Bibliografie tematiche / Biological pest control

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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Biological pest control"

Autore: Grafiati
Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021
Ultima modifica: 9 marzo 2023

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Biological pest control"

1

Price, Peter W., e Gregory D. Martinsen. "Biological pest control". Biomass and Bioenergy 6, n. 1-2 (gennaio 1994): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0961-9534(94)90088-4.

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Mlot, C. "Biological Pest Control Harms Natives". Science News 152, n. 7 (16 agosto 1997): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3981004.

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Williams, Trevor, Hugo C. Arredondo-Bernal e Luis A. Rodríguez-del-Bosque. "Biological Pest Control in Mexico". Annual Review of Entomology 58, n. 1 (7 gennaio 2013): 119–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-120811-153552.

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McEvoy, Peter B. "Host Specificity and Biological Pest Control". BioScience 46, n. 6 (giugno 1996): 401–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1312873.

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Marković, Dimitrije. "Crop Diversification Affects Biological Pest Control". АГРОЗНАЊЕ 14, n. 3 (13 dicembre 2013): 449. http://dx.doi.org/10.7251/agren1303449m.

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Abstract (sommario):
Crop monocultures encourage the multiplication and spread of pest insects on massive and uniform crop. Numerous studies have evaluated the impact of plant diversification on pests and beneficial arthropods population dynamics in agricultural ecosystems and provided some evidence that habitat manipulation techniques like intercropping can significantly influence pest control. This paper describes various potential options of habitat management and design that enhance ecological role of biodiversity in agroecosystems. The focus of this review is the application and mechanisms of biodiversity in agricultural systems to enhance pest management.
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Aanen, Duur K., Bernard Slippers e Michael J. Wingfield. "Biological pest control in beetle agriculture". Trends in Microbiology 17, n. 5 (maggio 2009): 179–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2009.02.006.

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Klassen, Waldemar. "Biological pest control: Needs and opportunities". American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 3, n. 2-3 (1988): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0889189300002289.

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AbstractThe extent to which pests should be managed by biological versus chemical methods has been a burning public policy issue since about 1950. A thorough policy analysis is needed to facilitate movement beyond the status quo. Such analysis should: a) review the extent of adoption of ecologically selective methods of pest control that have emerged from the last three decades of research, b) examine changes in policies, legislation and institutional arrangements that would foster more rapid and widespread adoption of environmentally benign pest controls, c) assess the role of biological controls in facilitating survival of farms during periods of economic adversity and in increasing the competitiveness of American agriculture, d) evaluate opportunities to use ecologically selective pest controls to improve water quality, to reduce environmental impacts of pests and of farming practices, and to preserve the usefulness of pest-resistant crop cultivars and pesticides, and e) identify options and mechanisms to further increase the flow of private and public resources into biocontrol research, development and implementation. A committee of highly accomplished and respected citizens needs to be formed to conduct a thorough analysis of the above and other issues related to the long-term economic viability of farming and to the development and widespread adoption of agricultural practices that will conserve and improve the resource base, and that are devoid of negative impacts on the environment and public health.
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Pereira, R. R., D. V. C. Neves, J. N. Campos, P. A. Santana Júnior, T. E. Hunt e M. C. Picanço. "Natural biological control ofChrysodeixis includens". Bulletin of Entomological Research 108, n. 6 (6 febbraio 2018): 831–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000748531800007x.

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AbstractA wide variety of abiotic and biotic factors act on insect pests to regulate their populations. Knowledge of the time and magnitude of these factors is fundamental to understanding population dynamics and developing efficient pest management systems. We investigate the natural mortality factors, critical pest stages, and key mortality factors that regulateChrysodeixis includenspopulations via ecological life tables. The total mortality caused by natural factors was 99.99%. Natural enemies were the most important mortality factors in all pest stages. The critical stages ofC. includensmortality were second and fourth instars. The key mortality factors were predation by ants in the second instar and predation by Vespidae in the fourth instar. The elimination of these factors can cause an increase of 77.52 and 85.17% ofC. includenspopulation, respectively. This study elucidates the importance of natural enemies and other natural mortality factors inC. includenspopulation regulation. These factors should be considered in developing and implementingC. includensmanagement strategies and tactics in order to achieve effective and sustainable pest control.
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van Lenteren, Joop C. "Implementation of biological control". American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 3, n. 2-3 (1988): 102–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0889189300002265.

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AbstractThe number of species of insect pests, estimated to be maximally 10,000 worldwide, forms only a small part of the millions of species of plant-eating insects. Chemical pest control is becoming increasingly difficult and objectionable in terms of environmental contamination so that other methods of pest control need to be developed. One of the best alternatives is biological control. Natural and inoculative biological control has already proven successful against a variety of pests over large areas. One is inclined to forget, however, how successful a biological control program has been as soon as the pest problem has been solved. Other types of biological control involving the regular introduction or augmentation of natural enemies are better known, although these have been applied on a much smaller scale; a survey of the present-day application of these latter types of biological control is presented here. Phases in the implementation of biological control are illustrated and needed future developments in research are discussed. The main limitation on the development of biological control is not the research, since natural enemies are easier found and with a much lower investment than new chemical pesticides, but rather the attitudes held by growers and disinterest on the part of industry, policy-makers, and politicians. The first priority for those concerned with the development and application of safer pest control should, therefore, be to change the perceptions that these other groups have of biological control.
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Hill, Stuart B. "Cultural pest control". American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 2, n. 4 (1987): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0889189300009383.

