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Stubbs, Thomas L., Stephanie E. Pierce, Emily J. Rayfield e Philip S. L. Anderson. "Morphological and biomechanical disparity of crocodile-line archosaurs following the end-Triassic extinction". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 280, n. 1770 (7 novembre 2013): 20131940. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.1940.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Mesozoic crurotarsans exhibited diverse morphologies and feeding modes, representing considerable ecological diversity, yet macroevolutionary patterns remain unexplored. Here, we use a unique combination of morphological and biomechanical disparity metrics to quantify the ecological diversity and trophic radiations of Mesozoic crurotarsans, using the mandible as a morpho-functional proxy. We recover three major trends. First, the diverse assemblage of Late Triassic crurotarsans was morphologically and biomechanically disparate, implying high levels of ecological variation; but, following the end-Triassic extinction, disparity declined. Second, the Jurassic radiation of marine thalattosuchians resulted in very low morphological disparity but moderate variation in jaw biomechanics, highlighting a hydrodynamic constraint on mandibular form. Third, during the Cretaceous terrestrial radiations of neosuchians and notosuchians, mandibular morphological variation increased considerably. By the Late Cretaceous, crocodylomorphs evolved a range of morphologies equalling Late Triassic crurotarsans. By contrast, biomechanical disparity in the Cretaceous did not increase, essentially decoupling from morphology. This enigmatic result could be attributed to biomechanical evolution in other anatomical regions (e.g. cranium, dentition or postcranium), possibly releasing the mandible from selective pressures. Overall, our analyses reveal a complex relationship between morphological and biomechanical disparity in Mesozoic crurotarsans that culminated in specialized feeding ecologies and associated lifestyles.
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Higham, Timothy E., Sean M. Rogers, R. Brian Langerhans, Heather A. Jamniczky, George V. Lauder, William J. Stewart, Christopher H. Martin e David N. Reznick. "Speciation through the lens of biomechanics: locomotion, prey capture and reproductive isolation". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 283, n. 1838 (14 settembre 2016): 20161294. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.1294.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Speciation is a multifaceted process that involves numerous aspects of the biological sciences and occurs for multiple reasons. Ecology plays a major role, including both abiotic and biotic factors. Whether populations experience similar or divergent ecological environments, they often adapt to local conditions through divergence in biomechanical traits. We investigate the role of biomechanics in speciation using fish predator–prey interactions, a primary driver of fitness for both predators and prey. We highlight specific groups of fishes, or specific species, that have been particularly valuable for understanding these dynamic interactions and offer the best opportunities for future studies that link genetic architecture to biomechanics and reproductive isolation (RI). In addition to emphasizing the key biomechanical techniques that will be instrumental, we also propose that the movement towards linking biomechanics and speciation will include (i) establishing the genetic basis of biomechanical traits, (ii) testing whether similar and divergent selection lead to biomechanical divergence, and (iii) testing whether/how biomechanical traits affect RI. Future investigations that examine speciation through the lens of biomechanics will propel our understanding of this key process.
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Ortiz-Padilla, Vanessa E., Mauricio A. Ramírez-Moreno, Gerardo Presbítero-Espinosa, Ricardo A. Ramírez-Mendoza e Jorge de J. Lozoya-Santos. "Survey on Video-Based Biomechanics and Biometry Tools for Fracture and Injury Assessment in Sports". Applied Sciences 12, n. 8 (14 aprile 2022): 3981. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12083981.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This work presents a survey literature review on biomechanics, specifically aimed at the study of existent biomechanical tools through video analysis, in order to identify opportunities for researchers in the field, and discuss future proposals and perspectives. Scientific literature (journal papers and conference proceedings) in the field of video-based biomechanics published after 2010 were selected and discussed. The most common application of the study of biomechanics using this technique is sports, where the most reported applications are american football, soccer, basketball, baseball, jumping, among others. These techniques have also been studied in a less proportion, in ergonomy, and injury prevention. From the revised literature, it is clear that biomechanics studies mainly focus on the analysis of angles, speed or acceleration, however, not many studies explore the dynamical forces in the joints. The development of video-based biomechanic tools for force analysis could provide methods for assessment and prediction of biomechanical force associated risks such as injuries and fractures. Therefore, it is convenient to start exploring this field. A few case studies are reported, where force estimation is performed via manual tracking in different scenarios. This demonstration is carried out using conventional manual tracking, however, the inclusion of similar methods in an automated manner could help in the development of intelligent healthcare, force prediction tools for athletes and/or elderly population. Future trends and challenges in this field are also discussed, where data availability and artificial intelligence models will be key to proposing new and more reliable methods for biomechanical analysis.
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Fan, Yubo, Bo Wang, Kaihua Xiu, Xiang Dong e Ming Zhang. "Biomechanical Animal Experimental Research on Osseointegration(Orthopaedic Biomechanics)". Proceedings of the Asian Pacific Conference on Biomechanics : emerging science and technology in biomechanics 2004.1 (2004): 175–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeapbio.2004.1.175.
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Pniakowska, Zofia, Piotr Jurowski e Joanna Wierzbowska. "The role of corneal biomechanical properties assessment in laser vision correction – the introduction". OphthaTherapy. Therapies in Ophthalmology 9, n. 3 (30 settembre 2022): 183–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.24292/01.ot.300922.2.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The role of corneal biomechanical properties in patients referred to laser vision correction (LVC) is currently being raised. Understanding of corneal biomechanics may support the proper selection of refractive surgery candidates, improve the refractive outcomes and safety of refractive procedures. The Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA) and Corvis ST are commonly used devices to assess corneal biomechanical parameters in LVC. The vertical corneal incisions have a greater impact on corneal biomechanics weakening than horizontal incisions. Maintaining the high biomechanical strength of the cornea following LVC can decrease the potential risk of postoperative ectasia.
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Yokobori, Takeo. "What are Biomechanics and Biomechanical Behaviour?" Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering 4, n. 2 (1994): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/bme-1994-4202.
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Kudiashev, A. L., V. V. Khominets, A. V. Teremshonok, E. B. Nagorny, S. Yu Stadnichenko, A. V. Dol, D. V. Ivanov, I. V. Kirillova, L. Yu Kossovich e A. L. Kovtun. "BIOMECHANICAL MODELING IN SURGICAL TREATMENT OF A PATIENT WITH TRUE LUMBAR SPONDYLOLISTHESIS". Hirurgiâ pozvonočnika 15, n. 4 (4 dicembre 2018): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.14531/2018.4.87-94.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Objective. To assess the results of clinical approbation of individual finite-element biomechanical model of a patient’s spino-pelvic complex with subsequent modeling of the best option of surgical treatment. Material and Methods. A biomechanical modeling of changes in the sagittal profile of a patient with degenerative disease of the lumbosacral spine, bilateral spondylolysis, and unstable grade 2 spondylolisthesis of the L4 vertebra was performed. The developed biomechanical model made it possible to assess the characteristics of the stress-strain state of the spinal motion segments aroused due to development of the disease. Within the built biomechanical model of the patient’s spino-pelvic complex, a corrective operation was further modeled that assumed a preservation of harmonious profile of sagittal spino-pelvic relationships. Post-correction characteristics of the stress-strain state of spinal motion segments were studied and compared with preoperative parameters of the biomechanical model. Results. Using methods of biomechanics and computer modeling allowed to calculate the stress-strain state of the lumbosacral spine under static load for two options of fixation and intervertebral cage implantation at the L4–L5 level: four transpedicular screws (L4–L5 vertebrae) and six transpedicular screws (L3–L4–L5 vertebrae). The simulation results showed that neither metal implants, nor elements of the lumbosacral spine experienced critical stresses and deformations that could lead to the destruction and instability of the implant. Conclusion. The developed individual biomechanical finite-element solid model of the spine and pelvis allowed for biomechanical justification of prerequisites for the formation and further progression of degenerative changes in spinal motion segments associated with violations of the sagittal profile due to grade 2 spondylolisthesis of the L4 vertebra. The model built on the results of radiological examination biomechanically substantiated the best option of corrective spine surgery allowing to minimize stresses and deformations by choosing reasonable magnitude of correction of sagittal spino-pelvic parameters and configuration of transpedicular system.
