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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Bio-Enzymatic cells"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 5 ottobre 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Bio-Enzymatic cells"

Xiao, Xinxin, Hong-qi Xia, Ranran Wu, Lu Bai, Lu Yan, Edmond Magner, Serge Cosnier, Elisabeth Lojou, Zhiguang Zhu e Aihua Liu. "Tackling the Challenges of Enzymatic (Bio)Fuel Cells". Chemical Reviews 119, n. 16 (25 giugno 2019): 9509–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00115.

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Di Lauro, Michele, Gabriella Buscemi, Michele Bianchi, Anna De Salvo, Marcello Berto, Stefano Carli, Gianluca Maria Farinola, Luciano Fadiga, Fabio Biscarini e Massimo Trotta. "Photovoltage generation in enzymatic bio-hybrid architectures". MRS Advances 5, n. 18-19 (2020): 985–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2019.491.

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AbstractMost of the photochemical activity of bacterial photosynthetic apparatuses occurs in the reaction center, a transmembrane protein complex which converts photons into charge-separated states across the membrane with a quantum yield close to unity, fuelling the metabolism of the organism. Integrating the reaction center from the bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides onto electroactive surfaces, it is possible to technologically exploit the efficiency of this natural machinery to generate a photovoltage upon Near Infra-Red illumination, which can be used in electronic architectures working in the electrolytic environment such as electrolyte-gated organic transistors and bio-photonic power cells. Here, photovoltage generation in reaction center-based bio-hybrid architectures is investigated by means of chronopotentiometry, isolating the contribution of the functionalisation layers and defining novel surface functionalization strategies for photovoltage tuning.

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Matsena, Mpumelelo Thomas, Shepherd Masimba Tichapondwa e Evans Martin Nkhalambayausi Chirwa. "Synthesis of Biogenic Palladium Nanoparticles Using Citrobacter sp. for Application as Anode Electrocatalyst in a Microbial Fuel Cell". Catalysts 10, n. 8 (24 luglio 2020): 838. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10080838.

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Palladium (Pd) is a cheap and effective electrocatalyst that is capable of replacing platinum (Pt) in various applications. However, the problem in using chemically synthesized Pd nanoparticles (PdNPs) is that they are mostly fabricated using toxic chemicals under severe conditions. In this study, we present a more environmentally-friendly process in fabricating biogenic Pd nanoparticles (Bio-PdNPs) using Citrobacter sp. isolated from wastewater sludge. Successful fabrication of Bio-PdNPs was achieved under anaerobic conditions at pH six and a temperature of 30 °C using sodium formate (HCOONa) as an electron donor. Citrobacter sp. showed biosorption capabilities with no enzymatic contribution to Pd(II) uptake during absence of HCOONa in both live and dead cells. Citrobacter sp. live cells also displayed high enzymatic contribution to the removal of Pd(II) by biological reduction. This was confirmed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Electron Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) characterization, which revealed the presence Bio-PdNPs deposited on the bacterial cells. The bio-PdNPs successfully enhanced the anode performance of the Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC). The MFC with the highest Bio-PdNPs loading (4 mg Bio-PdNP/cm2) achieved a maximum power density of 539.3 mW/m3 (4.01 mW/m2) and peak voltage of 328.4 mV.

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Zhou, Jian, Chang Liu, Hao Yu, Ningli Tang e Chenghong Lei. "Research Progresses and Application of Biofuel Cells Based on Immobilized Enzymes". Applied Sciences 13, n. 10 (11 maggio 2023): 5917. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13105917.

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Enzymatic biofuel cells (EBFCs) are devices that use natural enzymes as catalysts to convert chemical energy from bio-sourced fuels into electrical energy. In this review, we summarize recent research progress and applications in the field of biofuel cells based on immobilized enzymes. Specifically, we discuss how to optimize and improve the electrochemical performance and operational stability of enzymatic biofuel cells through enzyme immobilization materials, enzyme immobilization methods, electron transfer improvement on enzyme electrodes, and cell construction methods. We also cover current and future practical applications of biofuel cells based on immobilized enzymes, including implantable enzymatic biofuel cells and wearable enzymatic biofuel cells. Additionally, we present some of the issues that still need to be addressed in the field of biofuel cells based on immobilized enzymes to ensure their technical and commercial viability and sustainability.

