Articoli di riviste: "Biologie des invasions"

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Hubbs, Clark. "Biological Invasions in Europe and the Mediterranean Basin. Monographie Biologicae, Volume 65. F. di Castri , A. J. Hansen , M. DebusscheDynamics of Biological Invasions. Rob HengeveldEingeburgerte Fischarten: Zur Biologie und Verbreitung Allochthoner Wildfische in Europa. Die Neue Brehm-Bucherei, Volume 602. Andreas Arnold". Quarterly Review of Biology 66, n. 2 (giugno 1991): 226–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/417209.

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Vrbničanin, Sava, e Dragana Božić. "Biological invasions: The example of weed species". Acta herbologica 23, n. 2 (2014): 97–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/actaherb1402097v.

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Romanuk, Tamara N., Yun Zhou, Ulrich Brose, Eric L. Berlow, Richard J. Williams e Neo D. Martinez. "Predicting invasion success in complex ecological networks". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 364, n. 1524 (27 giugno 2009): 1743–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2008.0286.

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A central and perhaps insurmountable challenge of invasion ecology is to predict which combinations of species and habitats most effectively promote and prevent biological invasions. Here, we integrate models of network structure and nonlinear population dynamics to search for potential generalities among trophic factors that may drive invasion success and failure. We simulate invasions where 100 different species attempt to invade 150 different food webs with 15–26 species and a wide range (0.06–0.32) of connectance. These simulations yield 11 438 invasion attempts by non-basal species, 47 per cent of which are successful. At the time of introduction, whether or not the invader is a generalist best predicts final invasion success; however, once the invader establishes itself, it is best distinguished from unsuccessful invaders by occupying a lower trophic position and being relatively invulnerable to predation. In general, variables that reflect the interaction between an invading species and its new community, such as generality and trophic position, best predict invasion success; however, for some trophic categories of invaders, fundamental species traits, such as having the centre of the feeding range low on the theoretical niche axis (for non-omnivorous and omnivorous herbivores), or the topology of the food web (for tertiary carnivores), best predict invasion success. Across all invasion scenarios, a discriminant analysis model predicted successful and failed invasions with 76.5 per cent accuracy for properties at the time of introduction or 100 per cent accuracy for properties at the time of establishment. More generally, our results suggest that tackling the challenge of predicting the properties of species and habitats that promote or inhibit invasions from food web perspective may aid ecologists in identifying rules that govern invasions in natural ecosystems.

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Ingenloff, Kathryn, Christopher M. Hensz, Tashitso Anamza, Vijay Barve, Lindsay P. Campbell, Jacob C. Cooper, Ed Komp et al. "Predictable invasion dynamics in North American populations of the Eurasian collared dove Streptopelia decaocto". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284, n. 1862 (6 settembre 2017): 20171157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.1157.

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Species invasions represent a significant dimension of global change yet the dynamics of invasions remain poorly understood and are considered rather unpredictable. We explored interannual dynamics of the invasion process in the Eurasian collared dove ( Streptopelia decaocto ) and tested whether the advance of the invasion front of the species in North America relates to centrality (versus peripherality) within its estimated fundamental ecological niche. We used ecological niche modelling approaches to estimate the dimensions of the fundamental ecological niche on the Old World distribution of the species, and then transferred that model to the New World as measures of centrality versus peripherality within the niche for the species. Although our hypothesis was that the invasion front would advance faster over more favourable (i.e. more central) conditions, the reverse was the case: the invasion expanded faster in areas presenting less favourable (i.e. more peripheral) conditions for the species as it advanced across North America. This result offers a first view of a predictive approach to the dynamics of species' invasions, and thereby has relevant implications for the management of invasive species, as such a predictive understanding would allow better anticipation of coming steps and advances in the progress of invasions, important to designing and guiding effective remediation and mitigation efforts.

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Yang, Tianjie, Gang Han, Qingjun Yang, Ville-Petri Friman, Shaohua Gu, Zhong Wei, George A. Kowalchuk, Yangchun Xu, Qirong Shen e Alexandre Jousset. "Resource stoichiometry shapes community invasion resistance via productivity-mediated species identity effects". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 285, n. 1893 (12 dicembre 2018): 20182035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.2035.

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Diversity–invasion resistance relationships are often variable and sensitive to environmental conditions such as resource availability. Resource stoichiometry, the relative concentration of different elements in the environment, has been shown to have strong effects on the physiology and interactions between different species. Yet, its role for diversity–invasion resistance relationships is still poorly understood. Here, we explored how the ratio of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus affects the productivity and invasion resistance of constructed microbial communities by a plant pathogenic bacterium, Ralstonia solanacearum . We found that resource stoichiometry and species identity effects affected the invasion resistance of communities. Both high N concentration and resident community diversity constrained invasions, and two resident species, in particular, had strong negative effects on the relative density of the invader and the resident community productivity. While resource stoichiometry did not affect the mean productivity of the resident community, it favoured the growth of two species that strongly constrained invasions turning the slope of productivity–invasion resistance relationship more negative. Together our findings suggest that alterations in resource stoichiometry can change the community resistance to invasions by having disproportionate effects on species growth, potentially explaining changes in microbial community composition under eutrophication.

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Keenan, Vincent A., e Stephen J. Cornell. "Anomalous invasion dynamics due to dispersal polymorphism and dispersal–reproduction trade-offs". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 288, n. 1942 (13 gennaio 2021): 20202825. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.2825.

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Dispersal polymorphism and mutation play significant roles during biological invasions, potentially leading to evolution and complex behaviour such as accelerating or decelerating invasion fronts. However, life-history theory predicts that reproductive fitness—another key determinant of invasion dynamics—may be lower for more dispersive strains. Here, we use a mathematical model to show that unexpected invasion dynamics emerge from the combination of heritable dispersal polymorphism, dispersal-fitness trade-offs, and mutation between strains. We show that the invasion dynamics are determined by the trade-off relationship between dispersal and population growth rates of the constituent strains. We find that invasion dynamics can be ‘anomalous’ (i.e. faster than any of the strains in isolation), but that the ultimate invasion speed is determined by the traits of, at most, two strains. The model is simple but generic, so we expect the predictions to apply to a wide range of ecological, evolutionary, or epidemiological invasions.

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Manus, Jean-Marie. "Des analyses de biologie pour remplacer les explorations invasives". Revue Française des Laboratoires 2001, n. 338 (dicembre 2001): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0338-9898(01)80328-0.

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Derham, Tristan T., Richard P. Duncan, Christopher N. Johnson e Menna E. Jones. "Hope and caution: rewilding to mitigate the impacts of biological invasions". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 373, n. 1761 (22 ottobre 2018): 20180127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2018.0127.

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Rewilding is a novel approach to ecological restoration. Trophic rewilding in particular aims to reinstate ecological functions, especially trophic interactions, through the introduction of animals. We consider the potential for trophic rewilding to address biological invasions. In this broad review, we note some of the important conceptual and ethical foundations of rewilding, including a focus on ecosystem function rather than composition, reliance on animal agency, and an appeal to an ethic of coexistence. Second, we use theory from invasion biology to highlight pathways by which rewilding might prevent or mitigate the impacts of an invasion, including increasing biotic resistance. Third, we use a series of case studies to illustrate how reintroductions can mitigate the impacts of invasions. These include reintroductions and positive management of carnivores and herbivores including European pine martens ( Martes martes ), Eurasian otters ( Lutra lutra ), dingoes ( Canis dingo ), Tasmanian devils ( Sarcophilus harrisii ) and tule elk ( Cervus canadensis nannodes ). Fourth, we consider the risk that rewilding may enable a biological invasion or aggravate its impacts. Lastly, we highlight lessons that rewilding science might take from invasion biology. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Trophic rewilding: consequences for ecosystems under global change’.