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Tesi sul tema "Biological pest control"

1

Hartfield, Christopher Mark. "Biological control of aphids on plum". Thesis, Imperial College London, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.287493.

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Chang, Gary C. "Ecological interaction among natural enemies and its consequences for biological control /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5205.

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Begum, Mahmuda. "Habitat manipulation to enhance biological control of lightbrown apple moth (Epiphyas postvittana) /". Connect to full text, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/690.

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Wilson, Michael John. "A nematode parasite for biological control of slugs". Thesis, University of Bristol, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/531bec1a-d998-4369-abbd-47c8c69e676c.

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Baker, Jeanine. "Factors affecting the establishment of a classical biological control agent, the horehound plume moth (Wheeleria spilodactylus) in South Australia". Title page, summary and contents only, 2002. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phb1677.pdf.

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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 168-198) The horehound plume moth (Wheeleria spilodactylus Curits), an agent introduced to control the invasive weed horehound (Murrubium vulgare L.), was used as a model system to investigate factors believed to influence the successful establishment of an introduced natural enemy. Retrospectively tests the use of generic population viability analysis and decision making tools for determining optimal release strategies for the horehound plume moth in South Australia and to compare outcomes with the emprical data collected during the course of this project
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Edwards, S. "Biological control of Botrytis cinerea by Bacillus brevis on protected Chinese cabbage". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262334.

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Abstract (sommario):
The activity of Bacillus brevis Nagano and the antibiotic it produces, gramicidin S, against the polyphagous plant pathogen, Botrytis cinerea was studied in vitro. Both germination and growth of B. cinerea were sensitive to the antibiotic although germination was the more sensitive. Sensitivity towards the antibiotic varied with cultural conditions. Treatment of B. cinerea conidia with high levels of gramicidin S caused massive release of cellular ATP indicating membrane disrupton as a primary mode of action. Activity of gramicidin S against conidia of B. cinerea was much lower when applied to leaves of Chinese cabbage compared to in vitro. This reduced activity was thought to be due to the binding of gramicidin S to ethanol soluble component(s) of the leaf surface. Gramicidin S also bound strongly to soil, especially the organic moiety. This gave the antibiotic low mobility and low bioavailability within soil. Methods were developed for the selective retrieval and enumeration of both B.brevis and B. cinerea from plant and soil material. Field trials showed that treatment of Chinese cabbage with B.brevis Nagano was as effective as standard fungicide treatment with iprodione in controlling grey mould infection in two successive field trials. This observation was not expected from the in planta studies concerned with antibiosis since it was indicated that gramicidin S had low activity on leaf surfaces. Observations of leaf wetness duration (LWD) indicated that B.brevis Nagano preparations contained a biosurfactant within the supernatant which altered the wettability of leaves. In greenhouse trials leaves dried 80 percent quicker after irrigation when treated with B. brevis Nagano culture compared to untreated control leaves.
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Mdlangu, Thabisa Lynette Honey. "Influence of mite predation on the efficacy of the gall midge Dasineura sp. as a biocontrol agent of Australian myrtle Leptospermum laevigatum (Myrtaceae) in South Africa". Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/272.

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Abstract (sommario):
Dasineura sp. is a gall forming midge that was introduced into South Africa for the biocontrol of the Australian myrtle, Leptospermum laevigatum. It causes galls on both the vegetative and reproductive buds of the plant. Although Dasineura sp. was initially regarded as a potentially successful agent, galling up to 99 percent of the buds of the host plant, it has been preyed on by native opportunistic mites, which caused a decline in the performance of the midge as a biocontrol agent of L. laevigatum. This raised a concern about whether this fly will be able to perform effectively in the presence of its new natural enemies. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to: 1) ascertain whether mite abundance has seasonal variations; 2) determine if plant density and plant size have an effect on midge predation by the mites; and 3) determine if midge predation varies in different locations. The study was conducted at three sites in the Hermanus area, Western Cape Province. Every three weeks for thirteen months, galls were collected and dissected so as to count and record the numbers of midge larvae, pupae, adults and mites that were found. Data collected showed that predation varied with season, and the mites were scarce during the flowering season. Predation also varied among the study sites and plant density had an effect on midge predation. Midges in smaller plants (saplings) were more vulnerable to predation than those in the bigger plants (plants from isolates and thickets). It was concluded that although mites have an effect on midge populations, they do not prevent their establishment on the plant. Therefore, a survey should be done in two to three years time to check if the midges are still persisting on the plant, vi and recommendations are that a new agent should be released to supplement the midges.
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Alfaro, Lemus Ana Lilia. "Factors influencing the control of citrophilous mealybug Pseudococcus calceolarie (Maskell) by Coccophagus gurneyi Compere in the Riverland of South Australia". Title page, contents and abstract only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09IM/09iml562.pdf.

