tot i que molts sistemes han utilitzat els materials zwitteriònics com a recobriments, les seves propietats úniques de superhidrofilicitat i versatilitat química suggereixen múltiples beneficis en utilitzar-los com a material principal. Aquí, dos sistemes diferents basats en materials zwitteriònics són presentats. En primer lloc una plataforma de alliberament de fàrmac antiadherent basat en copolímers de bloc amfifílics (CBA) és desenvolupada. Els CBAs zwitteriònics són sintetitzats i optimitzats perquè s’auto-organitzin en nanopartícules zwitteriòniques. Les propietats antiadherents d’aquestes nanopartícules es demostren, al igual que el seu potencial per a esdevenir un sistema d’alliberament de fàrmac oral. Seguidament, el sistema s’utilitza com a portador per a fàrmacs contra la malària i el càncer. Les nanopartícules mostren internalització en eritròcits infectats per Plasmòdium, i nanopartícules carregades amb curcumina demostren la seva eficàcia contra la malària in vitro. S’observa absorció oral de polímer i curcumina in vivo utilitzant un model de ratolí, indicant el potencial del sistema per a esdevenir una teràpia oral contra la malària. Quan s’optimitza el sistema per la teràpia contra el càncer, nanopartícules carregades de Paclitaxel exhibeixen activitat anti-cancerígena en models in vitro de cèl·lules canceroses. En segon lloc, microrobots zwitteriònics no-immunogènics que poden evitar el reconeixement per el sistema immune són introduïts. Es desenvolupa una fotoresistència zwitteriònica per a la microimpressió de microrobots zwitteriònics a través de la polimerització de dos fotons amb una ample funcionalització: propietats mecàniques variables, anti-bioadhesió i propietats no-immunogèniques, funcionalització per a la actuació magnètica, encapsulació de biomolècules i modificació superficial per a l’alliberament de fàrmac. Els robots invisibles eviten que els macròfags del sistema immune els detectin després d’una inspecció exhaustiva (de més de 90 hores), fet que no s’ha aconseguit fins el moment en cap sistema microrobòtic. Aquests materials zwitteriònics versàtils eliminen un dels grans obstacles en el desenvolupament de microrobots biocompatibles, i serviran com una caixa d’eines de materials no-immunogènics per a crear robots biomèdics i altres dispositius per a la bioenginyeria i per a aplicacions biomèdiques.
La respuesta de nuestro cuerpo a los biomateriales supone un gran obstáculo para la efectividad de múltiples terapias basadas en los biomateriales. Accionados por la absorción de biomoléculas en la superficie del material, barreras como el sistema inmune o las superficies mucosas eliminan los materiales del cuerpo, evitando que lleguen a su destino y realicen su función. Los materiales zwitteriónicos han emergido en los últimos años como materiales antiadherentes prometedores para superar las barreras mencionadas. Aunque muchos sistemas utilizan materiales zwitteriónicos como recubrimientos, sus propiedades únicas de superhidrofilicidad i versatilidad química sugieren múltiples beneficios en utilizarlos como material principal. Aquí, dos sistemas basados en materiales zwitteriónicos son presentados. En primer lugar, una plataforma para la liberación de fármaco antiadherente basada en copolímeros de bloque amfifílicos (CBA) es desarrollada. Los CBA zwitteriónicos son sintetizados y optimizados para que se auto-organicen en nanopartículas zwitteriónicas. Las propiedades antiadherentes de estas nanopartículas son probadas, al igual que su potencial para convertirse en un sistema oral de liberación de fármaco. Seguidamente, el sistema se utiliza como portador para fármacos animalarios y anticancerígenos. Las nanopartículas muestran internalización en eritrocitos infectados por Plasmodio, y nanopartículas cargadas con curcumina demuestran su eficacia contra la malaria in vitro. Se observa la absorción oral de polímero y curcumina in vivo utilizando un modelo de ratón, indicando el potencial del sistema para convertirse en una terapia oral contra malaria. Cuando se optimiza el sistema para la terapia contra el cáncer, las nanopartículas cargadas con Paclitaxel exhiben actividad anticancerígena en modelos in vitro de células cancerosas. En segundo lugar, microrobots zwitteriónicos no-inmunológicos que pueden evitar el reconocimiento por parte del sistema inmune son introducidos. Se desarrolla una fotoresisténcia zwitteriónica para la microimpresión de microrobots zwitteriónicos a través de la polimerización de dos fotones con una amplia funcionalización: propiedades mecánicas variables, anti-bioadhesión i propiedades no-inmunogénicas, funcionalización para la actuación magnética, encapsulación de biomoléculas i modificación superficial para la liberación de fármaco. Los robots invisibles evitan que los macrófagos del sistema inmune innato los detecten después de una inspección exhaustiva (de más de 90 horas), hecho que no se ha conseguido hasta la fecha por ningún sistema microrobótico. Estos materiales zwitteriónicos versátiles eliminan uno de los grandes obstáculos en el desarrollo de microrobots biocompatibles, y servirán como una caja de herramientas de materiales no-inmunogénicos para crear robots biomédicos y otros dispositivos para la bioingeniería y para las aplicaciones biomédicas.
Body response to biomaterials suppose a major roadblock for the effectiveness of multiple biomaterial-based therapies. Triggered by unspecific absorption of biomolecules in the material surface, barriers such as immune system or mucosal surfaces clear foreign materials from the body, preventing them to reach their target and perform their function. Zwitterionic materials have emerged in the last years as promising antifouling materials to overcome the mentioned barriers. Although many systems have used zwitterionic materials as coatings, the unique properties of superhydrophilicity and chemical versatility suggest multiple benefits of using zwitterionic polymers as bulk materials. Here, two different systems based on zwitterionic materials are presented. In first place, an antifouling drug delivery platform based on zwitterionic amphiphilic polymers (ABC) is developed. Zwitterionic ABCs are synthetized and optimized to self-assemble in zwitterionic nanoparticles. The antifouling properties of zwitterionic nanoparticles are proved, together with their potential to become an oral drug delivery system. Next, the system is used as a drug carrier for antimalarial and anticancer drugs. Nanoparticles show internalization in Plasmodium infected erythrocytes, and curcumin-loaded nanoparticles prove their antimalarial efficacy in vitro. Oral absorption of polymer and curcumin is also observed in vivo using mice model, indicating the potential of this system to become oral therapy against malaria. When optimizing the system for anticancer therapy, Paclitaxel-loaded nanoparticles exhibit anticancer activity in in vitro cancer cell models. Second, non‐immunogenic stealth zwitterionic microrobots that avoid recognition from immune cells are introduced. Zwitterionic photoresist are developed for the 3D microprinting of zwitterionic hydrogel microrobots through 2-photon polymerization with ample functionalization: tunable mechanical properties, anti-biofouling and non-immunogenic properties, functionalization for magnetic actuation, encapsulation of biomolecules, and surface functionalization for drug delivery. Stealth microrobots avoid detection by macrophage cells of the innate immune system after exhaustive inspection (> 90 h), which has not been achieved in any microrobotic platform to date. These versatile zwitterionic materials eliminate a major roadblock in the development of biocompatible microrobots, and will serve as a toolbox of non-immunogenic materials for medical microrobot and other device technologies for bioengineering and biomedical applications.
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Parker, Rachael N. "Protein Engineering for Biomedical Materials". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77416.