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Florance, Daniel, Jonathan K. Webb, Tim Dempster, Michael R. Kearney, Alex Worthing e Mike Letnic. "Excluding access to invasion hubs can contain the spread of an invasive vertebrate". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 278, n. 1720 (23 febbraio 2011): 2900–2908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2011.0032.

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Many biological invasions do not occur as a gradual expansion along a continuous front, but result from the expansion of satellite populations that become established at ‘invasion hubs’. Although theoretical studies indicate that targeting control efforts at invasion hubs can effectively contain the spread of invasions, few studies have demonstrated this in practice. In arid landscapes worldwide, humans have increased the availability of surface water by creating artificial water points (AWPs) such as troughs and dams for livestock. By experimentally excluding invasive cane toads ( Bufo marinus ) from AWP, we show that AWP provide a resource subsidy for non-arid-adapted toads and serve as dry season refuges and thus invasion hubs for cane toads in arid Australia. Using data on the distribution of permanent water in arid Australia and the dispersal potential of toads, we predict that systematically excluding toads from AWP would reduce the area of arid Australia across which toads are predicted to disperse and colonize under average climatic conditions by 38 per cent from 2 242 000 to 1 385 000 km 2 . Our study shows how human modification of hydrological regimes can create a network of invasion hubs that facilitates a biological invasion, and confirms that targeted control at invasion hubs can reduce landscape connectivity to contain the spread of an invasive vertebrate.

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Neelam Das, Pavan Kumar Addanki. "A Clinical and Radiographic Study Evaluated the Biologic Width of the Periodontium in Individuals with Healthy Periodontitis, Generalized Chronic Periodontitis and Generalized Aggressive Periodontitis". Tuijin Jishu/Journal of Propulsion Technology 44, n. 4 (16 ottobre 2023): 7478–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.52783/tjjpt.v44.i4.2598.

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The progression of periodontal destruction is generally considered to be chronic in nature and slowly progressing. This study was to correlate radiographic examination with the clinical periodontal condition in cases of biologic width in subjects with healthy periodontium,generalized chronic periodontitis and generalized aggressive periodontitisclinically and radiographically. Subjects between the age group of 20 and 45 years were screened. About10 patients each with healthy periodontium,subjects with generalized chronic periodontitis and generalized aggressive periodontitis were selected.The 21 sites each with biologic width invasion were found in patients with the three groups.The mean biological widthper group was compared with the control group. Radiographs and clinical periodontal parameters were analyzed. Exploratory analysis and Spearman’s correlation were used to perform statistical analyses (SPSS p<0.05).Results showed a positive correlation between radiographic parameters of biologic width invasion and clinical conditions, with the mean clinical biological widthvalues in the healthy group being statistically greater than those in the groups 1 and 2.

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Schmidt, Lindsay, e Jeffrey Myers. "Bronchioloalveolar Carcinoma and the Significance of Invasion: Predicting Biologic Behavior". Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 134, n. 10 (1 ottobre 2010): 1450–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2010-0227-cr.1.

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Abstract A resected adenocarcinoma illustrates challenges in diagnosing bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC). Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma is defined by lack of invasion, something that may be difficult to assess in scars. Small (≤0.5 cm) invasive foci have little impact on the good prognosis associated with low-stage tumors. The term microinvasive adenocarcinoma or minimally invasive adenocarcinoma has been proposed for otherwise typical BACs and small invasive foci measuring 0.5 cm or less. Larger areas of invasion are associated with a more aggressive course and more reliably distinguish BAC from other variants of adenocarcinoma. Separating BAC from other forms of adenocarcinoma is important owing to differences in prognosis and emerging therapeutic strategies.

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Mikkelsen, Tom. "Cytostatic Agents in the Management of Malignant Gliomas". Cancer Control 5, n. 2 (marzo 1998): 150–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107327489800500206.

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Background: Cytotoxic therapy for malignant gliomas is limited by poor delivery and drug resistance, and local therapy is ineffective in managing migratory cells. However, recent developments in malignant glioma therapy involve trials of cytostatic rather than conventional cytotoxic agents. Methods: The biology of the brain extracellular matrix, tumor invasion, and angiogenesis are reviewed, and the cytostatic agents that inhibit matrix metalloproteinases, angiogenesis, cell proliferation, and signal transduction are discussed, as well as studies of the angiogenic and migratory capacity of malignant brain tumors. Results: Two specific and interrelated areas, anti-invasion (migration) and anti-angiogenesis, are potential areas to develop new treatment strategies. Tumor invasion and angiogenesis are important components of the spread and biologic effects of malignant gliomas. Several proteinase inhibitors are in clinical trial, as well as anti-angiogenic agents and signal transduction cascade inhibitors. Conclusions: Biologic control of brain tumor cell populations may offer a new management approach to add to currently available management options for malignant brain tumors.

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Strona, Giovanni, Corey J. A. Bradshaw, Pedro Cardoso, Nicholas J. Gotelli, Frédéric Guillaume, Federica Manca, Ville Mustonen e Luis Zaman. "Time-travelling pathogens and their risk to ecological communities". PLOS Computational Biology 19, n. 7 (27 luglio 2023): e1011268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011268.

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Permafrost thawing and the potential ‘lab leak’ of ancient microorganisms generate risks of biological invasions for today’s ecological communities, including threats to human health via exposure to emergent pathogens. Whether and how such ‘time-travelling’ invaders could establish in modern communities is unclear, and existing data are too scarce to test hypotheses. To quantify the risks of time-travelling invasions, we isolated digital virus-like pathogens from the past records of coevolved artificial life communities and studied their simulated invasion into future states of the community. We then investigated how invasions affected diversity of the free-living bacteria-like organisms (i.e., hosts) in recipient communities compared to controls where no invasion occurred (and control invasions of contemporary pathogens). Invading pathogens could often survive and continue evolving, and in a few cases (3.1%) became exceptionally dominant in the invaded community. Even so, invaders often had negligible effects on the invaded community composition; however, in a few, highly unpredictable cases (1.1%), invaders precipitated either substantial losses (up to -32%) or gains (up to +12%) in the total richness of free-living species compared to controls. Given the sheer abundance of ancient microorganisms regularly released into modern communities, such a low probability of outbreak events still presents substantial risks. Our findings therefore suggest that unpredictable threats so far confined to science fiction and conjecture could in fact be powerful drivers of ecological change.

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Coakley, Stephanie, e Carloalberto Petti. "Impacts of the Invasive Impatiens glandulifera: Lessons Learned from One of Europe’s Top Invasive Species". Biology 10, n. 7 (3 luglio 2021): 619. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10070619.

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Biological invasions are renowned for their negative ecological and economic implications, however from studying invasions invaluable insights can be gained in the fields of ecology and evolution- potentially contributing towards conservation plans to deal, not only with biological invasion, but with other concerning issues, such as climate change. Impatiens glandulifera, or Himalayan balsam, is widely considered to be a highly problematic invasive, having spread across more than thirty countries during the past century. This paper will examine the findings which have arose from studying I. glandulifera and its impacts on the invaded ecosystem.