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Zhang, Lingling, Isabel Álvarez-Martos, Alexander Vakurov e Elena E. Ferapontova. "Seawater operating bio-photovoltaic cells coupling semiconductor photoanodes and enzymatic biocathodes". Sustainable Energy & Fuels 1, n. 4 (2017): 842–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7se00051k.

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Clean and sustainable production of electricity from sunlight and seawater is possible by H₂O/O₂ recycling in bio-photovoltaic cells comprising semiconductor photoanodes and an enzymatic biocathode.

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Osman, M. H., A. A. Shah e F. C. Walsh. "Recent progress and continuing challenges in bio-fuel cells. Part I: Enzymatic cells". Biosensors and Bioelectronics 26, n. 7 (marzo 2011): 3087–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2011.01.004.

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Keskinen, Jari, Eino Sivonen, Mikael Bergelin, Jan Erik Eriksson, Pia Sjöberg-Eerola, Matti Valkiainen, Maria Smolander et al. "Printed Supercapacitor as Hybrid Device with an Enzymatic Power Source". Advances in Science and Technology 72 (ottobre 2010): 331–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.72.331.

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Low cost printable power sources are needed e.g. in sensors and RFID applications. As manufacturing method printing techniques are preferred in order to keep the costs low. The materials should also be easily disposable. Enzymatic bio-fuel cells are an alternative for printable primary batteries. Since one drawback of bio-fuel cells is their low power, we have developed supercapacitors that can be combined with enzymatic bio-fuel cells to provide the power peaks necessary in the applications. The materials for the supercapacitors have been chosen to be compatible with the fuel cell and with printing methods, e.g. the activated carbon powder in the electrodes was bound with chitosan. As printing substrates we have used paperboards. The current collectors have been made of graphite and metal inks. Since the voltage requirement is limited to approximately 1 V, aqueous electrolytes have been used. Printed supercapacitors of various sizes have been prepared. The geometrical electrode areas have been between 0.5 and 2 cm2. The maximum feasible output current has been in the order of 50 mA corresponding to about 50 mW power. When the capacitor is used together with an enzymatic power source, the leakage current must be as low as possible. Typical leakage current values have been in the order of 10 µA.

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Lee, Su Jeong, Jun Hee Lee, Jisun Park, Wan Doo Kim e Su A. Park. "Fabrication of 3D Printing Scaffold with Porcine Skin Decellularized Bio-Ink for Soft Tissue Engineering". Materials 13, n. 16 (10 agosto 2020): 3522. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13163522.

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Recently, many research groups have investigated three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting techniques for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. The bio-ink used in 3D bioprinting is typically a combination of synthetic and natural materials. In this study, we prepared bio-ink containing porcine skin powder (PSP) to determine rheological properties, biocompatibility, and extracellular matrix (ECM) formation in cells in PSP-ink after 3D printing. PSP was extracted without cells by mechanical, enzymatic, and chemical treatments of porcine dermis tissue. Our developed PSP-containing bio-ink showed enhanced printability and biocompatibility. To identify whether the bio-ink was printable, the viscosity of bio-ink and alginate hydrogel was analyzed with different concentration of PSP. As the PSP concentration increased, viscosity also increased. To assess the biocompatibility of the PSP-containing bio-ink, cells mixed with bio-ink printed structures were measured using a live/dead assay and WST-1 assay. Nearly no dead cells were observed in the structure containing 10 mg/mL PSP-ink, indicating that the amounts of PSP-ink used were nontoxic. In conclusion, the proposed skin dermis decellularized bio-ink is a candidate for 3D bioprinting.

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Le Goff, Alan, e Michael Holzinger. "Molecular engineering of the bio/nano-interface for enzymatic electrocatalysis in fuel cells". Sustainable Energy & Fuels 2, n. 12 (2018): 2555–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8se00374b.

