Articoli di riviste: "Biofouling"

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Pitriana, P., A. W. Radjab e A. Basit. "Biofouling on mooring systems in the Talaud and Halmahera Seas, Indonesia". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1163, n. 1 (1 maggio 2023): 012012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1163/1/012012.

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Abstract Many deep-sea scientific discoveries have been driven by sampling from mooring systems. We observed biofouling assemblages on five mooring systems in the Talaud Sea and the Halmahera Sea. Biofoulings on all the mooring components extending from the sea surface to the depth of 1800–2000 m were documented. We found mollusks, barnacles, annelids, algae, and sponges assemblages on buoys, instruments, and cables of the mooring systems. Barnacle Heteralepas sp. was the most dominant biofouling attached to the float instruments of all mooring systems. At a depth of 200 m, we found mollusks, barnacles, and sponges; while algae were founded at a depth of 750 m, 1000 m, 1200 m, and 1800 m. In comparison, sponges were detected at a depth of 200 m, 250 m, 500 m, 750 m, 1000 m, 1200 m, and 1800 m. Nevertheless, at a depth of 2000 m, we did not find any biofouling attached to the mooring systems.

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Regitasyali, S., M. H. N. Aliffrananda, Y. A. Hermawan, M. L. Hakim e I. K. A. P. Utama. "Numerical investigation on the effect of homogenous roughness due to biofouling on ship friction resistance". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 972, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2022): 012026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/972/1/012026.

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Abstract Ships are subject to increased surface roughness due to the attachment of biofoulings on their hull. When the surface of a ship’s hull is rough, increased frictional resistance can be expected. A ship’s frictional resistance make up almost 80 – 85% of its total resistance. Therefore, it is crucial to maintain the ship’s frictional resistance value to a minimum. In this study, the effects of roughness length scale due to biofouling on friction resistance are investigated. To achieve reliable results, this study used the 3D DTMB 5415 model that was established as a benchmark study by ITTC. Roughness length scales representing biofoulings are applied to the model and analyzed by using the CFD software at a service speed, reaching a Froude Number of 0.28. Results of the simulation are compared and analysed to gain an understanding of the increased friction resistance value due to biofouling. For the smooth case, the results are in agreement with the towing test conducted by ITTC. In addition, friction resistance is found to be increasing along with the rise of the roughness length scale.

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Fawcett, HowardH. "Biofouling". Journal of Hazardous Materials 23, n. 1 (gennaio 1990): 128–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3894(90)85015-u.

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Flemming, H. C., e G. Schaule. "Mikrobielle Werkstoffzerstörung - Biofilm und Biofouling: Biofouling". Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 45, n. 1 (gennaio 1994): 29–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19940450109.

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Maliszewska, Irena, e Tomasz Czapka. "Biofouling Removal from Membranes Using Nonthermal Plasma". Energies 13, n. 17 (20 agosto 2020): 4318. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13174318.

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An essential aspect of wastewater treatment systems based on membranes is fouling, which leads to a decrease in their performance and durability. The membrane biofouling is directly related to the deposition of biological particles (e.g., microorganisms in the form of biofilm) on the membrane surface. The objective of the study was to investigate the possibility of using nonthermal plasma for membrane treatment to overcome the biofouling problem. The removal of biological cells from the membrane surface was performed in a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma. The biofoulant (i.e., activated sludge) on the surface of membranes was treated with plasma for 3–10 min, corresponding to a plasma dose of 13–42 J cm−2. Results of biofouling removal studies indicated that the process was very efficient (i.e., lethal effect was also observed) and dependent on the type of membrane and exposure time to the nonthermal plasma. Moreover, investigations of the influence of plasma treatment on extracellular polymeric substances of biofilms have confirmed the possibility of using plasma in the process of protein release from biological structures, which results in their destruction. It seems that plasma technologies can be part of the so-called hybrid methods of removing biological contamination of membranes used in wastewater treatment.

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Vrouwenvelder, J. S., J. C. Kruithof e M. C. M. Van Loosdrecht. "Integrated approach for biofouling control". Water Science and Technology 62, n. 11 (1 dicembre 2010): 2477–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.747.

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Despite extensive research efforts, past and present strategies to control biofouling problems in spiral-wound nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membranes have not been successful under all circumstances. Gaining insight in the biofouling process is a first necessity. Based on recent insights, an overview is given of 12 potential complementary approaches to solve biofouling. Combinations of approaches may be more efficient in biofouling control than a single approach. A single approach must be 100% effective, while in combination each individual approach can be partially effective while the combination is still efficient. An integrated Approach for Biofouling Control (ABC) is proposed, based on three corner stones: (i) equipment design and operation, (ii) biomass growth conditions, and (iii) cleaning agents as a framework to control biofouling. While past and present strategies addressed mainly membranes and microorganisms, i.e. removal or inactivation of biomass, this ABC-approach addresses the total membrane filtration system. It is anticipated that this integral approach will enable a more rational and effective control of biofouling. Although in this stage chemical cleaning and biofouling inhibitor dosage seem unavoidable to control biofouling, it is expected that in future—because of sustainability and costs reasons—membrane systems will be developed without or with minimal need for chemical cleaning and dosing. Three potential scenarios for biofouling control are proposed based on (i) biofouling tolerant spiral wound membrane systems, (ii) capillary membranes, and (iii) phosphate limitation.

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Vinagre, Pedro Almeida, Teresa Simas, Erica Cruz, Emiliano Pinori e Johan Svenson. "Marine Biofouling: A European Database for the Marine Renewable Energy Sector". Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, n. 7 (5 luglio 2020): 495. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8070495.

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Biofouling is a major problem shared among all maritime sectors employing submerged structures where it leads to substantially increased costs and lowered operational lifespans if poorly addressed. Insight into the ongoing processes at the relevant marine locations is key to effective management of biofouling. Of specific concern for the marine renewable energy (MRE) sector is the fact that information on biofouling composition and magnitude across geographies is dispersed throughout published papers and consulting reports. To enable rapid access to relevant key biofouling events the present work describes a European biofouling database to support the MRE sector and other maritime industries. The database compiles in one document qualitative and quantitative data for challenging biofouling groups, including non-native species associated with MRE and related marine equipment, in different European Ecoregions. It provides information on the occurrence of fouling species and data on key biofouling parameters, such as biofouling thickness and weight. The database aims to aid the MRE sector and offshore industries in understanding which biofouling communities their devices are more susceptible to at a given site, to facilitate informed decisions. In addition, the biofouling mapping is useful for the development of biosecurity risk management plans as well as academic research.

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Han, Cong, e Zhigang Qu. "A methodology for removing biofouling of the hull based on ultrasonic guided waves". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2031, n. 1 (1 settembre 2021): 012006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2031/1/012006.