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Northfield, Tobin D., Susan G. W. Laurance, Margaret M. Mayfield, Dean R. Paini, William E. Snyder, Daniel B. Stouffer, Jeffrey T. Wright e Lori Lach. "Native turncoats and indirect facilitation of species invasions". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 285, n. 1871 (24 gennaio 2018): 20171936. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.1936.

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At local scales, native species can resist invasion by feeding on and competing with would-be invasive species. However, this relationship tends to break down or reverse at larger scales. Here, we consider the role of native species as indirect facilitators of invasion and their potential role in this diversity-driven ‘invasion paradox’. We coin the term ‘native turncoats’ to describe native facilitators of non-native species and identify eight ways they may indirectly facilitate species invasion. Some are commonly documented, while others, such as indirect interactions within competitive communities, are largely undocumented in an invasion context. Therefore, we use models to evaluate the likelihood that these competitive interactions influence invasions. We find that native turncoat effects increase with the number of resources and native species. Furthermore, our findings suggest the existence, abundance and effectiveness of native turncoats in a community could greatly influence invasion success at large scales.

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Kurkjian, Helen M., M. Javad Akbari e Babak Momeni. "The impact of interactions on invasion and colonization resistance in microbial communities". PLOS Computational Biology 17, n. 1 (22 gennaio 2021): e1008643. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008643.

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In human microbiota, the prevention or promotion of invasions can be crucial to human health. Invasion outcomes, in turn, are impacted by the composition of resident communities and interactions of resident members with the invader. Here we study how interactions influence invasion outcomes in microbial communities, when interactions are primarily mediated by chemicals that are released into or consumed from the environment. We use a previously developed dynamic model which explicitly includes species abundances and the concentrations of chemicals that mediate species interaction. Using this model, we assessed how species interactions impact invasion by simulating a new species being introduced into an existing resident community. We classified invasion outcomes as resistance, augmentation, displacement, or disruption depending on whether the richness of the resident community was maintained or decreased and whether the invader was maintained in the community or went extinct. We found that as the number of invaders introduced into the resident community increased, disruption rather than augmentation became more prevalent. With more facilitation of the invader by the resident community, resistance outcomes were replaced by displacement and augmentation. By contrast, with more facilitation among residents, displacement outcomes shifted to resistance. When facilitation of the resident community by the invader was eliminated, the majority of augmentation outcomes turned into displacement, while when inhibition of residents by invaders was eliminated, invasion outcomes were largely unaffected. Our results suggest that a better understanding of interactions within resident communities and between residents and invaders is crucial to predicting the success of invasions into microbial communities.

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Daly, Ella Z., Hannah Sørine Gerlich, Yves Frenot, Toke T. Høye, Martin Holmstrup e David Renault. "Climate Change Helps Polar Invasives Establish and Flourish: Evidence from Long-Term Monitoring of the Blowfly Calliphora vicina". Biology 12, n. 1 (10 gennaio 2023): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology12010111.

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The isolated sub-Antarctic islands are of major ecological interest because of their unique species diversity and long history of limited human disturbance. However, since the presence of Europeans, these islands and their sensitive biota have been under increasing pressure due to human activity and associated biological invasions. In such delicate ecosystems, biological invasions are an exceptional threat that may be further amplified by climate change. We examined the invasion trajectory of the blowfly Calliphora vicina (Robineau-Desvoidy 1830). First introduced in the sub-Antarctic Kerguelen Islands in the 1970s, it is thought to have persisted only in sheltered microclimates for several decades. Here, we show that, in recent decades, C. vicina has been able to establish itself more widely. We combine experimental thermal developmental data with long-term ecological and meteorological monitoring to address whether warming conditions help explain its current success and dynamics in the eastern Kerguelen Islands. We found that warming temperatures and accumulated degree days could explain the species’ phenological and long-term invasion dynamics, indicating that climate change has likely assisted its establishment. This study represents a unique long-term view of a polar invader and stresses the rapidly increasing susceptibility of cold regions to invasion under climate change.

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Goldstein, Joshua, Jaewoo Park, Murali Haran, Andrew Liebhold e Ottar N. Bjørnstad. "Quantifying spatio-temporal variation of invasion spread". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286, n. 1894 (9 gennaio 2019): 20182294. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.2294.

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— The spread of invasive species can have far-reaching environmental and ecological consequences. Understanding invasion spread patterns and the underlying process driving invasions are key to predicting and managing invasions. — We combine a set of statistical methods in a novel way to characterize local spread properties and demonstrate their application using simulated and historical data on invasive insects. Our method uses a Gaussian process fit to the surface of waiting times to invasion in order to characterize the vector field of spread. — Using this method, we estimate with statistical uncertainties the speed and direction of spread at each location. Simulations from a stratified diffusion model verify the accuracy of our method. — We show how we may link local rates of spread to environmental covariates for two case studies: the spread of the gypsy moth ( Lymantria dispar ), and hemlock woolly adelgid ( Adelges tsugae ) in North America. We provide an R-package that automates the calculations for any spatially referenced waiting time data.

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Chand, M. T., K. Stashek, E. E. Furth, R. Tondon e A. Al Zeer. "The Biologic Diversity of Colorectal Carcinoma (CRC) is Present in the Early Stage: Quantitative Analysis of Malignant Polyps". American Journal of Clinical Pathology 160, Supplement_1 (1 novembre 2023): S31—S32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/aqad150.069.

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Abstract Introduction/Objective Risk factors in malignant polyps to predict recurrence in T1 colorectal carcinoma (CRC) include depth of invasion, margin status, lymphovascular invasion, tumor differentiation and budding. However, the effect of other factors, such as tumor volume and tumor cellularity, are not well studied. We quantitatively, using image analysis, determined the strength and interdependence of the depth of invasion, margin status, tumor volume and tumor cell density on the probability of having residual adenocarcinoma on resection and long term patient outcomes. Methods/Case Report Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) specimens of polyps with T1 CRC were identified by retrospective search of the pathology database over a 14-year period (01/01/2008 to 05/05/2022). Depth of invasion, distance of tumor to margin, tumor volume (defined by the invasive area comprising the tumor cells and associated others cells) and cellularity (number of adenocarcinoma cells/area) were measured using Aperio eSlide Manager Leica Biosystems Imaging, Inc. The depth of invasion was measured from the muscularis mucosa. Available outcome data was collected from subsequent segmental resection and oncology consultations and imaging from the patient charts. Results (if a Case Study enter NA) 22 patients of malignant polyps with EMR were identified; 11 patients underwent subsequent resection with residual tumor in 4 and lymph node metastasis in 1. Follow-up period was from 3 to 12 yrs, with recurrence in none. The median tumor cellularity was 2712 cells/mm2 with SD 1421 cells/mm2 and was similar in residual versus non residual tumors with no correlation with LVI. Distance of tumor (um) from deep margin was measured in 20 cases and by Receiver Operator Characteristic analysis and calculation of the area under the curve (AUC) was a good test of residual tumor (AUC = 0.88) while depth of invasion was not a good test (AUC =0.5). Tumor volume and adenocarcinoma cells/area were not correlated; however, interestingly, tumor volume and depth of invasion were linearly correlated (p<0.001). Conclusion The distance of tumor to the margin is a better predictor for residual cancer than depth of invasion. The linear correlation of tumor volume and depth of invasion implies the same shape of invasion which is interestingly independent of tumor cellularity. This finding further strengthens the hypothesis that cancer associated cells in the tumor microenvironment are important in driving the biological behavior of malignant polyps.