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Post, Andrew, T. Blaine Hoshizaki, Michael D. Gilchrist, David Koncan, Lauren Dawson, Wesley Chen, Andrée-Anne Ledoux, Roger Zemek e _. _. "A comparison in a youth population between those with and without a history of concussion using biomechanical reconstruction". Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 19, n. 4 (aprile 2017): 502–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2016.10.peds16449.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
OBJECTIVE Concussion is a common topic of research as a result of the short- and long-term effects it can have on the affected individual. Of particular interest is whether previous concussions can lead to a biomechanical susceptibility, or vulnerability, to incurring further head injuries, particularly for youth populations. The purpose of this research was to compare the impact biomechanics of a concussive event in terms of acceleration and brain strains of 2 groups of youths: those who had incurred a previous concussion and those who had not. It was hypothesized that the youths with a history of concussion would have lower-magnitude biomechanical impact measures than those who had never suffered a previous concussion. METHODS Youths who had suffered a concussion were recruited from emergency departments across Canada. This pool of patients was then separated into 2 categories based on their history of concussion: those who had incurred 1 or more previous concussions, and those who had never suffered a concussion. The impact event that resulted in the brain injury was reconstructed biomechanically using computational, physical, and finite element modeling techniques. The output of the events was measured in biomechanical parameters such as energy, force, acceleration, and brain tissue strain to determine if those patients who had a previous concussion sustained a brain injury at lower magnitudes than those who had no previously reported concussion. RESULTS The results demonstrated that there was no biomechanical variable that could distinguish between the concussion groups with a history of concussion versus no history of concussion. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that there is no measureable biomechanical vulnerability to head impact related to a history of concussions in this youth population. This may be a reflection of the long time between the previous concussion and the one reconstructed in the laboratory, where such a long period has been associated with recovery from injury.
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Nieto-Bona, Amelia, Adela Elena Ayllón-Gordillo, Gonzalo Carracedo e David P. Pinero. "Short and long term corneal biomechanical analysis after overnight orthokeratology". International Journal of Ophthalmology 15, n. 7 (18 luglio 2022): 1128–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.18240/ijo.2022.07.13.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AIM: To investigate the short and long term corneal biomechanical changes after overnight orthokeratology (OK) and compare them with those occurring in subjects not wearing contact lenses. METHODS: Retrospective case control study enrolling 54 subjects that were divided into three groups 18 subjects each: control group (CG), short term (15 nights) OK (STOK) group, and long term (more than 1y of OK wear) OK (LTOK) group. Corneal biomechanics were characterized using the CorVis® ST system (Oculus), recording parameters such as time [first/second applanation time (AT1, AT2)], speed [velocity of corneal apex at the first/second applanation time (AV1, AV2)], and amplitude of deformation (AD1, AD2) in the first and second corneal flattening, corneal stiffness (SPA1), biomechanically corrected intraocular pressure (bIOP) and corneal (CBI) and tomographic biomechanical indices (TBI). RESULTS: Significantly lower AD1 and standard deviate on of Ambrosio’s relational average thickness related to the horizontal profile (ARTh) values were found in the OK groups compared to CG (P<0.05). Likewise, significantly higher values of CBI were found in STOK and LTOK groups compared to CG (P<0.01). No significant differences between groups were found in integrated radius index (P=0.24), strain stress index (P=0.22), tomographic biomechanical index (P=0.91) and corneal stiffness parameter (SPA1, P=0.97). Significant inverse correlations were found between corneal thickness and CBI in STOK (r= -0.90, P<0.01) and LTOK groups (r=-0.71, P<0.01). CONCLUSION: OK does not seem to alter significantly the corneal biomechanical properties, but special care should be taken when analyzing biomechanical parameters influenced by corneal thickness such as amplitude of deformation, ARTh or CBI, because they change significantly after treatment but mainly due to the reduction and pachymetric progression induced by the corneal molding secondary to OK treatment.
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Griffin, Kate, Hailey Pedersen, Kari Stauss, Vlasta Lungova e Susan L. Thibeault. "Characterization of intrauterine growth, proliferation and biomechanical properties of the murine larynx". PLOS ONE 16, n. 1 (13 gennaio 2021): e0245073. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245073.
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Current research approaches employ traditional tissue engineering strategies to promote vocal fold (VF) tissue regeneration, whereas recent novel advances seek to use principles of developmental biology to guide tissue generation by mimicking native developmental cues, causing tissue or allogenic/autologous progenitor cells to undergo the regeneration process. To address the paucity of data to direct VF differentiation and subsequent new tissue formation, we characterize structure-proliferation relationships and tissue elastic moduli over embryonic development using a murine model. Growth, cell proliferation, and tissue biomechanics were taken at E13.5, E15.5, E16.5, E18.5, P0, and adult time points. Quadratic growth patterns were found in larynx length, maximum transverse diameter, outer dorsoventral diameter, and VF thickness; internal VF length was found to mature linearly. Cell proliferation measured with EdU in the coronal and transverse planes of the VFs was found to decrease with increasing age. Exploiting atomic force microscopy, we measured significant differences in tissue stiffness across all time points except between E13.5 and E15.5. Taken together, our results indicate that as the VF mature and develop quadratically, there is a concomitant tissue stiffness increase. Greater gains in biomechanical stiffness at later prenatal stages, correlated with reduced cell proliferation, suggest that extracellular matrix deposition may be responsible for VF thickening and increased biomechanical function, and that the onset of biomechanical loading (breathing) may also contribute to increased stiffness. These data provide a profile of VF biomechanical and growth properties that can guide the development of biomechanically-relevant scaffolds and progenitor cell differentiation for VF tissue regeneration.
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Sibakin, D. D., V. A. Breev e E. G. Solodkova. "Analysis of keratopographic and biomechanical corneal indicators with evaluation of the impact of diagnostic results on myopic refraction patient management tactics". Modern technologies in ophtalmology, n. 2 (15 giugno 2021): 196–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.25276/2312-4911-2021-2-196-199.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Purpose. To analyse keratopographic and biomechanical corneal indicators with the diagnostic results assessment of the influence on the treatment tactics of myopic refraction patient. Materials and methods. Keratotopographic and biomechanical parameters of the cornea in a patient with mild myopia were evaluated. Results. The Belin/Ambrosio (Enchanced Ectasia Display) - BAD keratoconus screening program was used on Pentacam HR, which did not reveal corneal pathology. According to the results of CBI (Corvis biomechanical index) on Corvis ST (OD - 0.61, OS - 0.48), that was indicating poor corneal biomechanical properties and a high risk of keratectasia development. Conclusion. Ophthalmic examination, using The Corvis ST (Oculus, Germany) biomechanical measurements, makes possible to reveal with greater sensitivity subclinical signs of a keratectatic process at the pre-clinical stage of development. Key words: keratotopography, corneal biomechanics, keratoconus.
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Roberts, Cynthia J., e William J. Dupps. "Biomechanics of corneal ectasia and biomechanical treatments". Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery 40, n. 6 (giugno 2014): 991–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrs.2014.04.013.