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Abstract Marine biofouling is considered as the undesired growth and accumulation of biological organisms on the surface of materials submerged in seawater. Marine biofouling could increase the resistance and fuel consumption of ships. In this paper, a novel method for removing biofouling on ship hull based on cavitation effect and ultrasonic guided waves (UGWs) is proposed, which is eco-friendly and could remove biofouling online. The simulation model is established by finite element method to study the sound pressure distribution on the steel plat. The biofouling removal experiment is designed, which reveals that it is feasible to remove biofouling efficiently with UGWs.

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Edyvean, R., L. V. Evans e K. D. Hoagland. "Algal Biofouling." Journal of Ecology 75, n. 4 (dicembre 1987): 1206. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2260330.

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Flemming, Hans-Curt. "Industrial Biofouling". Materials Today 14, n. 11 (novembre 2011): 565. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1369-7021(11)70283-8.

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Dobretsov, Sergey, e Daniel Rittschof. "“Omics” Techniques Used in Marine Biofouling Studies". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, n. 13 (23 giugno 2023): 10518. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241310518.

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Biofouling is the growth of organisms on wet surfaces. Biofouling includes micro- (bacteria and unicellular algae) and macrofouling (mussels, barnacles, tube worms, bryozoans, etc.) and is a major problem for industries. However, the settlement and growth of some biofouling species, like oysters and corals, can be desirable. Thus, it is important to understand the process of biofouling in detail. Modern “omic” techniques, such as metabolomics, metagenomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics, provide unique opportunities to study biofouling organisms and communities and investigate their metabolites and environmental interactions. In this review, we analyze the recent publications that employ metagenomic, metabolomic, and proteomic techniques for the investigation of biofouling and biofouling organisms. Specific emphasis is given to metagenomics, proteomics and publications using combinations of different “omics” techniques. Finally, this review presents the future outlook for the use of “omics” techniques in marine biofouling studies. Like all trans-disciplinary research, environmental “omics” is in its infancy and will advance rapidly as researchers develop the necessary expertise, theory, and technology.

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Zainal Abidin, Mohd Zaki, Miradatul Najwa Muhd Rodhi, Fazlena Hamzah e Nurul Aimi Ghazali. "Assessing biofouling in Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) power plant – A review". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2053, n. 1 (1 ottobre 2021): 012011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2053/1/012011.

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Abstract Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) harnesses thermal energy stored at different seawater depths via power generation from a thermodynamic closed-loop cyclical system. Apart from its consistent energy generation, it could be diversified into other side industries, making OTEC an attractive and sustainable source of renewable energy. However, the process that utilises seawater as its main fluid is exposed to biofouling deposition due to unwanted growth and accumulation of biological elements on any contact surfaces, potentially affecting its efficiency and damaging equipment in the process. Considering that biofouling is an inevitable condition that may not be eliminated, a comprehensive study for assessing potential biofouling growth and deposition mechanism is a crucial step for strategizing effective biofouling management in a commercial and large-scale OTEC power plant facility. This review paper focuses on evaluating suitable biofouling assessment techniques specifically for a large-scale OTEC power plant facility. This is achieved by evaluating previous and proposed biofouling assessment techniques relevant to OTEC systems by focusing on their implementation under a realistic OTEC setup. The initial study indicated that the potential of biofouling deposition may be unavoidable in some sections in all OTEC models, despite biofouling-free design consideration. Previous OTEC biofouling studies were evaluated with reported physical and biological assessment approaches indicated the need to further improve these techniques especially in continuous and non-destructive methods. Therefore, several biofouling monitoring systems reported from other water treatment industries were considered for the OTEC systems, with findings indicated the importance of considering important OTEC operational parameters for feasible and robust biofouling monitoring systems. Two major parameters which are seawater intake flow rate and temperature variation at different seawater intake levels were evaluated under OTEC operational evaluation by considering examples of practices conducted in cooling water systems in the power plant industry. A realistic biofouling monitoring setup for mimicking continuous changes in biofouling deposition is required, in this case by side-connecting an operated OTEC power plant facility with a pilot plant setup or a side sampler. This step allows the application of proposed biofouling monitoring techniques under a realistic and uninterrupted biofouling deposition setup.

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van Loosdrecht, Mark C. M., Ludmilla Bereschenko, Andrea Radu, Joop C. Kruithof, Cristian Picioreanu, Michael L. Johns e Hans S. Vrouwenvelder. "New approaches to characterizing and understanding biofouling of spiral wound membrane systems". Water Science and Technology 66, n. 1 (1 luglio 2012): 88–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.096.

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Historically, biofouling research on spiral wound membrane systems is typically problem solving oriented. Membrane modules are studied as black box systems, investigated by autopsies. Biofouling is not a simple process. Many factors influence each other in a non-linear fashion. These features make biofouling a subject which is not easy to study using a fundamental scientific approach. Nevertheless to solve or minimize the negative impacts of biofouling, a clear understanding of the interacting basic principles is needed. Recent research into microbiological characterizing of biofouling, small scale test units, application of in situ visualization methods, and model approaches allow such an integrated study of biofouling.

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Jeon, Young Jae, Won-Geom Jeong e Hye-Sook Heo. "Quorum Quenching Enzymes and Biofouling Control". Journal of Life Science 26, n. 12 (30 dicembre 2016): 1487–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5352/jls.2016.26.12.1487.

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Wulandari, Antika, Muhammad Ramli e Wa Nurgayah. "KEANEKARAGAMAN BIOTA PENEMPEL (BIOFOULING) PADA SUBSTRAT KAYU DAN FIBER YANG DIGUNAKAN OLEH KAPAL DI PERAIRAN WOLO KABUPATEN KOLAKA". Jurnal Sapa Laut (Jurnal Ilmu Kelautan) 7, n. 1 (15 marzo 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.33772/jsl.v7i1.24334.

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Biofouling ada jenis biota yang menempel pada suatu substrat. Banyaknya biofouling yang menempel pada badan kapal akan menyebabkan kerusakan dan memperpendek usia pakai kapal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan biofouling pada kapal kayu dan kapal fiber milik nelayan di Wolo, Kabupaten Kolaka. Pengambilan data biofouling dilakukan pada Bulan Oktober 2020 di di pesisir pantai Wolo, Kabupaten Kolaka menggunakan metode transek kuadrat yang meliputi data keanekaragam dan keseragaman biofouling pada dua jenis kapal serta parameter perairan. Hasil yang diperoleh yaitu biofouling jenis Balanus sp. ditemukan paling dominan pada kedua jenis kapal dan jenis Littorina scabra dan M. withersii ditemukan sebagai jenis minoritas pada kapal fiber. Hasil yang diperoleh yaitu pada kayu ditemukan jenis Balanus sp dan L. scabra dengan nilai keanekaragaman 0,009 dan keseragaman 0,013. Sedangkan pada fiber ditemukan jenis Balanus sp., L. Scabra dan M. withersii dengan nilai keanekaragaman 0,223 dan nilai keseragaman 0,203. Secara keseluruhan, ditemukan lebih banyak jenis biofouling pada kapal fiber namun ditemukan lebih banyak individu pada kapal kayu.Kata kunci: Keanekaragaman, Biofouling, Kapal Kayu, Kapal Fiber, Wolo.