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Heiss, Kirsten, Hui Nie, Sumit Kumar, Thomas M. Daly, Lawrence W. Bergman e Kai Matuschewski. "Functional Characterization of a Redundant Plasmodium TRAP Family Invasin, TRAP-Like Protein, by Aldolase Binding and a Genetic Complementation Test". Eukaryotic Cell 7, n. 6 (25 aprile 2008): 1062–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00089-08.

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ABSTRACT Efficient and specific host cell entry is of exquisite importance for intracellular pathogens. Parasites of the phylum Apicomplexa are highly motile and actively enter host cells. These functions are mediated by type I transmembrane invasins of the TRAP family that link an extracellular recognition event to the parasite actin-myosin motor machinery. We systematically tested potential parasite invasins for binding to the actin bridging molecule aldolase and complementation of the vital cytoplasmic domain of the sporozoite invasin TRAP. We show that the ookinete invasin CTRP and a novel, structurally related protein, termed TRAP-like protein (TLP), are functional members of the TRAP family. Although TLP is expressed in invasive stages, targeted gene disruption revealed a nonvital role during life cycle progression. This is the first genetic analysis of TLP, encoding a redundant TRAP family invasin, in the malaria parasite.

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Botella, Christophe, Pierre Bonnet, Cang Hui, Alexis Joly e David M. Richardson. "Dynamic Species Distribution Modeling Reveals the Pivotal Role of Human-Mediated Long-Distance Dispersal in Plant Invasion". Biology 11, n. 9 (30 agosto 2022): 1293. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11091293.

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Plant invasions generate massive ecological and economic costs worldwide. Predicting their spatial dynamics is crucial to the design of effective management strategies and the prevention of invasions. Earlier studies highlighted the crucial role of long-distance dispersal in explaining the speed of many invasions. In addition, invasion speed depends highly on the duration of its lag phase, which may depend on the scaling of fecundity with age, especially for woody plants, even though empirical proof is still rare. Bayesian dynamic species distribution models enable the fitting of process-based models to partial and heterogeneous observations using a state-space modeling approach, thus offering a tool to test such hypotheses on past invasions over large spatial scales. We use such a model to explore the roles of long-distance dispersal and age-structured fecundity in the transient invasion dynamics of Plectranthus barbatus, a woody plant invader in South Africa. Our lattice-based model accounts for both short and human-mediated long-distance dispersal, as well as age-structured fecundity. We fitted our model on opportunistic occurrences, accounting for the spatio-temporal variations of the sampling effort and the variable detection rates across datasets. The Bayesian framework enables us to integrate a priori knowledge on demographic parameters and control identifiability issues. The model revealed a massive wave of spatial spread driven by human-mediated long-distance dispersal during the first decade and a subsequent drastic population growth, leading to a global equilibrium in the mid-1990s. Without long-distance dispersal, the maximum population would have been equivalent to 30% of the current equilibrium population. We further identified the reproductive maturity at three years old, which contributed to the lag phase before the final wave of population growth. Our results highlighted the importance of the early eradication of weedy horticultural alien plants around urban areas to hamper and delay the invasive spread.

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Hegedüšová, Katarína, e Eduardo Cires. "Call for SI in Biologia Biological invasions in the 21st century: a global risk". IAVS Bulletin 2021, n. 3 (novembre 2021): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21570/bul-202103-8.

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Rivoire, Waldemar Augusto, Helena Von Eye Corleta, Ilma Simoni Brum e Edison Capp. "Biologia molecular do câncer cervical". Revista Brasileira de Saúde Materno Infantil 6, n. 4 (2006): 447–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-38292006000400012.

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A carcinogênese é um processo de múltiplas etapas. Alterações no equilíbrio citogenético ocorrem na transformação do epitélio normal a câncer cervical. Numerosos estudos apoiam a hipótese de que a infecção por HPV está associada com o desenvolvimento de alterações malignas e pré-malignas do trato genital inferior. Neste trabalho são apresentadas as bases para a compreensão da oncogênese cervical. O ciclo celular é controlado por proto-oncogenes e genes supressores. Quando ocorrem mutações, proto-oncogenes tornam-se oncogenes, que são carcinogênicos e causam multiplicação celular excessiva. A perda da ação de genes supressores funcionais pode levar a célula ao crescimento inadequado. O ciclo celular também pode ser alterado pela ação de vírus, entre eles o HPV (Human Papiloma Virus), de especial interesse na oncogênese cervical. Os tipos de HPV 16 e 18 são os de maior interesse, freqüentemente associados a câncer cervical e anal. O conhecimento das bases moleculares que estão envolvidas na oncogênese cervical tem sido possível devido a utilização de técnicas avançadas de biologia molecular. A associação destas técnicas aos métodos diagnósticos clássicos, poderão levar a uma melhor avaliação das neoplasias cervicais e auxiliar no desenvolvimento de novas terapias, talvez menos invasivas e mais efetivas.

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Lemarchand, M., M. Lefebvre, M. Kempf, S. Gibaud, B. Letourneau, J. Coutherut e F. Raffi. "Apport de la biologie moléculaire pour le diagnostic des infections invasives à méningocoques". Médecine et Maladies Infectieuses 48, n. 4 (giugno 2018): S121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.medmal.2018.04.304.

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Taguchi, CMC, JK Bernardon, G. Zimmermann e LN Baratieri. "Tooth Fragment Reattachment: A Case Report". Operative Dentistry 40, n. 3 (1 maggio 2015): 227–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/14-034-t.

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SUMMARY The aim of this article is to present a case report for the multidisciplinary treatment of anterior tooth fractures with invasion of the biologic width and pulpectomy. Successful esthetic and functional results were achieved by bonding the crown fragment, without any form of preparation or the utilization of intracanal posts.

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Leung, Brian, e Nicholas E. Mandrak. "The risk of establishment of aquatic invasive species: joining invasibility and propagule pressure". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 274, n. 1625 (21 agosto 2007): 2603–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2007.0841.

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Invasive species are increasingly becoming a policy priority. This has spurred researchers and managers to try to estimate the risk of invasion. Conceptually, invasions are dependent both on the receiving environment (invasibility) and on the ability to reach these new areas (propagule pressure). However, analyses of risk typically examine only one or the other. Here, we develop and apply a joint model of invasion risk that simultaneously incorporates invasibility and propagule pressure. We present arguments that the behaviour of these two elements of risk differs substantially—propagule pressure is a function of time, whereas invasibility is not—and therefore have different management implications. Further, we use the well-studied zebra mussel ( Dreissena polymorpha ) to contrast predictions made using the joint model to those made by separate invasibility and propagule pressure models. We show that predictions of invasion progress as well as of the long-term invasion pattern are strongly affected by using a joint model.

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Gorby, Gary L., Edward N. Robinson Jr., Lee R. Barley, Christopher M. Clemens e Zell A. McGee. "Microbial invasion: a covert activity?" Canadian Journal of Microbiology 34, n. 4 (1 aprile 1988): 507–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m88-087.