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Zhao, Yunmei, Saeed Siri, Bin Feng e David M. Pierce. "The Macro- and Micro-Mechanics of the Colon and Rectum II: Theoretical and Computational Methods". Bioengineering 7, n. 4 (25 novembre 2020): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering7040152.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abnormal colorectal biomechanics and mechanotransduction associate with an array of gastrointestinal diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, diverticula disease, anorectal disorders, ileus, and chronic constipation. Visceral pain, principally evoked from mechanical distension, has a unique biomechanical component that plays a critical role in mechanotransduction, the process of encoding mechanical stimuli to the colorectum by sensory afferents. To fully understand the underlying mechanisms of visceral mechanical neural encoding demands focused attention on the macro- and micro-mechanics of colon tissue. Motivated by biomechanical experiments on the colon and rectum, increasing efforts focus on developing constitutive frameworks to interpret and predict the anisotropic and nonlinear biomechanical behaviors of the multilayered colorectum. We will review the current literature on computational modeling of the colon and rectum as well as the mechanical neural encoding by stretch sensitive afferent endings, and then highlight our recent advances in these areas. Current models provide insight into organ- and tissue-level biomechanics as well as the stretch-sensitive afferent endings of colorectal tissues yet an important challenge in modeling theory remains. The research community has not connected the biomechanical models to those of mechanosensitive nerve endings to create a cohesive multiscale framework for predicting mechanotransduction from organ-level biomechanics.
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IVANCEVIC, TIJANA T. "JET-RICCI GEOMETRY OF TIME-DEPENDENT HUMAN BIOMECHANICS". International Journal of Biomathematics 03, n. 01 (marzo 2010): 79–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s179352451000088x.
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We propose the time-dependent generalization of an "ordinary" autonomous human biomechanics, in which total mechanical + biochemical energy is not conserved. We introduce a general framework for time-dependent biomechanics in terms of jet manifolds derived from the extended musculo-skeletal configuration manifold. The corresponding Riemannian geometrical evolution follows the Ricci flow diffusion. In particular, we show that the exponential-like decay of total biomechanical energy (due to exhaustion of biochemical resources) is closely related to the Ricci flow on the biomechanical configuration manifold.
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Marras, William S., e Robert G. Radwin. "Biomechanical Modeling". Reviews of Human Factors and Ergonomics 1, n. 1 (giugno 2005): 1–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1518/155723405783703046.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Biomechanics provides a means to quantitatively consider the implications of workplace design. The benefit of biomechanical quantification is that it can help determine how much exposure to a risk factor is too much exposure. Given the escalating health care costs associated with work, these analyses are becoming very important to industry. This approach becomes important for work occupational task design. In order to evaluate the risk of a musculoskeletal disorder (MSD) from a particular task, one must consider the contribution of both the external loads and internal loads on a structure and how they relate to the tolerance of the structure. Over the past 35 years, several biomechanical modeling approaches have evolved and have been used to integrate our knowledge of how various biomechanical factors interact to mediate or exacerbate the effects of work on tissue loading. The applications of biomechanical modeling to the back have progressed rapidly and now make it possible to assess spine load specifically for an individual performing a particular task at a specific point in time. Although applications of biomechanical models for the upper limb have not progressed as rapidly as for the back, recent advances have been made, particularly in the areas of hand tools and repetitive motion tasks. Future challenges entail the more realistic assessments of tissue tolerances, better understanding of the role of biochemical reactions to loads, and ways to apply the laboratory-based models in the workplace. As the field continues to advance and more realistic and accurate biomechanical models are developed, our ability to control MSDs and predict which workplace designs will lead to injury will help to avoid unnecessary suffering while increasing productivity.
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Karzilov, A. I. "The respiratory system biomechanical homeostasis and its maintenance mechanisms in normal conditions and at obstructive pulmonary diseases". Bulletin of Siberian Medicine 6, n. 1 (30 marzo 2007): 13–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.20538/1682-0363-2007-1-13-38.
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Parameters of breathing biomechanics in healthy persons (n = 20), patients with bronchial asthma (n = 30) and chronic obstruc-tive pulmonary disease (n = 30) are analyzed during electrical stimulation of the diaphragm. Methodology of homeostatic parame-ters searching and their classification is offered. Descriptive and comparative analyses are performed. Homeostatic parameters of biomechanics describing the condition of elastic and non -elastic properties of respiratory system, of respiratory muscles, of general pulmonary hysteresis, breathing regulation are differentiated. Basic homeostatic parameter is the ratio of inspiratory capacity to the lungs elastic recoil. The model of lungs with the biomechanical buffer and retractive-elastic- surfactant complex of lungs is offered. Biomechanical homeostasis idea of respiratory system as ability of an organism to support in dynamics balance normal and patho-logical conditions essentially important for preservation of respiratory system biomechanical parameters in admissible limits is for-mulated.
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Nagelli, Christopher, Samuel Wordeman, Stephanie Di Stasi, Joshua Hoffman, Tiffany Marulli e Timothy E. Hewett. "Biomechanical Deficits at the Hip in Athletes With ACL Reconstruction Are Ameliorated With Neuromuscular Training". American Journal of Sports Medicine 46, n. 11 (3 agosto 2018): 2772–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546518787505.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background: The efficacy of a neuromuscular training (NMT) program to ameliorate known hip biomechanical risk factors for athletes with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is currently unknown. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose was to quantify the effects of an NMT program on hip biomechanics among athletes with ACLR and to compare posttraining hip biomechanics with a control group. The hypotheses were that known hip biomechanical risk factors of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury would be significantly reduced among athletes with ACLR after the NMT program and that posttraining hip biomechanics between the ACLR and control cohorts would not differ. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Twenty-eight athletes (n = 18, ACLR; n = 10, uninjured) completed a 12-session NMT program. Biomechanical evaluation of a jump-landing task was done before and after completion of the program. Repeated measures analysis of variance was performed to understand the effect of NMT within the ACLR cohort. Two-way analysis of variance was used to compare both groups. Post hoc testing was done for significant interactions. Hip biomechanical variables at initial contact are reported. Results: The athletes with ACLR who completed the NMT program had a significant session × limb interaction ( P = .01) for hip external rotation moment and a significant main effect of session for hip flexion angle ( P = .049) and moment ( P < .001). There was a significant change for the involved ( P = .04; 528% increase) and uninvolved ( P = .04; 57% decrease) limbs from pre- to posttraining for hip rotation moment. The ACLR cohort had an increase in hip flexion angle (14% change) and a decrease in hip flexion moment (65% change) from pre- to posttraining. Posttraining comparison for these same hip biomechanical variables of interest revealed no significant interactions ( P > .05) between the ACLR and control cohorts. There was a significant main effect of group ( P = .02) for hip flexion angle, as the ACLR cohort demonstrated greater hip flexion angle than that of the control group. Conclusion: For athletes with ACLR, hip biomechanical measures of ACL injury risk show significant improvements after completion of an NMT program. Clinical Relevance: Athletes with ACLR who are participating in an NMT program may ameliorate known hip biomechanical risk factors for an ACL injury.
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Runel, Gaël, Noémie Lopez-Ramirez, Julien Chlasta e Ingrid Masse. "Biomechanical Properties of Cancer Cells". Cells 10, n. 4 (13 aprile 2021): 887. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10040887.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Since the crucial role of the microenvironment has been highlighted, many studies have been focused on the role of biomechanics in cancer cell growth and the invasion of the surrounding environment. Despite the search in recent years for molecular biomarkers to try to classify and stratify cancers, much effort needs to be made to take account of morphological and nanomechanical parameters that could provide supplementary information concerning tissue complexity adaptation during cancer development. The biomechanical properties of cancer cells and their surrounding extracellular matrix have actually been proposed as promising biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. The present review first describes the main methods used to study the mechanical properties of cancer cells. Then, we address the nanomechanical description of cultured cancer cells and the crucial role of the cytoskeleton for biomechanics linked with cell morphology. Finally, we depict how studying interaction of tumor cells with their surrounding microenvironment is crucial to integrating biomechanical properties in our understanding of tumor growth and local invasion.