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The inherent design freedom of protein engineering and recombinant protein production enables specific tailoring of protein structure, function, and properties. Two areas of research where protein engineering has allowed for many advances in biomedical materials include the design of novel protein scaffolds for molecular recognition, as well as the use of recombinant proteins for production of next generation biomaterials. The main focus of my dissertation was to develop new biomedical materials using protein engineering. Chapters three and four discuss the engineering of repeat proteins as bio-recognition modules for biomedical sensing and imaging. Chapter three provides an overview of the most recent advances in engineering of repeat proteins in the aforementioned field. Chapter four discusses my contribution to this field. We have designed a de novo repeat protein scaffold based on the consensus sequence of the leucine rich repeat (LRR) domain of the NOD family of cytoplasmic innate immune system receptors. Innate immunity receptors have been described as pattern recognition receptors in that they recognize "global features" of a family of pathogens versus one specific antigen. In mammals, two main protein families of such receptors are: extracellular Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and cytoplasmic Nucletide-binding domain- and Leucine-rich Repeat-containing proteins (NLRs). NLRs are defined by their tripartite domain architecture that contains a C-terminal LRR (Leucine Rich Repeat) domain, the nucleotide-binding oligomerization (NACHT) domain, and the N-terminal effector domain. It is proposed that pathogen sensing in NLRs occurs through ligand binding by the LRR domain. Thus, we hypothesized that LRRs would be suitable for the design of alternative binding scaffolds for use in molecular recognition. The NOD protein family plays a very important role in innate immunity, and consequently serves as a promising scaffold for design of novel recognition motifs. However, engineering of de novo proteins based on the NOD family LRR domain has proven challenging due to problems arising from protein solubility and stability. Consensus sequence design is a protein design tool used to create novel proteins that capture sequence-structure relationships and interactions present in nature in order to create a stable protein scaffold. We implement a consensus sequence design approach to develop proteins based on the LRR domain of NLRs. Using a multiple sequence alignment we analyzed all individual LRRs found in mammalian NLRs. This design resulted in a consensus sequence protein containing two internal repeats and separate N- and C- capping repeats named CLRR2. Using biophysical characterization methods of size exclusion chromatography, circular dichroism, and fluorescence, CLRR2 was found to be a stable, monomeric, and cysteine free scaffold. Additionally, CLRR2, without any affinity maturation, displayed micromolar binding affinity for muramyl dipeptide (MDP), a bacterial cell wall fragment. To our knowledge, this is the first report of direct interaction of a NOD LRR with a physiologically relevant ligand. Furthermore, CLRR2 demonstrated selective recognition to the biologically active stereoisomer of MDP. Results of this study indicate that LRRs are indeed a useful scaffold for development of specific and selective proteins for molecular recognition, creating much potential for future engineering of alternative protein scaffolds for biomedical applications. My second research interest focused on the development of proteins for novel biomaterials. In the past two decades, keratin biomaterials have shown impressive results as scaffolds for tissue engineering, wound healing, and nerve regeneration. In addition to its intrinsic biocompatibility, keratin interacts with specific cell receptors eliciting beneficial biochemical cues, as well as participates in important regulatory functions such as cell migration and proliferation and protein signalling. The aforementioned properties along with keratins' inherent capacity for self-assembly poise it as a promising scaffold for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering applications. However, due to the extraction process used to obtain natural keratin proteins from natural sources, protein damage and formation of by-products that alter network self-assembly and bioactivity often occur as a result of the extensive processing conditions required. Furthermore, natural keratins require exogenous chemistry in order to modify their properties, which greatly limits sequence tunability. Recombinant keratin proteins have the potential to overcome the limitations associated with the use of natural keratins while also maintaining their desired structural and chemical characteristics. Thus, we have used recombinant DNA technology for the production of human hair keratins, keratin 31 (K31) and keratin 81 (K81). The production of recombinant human hair keratins resulted in isolated proteins of the correct sequence and molecular weight determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Proteins with no unwanted sequence truncations, deletions, or mutations indicate recombinant DNA technology can be used to reliably generate full length keratin proteins. This allows for consistent starting materials with no observable impurities or undesired by-products, which combats a major challenge associated with natural keratins. Additionally, recombinant keratins must maintain the intrinsic propensity for self-assembly found in natural keratins. To test the propensity for self-assembly, we implemented size exclusion chromatography (SEC), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to characterize K31, K81, and an equimolar mixture of K31 and K81. The results of the recombinant protein characterization reveal novel homo-polymerization of K31 and K81, not previously reported, and formation of characteristic keratin fibers for the K31 and K81 mixture. Therefore, recombinant K31 and K81 retain the intrinsic biological activity (i.e. self-assembly) of natural keratin proteins. We have also conducted a comparative study of recombinant and extracted heteropolymer K31/K81. Through solution characterization and TEM analysis it was found that use of the recombinant heteropolymer allows for increased purity of starting material while also maintaining self-assembly properties necessary for functional use in biomaterials design. However, under the processing condition implemented, extracted keratins demonstrated increased efficiency of assembly. Through each study we conclude that recombinant keratin proteins provide a promising solution to overcome the challenges associated with natural protein materials and present an exceptional design platform for generation of new biomaterials for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering.
Ph. D.
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Almeida, José Carlos Martins de. "Hybrid materials for biomedical applications". Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/15973.