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Lewandowski, Z., e H. Beyenal. "Biofilms: their structure, activity, and effect on membrane filtration". Water Science and Technology 51, n. 6-7 (1 marzo 2005): 181–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0637.

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The goal of this presentation is to identify biofouling mechanisms that cause undesirable effects to the membrane separation processes of flux decline and pressure drop. The underlying assumption of this presentation is that biofouling is unavoidable and that the operator cannot eliminate it entirely. This premise justifies research efforts toward understanding the mechanisms by which biofouling affects the membrane processes, rather than expecting that technology can entirely eliminate membrane biofouling in the near future. An improved understanding of biofouling mechanisms may lead to better membrane design, better membrane modules, and better membrane cleaning procedures.

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Xu, Zhiming, Mingyang Sun, Zuodong Liu, Bingbing Wang e Huishuang Di. "Properties of the Iron Bacteria Biofouling on Ni–P–rGO Coating". Applied Sciences 10, n. 5 (25 febbraio 2020): 1567. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10051567.

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Biofouling on heat exchange devices can decrease heat transfer efficiency, corrode materials, and even lead to safety accidents. Most heat exchange devices are made of carbon steel that efficiently produces biofouling. However, in this paper, a nickel–phosphorus–reduced graphene oxide (Ni–P–rGO) coating was prepared on carbon steel by electroless plating to investigate the properties of iron bacteria biofouling. The surface coating was analyzed via scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. After the carbon steel and the Ni–P–rGO coating were immersed into an iron bacteria solution for 120 h, the weight of the iron bacteria biofouling on the Ni–P–rGO coating sharply decreased when compared with the carbon steel. We can conclude that the concentration of graphene can affect the weight of iron bacteria biofouling. We also found that the coating solution with 40 mg/L of graphene performed the best in inhibiting biofouling by decreasing the weight of the biofouling by 97.2% compared to carbon steel.

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Vrouwenvelder, J. S., C. Hinrichs, A. R. Sun, F. Royer, J. A. M. van Paassen, S. M. Bakker, W. G. J. van der Meer, J. C. Kruithof e M. C. M. van Loosdrecht. "Monitoring and control of biofouling in nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membranes". Water Supply 8, n. 4 (1 ottobre 2008): 449–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2008.091.

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Water quality parameters such as ATP, total direct cell counts, AOC, biofilm formation rate and destructive membrane studies are not suitable for biofouling monitoring and prediction. Therefore, a monitor named membrane fouling simulator was developed. In a comparison study, the same feed channel pressure drop development in time and the same fouling accumulation was observed in spiral wound membrane elements and membrane fouling simulators. Chemical dosing to the membrane fouling simulator feed water showed that a biofouling inhibitor was not inhibiting biofouling, but was even contributing to biofouling. It is shown that other chemicals such as acid and antiscalants may contribute to biofouling as well. It was found that the feed spacer presence strongly influences the feed spacer channel pressure drop increase caused by biofilm accumulation: in nanofiltration and reverse osmosis systems biofouling is a feed spacer problem. A new set of monitors for membrane fouling studies and methods for biofouling monitoring are described. A state of the art on global membrane fouling simulator use is given.

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Montgomery, Emaline M., Barb L. Cannon e Christopher M. Pearce. "Exploring Biofouling Control by the California Sea Cucumber (Apostichopus californicus) in Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) with Organic Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)". Fishes 8, n. 9 (23 agosto 2023): 430. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fishes8090430.

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The growth of biofouling on aquaculture infrastructure is a universal challenge. Standard industry practices to remove biofouling in finfish aquaculture typically include in situ net cleaning via power washing. Since those cleaning practices can be potentially harmful to fish-gill health and expensive, development of other non-toxic biofouling controls is an industry priority. Deposit-feeding sea cucumbers are potentially well suited for biofouling control due to their feeding mechanism, but remain relatively untested in this capacity. We examined the use of California sea cucumbers (Apostichopus californicus) to control biofouling on cages containing adult Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) at a commercial farming operation. Four cage types were established: cages with salmon and sea cucumbers, cages with salmon only, cages with sea cucumbers only, and cages without either species. Results showed that the sea cucumbers actively fed on biofouling when salmon were absent (~16% cleaner on average) but preferred to consume uneaten feed/faeces at the bottom of the cages, neglecting the biofouling, when the salmon were present. It is hypothesized that biofouling control in cages with salmon may be possible with an increased density of sea cucumbers. This is the first study to examine the use of sea cucumbers as a direct net biofouling control agent with adult fish. Our results will be beneficial for industry to develop standard operating procedures for using California sea cucumbers as a biofouling control and could contribute to the development of a management framework for sea cucumber/salmon integrated multi-tropic aquaculture.

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Cao, Sheng Xian, Jia Ou, Yan Hui Zhang, Yang Liu e Jia Wei Sun. "Study on Microbial Adsorption on Material Surface Based on Dynamic-static Method". Advanced Materials Research 233-235 (maggio 2011): 1018–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.233-235.1018.

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The dynamic-static method is used for study on the formation of the biofilm on pipe surface and the relationship between the biofilm and the induction time of the biofouling. The biofilm of slime forming bacteria on the surface of the copper electrodes is characterized by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) on the static experimental apparatus. Meanwhile, the induction period of biofouling is detected by Biofouling Dynamic Simulation System (BDSS). The experimental results, which associate with the biofouling resistance by the time, are shown that the maximum value of the biofilm thickness calculated is about 3.5μm by the electrochemical parameters fitted by the compute. These can indicate that the static biofilms measured has a strict correspondence with the dynamic biofouling resistance, which is a new method for studying on the mechanism of biofouling.

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Wibisono, Yusuf, Shari Amalia Rachmawati, Vera Septyaningrum Mylani, Nimatul Izza, Angky Wahyu Putranto e Shinta Rosalia Dewi. "Synthesis of Anti-biofoulant Green Nanoparticles Embedded Cellulose Acetate Membranes". Proceedings 69, n. 1 (4 novembre 2020): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cgpm2020-07199.