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DiAngelo, Denis J., Jeffrey L. Scifert, Scott Kitchel, G. Bryan Cornwall e Bobby J. McVay. "Bioabsorbable anterior lumbar plate fixation in conjunction with cage-assisted anterior interbody fusion". Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 97, n. 4 (novembre 2002): 447–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/spi.2002.97.4.0447.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Object. An in vitro biomechanical study was conducted to determine the effects of anterior stabilization on cage-assisted lumbar interbody fusion biomechanics in a multilevel human cadaveric lumbar spine model. Methods. Three spine conditions were compared: harvested, bilateral multilevel cages (CAGES), and CAGES with bioabsorbable anterior plates (CBAP), tested under flexion—extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation. Measurements included vertebral motion, applied load, and bending/rotational moments. Application of anterior fixation decreased local motion and increased stiffness of the instrumented levels. Clinically, this spinal stability may serve to promote fusion. Conclusions. Coupled with the bioabsorbability of the plating material, the bioabsorbable anterior lumbar plating system is considered biomechanically advantageous.
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Li, Fanshu, Kehao Wang e Ziyuan Liu. "In Vivo Biomechanical Measurements of the Cornea". Bioengineering 10, n. 1 (15 gennaio 2023): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10010120.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In early corneal examinations, the relationships between the morphological and biomechanical features of the cornea were unclear. Although consistent links have been demonstrated between the two in certain cases, these are not valid in many diseased states. An accurate assessment of the corneal biomechanical properties is essential for understanding the condition of the cornea. Studies on corneal biomechanics in vivo suggest that clinical problems such as refractive surgery and ectatic corneal disease are closely related to changes in biomechanical parameters. Current techniques are available to assess the mechanical characteristics of the cornea in vivo. Accordingly, various attempts have been expended to obtain the relevant mechanical parameters from different perspectives, using the air-puff method, ultrasound, optical techniques, and finite element analyses. However, a measurement technique that can comprehensively reflect the full mechanical characteristics of the cornea (gold standard) has not yet been developed. We review herein the in vivo measurement techniques used to assess corneal biomechanics, and discuss their advantages and limitations to provide a comprehensive introduction to the current state of technical development to support more accurate clinical decisions.
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Pomerantsev, Andrey. "Search for Available Biomechanical Technologies Suitable for Use in Physical Education Classes". BIO Web of Conferences 29 (2021): 01018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20212901018.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Introduction: One of the most important physical education tasks in school is to learn motor actions. Biomechanical technologies can promote to this process. A school lesson is different from a sports training, so it is necessary keep in mind its specifics. The purpose of the article is to analyse the existing professional biomechanical complexes for their suitability for use in physical education classes. Methods: We studied articles on sports biomechanics and selected 20 professional biomechanical complexes. These complexes can be divided into four technological groups: Optoelectronic Measurement Systems (OMSs), Electromagnetic Measurement Systems (EMSs), Image Processing Systems (IMSs), Inertial Sensory Systems (IMUs). Besides that, we identified 10 crucial categories to estimate opportunity to use biomechanical complexes in school lessons: cost, complexity of setting up and using, assistance need, portability, universality, room volume, construction traumatic, place for using, promptness, volume of data. Thus, each complex was evaluated according to 10 criteria. The biomechanical complex was excluded from further consideration if it got a critical limitation at least one of the criteria. Results: None of the professional biomechanical complexes can be considered suitable for use in physical education classes. As alternative we propose using free biomechanical software and smartphone camera with slow-motion caption.
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Oh, Mujin, Taeoh Tak e Jiyeon LEE. "66847 Biomechanical Analysis of Steering Motion Using Motion Analysis Technique(Biomechanics)". Proceedings of the Asian Conference on Multibody Dynamics 2010.5 (2010): _66847–1_—_66847–7_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeacmd.2010.5._66847-1_.
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Tai, Ching-Lung, Weng-Pin Chen, Mel S. Lee e Lan-Li Lian. "The Biomechanical Study of A Modified Intertrochanteric Valgus Osteotomy(Orthopaedic Biomechanics)". Proceedings of the Asian Pacific Conference on Biomechanics : emerging science and technology in biomechanics 2004.1 (2004): 179–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeapbio.2004.1.179.
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Huang, Xiaowei, Andreas K. Nussler, Marie K. Reumann, Peter Augat, Maximilian M. Menger, Ahmed Ghallab, Jan G. Hengstler, Tina Histing e Sabrina Ehnert. "Contribution to the 3R Principle: Description of a Specimen-Specific Finite Element Model Simulating 3-Point-Bending Tests in Mouse Tibiae". Bioengineering 9, n. 8 (25 luglio 2022): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9080337.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Bone mechanical properties are classically determined by biomechanical tests, which normally destroy the bones and disable further histological or molecular analyses. Thus, obtaining biomechanical data from bone usually requires an additional group of animals within the experimental setup. Finite element models (FEMs) may non-invasively and non-destructively simulate mechanical characteristics based on material properties. The present study aimed to establish and validate an FEM to predict the mechanical properties of mice tibiae. The FEM was established based on µCT (micro-Computed Tomography) data of 16 mouse tibiae. For validating the FEM, simulated parameters were compared to biomechanical data obtained from 3-point bending tests of the identical bones. The simulated and the measured parameters correlated well for bending stiffness (R2 = 0.9104, p < 0.0001) and yield displacement (R2 = 0.9003, p < 0.0001). The FEM has the advantage that it preserves the bones’ integrity, which can then be used for other analytical methods. By eliminating the need for an additional group of animals for biomechanical tests, the established FEM can contribute to reducing the number of research animals in studies focusing on bone biomechanics. This is especially true when in vivo µCT data can be utilized where multiple bone scans can be performed with the same animal at different time points. Thus, by partially replacing biomechanical experiments, FEM simulations may reduce the overall number of animals required for an experimental setup investigating bone biomechanics, which supports the 3R (replace, reduce, and refine) principle.
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Schmitz, Randy J., John C. Cone, Timothy J. Copple, Robert A. Henson e Sandra J. Shultz. "Lower-Extremity Biomechanics and Maintenance of Vertical-Jump Height During Prolonged Intermittent Exercise". Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 23, n. 4 (novembre 2014): 319–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2013-0065.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Context:Potential biomechanical compensations allowing for maintenance of maximal explosive performance during prolonged intermittent exercise, with respect to the corresponding rise in injury rates during the later stages of exercise or competition, are relatively unknown.Objective:To identify lower-extremity countermovement-jump (CMJ) biomechanical factors using a principal-components approach and then examine how these factors changed during a 90-min intermittent-exercise protocol (IEP) while maintaining maximal jump height.Design:Mixed-model design.Setting:Laboratory.Participants:Fifty-nine intermittent-sport athletes (30 male, 29 female) participated in experimental and control conditions.Interventions:Before and after a dynamic warm-up and every 15 min during the 1st and 2nd halves of an individually prescribed 90-min IEP, participants were assessed on rating of perceived exertion, sprint/cut speed, and 3-dimensional CMJ biomechanics (experimental). On a separate day, the same measures were obtained every 15 min during 90 min of quiet rest (control).Main Outcome Measures:Univariate piecewise growth models analyzed progressive changes in CMJ performance and biomechanical factors extracted from a principal-components analysis of the individual biomechanical dependent variables.Results:While CMJ height was maintained during the 1st and 2nd halves, the body descended less and knee kinetic and energetic magnitudes decreased as the IEP progressed.Conclusions:The results indicate that vertical-jump performance is maintained along with progressive biomechanical changes commonly associated with decreased performance. A better understanding of lower-extremity biomechanics during explosive actions in response to IEP allows us to further develop and individualize performance training programs.