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Doutoramento em Ciência e Engenharia de Materiais
The increased longevity of humans and the demand for a better quality of life have led to a continuous search for new implant materials. Scientific development coupled with a growing multidisciplinarity between materials science and life sciences has given rise to new approaches such as regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. The search for a material with mechanical properties close to those of human bone produced a new family of hybrid materials that take advantage of the synergy between inorganic silica (SiO4) domains, based on sol-gel bioactive glass compositions, and organic polydimethylsiloxane, PDMS ((CH3)2.SiO2)n, domains. Several studies have shown that hybrid materials based on the system PDMS-SiO2 constitute a promising group of biomaterials with several potential applications from bone tissue regeneration to brain tissue recovery, passing by bioactive coatings and drug delivery systems. The objective of the present work was to prepare hybrid materials for biomedical applications based on the PDMS-SiO2 system and to achieve a better understanding of the relationship among the sol-gel processing conditions, the chemical structures, the microstructure and the macroscopic properties. For that, different characterization techniques were used: Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, liquid and solid state nuclear magnetic resonance techniques, X-ray diffraction, small-angle X-ray scattering, smallangle neutron scattering, surface area analysis by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Surface roughness and wettability were analyzed by 3D optical profilometry and by contact angle measurements respectively. Bioactivity was evaluated in vitro by immersion of the materials in Kokubos’s simulated body fluid and posterior surface analysis by different techniques as well as supernatant liquid analysis by inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy. Biocompatibility was assessed using MG63 osteoblastic cells. PDMS-SiO2-CaO materials were first prepared using nitrate as a calcium source. To avoid the presence of nitrate residues in the final product due to its potential toxicity, a heat-treatment step (above 400 °C) is required. In order to enhance the thermal stability of the materials subjected to high temperatures titanium was added to the hybrid system, and a material containing calcium, with no traces of nitrate and the preservation of a significant amount of methyl groups was successfully obtained. The difficulty in eliminating all nitrates from bulk PDMS-SiO2-CaO samples obtained by sol-gel synthesis and subsequent heat-treatment created a new goal which was the search for alternative sources of calcium. New calcium sources were evaluated in order to substitute the nitrate and calcium acetate was chosen due to its good solubility in water. Preparation solgel protocols were tested and homogeneous monolithic samples were obtained. Besides their ability to improve the bioactivity, titanium and zirconium influence the structural and microstructural features of the SiO2-TiO2 and SiO2-ZrO2 binary systems, and also of the PDMS-TiO2 and PDMS-ZrO2 systems. Detailed studies with different sol-gel conditions allowed the understanding of the roles of titanium and zirconium as additives in the PDMS-SiO2 system. It was concluded that titanium and zirconium influence the kinetics of the sol-gel process due to their different alkoxide reactivity leading to hybrid xerogels with dissimilar characteristics and morphologies. Titanium isopropoxide, less reactive than zirconium propoxide, was chosen as source of titanium, used as an additive to the system PDMS-SiO2-CaO. Two different sol-gel preparation routes were followed, using the same base composition and calcium acetate as calcium source. Different microstructures with high hydrophobicit were obtained and both proved to be biocompatible after tested with MG63 osteoblastic cells. Finally, the role of strontium (typically known in bioglasses to promote bone formation and reduce bone resorption) was studied in the PDMS-SiO2-CaOTiO2 hybrid system. A biocompatible material, tested with MG63 osteoblastic cells, was obtained with the ability to release strontium within the values reported as suitable for bone tissue regeneration.
O aumento da longevidade dos seres humanos e a procura de uma melhor qualidade de vida têm conduzido a uma pesquisa contínua de novos materiais para implantes. O desenvolvimento científico, juntamente com uma crescente multidisciplinaridade entre as ciências dos materiais e as ciências da vida deram origem a novas abordagens, como a medicina regenerativa e a engenharia de tecidos. A busca de um material com propriedades mecânicas próximas das do osso humano produziu uma nova família de materiais híbridos que tiram partido da sinergia entre os domínios inorgânicos de sílica (SiO4), com base em composições de vidros bioativos obtidos por sol-gel, e os domínios orgânicos de polidimetilsiloxano, PDMS ((CH3)2.SiO2)n. Vários estudos têm demonstrado que os materiais híbridos baseados no sistema PDMS-SiO2 constituem um grupo de biomateriais promissores com várias aplicações potenciais tais como a regeneração de tecido ósseo e a recuperação do tecido cerebral, passando por revestimentos bioativos e sistemas de libertação controlada de fármacos. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi preparar materiais híbridos para aplicações biomédicas com base no sistema PDMS-SiO2 e contribuir para uma melhor compreensão das relações entre as condições de processamento sol-gel, as estruturas químicas, a microestrutura e as propriedades macroscópicas. Para alcançar tal objetivo, foram usadas diferentes técnicas de caracterização: espectroscopia de infravermelho por transformada de Fourier, ressonância magnética nuclear no estado sólido e no estado líquido, difração de raios-X, dispersão de raios-X de baixo ângulo, dispersão de neutrões de baixo ângulo, análise da área de superfície pelo método de Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, microscopia eletrónica de varrimento e microscopia eletrónica de transmissão. A rugosidade e a molhabilidade das superfícies foram analisadas por perfilometria óptica 3D e por medidas de ângulo de contacto, respectivamente. A bioatividade in vitro foi avaliada através de testes de imersão em plasma sintético e posterior observação da superfície dos materiais e análise do líquido sobrenadante por espectrometria de emissão atômica por plasma acoplado Indutivamente. A biocompatibilidade in vitro foi avaliada usando células osteoblásticas MG63. Materiais do sistema PDMS-SiO2-CaO foram inicialmente preparados usando o nitrato como fonte de cálcio. Para eliminar os resíduos de nitrato no produto final, devido à sua potencial toxicidade, é necessária uma etapa de tratamento térmico (acima dos 400° C). A fim de aumentar a estabilidade térmica dos materiais submetidos a altas temperaturas, foi adicionado titânio ao sistema híbrido. Obteve-se assim um material híbrido contendo cálcio, sem vestígios de nitrato, mantendo-se uma quantidade significativa de grupos metilo. A dificuldade de obter amostras monolíticas de híbridos PDMS-SiO2-CaO por síntese sol-gel e posterior tratamento térmico para eliminação de nitratos, criou um novo objetivo: a procura de fontes alternativas de cálcio. Novas fontes de cálcio foram avaliadas para substituir o nitrato tendo-se escolhido o acetato de cálcio devido à sua boa solubilidade em água. Estabeleceram-se protocolos de preparação por sol-gel a partir dos quais se obtiveram amostras monolíticas homogéneas. Além de melhorar a bioatividade, o titânio e o zircónio influenciam as características estruturais e microestruturais dos sistemas binários SiO2-TiO2 e SiO2-ZrO2, bem como dos sistemas PDMS-TiO2 e PDMS-ZrO2. Neste contexto, foram estudadas diferentes condições experimentais no processo sol-gel, de modo a compreender o papel destes aditivos no sistema SiO2-PDMS. Concluiu-se que o titânio e o zircónio influenciam a cinética do processo sol-gel devido à diferente reatividade dos despectivos alcóxidos, conduzindo à obtenção de xerogéis híbridos com diferentes características e morfologias. O isopropóxido de titânio, menos reativo do que o propóxido de zircónio, foi escolhido como fonte de titânio, usado como aditivo no sistema PDMS-SiO2CaO. Dois procedimentos diferentes de preparação por sol-gel foram seguidos, utilizando a mesma composição de base e o acetato de cálcio como fonte de cálcio. Foram obtidas diferentes microestruturas muito hidrofóbicas e ambas mostraram ser biocompatíveis após serem testadas com células osteoblásticas MG63. Finalmente, foi avaliado o papel do estrôncio (conhecido nos biovidros por favorecer a formação de tecido ósseo e reduzir a sua reabsorção) no sistema híbrido PDMS-CaO-SiO2-TiO2. O material produzido revelou-se biocompatível, através de testes com células osteoblásticas MG63, e com a capacidade de libertar estrôncio dentro dos limites considerados adequados para a reparação do tecido ósseo.
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4