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Membranes were used in many aqueous applications, including in food processing, e.g., clarification of fruit juices. Typical drawbacks of membrane processes are membrane fouling, which promotes deterioration of processed products. During application of membranes for fruit juice clarification, biofouling occurred as the process deals with food substances. Biofouling is commonly dominated by bacterial attachment and growth on membrane surface, following the deposition of organic molecules from food substances. Natural antibiotics such as Olea europaea leaves extract might be used to improve the antibiofouling properties of membranes due to its phenolic contents. In this work, Olea europaea substances were obtained by extraction to get the green active solid nanoparticles. Phenolic green nanoparticles then filled into cellulose acetate as membrane matrix. The mixed matrix membrane, therefore, has a safe antibiofouling properties and is suitable for food application. The anti-biofoulant effect has been proven by decreasing bacterial attachment down to 23% from initial condition, especially for Gram-negative bacteria such as Eschericia coli.

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Pratama, Charli, Muhammad Ramli e Ira. "KEPADATAN JENIS SACCOSTREA CUCULLATA PADA EKOSISTEM MANGROVE DI PULAU KAPOTA KECAMATAN WANGI - WANGI SELATAN KABUPATEN WAKATOBI". Jurnal Sapa Laut (Jurnal Ilmu Kelautan) 6, n. 4 (24 novembre 2021): 323. http://dx.doi.org/10.33772/jsl.v6i4.21858.

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Biofouling merupakan organisme yang menghabiskan serluruh hidupnya dilingkungan perairan laut, dan bersiafat menempel dan dapat menyebabkan masalah serius karena merupakan penghambat kelangsungan hidup anakan mangrove contohnya seperti teritip merupakan faktor penyebab stres ekofisiologis seperti reduksi fotosintesis dan penghambat pertukaran gas pada anakan dan tumbuhan dewasa Pulau kapota merupakan salah satu pulau yang terletak di bagian barat pulau wangi wangi selatan Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara Pulau kapota memiliki keanekaragaman hayati laut yang melimpah terutatama pada ekosistem mangrove yang mempunyai peran penting dalam kelangsungan rantai makanan bahan organik, serta tempat berllindung berbagai organisme yang berasosiasi di ekosistem mangrove salah satunya orgnisme Biofouling yang menenpel pada mangrove yang dapat menimbulkan kerusakan akibat biota penempet yang di sebut biofouling. Tujuan peneltn ini adalah mengetahui jenis biofouling, kepadatan biofouling, dan kualitas perairan pada ekosisitem manggrove di Pulau Kapota. Peneltian ini dilaksanakan bulan November 2020. Hasil penelitian ini ditemukan jenis biofouling S. cucullata yang memiliki sepasang cangkang tidak sama. Dengan kepadatan S. cucullata pada Ekosistem mangrove mencapai 0,04 – 0,70 ind/m², yang terdapat pada anakan. Sedangkan pada pohon mencapai 0,06 – 0,15 ind/m². dan kualitas perairan pada ekosistem Manggrove berdasarkan pH, Salinitas, Suhu, Kecepatan Arus dan kecerahan masih dapat dikatakan menunjang untuk pertubuhan biofouling S. cucullata.Kata Kunci : Manggrove, Biofouling, S. cucullata

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Da-Silva-Correa, Luiz H., Hayley Smith, Matthew C. Thibodeau, Bethany Welsh e Heather L. Buckley. "The application of non-oxidizing biocides to prevent biofouling in reverse osmosis polyamide membrane systems: a review". Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua 71, n. 2 (22 gennaio 2022): 261–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2022.118.

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Abstract Biofouling of polyamide membranes is one of the main barriers faced by reverse osmosis (RO) technologies to supply fresh water. Currently, biofouling is addressed by feed water pretreatment using chlorine, followed by membrane cleaning. Chlorine damages polyamide membranes and also generates harmful disinfection byproducts. Thus, safer strategies are needed to prevent biofouling in polyamide membrane systems. This review investigates the applicability of the following non-oxidizing biocides in preventing and controlling biofouling in RO systems, including their antimicrobial efficiency, hazard levels, membrane compatibility, and applicability to drinking water treatment: (1) 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA); (2) 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (MIT); (3) sodium bisulfite (SBS), (4) phenoxyethanol (PE), (5) sodium benzoate (SB). According to this review, MIT and DBNPA present most of the features attributed to an ideal anti-biofouling chemical but also are the most hazardous biocides. Due to safety and efficacy, none of the five chemicals were determined to be the final solution to address membrane biofouling. However, alternative RO biocide research is in early development and requires further investigation via biofouling prevention studies. Therefore, future research efforts on the investigation of economic, eco-friendly, and safe antifouling agents to prevent and treat biofouling in RO systems are paramount to promote sustainable water supply in water-stressed countries.

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Zhang, Hongli, Shilin Zhu, Jie Yang e Aijie Ma. "Advancing Strategies of Biofouling Control in Water-Treated Polymeric Membranes". Polymers 14, n. 6 (15 marzo 2022): 1167. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14061167.

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Polymeric membranes, such as polyamide thin film composite membranes, have gained increasing popularity in wastewater treatment, seawater desalination, as well as the purification and concentration of chemicals for their high salt-rejection and water flux properties. Membrane biofouling originates from the attachment or deposition of organic macromolecules/microorganisms and leads to an increased operating pressure and shortened service life and has greatly limited the application of polymeric membranes. Over the past few years, numerous strategies and materials were developed with the aim to control membrane biofouling. In this review, the formation process, influence factors, and consequences of membrane biofouling are systematically summarized. Additionally, the specific strategies for mitigating membrane biofouling including anchoring of hydrophilic monomers, the incorporation of inorganic antimicrobial nanoparticles, coating/grafting of cationic bactericidal polymers, and the design of multifunctional material integrated multiple anti-biofouling mechanisms, are highlighted. Finally, perspectives on the challenges and opportunities in anti-biofouling polymeric membranes are shared, shedding light on the development of even better anti-biofouling materials in near future.

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Utama, I. K. A. P., Y. A. Hermawan, R. C. Ariesta, S. Risdiyanto, M. Sitinjak e W. Ardhiyanto. "Protecting the Country from Bio-invasion, a Case Study of Biofouling Management in Indonesia". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1250, n. 1 (1 ottobre 2023): 012022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1250/1/012022.