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Hewett, Timothy E., Kevin R. Ford, Yingying Y. Xu, Jane Khoury e Gregory D. Myer. "Effectiveness of Neuromuscular Training Based on the Neuromuscular Risk Profile". American Journal of Sports Medicine 45, n. 9 (25 aprile 2017): 2142–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546517700128.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background: The effects of targeted neuromuscular training (TNMT) on movement biomechanics associated with the risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are currently unknown. Purpose/Hypotheses: To determine the effectiveness of TNMT specifically designed to increase trunk control and hip strength. The hypotheses were that (1) TNMT would decrease biomechanical and neuromuscular factors related to an increased ACL injury risk and (2) TNMT would decrease these biomechanical and neuromuscular factors to a greater extent in athletes identified as being at a high risk for future ACL injuries. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Female athletes who participated in jumping, cutting, and pivoting sports underwent 3-dimensional biomechanical testing before the season and after completing TNMT. During testing, athletes performed 3 different types of tasks: (1) drop vertical jump, (2) single-leg drop, and (3) single-leg cross drop. Analysis of covariance was used to examine the treatment effects of TNMT designed to enhance core and hip strength on biomechanical and neuromuscular characteristics. Differences were also evaluated by risk profile. Differences were considered statistically significant at P < .05. Results: TNMT significantly increased hip external rotation moments and moment impulses, increased peak trunk flexion, and decreased peak trunk extension. Athletes with a high risk before the intervention (risk profile III) had a more significant treatment effect of TNMT than low-risk groups (risk profiles I and II). Conclusion: TNMT significantly improved proximal biomechanics, including increased hip external rotation moments and moment impulses, increased peak trunk flexion, and decreased peak trunk extension. TNMT that focuses exclusively on proximal leg and trunk risk factors is not, however, adequate to induce significant changes in frontal-plane knee loading. Biomechanical changes varied across the risk profile groups, with higher risk groups exhibiting greater improvements in their biomechanics.
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Shan, Gongbing. "Soccer Scoring Techniques: How Much Do We Know Them Biomechanically?—A State-of-the-Art Review". Applied Sciences 12, n. 21 (27 ottobre 2022): 10886. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122110886.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Biomechanics investigation on soccer scoring techniques (SSTs) has a relatively long history. Until now, there have been 43 SSTs identified. Yet, the body of biomechanical knowledge is still limited to a few SSTs. This paper aims to provide an up-to-date overview of idiographic biomechanical studies published from the 1960s to the 2020s in order to outline pertinent discoveries, investigation directions, and methodology progresses. Additionally, the challenges faced by SST studies are discussed. The main goal of the paper is to promote biomechanical investigation on SSTs through discussions on problem solving in the past, research progress in the present, and possible research directions for the future.
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Lee, Sang-Hie. "Hand biomechanics in skilled pianists playing a scale in thirds". Medical Problems of Performing Artists 25, n. 4 (1 dicembre 2010): 167–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21091/mppa.2010.4034.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Pianists, who attend to the integral relationship of their particular musculoskeletal characteristics to the piano technique at hand, discover an efficient path to technical advancement and, consequently, to injury prevention. Thus, a study of pianist's hand biomechanics in relation to different piano techniques is highly relevant, as hand features may influence various techniques in different ways. This study addressed relationships between pianists' hand biomechanics and the performance of a scale in thirds, as a part of an ongoing series of studies examining relationships between hand biomechanics and performance data of primary techniques. The biomechanics of hand length and width, finger length, hand span, hand and arm weights, and ulnar deviation at the wrist were compared with tempo, articulation, and dynamic voicing (tone balance between two notes of the thirds). Pearson correlation analysis showed a positive association between ulnar deviation and tempo; the other biomechanical features showed no relationships with any of the performance criteria. Qualitative cross-sectional observation of individual profiles showed that experienced pianists perform with a higher degree of synchrony in two-note descent while pianists with organ training background play with a lesser degree of synchrony. All biomechanical features were closely related among one another with one exception: wrist ulnar deviation was not associated with any other biomechanical features; rather, data suggest possible negative associations. This study underscores the importance of wrist mobility in piano skills development. Further research using a complete set of prototype piano techniques and multiple-level pianist-subjects could provide substantive biomechanical information that may be used to develop efficient pedagogy and prevention strategies for playing-related injuries as well as rehabilitation.
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Liu, Jun Qian. "Study on Knee Movement Mechanical Simulation in Basketball Shooting". Applied Mechanics and Materials 536-537 (aprile 2014): 1351–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.536-537.1351.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Application of sports biomechanics, sports biomechanics analyses of technical action shots, biomechanical characteristics obtained the basketball shooting skill and summarize the influencing factors of sports biomechanics shooting rate, especially for the shot before the body, lower limbs of each part of the action process were studied.
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Petrov, Sergey Yur'yevich, Nataliya Nikolaevna Podgornaya, Anna Eduardovna Aslamazova e Dar'ya Maksimovna Safonova. "Biomechanical studies of the iris and the trabecular meshwork". Ophthalmology journal 8, n. 1 (15 marzo 2015): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ov2015169-78.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article presents a literature review of the latest research in the field of ocular biomechanics with an accent on the role of biomechanical properties of anatomical structures in the development of ocular pathologies. Close attention is paid to biomechanical properties of the iris, the study of its structure and functioning in representatives of different races, as well as its role in anterior eye chamber angle closure and the pathogenesis of angle-closure glaucoma. Experimental and clinical researches of trabecular meshwork biomechanics and modern outlooks on its structure characteristics are described. The review provides information on theoretical developments and practical implications of the development of a new class of local hypotensive drugs that influence the trabecular meshwork tonus (Rho-kinase inhibitors).
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Cicciù, Cervino, Terranova, Risitano, Raffaele, Cucinotta, Santonocito e Fiorillo. "Prosthetic and Mechanical Parameters of the Facial Bone under the Load of Different Dental Implant Shapes: A Parametric Study". Prosthesis 1, n. 1 (14 novembre 2019): 41–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/prosthesis1010006.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In recent years the science of dental materials and implantology have taken many steps forward. In particular, it has tended to optimize the implant design, the implant surface, or the connection between implant and abutment. All these features have been improved or modified to obtain a better response from the body, better biomechanics, increased bone implant contact surface, and better immunological response. The purpose of this article, carried out by a multidisciplinary team, is to evaluate and understand, through the use also of bioengineering tests, the biomechanical aspects, and those induced on the patient's tissues, by dental implants. A comparative analysis on different dental implants of the same manufacturer was carried out to evaluate biomechanical and molecular features. Von Mises analysis has given results regarding the biomechanical behavior of these implants and above all the repercussions on the patient's tissues. Knowing and understanding the biomechanical characteristics with studies of this type could help improve their characteristics in order to have more predictable oral rehabilitations.
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Hughes, Richard E. "Using a Bayesian Network to Predict L5/S1 Spinal Compression Force from Posture, Hand Load, Anthropometry, and Disc Injury Status". Applied Bionics and Biomechanics 2017 (2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2014961.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Stochastic biomechanical modeling has become a useful tool most commonly implemented using Monte Carlo simulation, advanced mean value theorem, or Markov chain modeling. Bayesian networks are a novel method for probabilistic modeling in artificial intelligence, risk modeling, and machine learning. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the suitability of Bayesian networks for biomechanical modeling using a static biomechanical model of spinal forces during lifting. A 20-node Bayesian network model was used to implement a well-established static two-dimensional biomechanical model for predicting L5/S1 compression and shear forces. The model was also implemented as a Monte Carlo simulation in MATLAB. Mean L5/S1 spinal compression force estimates differed by 0.8%, and shear force estimates were the same. The model was extended to incorporate evidence about disc injury, which can modify the prior probability estimates to provide posterior probability estimates of spinal compression force. An example showed that changing disc injury status from false to true increased the estimate of mean L5/S1 compression force by 14.7%. This work shows that Bayesian networks can be used to implement a whole-body biomechanical model used in occupational biomechanics and incorporate disc injury.
