Tesi sul tema "Biologie de l'ARN"
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Ducharme, Johannie. "Compréhension de la voie de l'interférence à l'ARN". Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28092/28092.pdf.
Testo completoBédard, Mikael. "Caractérisation du domaine de liaison à l'ARN de p54nrb". Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28423/28423.pdf.
Testo completoD'Orchymont, Arnaud. "Etudes structurales de l'ARN messager de l'histone H4". Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01037935.
Testo completoBentaya, Souhila. "Etude de la fonction de la protéine de liaison à l'ARN XSEB4R dans la formation de l'ectoderme chez le xénope". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209490.
Testo completoDes travaux récents du laboratoire ont montré que le gène XSeb4R, codant pour une protéine de liaison à l'ARN à motif RRM, présente maternellement de manière ubiquitaire dans la blastula, interagit directement avec la région 3'UTR de l'ARNm VegT, stabilisant et stimulant sa traduction. La déplétion de XSEB4R inhibe la formation de l'endoderme et du mésoderme et sa surproduction produit l’effet inverse. Ces observations ont montré que XSeb4R joue un rôle essentiel via VegT dans la formation de l'endoderme et du mésoderme.
Dans cette étude, nous avons testé l’hypothèse selon laquelle XSeb4R jouerait également un rôle au pôle animal dans la spécification de l’ectoderme. Nos résultats montrent que la protéine XSEB4R lie les régions 3’UTR des transcrits Sox3, Zic2a et Zic2b. Nous avons observé que la surexpression de XSeb4R stabilise les transcrits maternels Sox3 et Zic2 a et b, et qu’elle active la traduction des transcrits Zic2b mais pas celle de Sox3 ou Zic2a. Enfin, nous avons montré que la perte de fonction de XSeb4R induit une expansion du mésoderme vers l’ectoderme dans l’embryon au stade blastula. Ces résultats démontrent que XSeb4R joue un rôle important dans la spécification de l’ectoderme chez l’embryon de xénope.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Piquet, Sandra. "Détermination des rôles joués par les protéines d'interférence par l'ARN dans la division méiotique chez S. pombe". Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26412/26412.pdf.
Testo completoLesniewska, Eric. "Mise au point de deux microscopes à effet tunnel électronique, l'un dans l'air et l'autre dans l'ultravide destinés à la caractérisation de substrats pour matériaux biologiques, application à l'etude de l'ADN en ultravide et de l'ARN en solution". Dijon, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991DIJOS039.
Testo completoVan, Herreweghe-Argentieri Elodie. "Régulation de l'élongation de la transcription par les ribonucléoparticules contenant l'ARN 7SK". Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/297/.
Testo completoIn eukaryotic cells, messenger RNA synthesis by RNA polymerase II requires activity of the positive transcription elongation factor P-TEFb. This factor, composed of cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (cdk9) and cyclin T1, allows transcription elongation of cellular messenger RNA by RNA polymerase II phosphorylation. In HeLa cells, 50% of P-TEFb is included into a ribonucleoprotein complex in addition to the small nuclear 7SK RNA and the HEXIM protein. When P-TEFb is involved in this complex, its kinase activity is abolished. Therefore , the interaction between P-TEFb, 7SK and HEXIM is a major control mechanism of P-TEFb activity. Until now, P-TEFb and HEXIM were the only identified partner of 7SK RNA. Our experiments allowed us to identify new proteins in vitro associated with 7SK. In addition, the in vivo binding of hnRNP A1, hnRNP A2/B1, hnRNP R/Q and RHA to 7SK has also been confirmed. These proteins are part of a complex different of the HEXIM/P-TEFb particule. 7SK is indeed found in several distinct ribonucleoparticules. These particles reside in a dynamic equilibrium and can be exchanged, for example under cellular stress, in favour of a release of free P-TEFb. So, hnRNP proteins binding to 7SK is an essential factor for P-TEFb release under stress and plays an active role in P-TEFb activity regulation. These data enable us to provide new clues in the understanding of the regulation of P-TEFb, which is a major actor in global control of cell growth and differentiation
Tang, Jian-Rong. "Contribution de la recherche de l'ARN du virus de l'hépatite delta (VHD) à l'étude de la biologie de l'infection par ce virus". Compiègne, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993COMPD580.
Testo completoTavenet, Arounie. "Caracterisation de la regulation de la transcription par l'arn polymerase iii chez saccharomyces cerevisiae". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00643755.