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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 102-114) The highly successful biological control of the citrophilous mealybug Pseudococcus calceolarie (Maskell) (CM) by the parasitic wasp Coccophagus gurneyi Compere in several countries led to the release of this parasitoid in the Riverland of South Australia as part of an integrated pest management program. However CM has not been successfully controlled in this region. The results of this study may help to explain the lack of effective biological control of CM in Riverland citrus.
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Williams, Elizabeth Catherine. "Entomopathogenic nematodes as control agents of statutory insect pests". Thesis, Imperial College London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265978.

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Goble, Tarryn Anne. "Investigation of entomopathogenic fungi for control of false codling moth, Thaumatotibia leucotrata, Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata and Natal fruit fly, C. rosa in South African citrus". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005409.

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The biology of key citrus pests Thaumatotibia leucotreta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann (Diptera: Tephritidae) and Ceratitis rosa Karsch (Diptera: Tephritidae) includes their dropping from host plants to pupate in the soil below citrus trees. Since most EP fungi are soil-borne microorganisms, the development and formulation of alternative control strategies using these fungi as subterranean control agents, targeted at larvae and pupae in the soil, can potentially benefit existing IPM management of citrus in South Africa. Thus, a survey of occurrence of entomopathogenic fungi was undertaken on soils from citrus orchards and natural vegetation (refugia) on conventionally and organically managed farms in the Eastern Cape Province in South Africa. A method for baiting soil samples with citrus pest T. leucotreta and C. capitata larvae, as well as with the standard bait insect, Galleria mellonella Linnaeus (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), was implemented. Sixty-two potentially useful entomopathogenic fungal isolates belonging to four genera were collected from 288 soil samples, an occurrence frequency of 21.53%. The most frequently isolated entomopathogenic fungal species was Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin (15.63%), followed by Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin (3.82%). Galleria mellonella was the most effective insect used to isolate fungal species (χ2=40.13, df=2, P≤ 0.005), with a total of 45 isolates obtained, followed by C. capitata with 11 isolates, and T. leucotreta with six isolates recovered. There was a significantly (χ2=11.65, df=1, P≤ 0.005) higher occurrence of entomopathogenic fungi in soil samples taken from refugia compared to cultivated orchards of both organically and conventionally managed farms. No significant differences were observed in the recovery of fungal isolates when soil samples from both farming systems were compared. The physiological effects and host range of 21 indigenous fungal isolates obtained in the Eastern Cape were investigated in the laboratory to establish whether these isolates could be effectively used as biological control agents against the subterranean life stages of C. rosa, C. capitata and T. leucotreta. When these pests were treated with a fungal concentration of 1 x 10⁷ conidia ml⁻¹, the percentage of T. leucotreta adults which emerged in fungal treated sand ranged from 5 to 60% (F=33.295; df=21; P=0.0001) depending on fungal isolate and the percentage of pupae with visible signs of mycosis ranged from 21 to 93% (F= 96.436; df=21; P=0.0001). Based on fungal isolates, the percentage adult survival in C. rosa and C. capitata ranged from 30 to 90% and 55 to 86% respectively. The percentage of C. rosa and C. capitata puparia with visible signs of mycosis ranged from 1 to 14% and 1 to 11% respectively. Deferred mortality due to mycosis in C. rosa and C. capitata adult flies ranged from 1 to 58% and 1 to 33% respectively, depending on fungal isolate. Entomopathogenic fungal isolates had a significantly greater effect on the adults of C. rosa and C. capitata than they did on the puparia of these two fruit fly species. Further, C. rosa and C. capitata did not differ significantly in their response to entomopathogenic fungi when adult survival or adult and pupal mycosis were considered. The relative potency of the four most virulent Beauveria isolates as well as the commercially available Beauveria bassiana product, Bb Plus® (Biological Control Products, South Africa), were compared against one another as log-probit regressions of mortality against C. rosa, C. capitata and T. leucotreta which all exhibited a dose-dependent response. Against fruit flies the estimated LC50 values of all five Beauveria isolates ranged from 5.5 x 10¹¹ to 2.8 x 10¹² conidia/ml⁻¹. There were no significant differences between the relative potencies of these five fungal isolates. When T. leucotreta was considered, isolates: G Moss R10 and G 14 2 B5 and Bb Plus® were significantly more pathogenic than G B Ar 23 B3 and FCM 10 13 L1. The estimated LC₅₀ values of the three most pathogenic isolates ranged from 6.8 x 10⁵ to 2.1 x 10⁶ conidia/ml⁻¹, while those of the least pathogenic ranged from 1.6 x 10⁷ to 3.7 x 10⁷ conidia/ml⁻¹. Thaumatotibia leucotreta final instar larvae were exposed to two conidial concentrations, at four different exposure times (12, 48, 72 and 96 hrs) and showed an exposure time-dependant relationship (F=5.43; df=3; P=0.001). At 1 x 10⁷conidia/ml⁻¹ two Beauveria isolates: G Moss R10 and G 14 2 B5 were able to elicit a response in 50% of test insects at 72 hrs (3 days) exposure. Although a limited amount of mycosis was observed in the puparia of both fruit fly species, deferred adult mortality due to mycosis was high. The increased incidence of adult mortality suggests that post emergence mycosis in adult fruit flies may play a more significant role in field suppression than the control of fruit flies at the pupal stage. The increased incidence of pupal mortality, as well as the relatively low concentrations of conidia required to elicit meaningful responses in T. leucotreta pupae may suggest that pre-emergent control of false codling moth will play a more significant role in field suppression than the control of adult life stages using indigenous isolates of entomopathogenic fungi. Various entomopathogenic fungal application techniques targeted at key insect pests within integrated pest management (IPM) systems of citrus are discussed.
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Libri sul tema "Biological pest control"