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Cos, Ignasi, Nicolas Bélanger e Paul Cisek. "The influence of predicted arm biomechanics on decision making". Journal of Neurophysiology 105, n. 6 (giugno 2011): 3022–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00975.2010.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
There is considerable debate on the extent to which biomechanical properties of movements are taken into account before and during voluntary movements. For example, while several models have described reach planning as primarily kinematic, some studies have suggested that implicit knowledge about biomechanics may also exert some influence on the planning of reaching movements. Here, we investigated whether decisions about reaching movements are influenced by biomechanical factors and whether these factors are taken into account before movement onset. To this end, we designed an experimental paradigm in which humans made free choices between two potential reaching movements where the options varied in path distance as well as biomechanical factors related to movement energy and stability. Our results suggest that the biomechanical properties of potential actions strongly influence the selection between them. In particular, in our task, subjects preferred movements whose final trajectory was better aligned with the major axis of the arm's mobility ellipse, even when the launching properties were very similar. This reveals that the nervous system can predict biomechanical properties of potential actions before movement onset and that these predictions, in addition to purely abstract criteria, may influence the decision-making process.
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Tung, Wen-Lin, Kuan-Yin Lai, Li-Chieh Kuo, I.-Ming Jou e Fong-Chin Su. "BIOMECHANICAL EVALUATION OF TRIGGER FINGER FUNCTION(2B1 Orthopaedic & Rehabilitation Biomechanics IV)". Proceedings of the Asian Pacific Conference on Biomechanics : emerging science and technology in biomechanics 2007.3 (2007): S146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeapbio.2007.3.s146.
Testo completo
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Wu, Dong Mei, Li Tao Zhang e Jun Zhao. "Biomechanical Analysis of Cervical Finite Element Model". Applied Mechanics and Materials 273 (gennaio 2013): 845–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.273.845.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The finite element method is often used in the field of biomechanical analysis. It can study the mechanical response of the internal organization without any experiments on the human body. The paper studies the biomechanics of the cervical spine by the method of finite element analysis. Firstly, the finite element model of the cervical spine including cervical vertebrae and soft tissue is constructed. Secondly, biomechanical analysis of cervical finite element model which is validated to be reasonable and reliable is completed. The results of the control group, the anterior cervical decompression and fusion surgery group, and the artificial cervical disc replacement surgery group are obtained to study the motion degree and ligament force of cervical spine. Thirdly, the summary of the biomechanical analysis of cervical finite element model is concluded.
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Zhang, Bo. "Research on Biomechanical Simulation and Simulation of Badminton Splitting and Hanging Action Based on Edge Computing". Mobile Information Systems 2021 (27 aprile 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5527879.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Sports biomechanics refers to the science of the laws of mechanical motion produced in the process of biological movement. Its essence is to systematically and digitally reconstruct the fundamental attributes and characteristics of motion. At present, the research of sports biomechanics mainly focuses on the theoretical research of basic aspects and lacks the new technology of sports biomechanics digital simulation innovation and data measurement. This article takes the badminton chopping action as the research object and carries out biomechanical simulation and simulation research with the help of edge computing and genetic algorithm. First of all, this paper constructs a badminton chopping and hanging action system framework based on edge computing, so as to facilitate simulation and improve data transmission efficiency. Secondly, genetic algorithm is used in biomechanics simulation and simulation optimization and data analysis process. System testing and simulation verify the excellent performance of the biomechanical simulation of badminton chopping and hanging action established in this paper. The research will provide a reference for the academic circles to explore the field of sports biomechanics.
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Ting, Lena H., Steven A. Kautz, David A. Brown e Felix E. Zajac. "Phase Reversal of Biomechanical Functions and Muscle Activity in Backward Pedaling". Journal of Neurophysiology 81, n. 2 (1 febbraio 1999): 544–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1999.81.2.544.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Phase reversal of biomechanical functions and muscle activity in backward pedaling. Computer simulations of pedaling have shown that a wide range of pedaling tasks can be performed if each limb has the capability of executing six biomechanical functions, which are arranged into three pairs of alternating antagonistic functions. An Ext/Flex pair accelerates the limb into extension or flexion, a Plant/Dorsi pair accelerates the foot into plantarflexion or dorsiflexion, and an Ant/Post pair accelerates the foot anteriorly or posteriorly relative to the pelvis. Because each biomechanical function (i.e., Ext, Flex, Plant, Dorsi, Ant, or Post) contributes to crank propulsion during a specific region in the cycle, phasing of a muscle is hypothesized to be a consequence of its ability to contribute to one or more of the biomechanical functions. Analysis of electromyogram (EMG) patterns has shown that this biomechanical framework assists in the interpretation of muscle activity in healthy and hemiparetic subjects during forward pedaling. Simulations show that backward pedaling can be produced with a phase shift of 180° in the Ant/Post pair. No phase shifts in the Ext/Flex and Plant/Dorsi pairs are then necessary. To further test whether this simple yet biomechanically viable strategy may be used by the nervous system, EMGs from 7 muscles in 16 subjects were measured during backward as well as forward pedaling. As predicted, phasing in vastus medialis (VM), tibialis anterior (TA), medial gastrocnemius (MG), and soleus (SL) were unaffected by pedaling direction, with VM and SL contributing to Ext, MG to Plant, and TA to Dorsi. In contrast, phasing in biceps femoris (BF) and semimembranosus (SM) were affected by pedaling direction, as predicted, compatible with their contribution to the directionally sensitive Post function. Phasing of rectus femoris (RF) was also affected by pedaling direction; however, its ability to contribute to the directionally sensitive Ant function may only be expressed in forward pedaling. RF also contributed significantly to the directionally insensitive Ext function in both forward and backward pedaling. Other muscles also appear to have contributed to more than one function, which was especially evident in backward pedaling (i.e., BF, SM, MG, and TA to Flex). We conclude that the phasing of only the Ant and Post biomechanical functions are directionally sensitive. Further, we suggest that task-dependent modulation of the expression of the functions in the motor output provides this biomechanics-based neural control scheme with the capability to execute a variety of lower limb tasks, including walking.
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Morriën, Floor, Matthew J. D. Taylor e Florentina J. Hettinga. "Biomechanics in Paralympics: Implications for Performance". International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 12, n. 5 (maggio 2017): 578–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2016-0199.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Purpose:To provide an overview of biomechanical studies in Paralympic research and their relevance for performance in Paralympic sports.Methods:The search terms paralympic biomechanics, paralympic sport performance, paralympic athlete performance, and paralympic athlete were entered into the electronic database PubMed.Results:Thirty-four studies were found. Biomechanical studies in Paralympics mainly contributed to performance enhancement by technical optimization (n = 32) and/or injury prevention (n = 6). In addition, biomechanics was found to be important in understanding activity limitation caused by various impairments, which is relevant for evidence-based classification in Paralympic sports (n = 6). Distinctions were made between biomechanical studies in sitting (41%), standing (38%), and swimming athletes (21%). In sitting athletes, mostly kinematics and kinetics in wheelchair propulsion were studied, mainly in athletes with spinal-cord injuries. In addition, kinetics and/or kinematics in wheelchair basketball, seated discus throwing, stationary shot-putting, hand-cycling, sit-skiing, and ice sledge hockey received attention. In standing sports, primarily kinematics of athletes with amputations performing jump sports and running and the optimization of prosthetic devices were investigated. No studies were reported on other standing sports. In swimming, mainly kick rate and resistance training were studied.Conclusions:Biomechanical research is important for performance by gaining insight into technical optimization, injury prevention, and evidence-based classification in Paralympic sports. In future studies it is advised to also include physiological and biomechanical measures, allowing the assessment of the capability of the human body, as well as the resulting movement.