Sanami, Mohammad. "Auxetic materials for biomedical applications". Thesis, University of Bolton, 2015. http://ubir.bolton.ac.uk/785/.

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The main aim of this project was to assess auxetic (negative Poisson's ratio) materials for potential in biomedical devices. Specifically, a detailed comparative indentation study has been undertaken on auxetic and conventional foams for hip protector devices; radially-gradient one-piece foams having auxetic character have been produced for the first time and shown to have potential in artificial intervertebral disc (IVD) implant devices; and auxetic honeycomb geometries have been assessed for the stem component in hip implant devices. For the hip protector application, combined compression and heat treatment of conventional polyurethane open-cell foam was used to produce monolithic auxetic foams. The foams were characterised structurally using optical microscopy, and mechanically using mechanical testing combined with videoextensometry. Static indentation using six different indenter shapes on each of the six faces of the foam specimens has been undertaken. The key conclusion here is that the enhanced indentation resistance for the converted foam is not a consequence of increased density accompanied by the usual significant increase in foam stiffness. The enhanced indentation resistance is consistent with the auxetic effect associated with the increased density, providing a localised densification mechanism under indentation (i.e. material flows under the indenter). At higher indentation displacement the Poisson’s ratios for both the unconverted and converted foams tend towards zero. In this case, the increase in foam stiffness for the converted foams at higher strain may also contribute to the indentation enhancement at high indentation displacement. New radially-gradient foams mimicking the core-sheath structure of the natural IVD have been produced through the development of a novel thermo-mechanical manufacturing route. Foam microstructural characterisation has been undertaken using optical and scanning electron microscopy, and also micro-CT scans performed by collaborators at the University of Manchester. Detailed x-y strain mapping using combined mechanical testing and videoextensometry enabled the local and global Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio responses of these new materials to be determined. In one example, global auxetic response is achieved in a foam having a positive Poisson's ratio core and auxetic sheath. It is suggested this may be a more realistic representation of the properties of natural IVD tissue. Analytical and Finite Element (FE) models have been developed to design honeycomb geometries for the stems in new total hip replacement implants. FE models of the devices implanted within bone have been developed and the auxetic stems shown to lead to reduced stress shielding effect.
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5

Capuccini, Chiara <1979&gt. "Biomimetic Materials for Biomedical Applications". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2009. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/1447/1/chiara_capuccini_tesi.pdf.