Testo completoNoiret, Maud. "Étude des protéines de liaison à l'ARN des familles PTB et ARE-BP au cours du développement chez le xénope". Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00786151.
Testo completoDeforges, Jules. "Etude des mécanismes moléculaires de l'initiation de la traduction de l'ARN génomique du VIH-1". Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05P602.
Testo completoPrimate lentiviruses genomic RNA can serve both as an mRNA that encodes for Gag and Gag-Pol polyproteins and as a propagated genome. We previously reported the presence of an IRES activity embedded within Gag coding region itself that drives the production of several isoforms of the Gag polyprotein and that is conserved in HIV-1, HIV-2 and SIVmac. In addition, in vitro reconstitution experiments revealed that the initial step of initiation complex formation is the recruitment of the 40S ribosomal subunit and eIF3. The structural and functional conservation amongst lentiviruses indicates that those properties are important for the virus cycle. In order to define the RNA structural determinants responsible for the formation of IRES/eIF3/40S ternary complex, we have been following functional and biochemical approaches in parallel. Our results indicate that 2 distinct binding sites for the ribosome are present close to the 2 AUG codons used as initiation site for the translation. Further biochemical analyses have shown that 2 ribosomes can be recruited by the same RNA molecule. In order to determine the functional role of the IRES activity on gag translation, we assayed in vitro the translation efficiency of mutants unable to recruit the ribosome. In parallel, we have been following a drug screening strategy to identify small molecules that would inhibit the ribosome recruitment. This approach could pave the way to the definition of the IRESgag as a new therapeutic target, and to the identification of new drugs
Lenaers, Guy. "Structure et évolution de l'ARN ribosomique 24-26S des Protistes : application à la phylogénie des Dinoflagellés (Pyrrhophytes)". Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20076.
Testo completoFerlotte-Picard, Guillaume. "La modulation de l'expression du gène PARG par l'interférence à l'ARN sensibilise les cellules de gliomes humains aux rayons ionisant". Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27661/27661.pdf.
Testo completoBischler, Nicolas. "Etude structure-fonction des sous-unités spécifiques de l'ARN polymérase I de S. Cerevisiae par microscopie électronique et analyse d'images". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STR13169.
Testo completoNoiret, Maud. "Étude des protéines de liaison à l'ARN des familles PTB et ARE-BP au cours du développement chez le xénope". Phd thesis, Rennes 1, 2012. https://ecm.univ-rennes1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/a420494c-0828-469e-bd2f-60a70118ef9f.
Testo completoMy work has focused on the function of RNA binding-proteins during early development in Xenopus. I first documented the expression pattern of members of the AU-rich element binding protein (ARE-BP) and of the polypyrimidin tract binding protein (PTB) families during development. Study of the expression patterns of five members of the ARE-BP family (AUF1, KSRP, HuR, TIA1 and TTP) has underlined the broad role and the redundancy of expression of four of these proteins. Conversely, the highly specific expression pattern of TTP in macrophages suggests a potential function for this ARE-BP in hematopoietic development. My study of the PTB family (PTBP1, PTBP2 and PTBP3), has showed that each paralog presents a unique pattern of expression emphasizing their diverse functions during development. From previous work in the lab we knew that morpholino mediated knockdown of both PTBP1 and EXOSC9, a component of the RNA exosome, generated similar defects in the dorsal fin morphology. To identify the molecular origin of these defects we realized the transcriptome analysis by high throughput sequencing (RNA-Seq) of both morphants embryos. I produced cDNA libraries of control and morphant embryos and the sequencing was performed at the Genoscope. Analysis of a known PTBP1 target showed that even modest modifications of alternative splicing could be detected in our data sets. In addition, because these defects are not found in the EXOSC9 morphants it validated its use as an additional screen to exclude splicing events not involved in the epidermal defects. Identification of RNA whose deregulation may be involved in the fin phenotype is currently under study for a set of candidate genes
Samsonova, Anastasiia. "Structural and functional insights into YB-1 and Lin28 interplay in mRNA regulation". Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASL037.