1

Pest control. 2a ed. London: E. Arnold, 1989.

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1926-, Hedin Paul A., American Chemical Society. Division of Agrochemicals. e International Chemical Congress of Pacific Basin Studies (1995 : Honolulu, Hawaii), a cura di. Phytochemicals for pest control. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1997.

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Steiner, Marilyn Y. Quality control requirements for pest biological control agents. Vegreville, AB: Alberta Environmental Centre, 1993.

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Microbial pest control. New York: M. Dekker, 2001.

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Manfred, Mackauer, Ehler Lester E e Roland Jens, a cura di. Critical issues in biological control. Andover, Hants [England]: Intercept, 1990.

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Gerson, U. Mites (acari) for pest control. 2a ed. Oxford: Blackwell Science, 2003.

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1936-, Rosen David, a cura di. Biological control by natural enemies. 2a ed. Cambridge, [England]: Cambridge University Press, 1991.

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Sahayaraj, K. Pest control mechanism of Reduviids. Jaipur: Oxford Book Co., 2007.

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David, B. Vasantharaj, e S. Ignacimuthu. Non-chemical insect pest management. New Delhi: Elite Pub. House, 2010.

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1925-, Pimentel David, a cura di. Encyclopedia of Pest Management. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2007.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Biological pest control"

1

Dent, David, e Richard H. Binks. "Biological control." In Insect pest management, 151–97. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789241051.0151.

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Rees, N. E., P. C. Quimby e J. R. Coulson. "Biological Weed Control Technology". In Biorational Pest Control Agents, 252–69. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1995-0595.ch019.

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Van Driesche, Roy G., e Thomas S. Bellows. "Integration of Biological Control into Pest Management Systems". In Biological Control, 296–306. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1157-7_14.

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Van Driesche, Roy G., e Thomas S. Bellows. "Pest Origins, Pesticides, and the History of Biological Control". In Biological Control, 3–20. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1157-7_1.

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Jennings, David E., Jian J. Duan e Peter A. Follett. "Environmental Impacts of Arthropod Biological Control". In Environmental Pest Management, 105–29. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119255574.ch5.

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Melgarejo, Paloma, e Antonieta De Cal. "Biocontrol Should Focus on Multiple Pest Targets". In Progress in Biological Control, 127–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53238-3_9.

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van Lenteren, Joop C., e Nicholas A. Martin. "Biological Control of Whiteflies". In Integrated Pest and Disease Management in Greenhouse Crops, 202–16. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47585-5_14.

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Griffiths, Don A. "Biological Control of Mites". In Integrated Pest and Disease Management in Greenhouse Crops, 217–34. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47585-5_15.

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Rabasse, Jean Michel, e Machiel J. van Steenis. "Biological Control of Aphids". In Integrated Pest and Disease Management in Greenhouse Crops, 235–43. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47585-5_16.

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Castañé, Cristina, Jordi Riudavets e Eizi Yano. "Biological Control of Thrips". In Integrated Pest and Disease Management in Greenhouse Crops, 244–53. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47585-5_17.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Biological pest control"

1

Mishchenko, Andrey V. "ON THE ISSUE OF BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF MINING INSECTS OF FOREST-STEPPE LANDSCAPES OF THE MIDDLE VOLGA". In Treshnikov readings – 2021 Modern geographical global picture and technology of geographic education. Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I. N. Ulyanov, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33065/978-5-907216-08-2-2021-55-56.

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Gevorkyan, I. S. "APPLICATION OF THE IONIZING RADIATION IN THE PEST CONTROL". In V International Scientific Conference CONCEPTUAL AND APPLIED ASPECTS OF INVERTEBRATE SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND BIOLOGICAL EDUCATION. Tomsk State University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-94621-931-0-2020-67.