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Abstract (sommario):
Objects with complex shape and functions have always attracted attention and interest. The morphological diversity and complexity of naturally occurring forms and patterns have been a motivation for humans to copy and adopt ideas from Nature to achieve functional, aesthetic and social value. Biomimetics is addressed to the design and development of new synthetic materials using strategies adopted by living organisms to produce biological materials. In particular, biomineralized tissues are often sophisticate composite materials, in which the components and the interfaces between them have been defined and optimized, and that present unusual and optimal chemical-physical, morphological and mechanical properties. Moreover, biominerals are generally produced by easily traceable raw materials, in aqueous media and at room pressure and temperature, that is through cheap process and materials. Thus, it is not surprising that the idea to mimic those strategies proper of Nature has been employed in several areas of applied sciences, such as for the preparation of liquid crystals, ceramic thin films computer switches and many other advanced materials. On this basis, this PhD thesis is focused on the investigation of the interaction of biologically active ions and molecules with calcium phosphates with the aim to develop new materials for the substitution and repair of skeletal tissue, according to the following lines: I. Modified calcium phosphates. A relevant part of this PhD thesis has been addressed to study the interaction of Strontium with calcium phosphates. It was demonstrated that strontium ion can substitute for calcium into hydroxyapatite, causing appreciable structural and morphological modifications. The detailed structural analysis carried out on the nanocrystals at different strontium content provided new insight into its interaction with the structure of hydroxyapatite. At variance with the behaviour of Sr towards HA, it was found that this ion inhibits the synthesis of octacalcium phosphate. However, it can substitute for calcium in this structure up to 15 atom %, in agreement with the increase of the cell parameters observed on increasing ion concentration. A similar behaviour was found for Magnesium ion, whereas Manganese inhibits the synthesis of octacalcium phosphate and it promotes the precipitation of dicalcium phosphate dehydrate. It was also found that Strontium affects the kinetics of the reaction of hydrolysis of α-TCP. It inhibits the conversion from α-TCP to hydroxyapatite. However, the resulting apatitic phase contains significant amounts of Sr2+ suggesting that the addition of Sr2+ to the composition of α-TCP bone cements could be successfully exploited for its local delivery in bone defects. The hydrolysis of α-TCP has been investigated also in the presence of increasing amounts of gelatin: the results indicated that this biopolymer accelerates the hydrolysis reaction and promotes the conversion of α-TCP into OCP, suggesting that its addition in the composition of calcium phosphate cements can be employed to modulate the OCP/HA ratio, and as a consequence the solubility, of the set cement. II. Deposition of modified calcium phosphates on metallic substrates. Coating with a thin film of calcium phosphates is frequently applied on the surface of metallic implants in order to combine the high mechanical strength of the metal with the excellent bioactivity of the calcium phosphates surface layers. During this PhD thesis, thank to the collaboration with prof. I.N. Mihailescu, head of the Laser-Surface-Plasma Interactions Laboratory (National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics – Laser Department, Bucharest) Pulsed Laser Deposition has been successfully applied to deposit thin films of Sr substituted HA on Titanium substrates. The synthesized coatings displayed a uniform Sr distribution, a granular surface and a good degree of crystallinity which slightly decreased on increasing Sr content. The results of in vitro tests carried out on osteoblast-like and osteoclast cells suggested that the presence of Sr in HA thin films can enhance the positive effect of HA coatings on osteointegration and bone regeneration, and prevent undesirable bone resorption. The possibility to introduce an active molecule in the implant site was explored using Matrix Assisted Pulsed Laser Evaporation to deposit hydroxyapatite nanocrystals at different content of alendronate, a bisphosphonate widely employed in the treatments of pathological diseases associated to bone loss. The coatings displayed a good degree of crystallinity, and the results of in vitro tests indicated that alendronate promotes proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts even when incorporated into hydroxyapatite. III. Synthesis of drug carriers with a delayed release modulated by a calcium phosphate coating. A core-shell system for modulated drug delivery and release has been developed through optimization of the experimental conditions to cover gelatin microspheres with a uniform layer of calcium phosphate. The kinetics of the release from uncoated and coated microspheres was investigated using aspirin as a model drug. It was shown that the presence of the calcium phosphate shell delays the release of aspirin and allows to modulate its action.
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6

Capuccini, Chiara <1979&gt. "Biomimetic Materials for Biomedical Applications". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2009. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/1447/.