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Abstract The introduction of Invasive Aquatic Species (IAS) to new environments by ships has been identified as a major threat to world’s oceans and the conservation of biodiversity. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has international efforts to tackle IAS by taking the transfer of non-indigenous organisms through shipping. In response to global oncerns about risks associated with ship-borne biofouling, the GEF-UNDP-IMO GloFouling Partnerships Project (GFP) was launched, involving several Lead Partnering Countries (LPC) to conduct national rapid status assessment concerning to the current situation of biofouling in LPC, including Indonesia. This rapid national status assessment in Indonesia is carried out to determine the essential needs for developing a future national biofouling strategy and related initiatives in Indonesia. This study and assessment include the marine sectors may act as pathway for IAS into Indonesia through biofouling, the resource and socio-economic risk from biofouling, the existing policy associated with biofouling management issues, the existing gaps, capacity needs and required reforms to manage biofouling issue in Indonesia. The assessment is carried by using the guidance provided by Glofouling guide.

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26

Nendissa, J. I., M. H. Makaruku, V. L. Tanasale, A. K. Kilkoda e J. Taribuka. "Analysis of macro nutrient content in biofouling waste organic fertilizer pearl oyster (Pinctada maxima L.)". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 883, n. 1 (1 ottobre 2021): 012038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/883/1/012038.

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Abstract Biofouling development is a major problem in bilvave aquaculture around the world. The purpose of this study was to obtain macro nutrient analysis data for organic fertilizer from pearl oyster (Pinctada maxima L) biofouling waste. Where is the manufacture of solid organic fertilizer products that have quality equivalent to other commercial organic fertilizers by utilizing pearl oyster (Pinctada maxima L.) biofouling waste so that high quality solid organic fertilizers are produced which are in accordance with the Quality Standards for solid organic fertilizers and the Indonesian National Standard. Organic fertilizer from pearl oyster biofouling waste is obtained by using pearl oyster biofouling waste which is taken from the results of cleaning microorganisms attached to the pearl oyster shell area. Another major concern regarding biofouling is the potential for food competition caused by the attachment of the filter-feeder. Besides, the waste of biofouling pearl oysters is extracted and soaked in fresh water for one week at a time. Afterward, the pearl oyster biofouling waste is dried in the sun to dry, odorless, blackish brown in color. Analysis of macro nutrient content using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer and UV-Vis Spectrophotometer. The results of the analysis of macro nutrient content were Water Content (5.76%), C (14.48%), Organic Matter (24%), N-total (0.92%), P-total (0, 25%), K-total (1.02%), C/N ratio (15.72).

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Schoefs, Franck, Arash Bakhtiari e Hamed Ameryoun. "Evaluation of Hydrodynamic Force Coefficients in Presence of Biofouling on Marine/Offshore Structures, a Review and New Approach". Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, n. 5 (20 aprile 2022): 558. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10050558.

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Novel attempts to optimize the design and requalification of offshore structures draws attention to the importance of updating information about the environmental forces. One of the important steps to design or re-assess offshore structures is the re-evaluation/evaluation of bio-colonization’s effects. This paper presents a review of studies that considered biofouling in marine/offshore structures. Most of the previous researchers conducted the effects of biofouling as a surface roughness; however, some others proved that despite the surface roughness, other marine fouling components such as surface coverage ratio, biofouling species, and aggregation, may significantly influence hydrodynamic force coefficients, particularly at higher Reynolds numbers (Re). In addition, a new approach is proposed in this paper to estimate the drag coefficient of circular members covered by biofouling. The new approach relies on a multiple parameter equation and builds on the existing measurement of the drag force coefficient. Two relationships between biofouling parameters and drag coefficient are given for hard biofouling at the post-critical Re regime.

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28

Nasruddin, Nur Iman Syafiqah Muhammad, e Mimi Hani Abu Bakar. "Mitigating membrane biofouling in biofuel cell system – A review". Open Chemistry 19, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2021): 1193–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/chem-2021-0111.

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Abstract A biofuel cell (BFC) system can transform chemical energy to electrical energy through electrochemical reactions and biochemical pathways. However, BFC faced several obstacles delaying it from commercialization, such as biofouling. Theoretically, the biofouling phenomenon occurs when microorganisms, algae, fungi, plants, or small animals accumulate on wet surfaces. In most BFC, biofouling occurs by the accumulation of microorganisms forming a biofilm. Amassed biofilm on the anode is desired for power production, however, not on the membrane separator. This phenomenon causes severities toward BFCs when it increases the electrode’s ohmic and charge transfer resistance and impedes the proton transfer, leading to a rapid decline in the system’s power performance. Apart from BFC, other activities impacted by biofouling range from the uranium industry to drug sensors in the medical field. These fields are continuously finding ways to mitigate the biofouling impact in their industries while putting forward the importance of the environment. Thus, this study aims to identify the severity of biofouling occurring on the separator materials for implementation toward the performance of the BFC system. While highlighting successful measures taken by other industries, the effectiveness of methods performed to reduce or mitigate the biofouling effect in BFC was also discussed in this study.

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29

Oesinghaus, Helge, Daniel Wanken, Kilian Lupp, Martina Gastl, Martin Elsner e Karl Glas. "Incipient Biofouling Detection via Fiber Optical Sensing and Image Analysis in Reverse Osmosis Processes". Membranes 13, n. 6 (25 maggio 2023): 553. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes13060553.

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Reverse osmosis (RO) is a widely used membrane technology for producing process water or tap water that is receiving increased attention due to water scarcity caused by climate change. A significant challenge in any membrane filtration is the presence of deposits on the membrane surfaces, which negatively affect filtration performance. Biofouling, the formation of biological deposits, poses a significant challenge in RO processes. Early detection and removal of biofouling are essential for effective sanitation and prevention of biological growth in RO-spiral wound modules. This study introduces two methods for the early detection of biofouling, capable of identifying initial stages of biological growth and biofouling in the spacer-filled feed channel. One method utilizes polymer optical fibre sensors that can be easily integrated into standard spiral wound modules. Additionally, image analysis was used to monitor and analyze biofouling in laboratory experiments, providing a complementary approach. To validate the effectiveness of the developed sensing approaches, accelerated biofouling experiments were conducted using a membrane flat module, and the results were compared with common online and offline detection methods. The reported approaches enable the detection of biofouling before known online parameters become indicative, effectively providing an online detection with sensitivities otherwise only achieved through offline characterization methods.

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30

Fahrina, Afrillia, Nasrul Arahman, Sri Aprilia, Muhammad Roil Bilad, Silmina Silmina, Widia Puspita Sari, Indah Maulana Sari et al. "Functionalization of PEG-AgNPs Hybrid Material to Alleviate Biofouling Tendency of Polyethersulfone Membrane". Polymers 14, n. 9 (7 maggio 2022): 1908. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14091908.