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In contrast to nonpathogenic microorganisms that exist happily in biofilms on various organic and inorganic surfaces, many pathogenic microbes have the additional ability to invade host tissues by inducing their own endocytosis and transport across normally protective barriers. This phenomenon, designated " parasite-directed endocytosis," has been observed with a variety of surfaces (intestinal, genital, nasopharyngeal, and tracheal epithelium) as well as in endothelial cells. The mechanisms involved in invasion may involve a single factor as described for some species of Yersinia, or may require multiple factors as observed in Shigellae. For the majority of pathogens, the molecular mechanisms of invasion are not well understood (e.g., Neisseria gonorrhoeae). Because parasite-directed endocytosis is reminiscent of receptor-mediated endocytosis, it is quite possible that some pathogens engage in biologic mimicry by producing a molecule that resembles a natural host ligand, for which there is a host cell receptor. Such a masquerade may allow some microbes to enter the host's inner sanctum covertly in a manner analogous to the Trojan horse, rather than overtly by destroying the mucosa and entering host tissues directly. Whereas this hypothesis is speculative at present, bacteria that produce molecules resembling insulin, calmodulin, and chorionic gonadotropin have been described.

28

Anisuzzaman, Md, Nazmul Hosain e Zulfiqar Rashid. "Renal Cell Carcinoma with Inferior Vena Cava Thrombus: A Case Report". Cardiovascular Journal 15, n. 1 (10 ottobre 2022): 111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cardio.v15i1.61921.

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The incidence of venous extension to the inferior vena cava (IVC) of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is markedly increased recently mostly due to the advances in diagnostic modalities. Such vascular invasion implies a heightened biologic behavior and a surgical challenge during the course of treatment. Here we discussed a case with study of the classification guidelines, recent diagnostic tools and up-to-date therapeutic modalities for RCC with IVC tumor thrombi. Also added to the discussion are the prognostic significance regarding the pathologic nature of vascular invasion, cephalad extent of thrombi and any associated distant metastasis. Cardiovasc j 2022; 15(1): 111-115

29

Hudson, Cameron M., Marta Vidal-García, Trevor G. Murray e Richard Shine. "The accelerating anuran: evolution of locomotor performance in cane toads ( Rhinella marina , Bufonidae) at an invasion front". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, n. 1938 (11 novembre 2020): 20201964. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.1964.

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As is common in biological invasions, the rate at which cane toads ( Rhinella marina ) have spread across tropical Australia has accelerated through time. Individuals at the invasion front travel further than range-core conspecifics and exhibit distinctive morphologies that may facilitate rapid dispersal. However, the links between these morphological changes and locomotor performance have not been clearly documented. We used raceway trials and high-speed videography to document locomotor traits (e.g. hop distances, heights, velocities, and angles of take-off and landing) of toads from range-core and invasion-front populations. Locomotor performance varied geographically, and this variation in performance was linked to morphological features that have evolved during the toads' Australian invasion. Geographical variation in morphology and locomotor ability was evident not only in wild-caught animals, but also in individuals that had been raised under standardized conditions in captivity. Our data thus support the hypothesis that the cane toad's invasion across Australia has generated rapid evolutionary shifts in dispersal-relevant performance traits, and that these differences in performance are linked to concurrent shifts in morphological traits.

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Mounger, Jeannie, Malika L. Ainouche, Oliver Bossdorf, Armand Cavé-Radet, Bo Li, Madalin Parepa, Armel Salmon, Ji Yang e Christina L. Richards. "Epigenetics and the success of invasive plants". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 376, n. 1826 (19 aprile 2021): 20200117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2020.0117.

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Biological invasions impose ecological and economic problems on a global scale, but also provide extraordinary opportunities for studying contemporary evolution. It is critical to understand the evolutionary processes that underly invasion success in order to successfully manage existing invaders, and to prevent future invasions. As successful invasive species sometimes are suspected to rapidly adjust to their new environments in spite of very low genetic diversity, we are obliged to re-evaluate genomic-level processes that translate into phenotypic diversity. In this paper, we review work that supports the idea that trait variation, within and among invasive populations, can be created through epigenetic or other non-genetic processes, particularly in clonal invaders where somatic changes can persist indefinitely. We consider several processes that have been implicated as adaptive in invasion success, focusing on various forms of ‘genomic shock’ resulting from exposure to environmental stress, hybridization and whole-genome duplication (polyploidy), and leading to various patterns of gene expression re-programming and epigenetic changes that contribute to phenotypic variation or even novelty. These mechanisms can contribute to transgressive phenotypes, including hybrid vigour and novel traits, and may thus help to understand the huge successes of some plant invaders, especially those that are genetically impoverished. This article is part of the theme issue ‘How does epigenetics influence the course of evolution?’

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Nelson, Amy R., Barbara Fingleton, Mace L. Rothenberg e Lynn M. Matrisian. "Matrix Metalloproteinases: Biologic Activity and Clinical Implications". Journal of Clinical Oncology 18, n. 5 (1 marzo 2000): 1135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2000.18.5.1135.

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ABSTRACT: Tumor progression is a complex, multistage process by which a normal cell undergoes genetic changes that result in phenotypic alterations and the acquisition of the ability to spread and colonize distant sites in the body. Although many factors regulate malignant tumor growth and spread, interactions between a tumor and its surrounding microenvironment result in the production of important protein products that are crucial to each step of tumor progression. The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of degradative enzymes with clear links to malignancy. These enzymes are associated with tumor cell invasion of the basement membrane and stroma, blood vessel penetration, and metastasis. They have more recently been implicated in primary and metastatic tumor growth and angiogenesis, and they may even have a role in tumor promotion. This review outlines our current understanding of the MMP family, including the association of particular MMPs with malignant phenotypes and the role of MMPs in specific steps of the metastatic cascade. As scientific understanding of the MMPs has advanced, therapeutic strategies that capitalize on blocking the enzymes have rapidly developed. The preclinical and clinical evolution of the synthetic MMP inhibitors (MMPIs) is also examined, with the discussion encompassing important methodologic issues associated with determining clinical efficacy of MMPIs and other novel therapeutic agents.

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Olazcuaga, Laure, Anne Loiseau, Hugues Parrinello, Mathilde Paris, Antoine Fraimout, Christelle Guedot, Lauren M. Diepenbrock et al. "A Whole-Genome Scan for Association with Invasion Success in the Fruit Fly Drosophila suzukii Using Contrasts of Allele Frequencies Corrected for Population Structure". Molecular Biology and Evolution 37, n. 8 (17 aprile 2020): 2369–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msaa098.

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Abstract Evidence is accumulating that evolutionary changes are not only common during biological invasions but may also contribute directly to invasion success. The genomic basis of such changes is still largely unexplored. Yet, understanding the genomic response to invasion may help to predict the conditions under which invasiveness can be enhanced or suppressed. Here, we characterized the genome response of the spotted wing drosophila Drosophila suzukii during the worldwide invasion of this pest insect species, by conducting a genome-wide association study to identify genes involved in adaptive processes during invasion. Genomic data from 22 population samples were analyzed to detect genetic variants associated with the status (invasive versus native) of the sampled populations based on a newly developed statistic, we called C2, that contrasts allele frequencies corrected for population structure. We evaluated this new statistical framework using simulated data sets and implemented it in an upgraded version of the program BayPass. We identified a relatively small set of single-nucleotide polymorphisms that show a highly significant association with the invasive status of D. suzukii populations. In particular, two genes, RhoGEF64C and cpo, contained single-nucleotide polymorphisms significantly associated with the invasive status in the two separate main invasion routes of D. suzukii. Our methodological approaches can be applied to any other invasive species, and more generally to any evolutionary model for species characterized by nonequilibrium demographic conditions for which binary covariables of interest can be defined at the population level.