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Fu, Lin, Qi Dai, Pengzhi Zhu, Xu Jia, Fangjun Bao, Xiaoyu Chen, Yana Fu, Hengli Lian, Weihua Yang e Yufeng Ye. "Association between Iris Biological Features and Corneal Biomechanics in Myopic Eyes". Disease Markers 2021 (18 novembre 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5866267.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Purpose. Iris biological features such as surface features and profile characteristics reflected the development of iris stroma and microvessels. Iris vessels and microcirculation are still lack of effective detection methods, and we can directly observe only the iris surface biological characteristics. This cross-sectional study evaluated the association between iris surface biological features and corneal biomechanics in young adults with myopia. Methods. We recruited 152 patients with myopia aged ≥18 years, from the Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, who had complete Corneal Visualization Scheimpflug Technology (Corvis ST) data and graded iris surface features. Iris surface features included crypts, furrows, and color measured from digital slit lamp images. The biomechanical properties of the cornea were assessed using Corvis ST. Only 1 eye of each participant was randomly selected for analysis. Associations between the iris surface features and corneal biomechanics were analyzed using linear regression models. The grade of iris crypts, furrows, and color and corneal biomechanical parameters measured with Corvis ST was the main outcome measures. Results. The iris crypts were significantly associated with deflection amplitude at the first applanation (A1 DLA, β = 0.001 , P = 0.013 ), A1 delta arc length (A1 dArcL) ( β = − 0.001 , P = 0.01 ), maximum delta arc length (dArcLM) ( β = − 0.004 , P = 0.03 ), and stiffness at the first applanation (SP-A1) ( β = − 2.092 , P = 0.016 ). The iris furrows were only associated with integrated radius ( β = − 0.212 , P = 0.025 ). Iris color was found not related with corneal biomechanical parameters measured via Corvis ST. Conclusions. Iris surface features were associated with corneal biomechanical properties in myopic eyes; more iris crypts were associated with lower corneal stiffness while more extensive furrows were related with higher corneal stiffness. Iris crypts and furrows may provide useful information on corneal biomechanical properties in myopic eyes.
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Shetty, Rohit, Rudy M. M. A. Nuijts, Purnima Srivatsa, Chaitra Jayadev, Natasha Pahuja, Mukunda C. Akkali e Abhijit Sinha Roy. "Understanding the Correlation between Tomographic and Biomechanical Severity of Keratoconic Corneas". BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/294197.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Purpose.To evaluate correlation between tomographic gradation of keratoconus (KC) and its corresponding air-puff induced biomechanical response.Methods.Corneal tomography and biomechanics were measured with Scheimpflug imaging in 44 normal and 92 KC corneas. Deformation waveform was also analyzed with Fourier series. A custom KC severity scale was used from 1 to 3 with 3 as the most severe grade. Tomographic and biomechanical variables were assessed among the grades. Sensitivity and specificity of the variables were assessed using receiver operating characteristics (ROC).Results.Curvature variables were significantly different between normal and disease (P<0.05) and among grades (P<0.05). Biomechanical variables were significantly different between normal and disease (P<0.05) but similar among grades 1 and 2 (P>0.05). All variables had an area under the ROC curve greater than 0.5. The root mean square of the Fourier cosine coefficients had the best ROC (0.92, cut-off: 0.027, sensitivity: 83%, specificity: 88.6%). Spearman correlation coefficient was significant between most variables (P<0.05). However, tomographic segregation of keratoconus did not result in concomitant biomechanical segregation of the grades.Conclusions.There was lack of significant biomechanical difference between mild disease grades, despite progressive corneal thinning. Mathematical models that estimate corneal modulus from air-puff deformation may be more useful.
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Paquette, Max R., e Daniel A. Melcher. "Impact of a Long Run on Injury-Related Biomechanics with Relation to Weekly Mileage in Trained Male Runners". Journal of Applied Biomechanics 33, n. 3 (giugno 2017): 216–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.2016-0170.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The purposes of this study were to compare selected biomechanical variables before and after a long run, and to assess the relationship between weekly running volume and changes in lower limb biomechanics after the run. Twelve trained habitual rearfoot strike male runners ran overground before and after a treadmill long run while kinematic and kinetic data were recorded. Repeated measures analysis of variance and Cohen’s d effect sizes were used to compare kinematic and kinetic variables before and after the run. Loading rate was 6% higher after the run (p < .05) but this difference had a small effect size (d = .32). Moderate effects were found for a 25% increase in peak ankle eversion (d = 0.62) and a 10% increase in hip adduction (d = 0.60) after the run. These findings suggest that the completion of a submaximal long run does not yield potentially injurious lower limb biomechanics in uninjured rearfoot strike runners. Weekly running mileage was not correlated to biomechanical changes observed before and after the long run. Since biomechanical responses to the long run varied among runners, differences in other factors such as specific training regimens and neuromuscular control should be considered in future studies.
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King, Oisín, Ilona Sunyovszki e Cesare M. Terracciano. "Vascularisation of pluripotent stem cell–derived myocardium: biomechanical insights for physiological relevance in cardiac tissue engineering". Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology 473, n. 7 (14 aprile 2021): 1117–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00424-021-02557-8.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractThe myocardium is a diverse environment, requiring coordination between a variety of specialised cell types. Biochemical crosstalk between cardiomyocytes (CM) and microvascular endothelial cells (MVEC) is essential to maintain contractility and healthy tissue homeostasis. Yet, as myocytes beat, heterocellular communication occurs also through constantly fluctuating biomechanical stimuli, namely (1) compressive and tensile forces generated directly by the beating myocardium, and (2) pulsatile shear stress caused by intra-microvascular flow. Despite endothelial cells (EC) being highly mechanosensitive, the role of biomechanical stimuli from beating CM as a regulatory mode of myocardial-microvascular crosstalk is relatively unexplored. Given that cardiac biomechanics are dramatically altered during disease, and disruption of myocardial-microvascular communication is a known driver of pathological remodelling, understanding the biomechanical context necessary for healthy myocardial-microvascular interaction is of high importance. The current gap in understanding can largely be attributed to technical limitations associated with reproducing dynamic physiological biomechanics in multicellular in vitro platforms, coupled with limited in vitro viability of primary cardiac tissue. However, differentiation of CM from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) has provided an unlimited source of human myocytes suitable for designing in vitro models. This technology is now converging with the diverse field of tissue engineering, which utilises in vitro techniques designed to enhance physiological relevance, such as biomimetic extracellular matrix (ECM) as 3D scaffolds, microfluidic perfusion of vascularised networks, and complex multicellular architectures generated via 3D bioprinting. These strategies are now allowing researchers to design in vitro platforms which emulate the cell composition, architectures, and biomechanics specific to the myocardial-microvascular microenvironment. Inclusion of physiological multicellularity and biomechanics may also induce a more mature phenotype in stem cell–derived CM, further enhancing their value. This review aims to highlight the importance of biomechanical stimuli as determinants of CM-EC crosstalk in cardiac health and disease, and to explore emerging tissue engineering and hPSC technologies which can recapitulate physiological dynamics to enhance the value of in vitro cardiac experimentation.