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Abstract (sommario):

Membrane-based processes are a promising technology in water and wastewater treatments, to supply clean and secure water. However, during membrane filtration, biofouling phenomena severely hamper the performance, leading to permanent detrimental impacts. Moreover, regular chemical cleaning is ineffective in the long-run for overcoming biofouling, because it weakens the membrane structure. Therefore, the development of a membrane material with superior anti-biofouling performance is seen as an attractive option. Hydrophilic-anti-bacterial precursor polyethylene glycol-silver nanoparticles (PEG-AgNPs) were synthesized in this study, using a sol-gel method, to mitigate biofouling on the polyethersulfone (PES) membrane surface. The functionalization of the PEG-AgNP hybrid material on a PES membrane was achieved through a simple blending technique. The PES/PEG-AgNP membrane was manufactured via the non-solvent induced phase separation method. The anti-biofouling performance was experimentally measured as the flux recovery ratio (FRR) of the prepared membrane, before and after incubation in E. coli culture for 48 h. Nanomaterial characterization confirmed that the PEG-AgNPs had hydrophilic-anti-bacterial properties. The substantial improvements in membrane performance after adding PEG-AgNPs were evaluated in terms of the water flux and FRR after the membranes experienced biofouling. The results showed that the PEG-AgNPs significantly increased the water flux of the PES membrane, from 2.87 L·m−2·h−1 to 172.84 L·m−2·h−1. The anti-biofouling performance of the PES pristine membrane used as a benchmark showed only 1% FRR, due to severe biofouling. In contrast, the incorporation of PEG-AgNPs in the PES membrane decreased live bacteria by 98%. It enhanced the FRR of anti-biofouling up to 79%, higher than the PES/PEG and PES/Ag membranes.

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31

Leary, Martin, Richard Piola, Jeff Shimeta, Steven Toppi, Scott Mayson, Matthew McMillan e Milan Brandt. "Additive manufacture of anti-biofouling inserts for marine applications". Rapid Prototyping Journal 22, n. 2 (21 marzo 2016): 416–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-02-2014-0022.

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Purpose Biofouling of marine vessels results in significant operational costs, as well as the bio-security risk associated with the transport of marine pests. Biofouling is particularly rapid in sea-chest water intakes due to elevated temperatures and circulating flow. Inspection challenges are exacerbated, as sea chests are difficult to inspect and clean. This paper aims to present a method that utilises the flexibility and low-batch capabilities of additive manufacture to manufacture custom sea-chest inserts that eliminate circulating flow and increase the uniformity of shear stress distributions to enable more constant ablation of anti-biofouling coatings. Design/methodology/approach An automated design procedure has been developed to optimise sea-chest insert geometry to achieve desirable flow characteristics, while eliminating the necessity for support material in FDM manufacture – thereby significantly reducing build cost and time. Findings Numerical flow simulation confirms that the fluid-flow approximation is robust for optimising sea-chest insert geometry. Insert geometry can be manipulated to enable support-free additive manufacture; however, as the threshold angle for support-free manufacture increases, the set of feasible sea-chest aspect ratios decreases. Research limitations/implications The surface of revolution that defines the optimal insert geometry may result in features that are not compatible with additive manufacture constraints. An alternate geometry is proposed that may be more useful in practice without compromising anti-biofouling properties. Practical implications Marine sea-chest biofouling results in significant negative environmental and economic consequence. The method developed in this paper can reduce the negative impact of sea-chest biofouling. Social implications Marine sea-chest biofouling results in significant resource consumption and emissions. The method developed in this paper can reduce the negative impact of sea-chest biofouling. Originality/value The method presented in this paper provides an entirely original opportunity to utilise additive manufacture to mitigate the effects of marine biofouling.

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32

Lim, B. R., K. H. Ahn, P. Songprasert, J. W. Cho e S. H. Lee. "Microbial community structure of membrane fouling film in an intermittently and continuously aerated submerged membrane bioreactor treating domestic wastewater". Water Science and Technology 49, n. 2 (1 gennaio 2004): 255–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0137.

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There was an observable difference in microbial community structure between suspended microorganisms and membrane biofouling film in intermittently and continuously aerated SMBRs. The dominant quinone type of membrane biofouling film in an intermittently aerated SMBR was ubiquinone (UQs)-8, -10 followed by menaquinone (MKs)-8(H4) and -8(H2). But that of the continuously aerated SMBR was UQs-10, -8 followed by MKs-6 and -8(H4). The experimental results also showed that the conditions of an intermittently aerated SMBR may contribute to biofouling by Pseudomonas, Moraxella, Vibrio (quinone type UQ-8), Staphylococcus warneri (quinone type MK-7), Micrococcus sp. (quinone type MK-8(H2)) and Nocardia sp. (quinone type MK-8(H4)), but biofouling in a continuously aerated SMBR may be due to Paracoccus sp. (quinone type: UQ-10) and Flavobacterium species (quinone type: MK-6). The microbial diversities in the intermittently aerated SMBR were 10.9 and 9.4 for biofouling film and suspended microorganisms, respectively. For the continuously aerated SMBR, the results were 10.4 and 10.5 for biofouling film and suspended microorganisms, respectively.

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Fusetani, Nobuhiro. "Biofouling and antifouling". Natural Product Reports 21, n. 1 (2004): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b302231p.

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Kanematsu, H., e J. Chapman. "Biointerfaces and biofouling". Materials Technology 30, sup5 (5 gennaio 2015): B1—B2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/b14z.00000000021.

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35

Holm, E. R. "Barnacles and Biofouling". Integrative and Comparative Biology 52, n. 3 (15 aprile 2012): 348–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/ics042.

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36

HENRY, CELIA. "POLYMER RESISTS BIOFOULING". Chemical & Engineering News 83, n. 21 (23 maggio 2005): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v083n021.p008.

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37

Kaden, H. "Biofouling bei Membranprozessen". Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie 194, Part_2 (gennaio 1996): 282–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/zpch.1996.194.part_2.282a.

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38

Clare, AS, e LV Evans. "Marine Biofouling: Introduction*". Biofouling 16, n. 2-4 (novembre 2000): 81–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08927010009378433.

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39

Vanysacker, Louise, Bart Boerjan, Priscilla Declerck e Ivo F. J. Vankelecom. "Biofouling ecology as a means to better understand membrane biofouling". Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 98, n. 19 (16 agosto 2014): 8047–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-014-5921-2.

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40

Gao, Zhan, Zhihao Yu, Xiaoli Zhang, Shougang Fan, Huiyu Gao, Caini Liu, Qixing Zhou, Huaiqi Shao, Lan Wang e Xiaoyan Guo. "Exploration on Optimized Control Way of D-Amino Acid for Efficiently Mitigating Membrane Biofouling of Membrane Bioreactor". Membranes 11, n. 8 (11 agosto 2021): 612. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11080612.