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Abstract (sommario):
Objects with complex shape and functions have always attracted attention and interest. The morphological diversity and complexity of naturally occurring forms and patterns have been a motivation for humans to copy and adopt ideas from Nature to achieve functional, aesthetic and social value. Biomimetics is addressed to the design and development of new synthetic materials using strategies adopted by living organisms to produce biological materials. In particular, biomineralized tissues are often sophisticate composite materials, in which the components and the interfaces between them have been defined and optimized, and that present unusual and optimal chemical-physical, morphological and mechanical properties. Moreover, biominerals are generally produced by easily traceable raw materials, in aqueous media and at room pressure and temperature, that is through cheap process and materials. Thus, it is not surprising that the idea to mimic those strategies proper of Nature has been employed in several areas of applied sciences, such as for the preparation of liquid crystals, ceramic thin films computer switches and many other advanced materials. On this basis, this PhD thesis is focused on the investigation of the interaction of biologically active ions and molecules with calcium phosphates with the aim to develop new materials for the substitution and repair of skeletal tissue, according to the following lines: I. Modified calcium phosphates. A relevant part of this PhD thesis has been addressed to study the interaction of Strontium with calcium phosphates. It was demonstrated that strontium ion can substitute for calcium into hydroxyapatite, causing appreciable structural and morphological modifications. The detailed structural analysis carried out on the nanocrystals at different strontium content provided new insight into its interaction with the structure of hydroxyapatite. At variance with the behaviour of Sr towards HA, it was found that this ion inhibits the synthesis of octacalcium phosphate. However, it can substitute for calcium in this structure up to 15 atom %, in agreement with the increase of the cell parameters observed on increasing ion concentration. A similar behaviour was found for Magnesium ion, whereas Manganese inhibits the synthesis of octacalcium phosphate and it promotes the precipitation of dicalcium phosphate dehydrate. It was also found that Strontium affects the kinetics of the reaction of hydrolysis of α-TCP. It inhibits the conversion from α-TCP to hydroxyapatite. However, the resulting apatitic phase contains significant amounts of Sr2+ suggesting that the addition of Sr2+ to the composition of α-TCP bone cements could be successfully exploited for its local delivery in bone defects. The hydrolysis of α-TCP has been investigated also in the presence of increasing amounts of gelatin: the results indicated that this biopolymer accelerates the hydrolysis reaction and promotes the conversion of α-TCP into OCP, suggesting that its addition in the composition of calcium phosphate cements can be employed to modulate the OCP/HA ratio, and as a consequence the solubility, of the set cement. II. Deposition of modified calcium phosphates on metallic substrates. Coating with a thin film of calcium phosphates is frequently applied on the surface of metallic implants in order to combine the high mechanical strength of the metal with the excellent bioactivity of the calcium phosphates surface layers. During this PhD thesis, thank to the collaboration with prof. I.N. Mihailescu, head of the Laser-Surface-Plasma Interactions Laboratory (National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics – Laser Department, Bucharest) Pulsed Laser Deposition has been successfully applied to deposit thin films of Sr substituted HA on Titanium substrates. The synthesized coatings displayed a uniform Sr distribution, a granular surface and a good degree of crystallinity which slightly decreased on increasing Sr content. The results of in vitro tests carried out on osteoblast-like and osteoclast cells suggested that the presence of Sr in HA thin films can enhance the positive effect of HA coatings on osteointegration and bone regeneration, and prevent undesirable bone resorption. The possibility to introduce an active molecule in the implant site was explored using Matrix Assisted Pulsed Laser Evaporation to deposit hydroxyapatite nanocrystals at different content of alendronate, a bisphosphonate widely employed in the treatments of pathological diseases associated to bone loss. The coatings displayed a good degree of crystallinity, and the results of in vitro tests indicated that alendronate promotes proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts even when incorporated into hydroxyapatite. III. Synthesis of drug carriers with a delayed release modulated by a calcium phosphate coating. A core-shell system for modulated drug delivery and release has been developed through optimization of the experimental conditions to cover gelatin microspheres with a uniform layer of calcium phosphate. The kinetics of the release from uncoated and coated microspheres was investigated using aspirin as a model drug. It was shown that the presence of the calcium phosphate shell delays the release of aspirin and allows to modulate its action.
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7

Niu, Ye. "Microparticulate Hydrogel Materials Towards Biomedical Applications". The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1586094812805108.

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8

Liong, Monty. "Biomedical applications of mesostructured silica materials". Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1905693461&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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9

Hercus, Beth Justine. "Modelling T lymphocyte reactions to biomedical materials". Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.423016.

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10

Leadley, Robert Stuart. "The surface characterisation of novel biomedical materials". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.259860.

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Libri sul tema "Biomedical materials"

1

Narayan, Roger, a cura di. Biomedical Materials. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49206-9.

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Narayan, Roger, a cura di. Biomedical Materials. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-84872-3.

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3

M, Williams J., Nichols M. F, Zingg Walter 1924- e Materials Research Society, a cura di. Biomedical materials. Pittsburgh, Pa: Materials Research Society, 1986.

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Narayan, Roger. Biomedical Materials. Boston, MA: Springer-Verlag US, 2009.

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5

Tsuruta, T., e A. Nakajima. Multiphase Biomedical Materials. London: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429087592.

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6

Dolah, Frances M. Van. Biomedical test materials program. Charleston, S.C: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Center, Charleston Laboratory, 1990.

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7

Dolah, Frances M. Van. Biomedical test materials program. Charleston, S.C: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Center, Charleston Laboratory, 1990.

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8

B, Galloway Sylvia, e Southeast Fisheries Center (U.S.). Charleston Laboratory., a cura di. Biomedical test materials program. Charleston, S.C: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Center, Charleston Laboratory, 1989.

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9

Dolah, Frances M. Van. Biomedical test materials program. Charleston, S.C: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Center, Charleston Laboratory, 1990.

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10

Al-Ahmed, Amir, e Mohammad A. Jafar Mazumder. Materials for biomedical applications. Pfaffikon, Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2014.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Biomedical materials"

1

Wong, Sharon Y., Mario Cabodi e Catherine M. Klapperich. "Biomedical Microdevices". In Molecular Materials, 271–88. Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, [2017]: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315118697-11.

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2

Pilliar, Robert M. "Metallic Biomaterials". In Biomedical Materials, 1–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49206-9_1.

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3

Jin, Chunming, e Wei Wei. "Wear". In Biomedical Materials, 365–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49206-9_10.