Testo completoThe mRNA regulation in human cells is one of the key mechanisms allowing the cells to adapt to a new environment and to respond to incoming signals. In terms of protein synthesis, the regulation of mRNA translation is a preferable process for cells compared to a more rigid mechanism of transcription or degradation. The RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play a key role in the mRNA translation regulation.In the present work, we made an effort to demonstrate that a human RBP containing a cold shock domain, Lin28a, can act in cooperation with another cold shock protein YB-1, a core protein of mRNPs. The interplay between two cold shock proteins is based on their high structure similarity, that potentially gives Lin28 an opportunity to regulate the mRNA target translation in a general way using YB 1 as an “entry badge” to the mRNP.To demonstrate the interplay between Lin28 and YB 1, several methods of structural and cellular biology were used in the present study. The oligomerization of Lin28-CSD and YB-1-CSD upon RNA binding was shown in vitro, and the amino acid residues responsible for that were highlighted by NMR spectroscopy. Then, the colocalization of Lin28 and YB-1 was demonstrated in cell cytoplasm. Also, the protein interplay was shown to have functional consequences, e.g. for cell proliferation and differentiation
Chenuil, Anne. "Etude des relations de parenté entre les principaux groupes d'invertébrés protostomiens par amplification, séquençage et comparaison de portions ddu gène de l'ARN 28S". Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20021.
Testo completoQu, Liang Hu. "Structuration et evolution de l'arn ribosomique 28s chez les eucaryotes : etude systematique de la region 5' terminale". Toulouse 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986TOU30143.
Testo completoBouasker, Samir. "Participation de l'activité endonucléasique des protéines argonautes ALG-1 et ALG-2 dans la maturation des miARN chez C. Elegans". Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29019/29019.pdf.
Testo completoLageix, Sébastien. "Impact d'un stress viral sur la transcription des SINE d'Arabidopsis thaliana et influence de l'ARN SINE sur la kinase GCN2". Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00731032.
Testo completoKowalinski, Eva. "Études structurales des interactions virus-hôte à travers deux exemples : le récepteur du système immunitaire inne RIG-I et le domaine endonucléase de l'ARN polymérase du virus de la grippe". Phd thesis, Grenoble, 2010. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00752678.
Testo completoThe first line of defense against invading pathogens in the human body is the innate immune system. Astonishingly, with only a handful of different pathogen recognition receptors (around 50), the innate immune system is able to detect a remarkably broad variety of pathogen specific molecules to trigger protective pathways and to activate the adaptive immune system. In the case of intruding viruses, two families of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are active: retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs) and Toll-like receptors (TLRs). The family of RIG-I like receptors includes the proteins RIG-I, MDA5 and LGP2, which recognize viral RNA in the cytosol. In the first part of this thesis, aspects of the RIG-I pathway are discussed: With which RNA does RIG-I interact and how? Does the oligomeric state of RIG-I change upon RNA binding in or- der to trigger signaling? How is RIG-I regulated by ubiquitin and its E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM25? The structure of the PRYSPRY domain of TRIM25, its putative RIG-I binding domain, will be presented. Furthermore, preliminary work on the second receptor MDA5 in complex with parainfluenza virus V, which inhibits the MDA5 pathway, protein will be shown. One of the activators of the receptor RIG-I is the RNA of influenza virus. Influenza viruses belong to the family of Orthomyxoviridae that affect birds and mammals and spread in seasonal epidemics. In pandemic years, this can result in up to millions of deaths worldwide, underlining the need for research on efficient novel anti-viral drugs. In the second part of the thesis (appended as an article manuscript), the A/California/04/2009- H1N1 "swine flu" influenza RNA polymerase will be investigated as a novel antiviral drug target. Crystal structures of the endonuclease domain (PA-Nter) of the polymerase with four different inhibitors are presented. Moreover, the atomic structures of H1N1 PA-Nter with rUMP and dTMP, elements of the nucleic acid substrate, in the active site are discussed. These high-resolution structures will serve as a basis for structure-based inhibitor optimization
Ropers, Delphine. "Etude expérimentale du rôle des protéines SR dans la régulation de l'épissage de l'ARN du virus HIV-1, responsable de l'immunodéficience humaine, et modélisation mathématique de ces régulations". Nancy 1, 2003. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2003_0177_ROPERS.pdf.
Testo completoSplicing is a key step for virus HIV-1 multiplication. Four donor and eight acceptor splicing sites are used in combinaison to produce about 40 mRNAs. We showed that the acceptor sites A1 to A5 are differentially regulated by the SR proteins ASF/SF2, SC35, 9G8 and SRp40 (regulator of cellular splicing). Our deep study of the regulation at site A3 shows the presence of a splicing activatory element, ESEt, that binds both the SC35 and ASF/SF2 proteins. We also showed that protein SC35 binds the ESS2 inhibitory element, and compete protein hnRNP A1 for binding to this site. We showed that regulation of site A3 by the SR proteins is conserved in SIVcpz virus and HIV-1. Based on our experimental results, mathematical models simulating splicing regulations at site A3 and competition of the A3-A7 sites, respectively, were established by the team of A. Bockmayr (LORIA, Nancy)
Grégoire, Anne. "Le petit ARN nucléolaire U3 de la levure Saccharomyces cerevisiae, structure et maturation du précurseur, structure de l'ARN mature libre et au sein de la particule ribon". Nancy 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NAN10303.