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The fascinating topic of converting chemical energy into electric power using biological catalysts, called enzymes, and sustainable fuels motivates a large community of scientists to develop enzymatic fuel cells.

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Shimoda, Kei, Manabu Hamada, Masaharu Seno, Tadakatsu Mandai e Hiroki Hamada. "Chemo-Enzymatic Synthesis of Glycolyl-Ester-Linked Taxol-Monosaccharide Conjugate and Its Drug Delivery System Using Hepatitis B Virus Envelope L Bio-Nanocapsules". Biochemistry Insights 5 (gennaio 2012): BCI.S9824. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/bci.s9824.

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Chemo-enzymatic synthesis of glycolyl-ester-linked taxol-glucose conjugate, ie, 7-glycolyltaxol 2′- O-α-D-glucoside, was achieved by using α-glucosidase as a biocatalyst. The water-solubility of 7-glycolyltaxol 2′- O-α-D-glucoside (21 μM) was 53 fold higher than that of taxol. The hepatitis B virus envelope L particles (bio-nanocapsules) are effective for delivering 7-glycolyltaxol 2′- O-α-D-glucoside to human hepatocellular carcinoma NuE cells.

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Più fonti

Tesi sul tema "Bio-Enzymatic cells"

Wen, Dan, e Alexander Eychmüller. "Enzymatic Biofuel Cells on Porous Nanostructures". Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-210960.

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Biofuel cells (BFCs) that utilize enzymes as catalysts represent a new sustainable and renewable energy technology. Numerous efforts have been directed to improve the performance of the enzymatic BFCs (EBFCs) with respect to power output and operational stability for further applications in portable power sources, self-powered electrochemical sensing, implantable medical devices, etc. This concept article details the latest advances about the EBFCs based on porous nanoarchitectures over the past 5 years. Porous matrices from carbon, noble metal, and polymer promote the development of EBFCs through the electron transfer and mass transport benefits. We will also discuss some key issues on how these nanostructured porous media improve the performance of EBFCs in the end.

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Man, Hiu Mun. "Characterisation of enzymatic catalysis by microscopy and electrochemistry : application to H2/O2 bio-fuel cells". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2022. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/221207_MAN_82cby815lbx134rmsegm855nh_TH.pdf.

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Les biopiles enzymatiques, qui utilisent des enzymes pour convertir l'énergie chimique en électricité, se présentent comme l'une des ressources énergétiques alternatives et propres les plus prometteuses. Cependant, l'immobilisation fonctionnelle de ces enzymes sur une électrode pour une catalyse efficace suscite encore de nombreux défis. Afin d’accéder à des informations résolues dans l'espace, il est nécessaire de coupler l'électrochimie à d’autres techniques de surface. Dans cette thèse, la microscopie de fluorescence confocale à balayage laser a été couplée à l'électrochimie pour la caractérisation de la catalyse électro-enzymatique. La principale réaction étudiée était la réaction de réduction de l'oxygène catalysée par la bilirubine oxydase de Myrothecium verrucaria. Cette réaction implique une consommation de protons couplée au transfert d'électrons. En utilisant une analyse in situ, les variations locales de pH qui se produisent à proximité de la bioélectrode pendant la catalyse enzymatique sont visualisées grâce à un fluorophore dont l’émission dépend du pH, la fluorescéine. L'activité de l'enzyme a d’abord été sondée par spectroscopie UV-vis et électrochimie. Nous avons ensuite montré que l'intensité de la fluorescence enregistrée est directement proportionnelle au courant catalytique. Les profils d'appauvrissement en protons à l’interface électrochimique dans des électrolytes tamponnés et non tamponnés ont été reconstruits, afin de déterminer l'influence de la force ionique sur l'environnement local des enzymes. Enfin, les enzymes ont été marquées avec des fluorophores, permettant de révéler les hétérogénéités locales de leur distribution interfaciale
Enzyme biofuel cells, which use enzymes to convert chemical energy into electricity, hold promise as one of the most promising alternative and clean energy resources. However, the immobilization of such enzymes on an electrode for efficient catalysis still raises many challenges. In order to access spatially resolved information, it is necessary to couple electrochemistry to other surface techniques. In this thesis, confocal laser scanning fluorescence microscopy was coupled with electrochemistry for the characterization of electro-enzymatic catalysis. The main reaction studied was the oxygen reduction reaction catalyzed by bilirubin oxidase from Myrothecium verrucaria. This reaction involves a consumption of protons coupled with electron transfer. Using in situ analysis, the local pH variations that occur near the bioelectrode during the enzymatic catalysis are visualized thanks to a fluorophore whose emission depends on the pH, fluorescein. The activity of the enzyme was first probed by UV-vis spectroscopy and electrochemistry. We then showed that the intensity of the fluorescence recorded is directly proportional to the catalytic current. Profiles of proton depletion at the electrochemical interface in buffered and unbuffered electrolytes were reconstructed to determine the influence of ionic strength on the local environment of enzymes. Finally, the enzymes were labeled with fluorophores, making it possible to reveal the local heterogeneities of their interfacial distribution