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Abstract (sommario):

The thorny issue of membrane biofouling in membrane bioreactors (MBR) calls for new effective control measures. Herein, D-amino acid (DAA) was employed to mediate MBR membrane biofouling by inhibiting biofilm information and disintegrating formed biofilm. Different DAA control ways involving membrane property, DAA-adding timing, and DAA-control mode were explored through experiments and the multiple linear regression model and the response surface methodology. The optimized DAA control ways were acquired, involving DAA used as an active agent, and the DAA-adding timing of 4 h cultured before running, as well as both hydrophilic and hydrophobic membrane, resulting in an approximately 40.24% decrease in the membrane biofouling rate in comparison with the conventional MBR. DAA is an efficient membrane biofouling mediating approach for MBR under optimized control ways combination and a facile solution for solving membrane biofouling in actual membrane systems.

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41

DE KWAADSTENIET, M., M. BOTES e T. E. CLOETE. "APPLICATION OF NANOTECHNOLOGY IN ANTIMICROBIAL COATINGS IN THE WATER INDUSTRY". Nano 06, n. 05 (ottobre 2011): 395–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292011002779.

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Abstract (sommario):

Biofouling is a concern in the water industry due to the impact it has on maintainence of system functioning and the cost involved for prevention. Mechanical and chemical methods such as the application of biocides currently used to control biofouling are not always effective. The need for alternative methods for the prevention of biofouling therefore exists. Self-cleaning and antimicrobial surfaces, such as antimicrobial and antifouling coatings, have already shown the potential to control biofouling. A new contribution to this field is the application of nanotechnology in the design and fabrication of coatings. Nanomaterials may prohibit biofouling either by repelling microorganisms through hydrophobic nanostructures or killing of microorganisms in direct contact with surfaces containing nanobiocides. This review focuses on the different approaches and techniques to fabricate antimicrobial polymeric surfaces, the application of specific nanoparticles and nanomaterials, and nanoenabled antimicrobial coatings such as paints.

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42

Venkatesan, Ramasamy, Jagadeesh Kadiyam, Puniyamoorthy SenthilKumar, Rajagopalan Lavanya e Loganathan Vedaprakash. "Marine Biofouling on Moored Buoys and Sensors in the Northern Indian Ocean". Marine Technology Society Journal 51, n. 2 (1 marzo 2017): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.51.2.11.

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AbstractEquipment and structures deployed in seawater and other marine environments are susceptible to marine growth. This marine biofouling is one of the critical factors that affects the measurement of continuous real-time data from the oceanographic sensors deployed for long-term observations. To understand the characteristics of biofouling on marine sensors, an investigation was conducted on sensors deployed in a moored buoy network deployed and maintained by the National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT) in the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal regions. The present paper attempts to elucidate the characteristics of biofouling on sensor components deployed at seven locations in the Bay of Bengal and five locations in the Arabian Sea, at varying depths ranging from the surface to 500-m depth. Biofouling on bare sensor surfaces and surfaces with various antifouling measures has been studied for 2 consecutive years (2015 and 2016), and the effect of antifouling measures is discussed in this paper. Among the locations studied, buoys deployed in the Arabian Sea exhibited a higher biofouling load compared to the buoys deployed in the Bay of Bengal. The study showed that the pedunculate barnacles Lepas anatifera Linnaeus, 1758, was the predominant biofouling species on these sensors. Furthermore, observations show that the use of copper- and zinc-based antifouling methods reduced the incidence of biofouling by 59% on average.

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43

Sohail, Noman, Ramona Riedel, Bogdan Dorneanu e Harvey Arellano-Garcia. "Prolonging the Life Span of Membrane in Submerged MBR by the Application of Different Anti-Biofouling Techniques". Membranes 13, n. 2 (9 febbraio 2023): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes13020217.

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Abstract (sommario):

The membrane bioreactor (MBR) is an efficient technology for the treatment of municipal and industrial wastewater for the last two decades. It is a single stage process with smaller footprints and a higher removal efficiency of organic compounds compared with the conventional activated sludge process. However, the major drawback of the MBR is membrane biofouling which decreases the life span of the membrane and automatically increases the operational cost. This review is exploring different anti-biofouling techniques of the state-of-the-art, i.e., quorum quenching (QQ) and model-based approaches. The former is a relatively recent strategy used to mitigate biofouling. It disrupts the cell-to-cell communication of bacteria responsible for biofouling in the sludge. For example, the two strains of bacteria Rhodococcus sp. BH4 and Pseudomonas putida are very effective in the disruption of quorum sensing (QS). Thus, they are recognized as useful QQ bacteria. Furthermore, the model-based anti-fouling strategies are also very promising in preventing biofouling at very early stages of initialization. Nevertheless, biofouling is an extremely complex phenomenon and the influence of various parameters whether physical or biological on its development is not completely understood. Advancing digital technologies, combined with novel Big Data analytics and optimization techniques offer great opportunities for creating intelligent systems that can effectively address the challenges of MBR biofouling.

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Robin, Ilan, Anne-Claire Bennis e Jean-Claude Dauvin. "3D Numerical Study of the Impact of Macro-Roughnesses on a Tidal Turbine, on Its Performance and Hydrodynamic Wake". Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, n. 11 (18 novembre 2021): 1288. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9111288.

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Biofouling is an important factor to consider when calculating the energetic efficiency of tidal farms. Despite the fact that biofouling effects have been widely investigated in the past for naval applications, very few studies concern tidal turbines. This paper proposes a numerical approach to assess the impact of biofouling on tidal turbines, which is efficient for testing many configurations. Two turbulence models are tested (RANS k-ω SST and LES Smagorinsky) for the motionless blade case to validate them. Then we chose to use the Smagorinsky model for the case of a complete tidal turbine rotor with realistically fouled blades. The pressure coefficient is strongly affected by the barnacle in the motionless blade case and the power coefficient is slightly degraded in the complete rotor case. Motionless blade cases do not represent the real biofouling behaviour for two reasons. First, sessile species settle in the down flow part of the chord where their impact is less important. Then, the surrounding turbulence provoked by the blades rotation in the rotor case reduces the impact of biofouling. In the wake, biofouling generates small vortexes that propagate into the larger ones, causing them to spread their energy.

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45

Richard, Kailey, Kelli Hunsucker, Harrison Gardner, Kris Hickman e Geoffrey Swain. "The Application of UVC Used in Synergy with Surface Material to Prevent Marine Biofouling". Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, n. 6 (15 giugno 2021): 662. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9060662.