Testo completoDuval-Valentin, Guy. "Reconnaissance proteines-acides nucleiques : etudes structurales et dynamiques de l'interaction de l'arn-polymerase d'e. coli sur deux promoteurs aux comportements heterologues". Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066354.
Testo completoBudkina, Karina. "The role of an mRNA-binding protein YB-1 in formation of stress granules and translation". Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASL006.
Testo completoDuring mRNA life in cell mRNA exists in complex with proteins and is never free. In the cytoplasm, active mRNA is associated with ribosomes to form polyribosomes while repressed mRNAs in association with RNA-binding proteins forms mRNPs. Repressed mRNPs are generally isolated in the cytoplasm but they can also be found in compartments called mRNP granules, notably during cellular stress. Such mRNP granules are non-membrane organelles contains mostly translationally inactive mRNA and coexist with polysomes. Depending on the environmental conditions, there is a change in the ratio of mRNA found in these types of granules or in polysomes. In addition, there are differences in the mRNA content of the different types of such organelles depending on their localization and functions. Currently, stress granules are of great interest to researchers due to their relation to some neurological diseases. Mutations of some RNA-binding proteins such asTDP43 and FUS are directly linked to some neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), frontotemporal dementia (FTLD), and Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the affected neurons, TDP-43 and FUS form cytoplasmic aggregates while these proteins are generally found in the nucleus under physiological conditions. As they were also found in cytoplasmic stress granules, stress granules may serve as intermediates for the formation of FUS and TDP-43 aggregates. In addition, FUS and TDP-43 contain intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) which contribute to their aggregation. The formation of stress granules is stimulated by exposure to different internal and/or external factors. Stress granules serve as a place for mRNA stabilization and keeping it inactive until stress factors disappear. It is considered that secondary structures of mRNA play a significant role in the assembly of stress granules. Such structures serve as binding sites for RBPs, which further stabilize them (e.g. G3BP). The Y-box binding protein 1 (YB-1) was also identified as a marker for stress granules. YB-1 is an RNA-binding protein that accompanies mRNA from its synthesis in the nucleus to degradation in the cytoplasm. YB-1 contains a cold shock domain (CSD) with two RNA-recognition motifs (RNP-1 and RNP-2), as well as an unstructured CTD domain similar to IDRs. For most of the proteins involved in the formation of stress granules, their stimulating activity of IDR in this process has been shown. At the same time, there are some controversies regarding the role of YB-1 in the assembly of granules. According to some sources, there is reason to consider it as a negative regulator. According to others, YB-1 exhibits the properties of an inducer during the assembly of stress granules. At the same time, no attempts were made to decipher the mechanism of action of the protein under oxidative stress.Here our aim was to unravel the structural mechanisms by which YB-1 can negatively regulate the formation of stress granules and to clarify its influence on translation in stress conditions
Vindry, Caroline. "Etude des régulations post-transcriptionnelles de l'expression génétique: modèle de la dégradation de l'ARN messager CecA1 porteur d'éléments riches en adénine et uridine chez Drosophila melanogaster". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209431.
Testo completoNous avons utilisé le messager codant pour le peptide antimicrobien CécropineA1 lié par l’ARE-BP dTIS11 comme modèle pour étudier les régulations post-transcriptionnelles dépendantes des ARE chez la drosophile. Au cours de ce travail, nous avons démontré que le messager CecA1 subit une déadénylation biphasique. En effet, une déadénylation initiale racourcie la queue polyA sans diminuer la quantité de messager, puis une seconde déadénylation, prise en charge par le complexe de déadénylation CCR-NOT nécessite la présence de la protéine dTIS11 et conduit à la dégradation totale du transcrit. L’observation des intermédiaires de la dégradation nous montre que, après sa déadénylation totale, le messager est décoiffé, puis dégradé dans les deux directions: 3’-5’ et 5’-3’. Contrairement à ce qui a été montré pour ces homologues mammifères, la protéine dTIS11 n’induit pas l’accumulation du messager CecA1 dans les Processing Bodies mais favorise la deuxième phase de déadénylation alors que le messager CecA1 est associé à la machinerie de traduction afin d’induire une dégradation rapide et efficace du transcrit.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Mougel, Marylène. "Mecanisme de reconnaissance arn-proteine dans le risobome d'escherichia coli : etude des sites de fixation des proteines s8 et s15 sur l'arn 16s". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR13198.