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Ericksen, Hayley M., Brian Pietrosimone, Phillip A. Gribble e Abbey C. Thomas. "Evaluation of Agreement Between Participant and Expert on Jump-Landing Characteristics During a 4-Week Intervention". Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 27, n. 6 (1 novembre 2018): 536–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2017-0015.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Context: Feedback is an important factor in interventions designed to reduce anterior cruciate ligament injury risk. Self-analysis feedback requires participants to self-critique their jump-landing mechanics; however, it is unknown if individuals can effectively self-analyze their own biomechanics and if this self-analysis agrees with observed biomechanical changes by an expert. Objective: To determine agreement between an expert and participants on biomechanical errors committed during 3 of 12 sessions, which were part of an intervention to change jump-landing biomechanics in healthy females. Design: Descriptive analysis. Setting: Research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Healthy recreationally active females with no history of lower-extremity fracture or surgery. Interventions: Participants completed a 4-week, 12-session feedback intervention. Each intervention session lasted approximately 15 minutes and included asking participants to perform 6 sets of 6 jumps off a 30-cm-high box placed 50% of their height away from the target landing area. Participants performed self-analysis feedback and received expert feedback on 7 different jump-landing criteria following each set of jumps. Main Outcome Measures: Data were coded, and agreement between the expert and the participant was assessed using Cohen’s unweighted kappa for sessions 1, 6, and 12. Results: There was agreement between the expert and participants for 0/7 criteria for session 1, 3/7 criteria for session 6, and 4/7 criteria for session 12. Conclusions: Participants demonstrated some agreement with the expert when evaluating their jump-landing biomechanics. Self-analysis feedback may not replace what an expert can provide; both types of feedback may be better used in conjunction to produce significant biomechanical changes. Changes made by the participant may not translate into biomechanical changes during a real-life game or practice situation. Future research should continue to investigate effective interventions to reduce injury risk.
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Rajkumar, R. Vinodh. "Biomechanics Specialization in Aging Science and Research: Biomechanical Gerontology or Geronto-Biomechanics?" International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research 7, n. 3 (26 agosto 2022): 191–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijshr.20220727.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Aging process becomes a miserable phase of lifespan of various individuals. Gerontology and Geriatrics exclusively deal with researching complex human ailments pertinent to old age in order to overcome the challenges posed by several irreversible physiological changes occurring with aging. Inevitably, homeostasis declines and massive allostasis gets organized during aging to destroy the functional independence and survival potential. Controlling the rate of aging process is the only possible self-regulating strategy available to each individual to enjoy Morbidity-Attenuated Life Years (MALYs) but maintaining an optimal fitness competence to travel along the healthy aging trajectory is not effortlessly feasible regardless of the socioeconomic conditions. Fitness evaluations on different age groups enhances the understanding that the aging process might be a premature event among several individuals at an early age itself due to multifactorial reasons, and the biomechanical constraints displayed by such individuals expose the probable wide spectrum of postural and movement dysfunctions or disabilities of unhealthy older adults. Many such health-ruining erroneous postures and movements remain asymptomatic perilously, which when addressed during appropriate stage in life, could repair the impaired physical efficiency to sustain the abilities to counteract the effects of gravitational force on the body. The importance of early detection and rectification of such peculiar biomechanical dysfunctions should become an integral part of public health prophylaxis. The repertoire of biomechanical dysfunctions of premature unhealthy aging needs to be strongly merged with gerontology to strengthen the pursuits to retard unsuccessful aging and accomplish successful aging. Keywords: Biogerontology, Biomechanics, Ageing Trajectory, Compression of Morbidity, Polypharmacy, Comorbidities, Successful Aging, Unsuccessful Aging.
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Schwarz, R. J., J. W. Brandsma e D. J. Giurintano. "A Review of the Biomechanics of Intrinsic Replacement in Ulnar Palsy". Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 35, n. 2 (10 luglio 2009): 94–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753193408091569.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The actions of the interossei and lumbricals are many and their loss causes significant impairment of hand function. Many procedures have been described to restore intrinsic function following ulnar nerve palsy. There are many biomechanical issues involved in tendon transfers, including choice of muscle-tendon unit, route, insertion site, tension and drag. The surgeon, therefore, should have a good understanding of biomechanical principles to ensure optimal results. In this article the principles of biomechanics are reviewed with specific reference to tendon transfers for intrinsic reconstruction in ulnar palsy, along with their practical implications.
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DiDomenico, Angela, Raymond W. McGorry e Chien-Chi Chang. "Biomechanics of a Micro-Slip". Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 49, n. 14 (settembre 2005): 1297–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120504901407.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
A study was conducted to investigate the differences in common biomechanical measures for slips not leading to falls, particularly micro-slips (heel displacement less than 30 mm). Thirty-one participants ranging in age from 18-67 years old performed walking trials at three gait speeds over three floor surfaces with substantially different coefficients of friction. The magnitude of heel displacement was significantly affected by floor surface and gait velocity. Trials were categorized by heel displacement (non-slip, micro-slip, slide) and then biomechanical measures were calculated. Findings of the present study indicated that biomechanical measures differed significantly for all three of the slip categories. Although micro-slips are not generally perceived by the individual, biomechanically they differ from normal walking and should be investigated further to understand the conditions that cause a fall to occur after a slip.
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Burns, Geoffrey T., Kenneth M. Kozloff e Ronald F. Zernicke. "Biomechanics of Elite Performers: Economy and Efficiency of Movement". Kinesiology Review 9, n. 1 (1 febbraio 2020): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/kr.2019-0058.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Movement is essential to the human experience, and efficient biomechanics facilitate effective action across the breadth of tasks one encounters in life. The concept of movement efficiency has been investigated and explored through a variety of means including biomechanical modeling, simulation, and experimental manipulation. Observations of elite performers for a given movement task serve as an additional line of insight into efficiency, as their movements have been driven toward optimization via competitive pressure. The authors first discuss the concept of efficiency in biomechanics from a qualitative perspective and the broad tools with which we explore it. They then highlight biomechanical investigations of elite performers and their contributions to our understanding of efficiency. Examples from various classes of movements illustrate unique insights of the elite performers in informing our understanding of movement efficiency.
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Marcincin, Jozef N., e Juraj Smrcek. "Biomechanical grippers: important elements of biomechanical robots". Industrial Robot: An International Journal 24, n. 3 (giugno 1997): 234–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01439919710167453.
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Hisatomi, Sayaka, Hisashi Naito, Takeshi Matsumoto, Eiji Tanaka e Masao Tanaka. "Biomechanical Analysis of TMJ Soft Tissues under Asymmetric Jaw Movement(3D1 Dental Biomechanics)". Proceedings of the Asian Pacific Conference on Biomechanics : emerging science and technology in biomechanics 2007.3 (2007): S219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeapbio.2007.3.s219.
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Fu, Lin, Yufeng Ye, Xu Jia, Yunjie Zhang, Xiaoyu Chen, Hengli Lian, Weihua Yang e Qi Dai. "Association of Iris Structural Measurements with Corneal Biomechanics in Myopic Eyes". Disease Markers 2021 (31 dicembre 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2080962.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Purpose. To evaluate the relationship between iris sectional parameters on swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) with corneal biomechanics measured by Corneal Visualization Scheimpflug Technology (Corvis ST) in young adults with myopia. Methods. 117 patients with myopia aged ≥18 years were recruited from the Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, who had complete SS-OCT and Corvis ST data. Only the left eye of each participant was selected for analysis. Iris sectional parameters included iris thickness at 750 μm from the scleral spur (IT750), iris sectional area (I-area), and iris curvature (I-curv) measured from four quadrants. Associations between the iris parameters and corneal biomechanics were analyzed using linear regression models. Results. The mean age of the included young adults was 26.26 ± 6.62 years old with 44 males and 73 females. The iris parameters were different among the four quadrants. The nasal, temporal, and inferior quadrants of IT750, together with nasal and temporal quadrants of I-area, were correlated with corneal biomechanical parameters after being adjusted for age, gender, pupil diameter, and axial length. Thicker IT750 and larger I-area were related to a softer cornea. However, no association was found between I-curv and corneal biomechanics. Conclusions. Iris sectional parameters measured from SS-OCT images were associated with corneal biomechanical properties in myopic eyes. Thicker IT750 and larger I-area indicate a softer cornea. IT750 and I-area may provide useful information on corneal biomechanical properties in myopic eyes.