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Abstract (sommario):
The article briefly discusses the available and existing methods of control of insects-pests of grain reserves and food products. The author concludes about the preferences of the grain reserves irradiation by ionizing radiation. The author points out that to actual date, have been experimentally determined such doses of ionizing radiation, which sterilize or kill the most common insect pests. However, the data obtained are still not enough to organize a wide and comprehensive application of ionizing radiation in pest control. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct further in-depth and comprehensive experimental studies of the sensitivity of all types of insect pests to ionizing radiation in order to justify the optimal conditions and modes of irradiation of agricultural and food products. Accumulation of experimental material will allow to study more deeply the reasons and mechanisms of infringement of vital functions of an organism of insects-wreckers under the influence of ionizing radiation, and, thereby, to provide successful fight against these wreckers of stocks.
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Rafikov, Marat, e Tatiane Angelelli. "Optimization of biological pest control of sugarcane borer". In 2009 IEEE International Conference on Control Applications (CCA). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cca.2009.5280989.

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Frisvold, George. "Economic value of biological control in integrated pest management". In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.94739.

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RAFIKOV, MARAT, JOSÉ MANOEL BALTHAZAR e HUBERTUS F. VON BREMEN. "MANAGEMENT OF COMPLEX SYSTEMS: MODELING THE BIOLOGICAL PEST CONTROL". In International Symposium on Mathematical and Computational Biology. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812812339_0014.

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Stingaci, Aurelia, e Leonid Volosciuc. "Particularitățile identificării VPN și VG a Hyphantria Cunea prin aplicarea microscopiei optice și electronice". In International symposium ”Functional ecology of animals” dedicated to the 70th anniversary from the birth of academician Ion Toderas. Institute of Zoology, Republic of Moldova, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.53937/9789975315975.61.

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Biopesticides are mass-produced, biologically based agents used for the control of plant pests. They are an important part of integrated pest management (IPM), which aims to use complementary methods to manage pest populations at low levels, rather than eliminate them entirely. Biopesticides are being used on increasing scales and there is considerable interest in their potential as alternatives to conventional pesticides. Biopesticides have also attracted great interest in the international research community, with a significant increase in the number of publications devoted to the subject. At Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection are prepared the bioinsecticides for use in Republic Moldova, mostly for the control. In order to reduce the population of insect it is recommended utilization of inoffensive preparations baculoviruses highlypathogenic for the leaf-champing vermis of the Hyphantria cunea, were selected from the insect natural populations which is an efficient preparation for combating this pest in agricultural, onamental and forest biocenosis. This study aimed to highlight new agents for biological control of pest. The results of the present study revealed the larvicidal potential of baculovirusess isolates found in the larvae of H. cunea, local production of biopesticides, which will reduce the final cost of the product and will more accessible to farmer.
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Wiggins, Gregory J. "Biological control as an ecologically-based pest management technique in forest systems". In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.93691.

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Moldovan, Anna, Ion Toderaș e Natalia Munteanu-Molotievskiy. "Noi agenți bacterieni de control biologic al insectelor dăunătoare in Republica Moldova". In International symposium ”Actual problems of zoology and parasitology: achievements and prospects” dedicated to the 100th anniversary from the birth of academician Alexei Spassky. Institute of Zoology, Republic of Moldova, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.53937/9789975665902.70.

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Modern agriculture faces numerous problems, many of which are caused by the excessive use of synthetic pesticides to control pests. Development of a sustainable agriculture system is a priority for the Republic of Moldova, the main objectives being food security, protection of environment, support the competitiveness of local farmers on national and international market. Biological control proved to be a successful approach to the sustainable management of harmful insects. Thus, it is necessary to make continuous efforts to address the demand of business and national economy in environmentally friendly pesticide products. This study aimed to highlight new agents for biological control of insect pests based on local Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) strains. Highlighted strains show promising results having a high insecticidal activity against lepidopteran (Lymantria dispar, Cydia pomonella and Archips rosana) and coleopteran (Neocoenorhinidius pauxillus, Phyllobius oblongus and Sitona lineatus) pest species. It therefore will allow local production of biopesticides, which will significantly reduce the final cost of the product, making it more accessible to farmers. Use of local Bt strains will also help avoid the ecological risks associated with the introduction of new organisms into ecosystems.
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Coll, Moshe. "Climate changes and biological pest control: From tri-trophic interactions to geographical distribution". In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.93309.

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Moerkens, Rob. "Pest monitoring and population models in greenhouses: A next step in biological control". In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.114144.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Biological pest control"

1

Ingegno, B. L., e G. J. Messelink. Omnivorous predators for biological pest control in greenhouse crops. BioGreenhouse, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/373599.

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Messelink, G. J., e B. L. Ingegno. Recommended future research for biological pest control in greenhouse vegetable crops. BioGreenhouse, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/373608.

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3

Messelink, G. J. Team building in biocontrol : An ecosystem approach in biological pest control in greenhouse cropping systems. Wageningen: Wageningen University & Research, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/555184.