Testo completoParis, Jessica. "Identification of molecular mechanisms subtending bread wheat androgenesis : A chemical biology approach". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASB012.
Testo completoBread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the most widely cultivated cereal grain, representing a fifth of all calories and proteins in the average human diet. Because modern wheat cultivars are inbred, major improvement may be obtained through modern breeding techniques, in particular the development of hybrids, derived from a specific cross between two agro-nomically sound parental lines to exploit heterosis. To speed up selection programs, wheat breeders have relied for dec-ades on the production of doubled haploid plants, also known as haplodiploids, for the creation of novel varieties. Hap-lodiploidization is an invaluable strategy to accelerate breeding because the haplodiploids are fixed as pure homozygotes within a single generation, thereby avoiding the more conventional, time consuming, self- or backcrossing selection schemes.This collaborative research project aimed at identifying bioactive molecules that enhance the recovery of gametic embryos from bread wheat isolated microspore cultures. Following the development of a robust protocol for producing micro-spore-derived haploids, we used an automated platform to screen 1539 bioactive molecules and identified two families of potential androgenesis enhancers. In parallel, we studied the transcriptome (RNAseq) of induced miscrospores at key stages of androgenesis initiation. These profiles were interpreted in comparison with previously published data, in wheat, other crops, and model plant species. Finally, we investigated the plausible mode of actions of one of the identified en-hancers by comparing transcript profiles of microspore suspensions that were exposed or not to the bioactive molecule. This work enabled the characterization of androgenesis biomarkers and leads to improved methods for the production of doubled haploid bread wheat regenerants
Tobias, Santos Vitória. "A Transcriptome-Level Comparison of Independently Evolved Non-Embryonic Development in Different Species of Styelidae (Tunicata)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2023SORUS401.pdf.
Testo completoTunicates (Chordata) are the closest relative to vertebrates able to undergo whole-body regeneration (WBR) upon severe injury or as part of their asexual life cycle. In different tunicate species, WBR starts from various non-homologous epithelia or mesenchymal cells, which either home adult stem cells or undergo de/transdifferentiation. The cell dynamics and the molecular players behind WBR are still elusive. To better understand differences and commonalities between independently evolved WBRs, I focused on the family of Styelidae, in which I selected two tunicate laboratory-reared species that independently evolved the capacity of WBR: Botryllus schlosseri and Polyandrocarpa zorritensis. Taking advantage of our previous morphological characterization of P. zorritensis WBR, I adapted a live-staining technique that allowed me to obtain the transcriptomic profile of seven informative stages of WBR in this species. Differential gene expression analysis revealed clusters of genes associated with each stage, from WBR initiation to the onset of morphogenesis. I’m now comparing these results with published and in-house RNAseq datasets of WBR in other species of tunicate (B. schlosseri, B. leachii, and P. misakiensis) taking advantage of available transcriptomic data as well as high quality genome data recently obtained by our team. This started to lead to the identification of orthologous genes sharing a dynamic expression during convergently acquired WBR. Further exploration of the expression pattern of these genes across species will allow us to identify common and different mechanisms underlying the plastic evolution of WBR in chordates
HA, DUONG TAP. "Interet biologique des vibrations de l'adn". Paris 6, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA066374.
Testo completoMeguellati, Amel. "Synthèse de biomolécules agissant comme inhibiteurs de l'ARN polymérase ARN dépendante du virus de l'hépatite C et développement de nouveaux surfactants comme stabilisants des protéines membranaires par réseaux de ponts salins". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GRENV001.
Testo completoThe PhD project focuses on biomolecules and is divided into two parts. The first part concerns the design and synthesis of natural product derivatives with therapeutic interest in order to develop new molecules with antiviral activity. Recently, aurones were identified as new inhibitors of hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS5B polymerase. Following these results, efforts were continuedand we undertook, on the one hand,the synthesis of original analogues in which the aurone B-ring was replaced by a heterocyclic rings and, on the other hand, the synthesis of aurone pseudodimers in order to refine the structural requirements to improve the inhibitory effect. The potent NS5B inhibitory activity combined with their low toxicity make aurones attractive drug candidates against HCV infection. The second part of the PhD thesis is unrelated to the first part and concerns more fundamental aspects. It focused on the synthesis of new surfactants acting as stabilizing agents during extraction of membrane proteins (PM). Surfactants are required for maintaining PM in their functional state after extraction from membrane lipid matrix. The vast majority of PM shares a net enrichment in basic residues at the interface between membrane and cytoplasm, a property known as the positive inside rule. Based on this feature, a new family of surfactants is developed and tested on membrane proteins belonging to the multidrug ABC efflux pumps family
David, Géraldine. "Rôle de la protéine CELF1 dans la régulation post- transcriptionnelle de l'expression des gènes". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1S094.