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4

Doherty, Patrick. "Inflammation, Carcinogenicity, and Hypersensitivity". In Biomedical Materials, 383–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49206-9_11.

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5

McKenzie, Janice L., Thomas J. Webster e J. L. McKenzie. "Protein Interactions at Material Surfaces". In Biomedical Materials, 399–422. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49206-9_12.

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6

Peters, Kirsten, Ronald E. Unger e C. James Kirkpatrick. "Biocompatibility Testing". In Biomedical Materials, 423–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49206-9_13.

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Bhaduri, Sarit B., e Prabaha Sikder. "Biomaterials for Dental Applications". In Biomedical Materials, 455–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49206-9_14.

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Williams, Rachel L., e David Wong. "Ophthalmic Biomaterials". In Biomedical Materials, 495–515. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49206-9_15.

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Rabiei, Afsaneh. "Hip Prostheses". In Biomedical Materials, 517–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49206-9_16.

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Flynn, Lauren E., e Kimberly A. Woodhouse. "Burn Dressing Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering". In Biomedical Materials, 537–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49206-9_17.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Biomedical materials"

1

Huttunen, Assi, Petri Laakso, Ville Ellä, Riku Heikkilä e Minna Kellomäki. "Picosecond laser micromachining of biomedical materials". In ICALEO® 2007: 26th International Congress on Laser Materials Processing, Laser Microprocessing and Nanomanufacturing. Laser Institute of America, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2351/1.5061131.

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2

Tommasini, Giuseppina, Francesca Di Maria, Mattia Zangoli, Marika Iencharelli, Mariarosaria De Simone, Angela Tino, Maria Moros e Claudia Tortiglione. "Engineered Living Materials for Biomedical Application". In Advanced materials and devices for nanomedicine. València: Fundació Scito, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.amamed.2022.018.

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Fonash, Stephen J., J. Cuiffi, D. Hayes, W. J. Nam, Sanghoon Bae, Handong Li e A. K. Kalkan. "Nanostructured silicon for biomedical application". In Smart Materials and MEMS, a cura di Derek Abbott, Vijay K. Varadan e Karl F. Boehringer. SPIE, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.418778.

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4

Liu, Kuo Kang, Z. H. Du, F. G. Tseng, Min-Chieh Chou, J. Y. Fang e C. C. Chieng. "Electroplated microneedle array for biomedical applications". In Smart Materials and MEMS, a cura di Derek Abbott, Vijay K. Varadan e Karl F. Boehringer. SPIE, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.418774.

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Popovic, Dejan B., e Richard B. Stein. "Sensors and actuators for biomedical applications". In Smart Structures & Materials '95, a cura di William B. Spillman, Jr. SPIE, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.207666.

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6

Hattenhorst, Birk, Malte Mallach, Christoph Baer, Thomas Musch, Jan Barowski e Ilona Rolfes. "Dielectric phantom materials for broadband biomedical applications". In 2017 First IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Bio Conference (IMBIOC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/imbioc.2017.7965802.

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7

De Cola, Luisa. "Nanoparticles and hybrid materials for biomedical applications". In Advanced materials and devices for nanomedicine. València: Fundació Scito, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.amamed.2022.004.

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Kirchhof, Johannes, Sonja Unger e Anka Schwuchow. "Fiber lasers: materials, structures and technologies". In Biomedical Optics 2003, a cura di Israel Gannot. SPIE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.498062.

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Nowak, Michael D. "Combined Mechanical Engineering Materials Lecture and Mechanics of Materials Laboratory: Cross-Disciplinary Teaching". In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-82008.

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We have developed a course combining a Mechanical Engineering Materials Laboratory with a Materials Science lecture for a small combined population of undergraduate Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering students. By judicious selection of topic order, we have been able to utilize one lecture and one laboratory for both Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering students (with limited splitting of groups). The primary reasons for combining the Mechanical and Biomedical students are to reduce faculty load and required resources in a small university. For schools with medium or small Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering programs, class sizes could be improved if they could include other populations. The heterogeneous populations also aid in teaching students that the same engineering techniques are useful in more than a single engineering realm. The laboratory sections begin with the issues common to designing and evaluating mechanical testing, followed by tensile, shear, and torsion evaluation of metals. To introduce composite materials, wood and cement are evaluated. While the Mechanical Engineering students are evaluating impact and strain gauges, the Biomedical Engineering students are performing tensile studies of soft tissues, and compression of long bones. The basic materials lectures (beginning at the atomic level) are in common with both Mechanical and Biomedical student populations, until specific topics such as human body materials are discussed. Three quarters of the term is thus taught on a joint basis, and three or four lectures are split. Basic metal, plastic and wood behavior is common to both groups.
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Shahidi, Mehran, Bernhard Pichler e Christian Hellmich. "Micromechanics of Viscous Interfaces in Hydrated (Bio-)Materials". In Biomedical Engineering. Calgary,AB,Canada: ACTAPRESS, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2316/p.2013.791-172.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Biomedical materials"

1

Chait, Richard, e Julius Chang. Roundtable on Biomedical Engineering Materials and Applications. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, settembre 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada396606.

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Chait, Richard, Teri Thorowgood e Toni Marechaux. Roundtable on Biomedical Engineering Materials and Applications. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, settembre 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada407761.

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Chait, Richard, Toni Marechaux e Emily A. Meyer. Roundtable on Biomedical Engineering Materials and Application. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, settembre 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada417008.

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Chait, Richard. Roundtable on Biomedical Engineering Materials and Applications. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, settembre 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada391253.

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5

Hall, Dale, e John Tesk. Workshop on standards for biomedical materials and devices, June 13-14, 2001. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.6791.