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Biofouling is problematic for the shipping industry and can lead to functional and financial setbacks. One possible means of biofouling prevention is the use of ultraviolet-C (UVC) light. Previous studies have investigated UVC with marine coatings, but the synergistic effect with color and surface material, specifically reflectance, has yet to be determined. This study comprised three parts: UVC and color (red vs. white), UVC and reflectance (stainless steel vs. polycarbonate), and UVC and exposure intervals (weekly intervals and 10 min intervals). There was no variance in the biofouling communities for colored surfaces when exposed to 254 nm UVC. Reflectance studies demonstrated that the surface material plays a role in biofouling settlement. Stainless steel panels had significantly greater macrofouling settlement than polycarbonate, specifically among encrusting bryozoan, tubeworms, and tunicate communities. Panels of both surface materials exposed to indirect UVC significantly differed from controls and those exposed directly to UVC. Exposure intervals were also found to reduce biofouling settlement especially with long frequent intervals (i.e., 10 min/day). UVC can be utilized on various colored surfaces and different surface types, but the effectiveness in preventing biofouling is ultimately determined by the duration and frequency of UVC exposure.

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Lee, Meng-Shiue, Hussein Reda Hussein, Sheng-Wen Chang, Chia-Yu Chang, Yi-Ying Lin, Yueh Chien, Yi-Ping Yang et al. "Nature-Inspired Surface Structures Design for Antimicrobial Applications". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, n. 2 (10 gennaio 2023): 1348. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24021348.

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Abstract (sommario):

Surface contamination by microorganisms such as viruses and bacteria may simultaneously aggravate the biofouling of surfaces and infection of wounds and promote cross-species transmission and the rapid evolution of microbes in emerging diseases. In addition, natural surface structures with unique anti-biofouling properties may be used as guide templates for the development of functional antimicrobial surfaces. Further, these structure-related antimicrobial surfaces can be categorized into microbicidal and anti-biofouling surfaces. This review introduces the recent advances in the development of microbicidal and anti-biofouling surfaces inspired by natural structures and discusses the related antimicrobial mechanisms, surface topography design, material application, manufacturing techniques, and antimicrobial efficiencies.

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Hopkins, Grant A., Nicholas Scott e Patrick Cahill. "Application of bubble streams to control biofouling on marine infrastructure—pontoon-scale implementation". PeerJ 11 (7 settembre 2023): e16004. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.16004.

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Abstract (sommario):

There is a lack of cost-effective, environmentally-friendly tools available to manage marine biofouling accumulation on static artificial structures such as drilling rigs, wind turbines, marine farms, and port and marina infrastructure. For there to be uptake and refinement of tools, emerging technologies need to be tested and proven at an operational scale. This study aimed to see whether biofouling accumulation could be suppressed on marine infrastructure under real-world conditions through the delivery of continuous bubble streams. Submerged surfaces of a floating marina pontoon were cleaned in-situ by divers, and the subsequent colonisation by biofouling organisms was monitored on treated (bubbles applied) and untreated sections. Continuous bubble streams proved highly effective (>95%) in controlling macrofouling accumulation on the underside surface of the marina pontoon for the first 2 months after deployment, but efficacy dropped off rapidly once bubble stream delivery was partially obscured due to biofouling accumulation on the diffuser itself. Although extensive macrofouling cover by mussels, bryozoans and hydroids was observed on treated surfaces by 4 months (27.5%, SE = 4.8%), biofouling % cover and diversity was significantly higher on untreated surfaces (79.6%, SE = 2.9%). While this study demonstrates that continuous bubble streams greatly restrict biofouling accumulation over short-to-medium timescales, improved system design, especially the incorporation of diffusers resistant to fouling, is needed for the approach to be considered a viable long-term option for biofouling management on static artificial structures.

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Sun, Mingyang, Zhiming Xu, Zuodong Liu, Bingbing Wang e Huishuang Di. "Properties of Iron Bacteria Biofouling on Ni-P-rGO Coating under Flowing Conditions". Materials 13, n. 3 (7 febbraio 2020): 764. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13030764.

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Abstract (sommario):

Biofouling on heat exchange devices can decrease heat transfer efficiency, corrode materials, and even lead safety accidents. Most heat exchange devices are made of carbon steel, which produces biofouling easily. In this paper, nickel-phosphorus-reduced graphene oxide (Ni-P-rGO) coating was prepared on carbon steel by electroless plating as a kind of advanced material to study the properties of iron bacteria biofouling under flowing conditions. The coating was analyzed via scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The properties of iron bacteria biofouling on carbon steel and Ni-P-rGO coating were then compared under flowing conditions. Compared with carbon steel, the asymptotic value of fouling resistance on the Ni-P-rGO coating significantly decreased. Additionally, the induction period and the time of reaching the asymptotic value greatly increased. The inhibition properties of biofouling of advanced materials Ni-P-rGO coating under different temperatures, flow velocities, and initial concentrations was also studied.

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Long, Lexin, Ruojun Wang, Ho Yin Chiang, Wei Ding, Yong-Xin Li, Feng Chen e Pei-Yuan Qian. "Discovery of Antibiofilm Activity of Elasnin against Marine Biofilms and Its Application in the Marine Antifouling Coatings". Marine Drugs 19, n. 1 (5 gennaio 2021): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md19010019.

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Biofilms are surface-attached multicellular communities that play critical roles in inducing biofouling and biocorrosion in the marine environment. Given the serious economic losses and problems caused by biofouling and biocorrosion, effective biofilm control strategies are highly sought after. In a screening program of antibiofilm compounds against marine biofilms, we discovered the potent biofilm inhibitory activity of elasnin. Elasnin effectively inhibited the biofilm formation of seven strains of bacteria isolated from marine biofilms. With high productivity, elasnin-based coatings were prepared in an easy and cost-effective way, which exhibited great performance in inhibiting the formation of multi-species biofilms and the attachment of large biofouling organisms in the marine environment. The 16S amplicon analysis and anti-larvae assay revealed that elasnin could prevent biofouling by the indirect impact of changed microbial composition of biofilms and direct inhibitory effect on larval settlement with low toxic effects. These findings indicated the potential application of elasnin in biofilm and biofouling control in the marine environment.

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Rashid, Haroon, Mohamed Benbouzid, Hosna Titah-Benbouzid, Yassine Amirat e Abdeslam Mamoune. "Tidal Stream Turbine Biofouling Detection and Estimation: A Review-Based Roadmap". Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11, n. 5 (24 aprile 2023): 908. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse11050908.

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In the context of harvesting tidal stream energy, which is considered a promising source of renewable energy due to its high energy density, stability, and predictability, this paper proposes a review-based roadmap investigating the use of data-driven techniques, more specifically machine learning-based approaches, to detect and estimate the extent of biofouling in tidal stream turbines. An overview of biofouling and its impact on these turbines will be provided as well as a brief review of current methodologies and techniques for detecting and estimating biofouling. Additionally, recent developments and challenges in the field will be examined, while providing several promising prospects for biofouling detection and estimation in tidal stream turbines.

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