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Heinz, Kevin, Itamar Glazer, Moshe Coll, Amanda Chau e Andrew Chow. Use of multiple biological control agents for control of western flower thrips. United States Department of Agriculture, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7613875.bard.

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The western flower thrips (WFT), Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), is a serious widespread pest of vegetable and ornamental crops worldwide. Chemical control for Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on floriculture or vegetable crops can be difficult because this pest has developed resistance to many insecticides and also tends to hide within flowers, buds, and apical meristems. Predatory bugs, predatory mites, and entomopathogenic nematodes are commercially available in both the US and Israel for control of WFT. Predatory bugs, such as Orius species, can suppress high WFT densities but have limited ability to attack thrips within confined plant parts. Predatory mites can reach more confined habitats than predatory bugs, but kill primarily first-instar larvae of thrips. Entomopathogenic nematodes can directly kill or sterilize most thrips stages, but have limited mobility and are vulnerable to desiccation in certain parts of the crop canopy. However, simultaneous use of two or more agents may provide both effective and cost efficient control of WFT through complimentary predation and/or parasitism. The general goal of our project was to evaluate whether suppression of WFT could be enhanced by inundative or inoculative releases of Orius predators with either predatory mites or entomopathogenic nematodes. Whether pest suppression is best when single or multiple biological control agents are used, is an issue of importance to the practice of biological control. For our investigations in Texas, we used Orius insidiosus(Say), the predatory mite, Amblyseius degeneransBerlese, and the predatory mite, Amblyseius swirskii(Athias-Henriot). In Israel, the research focused on Orius laevigatus (Fieber) and the entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema felpiae. Our specific objectives were to: (1) quantify the spatial distribution and population growth of WFT and WFT natural enemies on greenhouse roses (Texas) and peppers (Israel), (2) assess interspecific interactions among WFT natural enemies, (3) measure WFT population suppression resulting from single or multiple species releases. Revisions to our project after the first year were: (1) use of A. swirskiiin place of A. degeneransfor the majority of our predatory mite and Orius studies, (2) use of S. felpiaein place of Thripinema nicklewoodi for all of the nematode and Orius studies. We utilized laboratory experiments, greenhouse studies, field trials and mathematical modeling to achieve our objectives. In greenhouse trials, we found that concurrent releases of A.degeneranswith O. insidiosusdid not improve control of F. occidentalis on cut roses over releases of only O. insidiosus. Suppression of WFT by augmentative releases A. swirskiialone was superior to augmentative releases of O. insidiosusalone and similar to concurrent releases of both predator species on cut roses. In laboratory studies, we discovered that O. insidiosusis a generalist predator that ‘switches’ to the most abundant prey and will kill significant numbers of A. swirskiior A. degeneransif WFTbecome relatively less abundant. Our findings indicate that intraguild interactions between Orius and Amblyseius species could hinder suppression of thrips populations and combinations of these natural enemies may not enhance biological control on certain crops. Intraguild interactions between S. felpiaeand O. laevigatus were found to be more complex than those between O. insidiosusand predatory mites. In laboratory studies, we found that S. felpiaecould infect and kill either adult or immature O. laevigatus. Although adult O. laevigatus tended to avoid areas infested by S. felpiaein Petri dish arenas, they did not show preference between healthy WFT and WFT infected with S. felpiaein choice tests. In field cage trials, suppression of WFT on sweet-pepper was similar in treatments with only O. laevigatus or both O. laevigatus and S. felpiae. Distribution and numbers of O. laevigatus on pepper plants also did not differ between cages with or without S. felpiae. Low survivorship of S. felpiaeafter foliar applications to sweet-pepper may explain, in part, the absence of effects in the field trials. Finally, we were interested in how differential predation on different developmental stages of WFT (Orius feeding on WFT nymphs inhabiting foliage and flowers, nematodes that attack prepupae and pupae in the soil) affects community dynamics. To better understand these interactions, we constructed a model based on Lotka-Volterra predator-prey theory and our simulations showed that differential predation, where predators tend to concentrate on one WFT stage contribute to system stability and permanence while predators that tend to mix different WFT stages reduce system stability and permanence.
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Lundgren, Jonathan, Moshe Coll e James Harwood. Biological control of cereal aphids in wheat: Implications of alternative foods and intraguild predation. United States Department of Agriculture, ottobre 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7699858.bard.