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6

Brow, R. K., D. R. Tallant e S. V. Crowder. Advanced materials for aerospace and biomedical applications: New glasses for hermetic titanium seals. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), novembre 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/510597.

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7

Mohr, Alicia Hofelich, Jake Carlson, Lizhao Ge, Joel Herndon, Wendy Kozlowski, Jennifer Moore, Jonathan Petters, Shawna Taylor e Cynthia Hudson Vitale. Making Research Data Publicly Accessible: Estimates of Institutional & Researcher Expenses. Association of Research Libraries, febbraio 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.29242/report.radsexpense2024.

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Abstract (sommario):
Academic institutions have made significant investments to support public access to research data requirements, yet little to no data about these services, infrastructure, and costs currently exist or are widely shared. For public access to research data to be optimized, funding agencies, institutions, and organizations must better understand the investments made by institutions and individual researchers toward meeting these requirements. This mixed-methods study was funded by the US National Science Foundation (grant #2135874). The Association of Research Libraries (ARL) and six research-intensive academic institutions—Cornell University, Duke University, University of Michigan, University of Minnesota, Virginia Tech, and Washington University in St. Louis—used surveys and interviews to provide an initial examination of institutional expenses for public access to research data. Due to the breadth and heterogeneity of research data and funding, we scoped this work to three US federal funding agencies (Department of Energy, National Institutes of Health, and National Science Foundation) and five disciplinary areas (biomedical sciences, environmental science, materials science, physics, and psychology).
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8

Stepanyuk, Alla V., Liudmyla P. Mironets, Tetiana M. Olendr, Ivan M. Tsidylo e Oksana B. Stoliar. Methodology of using mobile Internet devices in the process of biology school course studying. [б. в.], luglio 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3887.

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This paper considers the problem of using mobile Internet devices in the process of biology studying in secondary schools. It has been examined how well the scientific problem is developed in pedagogical theory and educational practice. The methodology of using mobile Internet devices in the process of biology studying in a basic school, which involves the use of the Play Market server applications, Smart technologies and a website, has been created. After the analyses of the Play Market server content, there have been found several free of charge applications, which can be used while studying biology in a basic school. Among them are the following: Anatomy 4D, Animal 4D+, Augmented Reality Dinosaurs – my ARgalaxy, BioInc – Biomedical Plague, Plan+Net. Their choice is caused by the specifics of the object of biological cognition (life in all its manifestations) and the concept of bio(eco)centrism, which recognizes the life of any living system as the highest value. The paper suggests the original approach for homework checking, which involves besides computer control of students’ learning outcomes, the use of Miracast wireless technology. This demands the owning of a smartphone, a multimedia projector, and a Google Chromecast type adapter. The methodology of conducting a mobile front-line survey at the lesson on the learned or current material in biology in the test form, with the help of the free Plickers application, has been presented. The expediency of using the website builder Ucoz.ua for creation of a training website in biology has been substantiated. The methodology of organizing the educational process in biology in a basic school using the training website has been developed. Recommendations for using a biology training website have been summarized. According to the results of the forming experiment, the effectiveness of the proposed methodology of using mobile Internet devices in the process of biology studying in a basic school has been substantiated.
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Wilkinson, Annie, Hayley MacGregor, Ian Scoones, Megan Schmidt-Sane, Melissa Leach, Peter Taylor, Santiago Ripoll, Shandana Khan Mohmand, Syed Abbas e Tabitha Hrynick. Pandemic Preparedness for the Real World: Why We Must Invest in Equitable, Ethical and Effective Approaches to Help Prepare for the Next Pandemic. Institute of Development Studies, marzo 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/cc.2023.002.

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The cost of the Covid-19 pandemic remains unknown. Lives directly lost to the disease continue to mount, while related health, livelihood and wellbeing impacts are still being felt, and the wider ramifications across society, politics and the economy are yet to fully materialise. What is known about these costs though, is that they have been unequally distributed both within and between countries. Preparedness plans proved inadequate in many settings – especially when it came to protecting those most vulnerable, including those marginalised by geography, poverty, or exclusion along the lines of religion, ethnicity or gender. The top-down, surge-style, biomedically dominated and technologically driven preparedness approach that has dominated global health thinking and which was propelled into action with Covid-19 was found wanting not only on the grounds of effectiveness, but also of social justice. This presents both a challenge and an opportunity for a convergence of the preparedness and development agendas. Drawing on a growing body of social science evidence, this report contends that securing health in the face of today’s uncertain disease threats in often unpredictable settings means making social, economic and political priorities as core to the preparedness agenda as biological and technological ones. We present here a framework for a vision of pandemic preparedness for the real world – one that accepts that context is paramount, embraces inclusivity and justice, shifts power centres and rejects simplistic, one-size-fits-all solutions.
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10

Improvements in knowledge of Norplant® implants acceptors: An intervention study in West Sumatra and West Java. Population Council, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh1995.1020.

Testo completo
Abstract (sommario):
Previous studies on Norplant® implants in Indonesia have shown that there are a substantial number of implant acceptors, providers, fieldworkers, and volunteers who are unaware of the basic facts about Norplant. In addition, information, education, and communication materials are lacking for providers, fieldworkers, volunteers, and clients. With these issues in mind, the Training and Development Center for Biomedical and Human Reproduction Studies of the National Family Planning Coordinating Board launched an Operations Research intervention study with Study Groups on Human Reproduction from Andalas University, Padang, West Sumatra, and Padjajaran University, Bandung, West Java, with support from the Population Council. The study began on November 1, 1993, and ended on June 30, 1995. The objectives of the study were to provide accurate information on Norplant implants to women prior to insertion, and to assess the effectiveness of a system of approaches to providing information in order to increase acceptors’ knowledge of the implants. This final report presents findings from the study.
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