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Biswas, Tithi, Charulata Jindal, Timothy L. Fitzgerald e Jimmy T. Efird. "Pathologic Complete Response (pCR) and Survival of Women with Inflammatory Breast Cancer (IBC): An Analysis Based on Biologic Subtypes and Demographic Characteristics". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, n. 1 (4 gennaio 2019): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16010124.

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In this US-based study of the National Cancer Database (NCDB), we examined 8550 patients diagnosed with non-metastatic, invasive inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) who received surgery from 2004–2013. Patients were grouped into four biologic subtypes (HR+/HER2−, HR+/HER2+, HR−/HER2+, HR−/HER2−). On average, women were 56 years of age at diagnosis and were followed for a median of 3.7 years. The majority were white (80%), had private health insurance (50%), and presented with poorly differentiated tumors (57%). Approximately 46% of the cancers were >5 cm. Most patients underwent mastectomy (94%) and received radiotherapy (71%). Differences by biologic subtypes were observed for grade, lymph node invasion, race, and tumor size (p < 0.0001). Patients experiencing pathologic complete response (pCR, 12%) vs. non-pCR had superior 5-year overall survival (OS) (77% vs. 54%) (p < 0.0001). Survival was poor for triple-negative (TN) tumors (37%) vs. other biologic subtypes (60%) (p < 0.0001). On multivariable analysis, TN-IBC, positive margins, and not receiving either chemotherapy, hormonal therapy or radiotherapy were independently associated with poor 5-year survival (p < 0.0001). In this analysis of IBC, categorized by biologic subtypes, we observed significant differential tumor, patient and treatment characteristics, and OS.

34

Liu, Ren, Ming Gong, Xiuqing Li, Yue Zhou, Wenming Gao, Anil Tulpule, Preet M. Chaudhary, Jae Jung e Parkash S. Gill. "Induction, regulation, and biologic function of Axl receptor tyrosine kinase in Kaposi sarcoma". Blood 116, n. 2 (15 luglio 2010): 297–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2009-12-257154.

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AbstractAxl is an oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinase that plays multiple roles in tumorigenesis and metastasis of many cancers. This study is the first to demonstrate that Axl is induced in Kaposi sarcoma and Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV) transformed endothelial cells. Conditionally, expression of one KSHV latency protein vFLIP induces Axl expression in endothelial cells. This induction can be blocked by nuclear factor-κB inhibitor, consistent with the known vFLIP mechanism of action. KS cell lines lacking KSHV also have elevated Axl expression, which probably resulted from hypomethylation of AXL promoter. Axl activation activates downstream phosphoinositol-3 kinase signaling, and Axl knockdown by siRNA impairs phosphoinositol-3 kinase signaling. Furthermore, Axl knockdown inhibits KS cell growth and invasion. To explore the potential for translation of these findings, we generated monoclonal antibodies to block the biologic functions of Axl. MAb173, which induces receptor degradation, showed activity in vitro to inhibit KS cell invasion. Moreover, in vivo xenograft studies with KS cells with or without KSHV infection showed that MAb173 reduced tumor growth, increased tumor cell apoptosis, and markedly decreased Axl protein level in tumors. Axl thus has a potential role in KS pathogenesis and is a candidate for prognostic and therapeutic investigations.

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Spring, Kathleen, Catherine Chabot, Simon Langlois, Line Lapointe, Nguyen Thu Ngan Trinh, Christine Caron, Jagoda K. Hebda, Julie Gavard, Mounib Elchebly e Isabelle Royal. "Tyrosine phosphorylation of DEP-1/CD148 as a mechanism controlling Src kinase activation, endothelial cell permeability, invasion, and capillary formation". Blood 120, n. 13 (27 settembre 2012): 2745–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2011-12-398040.

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Abstract DEP-1/CD148 is a receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatase with antiproliferative and tumor-suppressive functions. Interestingly, it also positively regulates Src family kinases in hematopoietic and endothelial cells, where we showed it promotes VE-cadherin–associated Src activation and endothelial cell survival upon VEGF stimulation. However, the molecular mechanism involved and its biologic functions in endothelial cells remain ill-defined. We demonstrate here that DEP-1 is phosphorylated in a Src- and Fyn-dependent manner on Y1311 and Y1320, which bind the Src SH2 domain. This allows DEP-1–catalyzed dephosphorylation of Src inhibitory Y529 and favors the VEGF-induced phosphorylation of Src substrates VE-cadherin and Cortactin. Accordingly, RNA interference (RNAi)–mediated knockdown of DEP-1 or expression of DEP-1 Y1311F/Y1320F impairs Src-dependent biologic responses mediated by VEGF including permeability, invasion, and branching capillary formation. In addition, our work further reveals that above a threshold expression level, DEP-1 can also dephosphorylate Src Y418 and attenuate downstream signaling and biologic responses, consistent with the quiescent behavior of confluent endothelial cells that express the highest levels of endogenous DEP-1. Collectively, our findings identify the VEGF-dependent phosphorylation of DEP-1 as a novel mechanism controlling Src activation, and show this is essential for the proper regulation of permeability and the promotion of the angiogenic response.

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Miller, Corrie B., e Tricia Wright. "Investigating Mechanisms of Stillbirth in the Setting of Prenatal Substance Use". Academic Forensic Pathology 8, n. 4 (dicembre 2018): 865–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1925362118821471.

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Introduction: Intrauterine fetal demise affects between 0.4-0.8% of pregnancies worldwide. This significant adverse pregnancy outcome continues to be poorly understood. In utero exposure to substances increases the risk of stillbirth to varying degrees according to the type of substance and degree of exposure. The aim of this qualitative narrative review is to investigate common biologic relationships between stillbirth and maternal substance use. Methods: A PubMed literature search was conducted to query the most commonly used substances and biologic mechanisms of stillbirth. Search terms included “stillbirth,” “intrauterine fetal demise,” “placenta,” “cocaine,” “tobacco,” “alcohol,” “methamphetamines,” “opioids/ opiates,” and “cannabis.” Results: There are very few studies identifying a direct link between substance use and stillbirth. Several studies demonstrate associations with placental lesions of insufficiency including poor invasion, vasoconstriction, and sequestration of toxic substances that inhibit nutrient transport. Restricted fetal growth is the most common finding in pregnancies complicated by all types of substance use. Discussion: More research is needed to understand the biologic mechanisms of stillbirth. Such knowledge will be foundational to understanding how to prevent and treat the adverse effects of substances during pregnancy.

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Kwiecien, Jacek M., Liqiang Zhang, Jordan R. Yaron, Lauren N. Schutz, Christian J. Kwiecien-Delaney, Enkidia A. Awo, Michelle Burgin, Wojciech Dabrowski e Alexandra R. Lucas. "Local Serpin Treatment via Chitosan-Collagen Hydrogel after Spinal Cord Injury Reduces Tissue Damage and Improves Neurologic Function". Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, n. 4 (23 aprile 2020): 1221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9041221.