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The overall objective of this proposal is to understand how realistic strategies for incorporating alternative foods into wheat fields affect the intraguild (IG) interactions of omnivorous and carnivorous predators and their efficacy as biological control agents. Cereal aphids are a primary pest of wheat throughout much of the world. Naturally occurring predator communities consume large quantities of cereal aphids in wheat, and are partitioned into aphid specialists and omnivores. Within wheat fields, the relative abilities of omnivorous and carnivorous predators to reduce cereal aphids depend heavily on the availability, distribution and type of alternative foods (alternative prey, sugar, and pollen), and on the intensity and direction of IG predation events within this community. A series of eight synergistic experiments, carefully crafted to accomplish objectives while accounting for regional production practices, will be conducted to explore how cover crops (US, where large fields preclude effective use of field margins) and field margins (IS, where cover crops are not feasible) as sources of alternative foods affect the IG interactions of predators and their efficacy as biological control agents. These objectives are: 1. Determine the mechanisms whereby the availability of alternative prey and plant-provided resources affect pest suppression by omnivorous and carnivorous generalist predators; 2. Characterize the intensity of IGP within generalist predator communities of wheat systems and assess the impact of these interactions on cereal aphid predation; and 3. Evaluate how spatial patterns in the availability of non-prey resources and IGP affect predation on cereal aphids by generalist predator communities. To accomplish these goals, novel tools, including molecular and biochemical gut content analysis and geospatial analysis, will be coupled with traditional techniques used to monitor and manipulate insect populations and predator efficacy. Our approach will manipulate key alternative foods and IG prey to determine how these individual interactions contribute to the ability of predators to suppress cereal aphids within systems where cover crop and field margin management strategies are evaluated in production scale plots. Using these strategies, the proposed project will not only provide cost-effective and realistic solutions for pest management issues faced by IS and US producers, but also will provide a better understanding of how spatial dispersion, IG predation, and the availability of alternative foods contribute to biological control by omnivores and carnivores within agroecosystems. By reducing the reliance of wheat producers on insecticides, this proposal will address the BARD priorities of increasing the efficiency of agricultural production and protecting plants against biotic sources of stress in an environmentally friendly and sustainable manner.
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Gurevitz, Michael, Michael E. Adams e Boaz Shaanan. Structural Elements and Neuropharmacological Features Involved in the Insecticidal Properties of an Alpha Scorpion Neurotoxin: A Multidisciplinary Approach. United States Department of Agriculture, agosto 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7573061.bard.

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Integrated pest management in modern crop protection requires the use of chemical or biological insecticides in many instances. Nontheless, the use non-selective chemical insecticides poses risks to the environment and livestock and consequently urgent need exists for safer alternatives, which target insects more specifically. Scorpions produce anti-insect selective polypeptide toxins that are biodegradable and not toxic to wam-blooded animals. Therefore, mobilization of these substances into insect pest targets is of major interest. Moreover, clarification of the molecular basis of this selectivity may provide valuable information pertinent to their receptor sites and to the future design of peptidomimetic anti-insect specific substances. These toxins may also be important for reducing the current overuse of chamical insecticides provided they have a synergistic effect with conventional pesticides. All of these objectives were addressed in this research. A direct approach for plant protection was the mobilization of toxins into target pests using baculoviral vectors. The other approach was to develop a suitable system enabling the elucidation of the toxin bioactive site, which would enable design of insecticidal peptidomimetics. In parallel, the mode of action and synergistic effects of scorpion insecticidal toxins, were studied at the sodium channel receptor site. All the above approaches show great promise and clearly indicate that scorpion insecticidal toxins may provide powerful means in insect pest control.
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Hackett, Kevin, Shlomo Rottem, David L. Williamson e Meir Klein. Spiroplasmas as Biological Control Agents of Insect Pests. United States Department of Agriculture, luglio 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7613017.bard.

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Toward development of spiroplasmas as novel toxin-delivery systems for biocontrol of beetle pests in the United States (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) and Israel (Maladera matrida), media for cultivating beetle-associated spiroplasmas were improved and surveys of these spiroplasmas were conducted to provide transformable strains. Extensive surveys of spiroplasmas yielded promising extrachromosomal elements for vector constructs. One, plasmid pCT-1, was cloned, characterized, and used as a source of spiroplasma origin of replication in our shuttle vectors. The fibrillin gene was isolated and sequenced and its strong promoter was also used in the constructs. Means for transforming these vectors into spiroplasmas were developed and optimized, with electroporation found to be suitable for most applications. Development and optimization of means for using large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs) in spiroplasma transformation represents a breakthrough that should facilitate insertion of large clusters of virulence genes. With completion of the vector, we should thus be poised to genetically engineer spiroplasmas with genes that will express toxins lethal to our target beetles, thus providing an effective and inexpensive alternative to conventional means of beetle control.
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Hopper, Keith, e Moshe Coll. Parasitoid Movement between Habitats and Biological Control of Aphid Pests. United States Department of Agriculture, novembre 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7570548.bard.

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Chiel, Elad, e Christopher J. Geden. Development of sustainable fly management tools in an era of global warming. United States Department of Agriculture, gennaio 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7598161.bard.