Testo completoIn eukaryotic cells, after transcription gene expression is controlled at multiple steps. These qualitative and quantitative post-transcriptional regulations are specified by RNA binding proteins (RBP). By combining transcriptomic analysis and binding site information for CELF1, we showed that CELF1 regulates both nuclear and cytoplasmic steps of gene expression. CELF1 directly controls the stability of cyclin D1 mRNA and the splicing of several RNA including KLC1 (light chain kinesin 1). Because mRNAs are in complexes consisting of multiple RBP we studied whether CELF1 and ELAVL1 would interact and control the abundance of their bound mRNAs. This analysis unravel a surprising redundancy or cooperativity of CELF1 and ELAVL1. The combinatorial effects of CELF1 and ELAVL1 were highly dependent on the considered RNA. Interestingly, we showed that both proteins cooperate and interact physically
François, Mariel. "Détection de l'ARN du virus de l'hépatite C : signification clinique et biologique". Tours, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOUR3801.
Testo completoGuo, Xieyang. "Regulation of transcription : structural studies of an RNA polymerase elongation complex bound to transcription factor NusA". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAJ071/document.
Testo completoTranscriptional pausing by RNA polymerases (RNAPs) is a key mechanism to regulate gene expression in all kingdoms of life and is a prerequisite for transcription termination. The essential bacterial transcription factor NusA stimulates both pausing and termination of transcription, thus playing a central role. Here, I present single-particle electron cryo-microscopy (cryo-EM) reconstructions of NusA bound to paused elongation complexes with and without a pause-enhancing hairpin in the RNA exit channel. The structures reveal four interactions between NusA and RNAP that suggest how NusA stimulates RNA folding, pausing, and termination. An asymmetric translocation intermediate of RNA and DNA converts the active site of the enzyme into an inactive state, providing a structural explanation for the inhibition of catalysis. Comparing RNAP at different stages of pausing provides insights on the dynamic nature of the process and the role of NusA as a regulatory factor
Le, Borgne Maïlys. "Étude in vivo de la fonction biologique de la protéine de liaison aux ARN Mex-3B". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10141.
Testo completoThe RNA binding-protein MEX-3 is a post-transcriptional regulator involved in early embryogenesis of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. We have recently reported the characterization of a novel family of four mammalian genes homologous to hMex-3 (called hMex-3A, 3B, 3C and 3D). To gain insight into the biological functions of these proteins in vivo, we disrupted the Mex-3B gene in mice. Using this experimental approach, we found that Mex-3B is as a major regulator of spermatogenesis. We observed that male Mex-3B null mice hypofertile and present an obstruction of seminiferous epithelium. Phagocytic properties of Sertoli cells were impaired, thus impeding the clearance of residual bodies released during spermiogenesis. Exploration of the underlying molecular mechanisms revealed that Mex-3B regulates phagocytosis through the activation and the transport at the peripheral membrane of Rap1GAP, a protein that downregulates the small G protein Rap1. Consistently, the Rap1-dependent recruitment of the junction proteins, connexin 43 and N-Cadherin at the cell surface was compromised in Mex-3B deficient mice. In conclusion, my work highlights a key role gor Mex-3B in the spatial control of Rap1 signaling during spermatogenesis
Sicot, Guillaume. "Étude du codage dans l'ADN". Télécom Bretagne, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TELB0015.
Testo completoShreim, Amani. "Cibler le splicéosome : une nouvelle stratégie thérapeutique pour contrecarrer la résistance thérapeutique dans les cancers du poumon ?" Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024GRALV023.