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Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in massive secondary damage characterized by a prolonged inflammation with phagocytic macrophage invasion and tissue destruction. In prior work, sustained subdural infusion of anti-inflammatory compounds reduced neurological deficits and reduced pro-inflammatory cell invasion at the site of injury leading to improved outcomes. We hypothesized that implantation of a hydrogel loaded with an immune modulating biologic drug, Serp-1, for sustained delivery after crush-induced SCI would have an effective anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effect. Rats with dorsal column SCI crush injury, implanted with physical chitosan-collagen hydrogels (CCH) had severe granulomatous infiltration at the site of the dorsal column injury, which accumulated excess edema at 28 days post-surgery. More pronounced neuroprotective changes were observed with high dose (100 µg/50 µL) Serp-1 CCH implanted rats, but not with low dose (10 µg/50 µL) Serp-1 CCH. Rats treated with Serp-1 CCH implants also had improved motor function up to 20 days with recovery of neurological deficits attributed to inhibition of inflammation-associated tissue damage. In contrast, prolonged low dose Serp-1 infusion with chitosan did not improve recovery. Intralesional implantation of hydrogel for sustained delivery of the Serp-1 immune modulating biologic offers a neuroprotective treatment of acute SCI.

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Osek, Jacek, e Kinga Wieczorek. "Listeria monocytogenes—How This Pathogen Uses Its Virulence Mechanisms to Infect the Hosts". Pathogens 11, n. 12 (7 dicembre 2022): 1491. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11121491.

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Listeriosis is a serious food-borne illness, especially in susceptible populations, including children, pregnant women, and elderlies. The disease can occur in two forms: non-invasive febrile gastroenteritis and severe invasive listeriosis with septicemia, meningoencephalitis, perinatal infections, and abortion. Expression of each symptom depends on various bacterial virulence factors, immunological status of the infected person, and the number of ingested bacteria. Internalins, mainly InlA and InlB, invasins (invasin A, LAP), and other surface adhesion proteins (InlP1, InlP4) are responsible for epithelial cell binding, whereas internalin C (InlC) and actin assembly-inducing protein (ActA) are involved in cell-to-cell bacterial spread. L. monocytogenes is able to disseminate through the blood and invade diverse host organs. In persons with impaired immunity, the elderly, and pregnant women, the pathogen can also cross the blood–brain and placental barriers, which results in the invasion of the central nervous system and fetus infection, respectively. The aim of this comprehensive review is to summarize the current knowledge on the epidemiology of listeriosis and L. monocytogenes virulence mechanisms that are involved in host infection, with a special focus on their molecular and cellular aspects. We believe that all this information is crucial for a better understanding of the pathogenesis of L. monocytogenes infection.

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Kaya, Oskay, Engin Olcucuoglu, Gaye Seker e Hakan Kulacoglu. "Instant Abdominal Wall Reconstruction with Biologic Mesh following Resection of Locally Advanced Colonic Cancer". Case Reports in Medicine 2012 (2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/959342.

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We present a case of immediate abdominal wall reconstruction with biologic mesh following the resection of locally advanced colonic cancer. The tumor in the right colon did not respond to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Surgical enbloc excision, including excision of the invasion in the abdominal wall, was achieved, and the defect was reconstructed with porcine dermal collagen mesh. The patient was discharged with no complication, and adaptation of the mesh was excellent at the six-month followup.

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Nouh, Mohammed Ahmed Abdel-Muneem, Masashi Inui e Yoshiyuki Kakehi. "Renal Cell Carcinoma with IVC Thrombi; Current Concepts and Future Perspectives". Clinical medicine. Oncology 2 (gennaio 2008): CMO.S464. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/cmo.s464.

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Abstract (sommario):

The incidence of venous extension to the inferior vena cava (IVC) in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is markedly increased recently mostly due to the advances in diagnostic modalities. Such vascular invasion implies a heightened biologic behavior and a surgical challenge during the course of treatment. In this study, we reviewed the classification guidelines, recent diagnostic tools and up-to-date therapeutic modalities for RCC with IVC tumor thrombi added to the prognostic significance regarding the pathologic nature of vascular invasion; cephalad extent of thrombi and any associated distant metastasis. Also, we are providing our suggestion regarding the use of angioscopy for removal of IVC thrombi in a relatively bloodless field without aggressive surgical manipulations or shunt techniques for maintenance of hemodynamic stability.

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Xu, Junwei, Ning Qin, Wenbo Jiang e Tao Chen. "Erianin Regulates PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway and Inhibits Cell Invasion and Migration in Gastric Cancer In Vitro". Current Topics in Nutraceutical Research 20, n. 3 (14 gennaio 2022): 492–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.37290/ctnr2641-452x.20:492-497.

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Gastric carcinoma is one of the most malignant cancers associated with lifestyle and genetics. The currently used pharmacotherapeutics are associated with serious side effects necessitating a need for safer drugs. Erianin is a natural plant bioactive substance known for its anti-cancerous and a variety of other biologic activities. Using a variety of measures such as colony formation, invasion and migration assay, and flow cytometry and apoptosis, we have examined the effect of erianin on human gastric adenocarcinoma cells representing gastric carcinoma. The results show that erianin ensured (i) inhibition of proliferation, invasion, and migration capabilities, (ii) induction of apoptosis, and (iii) inhibition of the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Protein kinase B signaling pathway. In conclusion, these results show a potential for erianin in the management of gastric carcinoma.

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Xu, Junwei, Ning Qin, Wenbo Jiang e Tao Chen. "Erianin Regulates PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway and Inhibits Cell Invasion and Migration in Gastric Cancer In Vitro". Current Topics in Nutraceutical Research 20, n. 3 (14 gennaio 2022): 492–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.37290/ctnr2641-452x.20:492-497.

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Abstract (sommario):

Gastric carcinoma is one of the most malignant cancers associated with lifestyle and genetics. The currently used pharmacotherapeutics are associated with serious side effects necessitating a need for safer drugs. Erianin is a natural plant bioactive substance known for its anti-cancerous and a variety of other biologic activities. Using a variety of measures such as colony formation, invasion and migration assay, and flow cytometry and apoptosis, we have examined the effect of erianin on human gastric adenocarcinoma cells representing gastric carcinoma. The results show that erianin ensured (i) inhibition of proliferation, invasion, and migration capabilities, (ii) induction of apoptosis, and (iii) inhibition of the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Protein kinase B signaling pathway. In conclusion, these results show a potential for erianin in the management of gastric carcinoma.

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Almberg, Emily S., Paul C. Cross, Andrew P. Dobson, Douglas W. Smith e Peter J. Hudson. "Parasite invasion following host reintroduction: a case study of Yellowstone's wolves". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 367, n. 1604 (19 ottobre 2012): 2840–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2011.0369.

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Wildlife reintroductions select or treat individuals for good health with the expectation that these individuals will fare better than infected animals. However, these individuals, new to their environment, may also be particularly susceptible to circulating infections and this may result in high morbidity and mortality, potentially jeopardizing the goals of recovery. Here, using the reintroduction of the grey wolf ( Canis lupus ) into Yellowstone National Park as a case study, we address the question of how parasites invade a reintroduced population and consider the impact of these invasions on population performance. We find that several viral parasites rapidly invaded the population inside the park, likely via spillover from resident canid species, and we contrast these with the slower invasion of sarcoptic mange, caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei . The spatio-temporal patterns of mange invasion were largely consistent with patterns of host connectivity and density, and we demonstrate that the area of highest resource quality, supporting the greatest density of wolves, is also the region that appears most susceptible to repeated disease invasion and parasite-induced declines. The success of wolf reintroduction appears not to have been jeopardized by infectious disease, but now shows signs of regulation or limitation modulated by parasites.