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House flies (Muscadomestica) are global pests of animal agriculture, causing major annoyance, carrying pathogens among production facilities and humans and thus have profound impacts on animal comfort and productivity. Successful fly control requires an integrated pest management (IPM) approach that includes elements of manure management, mass trapping, biological control, and selective insecticide use. Insecticidal control of house flies has become increasingly difficult due to the rapidity with which resistance develops, even to new active ingredients. Global climate change poses additional challenges, as the efficacy of natural enemies is uncertain under the higher temperatures that are predicted to become more commonplace in the future. The two major objectives of this research project were: 1) to develop a cost-effective autodissemination application method of Pyriproxifen (PPF), an insect growth regulator, for controlling house flies; 2) to study the effect of increasing temperatures on the interactions between house flies and their principal natural enemies. First, we collected several wild house fly populations in both countries and established that most of them are susceptible to PPF, although one population in each country showed initial signs of PPF-resistance. An important finding is that the efficacy of PPF is substantially reduced when applied in cows’ manure. We also found that PPF is compatible with several common species of parasitoids that attack the house fly, thus PPF can be used in IPM programs. Next, we tried to develop “baited stations” in which house flies will collect PPF on their bodies and then deliver and deposit it in their oviposition sites (= autodissemination). The concept showed potential in lab experiments and in outdoor cages trials, but under field conditions the station models we tested were not effective enough. We thus tested a somewhat different approach – to actively release a small proportion of PPF-treated flies. This approach showed positive results in laboratory experiments and awaits further field experiments. On the second topic, we performed two experimental sets: 1) we collected house flies and their parasitoids from hot temperature and mild temperature areas in both countries and, by measuring some fitness parameters we tested whether the ones collected from hot areas are better adapted to BARD Report - Project 4701 Page 2 of 16 heat. The results showed very little differences between the populations, both of flies and parasitoids. 2) A “fast evolution” experiment, in which we reared house flies for 20 generations under increasing temperatures. Also here, we found no evidence for heat adaptation. In summary, pyriproxyfen proved to be a highly effective insect growth regulator for house flies that is compatible with it’s natural enemies. Although our autodissemination stations yielded disappointing results, we documented the proportion of flies in a population that must be exposed to PPF to achieve effective fly control. Both the flies and their principal parasitoids show no evidence for local adaptation to high temperatures. This is an encouraging finding for biological control, as our hypothesis was that the fly would be adapting faster to high temperatures than the parasitoids. BARD Report - Project 4701 Page 3 of 16
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Gurevitz, Michael, Michael E. Adams, Boaz Shaanan, Oren Froy, Dalia Gordon, Daewoo Lee e Yong Zhao. Interacting Domains of Anti-Insect Scorpion Toxins and their Sodium Channel Binding Sites: Structure, Cooperative Interactions with Agrochemicals, and Application. United States Department of Agriculture, dicembre 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7585190.bard.

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Abstract (sommario):
Integrated pest management in modern crop protection may combine chemical and biological insecticides, particularly due to the risks to the environment and livestock arising from the massive use of non-selective chemicals. Thus, there is a need for safer alternatives, which target insects more specifically. Scorpions produce anti-insect selective polypeptide toxins that are biodegradable and non-toxic to warm-blooded animals. Therefore, integration of these substances into insect pest control strategies is of major importance. Moreover, clarification of the molecular basis of this selectivity may provide valuable information pertinent to their receptor sites and to the future design of peptidomimetic anti-insect specific substances. These toxins may also be important for reducing the current overuse of chemical insecticides if they produce a synergistic effect with conventional pesticides. Based on these considerations, our major objectives were: 1) To elucidate the three-dimensional structure and toxic-site of scorpion excitatory, "depressant, and anti-insect alpha toxins. 2) To obtain an initial view to the sodium channel recognition sites of the above toxins by generating peptide decoys through a phage display system. 3) To investigate the synergism between toxins and chemical insecticides. Our approach was to develop a suitable expression system for toxin production in a recombinant form and for elucidation of toxin bioactive sites via mutagenesis. In parallel, the mode of action and synergistic effects of scorpion insecticidal toxins with pyrethroids were studied at the sodium channel level using electrophysiological methods. Objective 1 was achieved for the alpha toxin, LqhaIT Zilberberg et al., 1996, 1997; Tugarinov et al., 1997; Froy et al., 2002), and the excitatory toxin, Bj-xtrIT (Oren et al., 1998; Froy et al., 1999; unpublished data). The bioactive surface of the depressant toxin, LqhIT2, has been clarified and a crystal of the toxin is now being analyzed (unpublished). Objective 2 was not successful thus far as no phages that recognize the toxins were obtained. We therefore initiated recently an alternative approach, which is introduction of mutations into recombinant channels and creation of channel chimeras. Objective 3 was undertaken at Riverside and the results demonstrated synergism between LqhaIT or AaIT and pyrethroids (Lee et al., 2002). Furthermore, negative cross-resistance between pyrethroids and scorpion toxins (LqhaIT and AaIT) was demonstrated at the molecular level. Although our study did not yield a product, it paves the way for future design of selective pesticides by capitalizing on the natural competence of scorpion toxins to distinguish between sodium channels of insects and vertebrates. We also show that future application of anti-insect toxins may enable to decrease the amounts of chemical pesticides due to their synergism.
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