Testo completoLung cancer is a major public health problem and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. In patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), platinum-based chemotherapy remains a cornerstone of treatment. Even among the 30% of patients who initially respond, resistance typically develops within a few months, making the search for alternative therapies imperative. RNA splicing plays a key role in gene expression control and protein diversity, involving a multi-protein machinery known as the spliceosome. Over the past decade, significant deregulation of the expression of certain spliceosome components has been observed in cancers, leading to the development of pharmacological inhibitors targeting the spliceosome, such as SPHINX31, which inhibits SRPK1, a kinase involved in the regulation of splicing by phosphorylating various serine/arginine-rich (SR) splicing factors. Although these inhibitors show promise as anticancer drugs, their effects on cancer cells remain largely unknown. In this study, we show that SPHINX31 inhibits ATR signaling, the main pathway involved in managing replicative stress, especially in NSCLC cells with acquired resistance to platinum salts. This leads to inhibited cell growth, increased genomic instability, and cell death. At the molecular level, we demonstrate that SRPK1, the target of SPHINX31, is recruited to stalled replication forks during replicative stress, co-immunoprecipitates with the ATR/ATRIP/TOPBP1 complex, and is necessary for the recruitment of TOPBP1/ATRIP to the chromatin as well as the formation of TOPBP1 nuclear foci. All these events contribute to the full activation of ATR. Further examining this interaction, we found that SRPK1 directly interacts with TOPBP1, and that the BRCT-7 and -8 domains of TOPBP1 are necessary for this interaction. Concurrently, RNA-seq data showed that SPHINX31 and SRPK1 regulate the splicing of WIZ, favoring splice variants involved in ATR activation. These results thereby identify both splicing-dependent and -independent functions of SRPK1 in controlling the ATR signaling pathway. Finally, our results indicate that the cytotoxic effects of SPHINX31 are mitigated by the activation of the DNA-PKcs kinase pathway, a backup response mechanism activated in response to ATR inhibition, and identify a synergistic cytotoxic effect of combining SPHINX31 with a DNA-PKcs inhibitor in vitro. Overall, these findings identify a new biological role of SRPK1 kinase in managing DNA replicative stress and controlling genomic stability in lung cancer cells. They also strongly suggest that using SRPK1 inhibitors in combination with DNA-PKcs inhibitors could induce the death of tumor cells resistant to platinum salts in lung cancer
Beaulieu, Marie-Ève. "Biologie structurale de c-Myc et Max évidences pour un nouveau mécanisme de transrépression par Myc". Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5809.
Testo completoOBRECHT, SOPHIE. "Genotoxicite de l'ochratoxine a et son role dans la methylation biologique de l'adn, in vivo". Strasbourg 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993STR15062.
Testo completoRoy, Hervé. "Evolution des voies de formation d'asparagine et d'asparaginylation de l'ARNt". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR13219.
Testo completoIndirect pathway of tRNA asparaginylation involves two particular enzymes, an aspartyl-tRNA synthetase (AspRS) that is able to aspartylate tRNAAsp as well as tRNAAsn and a tRNA-dependant amidotransferase (Adt) that converts Asp-tRNAAsn into Asn-tRNAAsn. This pathway, frequent in microorganisms, is used either to form Asn-tRNAAsn or to synthesize Asn. Our first investigations established the interrelation between structural and functional peculiarities of AspRS. AspRS from the archaebacterial structural group exhibits a dual specificity for tRNA whereas AspRS from the eubacterial group is monospecific. We have crystallized the dual-specific AspRS from Thermus thermophilus and comparison of its structure to that of a monospecific AspRS shows that specificity AspRS is due to a single loop that contacts the anticodon of tRNA. This observation has been confirmed by mutagenesis to convert a monospecific AspRS into a dual one. Preliminary studies had shown that Asn-tRNAAsn is not recognized by the elongation factor Tu, which is normally responsible for delivering aa-tRNA to the ribosome. The molecular basis of discrimination of Asp-tRNAAsn versus the correct aa-tRNA has been revealed by use of protein and tRNA variants. We have cloned and overproduced the Adt from T. Thermophilus. We have shown its ability to amidate Asp-tRNAAsn as well as Glu-tRNAGln. We have also demonstrated that archaebacteria possessing a specific AspRS also possess the complete system for direct asparaginylation of tRNAAsn. Indeed, they also possess an asparagine synthetase that shares high identity with AspRS and AsnRS
Spiluttini, Béatrice. "Interaction du snARN U1 de l'épissage avec l'ARN polymérase II". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00814598.
Testo completoLARROQUE, DANIEL. "Diagnostic prenatal de la myopathie de duchenne de boulogne par analyse de l'adn en biologie moleculaire : a propos de onze familles". Toulouse 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU31092.
Testo completoSaly, Frédéric. "Etude botanique, cytogénétique et pédologique de l'arc dunaire gavres-quiberon : Incidences sur la conservation du patrimoine végétal sauvage". Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MNHN0019.