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Zhang, Xiaojuan, Guoyan Wang, Peihao Peng, Yongxiu Zhou, Zhuo Chen, Yu Feng, Yanru Wang, Songlin Shi e Jingji Li. "Influences of environment, human activity, and climate on the invasion of Ageratina adenophora (Spreng.) in Southwest China". PeerJ 11 (9 marzo 2023): e14902. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14902.

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With economic and social globalization, invasive alien species have significantly threatened local ecological security. Identifying the invasive mechanisms of invasive alien species can aid in preventing species invasions and protecting local ecological and economic security. As a globally invasive plant, Ageratina adenophora (Asteraceae) has spread to many parts of the world and had a seriously impacted the ecology and economy of its invaded areas. Using observational data and Landsat OLI images in an arid valley region in southwest China, this study examined how climate, human activity and environmental factors influence the invasion of A. adenophora and its underlying mechanism. Our results showed that the invasion abundance of A. adenophora was significantly affected by environmental factors (the relative importance was 87.2%), but was less influenced by human activity and climate factors (the relative importance was 2% and 10.8%, respectively). The A. adenophora abundance significantly decreased with aspect, community canopy density, shrub layer coverage, herb layer coverage, Simpson diversity index of shrub and herb layers, the shortest distance to residential areas and temperature seasonality, whereas it increased with soil moisture, temperature annual range, precipitation of wettest month and precipitation of driest month. We conclude that biotic competition is the most influential factor in the invasion of this plant in the arid valley regions. Our results are of great significance for invasion prevention and forest conservation and management in southwest China. Our work emphasized that optimizing the community structure, such as by increasing canopy and shrub coverage and species biodiversity, may help control and mitigate the A. adenophora invasion in southwest China.

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Medina Villaamil, Vanessa, Guadalupe Aparicio Gallego, Francisco Gomez Veiga, Manuel Valladares Ayerbes, Maria Quindós Varela, Natalia Fernandez Nunez, Aurea Molina Diaz, Isabel Santamarina Cainzos e Luis Miguel Anton Aparicio. "Using biologic knowledge to discover molecular correlations between human renal cell carcinoma pathways." Journal of Clinical Oncology 32, n. 4_suppl (1 febbraio 2014): 451. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2014.32.4_suppl.451.

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451 Background: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is known to be resistant to chemotherapy. There is need for the identification of biomarkers capable to determine RCC prognosis factors and metastatic potential obtainable from non-invasive or minimally invasive techniques. Our aim was to derive predictive models which could predict more accurately than any one factor alone. Methods: To studythe cascade of events leading to the formation and progression of RCC, we assessed 29 markers by immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR using tissue micro-array (TMA). Results: Multivariate logistic regression showed the best proteins combination for node status (NOTCH1 and GLUT5) and pelvis invasion (EGFR and DLL3). ROC curve analyses were made to analyse the accuracy of the best candidate proteins; it should be noted NOTCH1 and GLUT5 for node status prediction (AUC=0.833, 95% CI, 0.744-0.922; p<0.001) and EGFR and DLL3 for pelvis invasion (AUC=0.777, 95% CI, 0.631-0.922; p=0.007). Furthermore, we carried out the correlation between these candidate proteins and all mRNA measured in order to deepen in the cellular transcripts traffic associated with them. To highlight the correlation between high DLL3 protein levels and low Hif1-β expression, and the negative correlation between GLUT5 protein and low levels of Baxβ. Conclusions: In the age of individual therapy, the approach to percutaneous image-guided RCC biopsy procedures plays an expanded role. Applying a 2 mm punch needle for constructing a TMA we could describe for the first time how are combined and correlated 29 markers in regression equations to predict in the most optimal way a number of pathological variables associated with RCC. [Table: see text]

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Metzcar, John, Yafei Wang, Randy Heiland e Paul Macklin. "A Review of Cell-Based Computational Modeling in Cancer Biology". JCO Clinical Cancer Informatics, n. 3 (dicembre 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/cci.18.00069.

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Cancer biology involves complex, dynamic interactions between cancer cells and their tissue microenvironments. Single-cell effects are critical drivers of clinical progression. Chemical and mechanical communication between tumor and stromal cells can co-opt normal physiologic processes to promote growth and invasion. Cancer cell heterogeneity increases cancer’s ability to test strategies to adapt to microenvironmental stresses. Hypoxia and treatment can select for cancer stem cells and drive invasion and resistance. Cell-based computational models (also known as discrete models, agent-based models, or individual-based models) simulate individual cells as they interact in virtual tissues, which allows us to explore how single-cell behaviors lead to the dynamics we observe and work to control in cancer systems. In this review, we introduce the broad range of techniques available for cell-based computational modeling. The approaches can range from highly detailed models of just a few cells and their morphologies to millions of simpler cells in three-dimensional tissues. Modeling individual cells allows us to directly translate biologic observations into simulation rules. In many cases, individual cell agents include molecular-scale models. Most models also simulate the transport of oxygen, drugs, and growth factors, which allow us to link cancer development to microenvironmental conditions. We illustrate these methods with examples drawn from cancer hypoxia, angiogenesis, invasion, stem cells, and immunosurveillance. An ecosystem of interoperable cell-based simulation tools is emerging at a time when cloud computing resources make software easier to access and supercomputing resources make large-scale simulation studies possible. As the field develops, we anticipate that high-throughput simulation studies will allow us to rapidly explore the space of biologic possibilities, prescreen new therapeutic strategies, and even re-engineer tumor and stromal cells to bring cancer systems under control.

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Clark, Gregory W., e Elisabeth R. M. Tillier. "Loss and gain of GroEL in the MollicutesThis paper is one of a selection of papers published in this special issue entitled “Canadian Society of Biochemistry, Molecular & Cellular Biology 52nd Annual Meeting — Protein Folding: Principles and Diseases” and has undergone the Journal's usual peer review process." Biochemistry and Cell Biology 88, n. 2 (aprile 2010): 185–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o09-157.

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GroEL is a chaperone thought of as essential for bacterial life. However, some species of Mollicutes are missing GroEL. We use phylogenetic analysis to show that the presence of GroEL is polyphyletic among the Mollicutes, and that there is evidence for lateral gene transfer of GroEL to Mycoplasma penetrans from the Proteobacteria. Furthermore, we propose that the presence of GroEL in Mycoplasma may be required for invasion of host tissue, suggesting that GroEL may act as an adhesin–invasin.

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Fang, Y., J. Wu e L. Zhu. "72P Biologic behavior and long-term outcomes of ductal carcinoma in situ with micro-invasion". Annals of Oncology 26 (dicembre 2015): ix16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdv519.21.

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Hodgson, Anjelica, Yutaka Amemiya, Arun Seth, Matthew Cesari, Bojana Djordjevic e Carlos Parra-Herran. "Genomic abnormalities in invasive endocervical adenocarcinoma correlate with pattern of invasion: biologic and clinical implications". Modern Pathology 30, n. 11 (21 luglio 2017): 1633–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/modpathol.2017.80.

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Altorki, Nasser, Gary K. Schwartz, Maude Blundell, Brigid M. Davis, David P. Kelsen e Anthony P. Albino. "Characterization of cell lines established from human gastric-esophageal adenocarcinomas: Biologic phenotype and invasion potential". Cancer 72, n. 3 (1 agosto 1993): 649–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(19930801)72:3<649::aid-cncr2820720305>3.0.co;2-l.

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