Testo completoBayrakdar, Hassan. "Synthèse et activité biologique (spectre antibactérien, inhibition de l'ADN gyrase) d'analogues ouverts et monocycliques des quinolones". Nancy 1, 1992. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1992_0428_BAYRAKDAR.pdf.
Testo completoPailhe-Sentagne, Christiane. "Etude de photosensibilisateurs modèles. Interaction et mécanisme d'action vis-à-vis de l'ADN". Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30075.
Testo completoRibet, Carole. "Analyse cinétique de l'interférence par l'ARN dans les compartiments nucléaire et cytoplasmique des cellules de mammifères". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00084397.
Testo completoCes travaux ont porté sur l'analyse cinétique de la dégradation des ARNm induite par les siARN dans des cellules de mammifères. Nous avons mesuré les vitesses de dégradation des ARNm de β-globine et de lymphotoxine-α sous interférence et montré, d'une part, que les différences d'efficacité des siARN sont liées à des différences de vitesses de dégradation et, d'autre part, que ces vitesses s'accélèrent entre 16h et 24h après la transfection pour deux siARN inhibant 80 à 90% des messagers. Nous avons aussi observé qu'un même siARN induit des inhibitions différentes pour les deux messagers de la lymphotoxine-α, ce qui nous a amené à proposer l'existence d'une interaction entre la traduction et l'interférence par l'ARN.
Nous avons analysé l'impact de l'interférence sur le métabolisme nucléaire des ARNm. Nous avons ainsi démontré que les siARN induisent la dégradation des ARN nucléaires avec une efficacité qui dépend d'une compétition cinétique entre l'interférence et les réactions de maturation et d'export qui affectent le transcrit ciblé. De plus, nous avons observé que la dégradation d'un ARN messager pouvait s'accompagner d'une accumulation de ses précurseurs, probablement par une augmentation de synthèse. Ainsi, l'interférence permet-elle de mettre en évidence de nouvelles régulations du métabolisme nucléaire des ARN.
Meyer, Vincent. "Détection d'homologies lointaines à faibles identités de séquences : Application aux protéines de la signalisation des dommages de l'ADN". Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA077021.
Testo completoThe aim of my PhD thesis lay in the development of a new automatic approach for efficiently detecting remote homologues lost in the non significant output of PSI-BLAST program. My strategy is based on a two steps procedure : first, we take advantage of secondary structure predictions, second, based on the recent development of highly sensitive profil/profil comparison method. The method was initially calibrated on a sequence database. This database gathers sequences of domains whose structures so that effective existence of remote homologies could be controlled. This step was essential to deduce the optimal thresholds leading to the best detection capabilities for a semi-automatic use of the program. In a second step, the method was tested on a set of 100 protein sequences involved in DNA damage signalling and repair. Through various examples, we show the potentialities of the developed program for the large scale analysis of remote homologies in protein sequences. In particular, my work stimulated a new hypothesis for the understanding of the defects observed in a rare disease, the Nijmejen breakage syndrome, brought about by a mutation in the Nbs1 gene
Andreuzza, Sébastien. "Un mutant dans l'ADN Ligase I d'Arabidopsis exerce un contrôle maternel sur le développement de la graine". Lyon, École normale supérieure (sciences), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ENSL0374.
Testo completoAllemand, Jean Francois. "Quelques expériences entre physique, chimie, biologie :formations de boucles dans l'ADN, moteurs moléculaires etségrégation chromosomique, excitation biphotonique,spectroscopie de corrélation de fluorescence". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00141893.
Testo completomicromanipulations de molécules d'ADN uniques avec des pinces magnétiques
pour étudier la cinétique et thermodynamique de formation de boucles
sur l'ADN par le répresseur GalR. Nous avons également étudié les propriétés
de la translocase à ADN FtsK impliquée dans la ségrégation des chromosomes
chez E. coli. Dans une seconde partie nous avons mis en place différentes
expériences utilisant l'excitation biphotonique. Tout d'abord nous
avons construit un dispositif pour mesurer les sections efficaces d'absorption
à deux photons de molécules synthétisées au laboratoire.Nous avons ensuite
mis en place la technique de corrélation de fluctuations de fluorescence pour
mesurer des coefficients de diffusion et des constantes cinétiques.
Chemin, Isabelle. "Contribution à l'étude de la biologie de l'infection par les hepadnavirus grâce à l'amplification enzymatique de l'ADN et la cytométrie en flux". Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO1T106.
Testo completo