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Bloch, Pierre-Yves. "Industrialisation de la production d'une innovation technologique avec un potentiel gain environnemental important : application aux cellules bio-enzymatiques". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024GRALI039.

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L'industrialisation d'un produit de rupture dans le contexte spécifique d'une startup Deeptech est difficile, stressante et risquée. Elle nécessite un processus bien structuré, aligné sur la R&D du produit et le développement des procédés, le développement de la startup elle-même, et le développement ou l'adaptation d'outils et de méthodes spécifiques. Cette thèse aborde la question de l'industrialisation et de la mise à l'échelle de la production d'un produit innovant avec des objectifs de durabilité ambitieux. Une startup se distingue par ses ressources limitées qui se développent rapidement et sa maturité hétérogène des défis de processus/production.La recherche a été effectuée dans le cadre d'un contrat CIFRE au sein d'une start-up qui conçoit une pile à combustible bio-enzymatique. Le travail de recherche a été effectué simultanément à un travail d'ingénieur, permettant de tester les décisions théoriques et académiques et les décisions pratiques de l'entreprise pour faire progresser le processus d'industrialisation, telles que le développement de machines feuille-à-feuille et rouleau-à-rouleau.Les principaux résultats sont de nouveaux outils de prise de décision et de gestion de projet utiles dans un tel contexte. En particulier, les concepts de Minimum Viable Product (MVP) et de conception intégrée sont proposés pour soutenir une approche systémique et une prise de décision holistique. Un modèle permettant de piloter simultanément le développement de la startup et du produit a été développé et un outil de pilotage pratique est proposé. Il est basé sur les TRL et MRL, une version adaptée du DRL ainsi qu’un un nouveau niveau de préparation à la durabilité (SRL), afin de définir l'effort (concept de Delta) nécessaire pour atteindre l'objectif
Industrializing a disruptive product in the specific context of a Deeptech startup is challenging, stressing, and risky. It requires a well-structured process, aligned with the product R&D and process developments and the development of the startup itself, and the development/adaptation of specific tools and methods. This thesis addresses the question of industrializing and scaling up the production of an innovative product with ambitious sustainability targets. A startup differs from by its limited resources that develops quickly and its heterogeneous maturity of process/production challenges.The research was carried out in a CIFRE position at a startup designing an innovative bio-enzymatic fuel cell. The research work was done simultaneously of an engineering work, allowing tests of theoretical and academic-based decisions and practical company decisions to make the industrialization process progress such as development of sheet-to-sheet and roll-to-roll machines.The main results are new decision-making and project management tools useful in such a context. In particular, the concepts of Minimum Viable Product (MVP) and Integrated Design are proposed to support a systemic approach and a holistic decision-making. A model to pilot both the startup and product developments simultaneously has been developed and a practical steering tool is proposed. It is based on the well-known TRL and MRL, an adapted Demand Readiness Level (DRL) and a new Sustainability Readiness Level (SRL), to define the effort (concept of delta) required to achieve the objective

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Huang, Wei-Hsiang, e 黃暐翔. "Optimization of Enzymatic Bio-Fuel Cell for Immobilization of Glucose Oxidase on Chitosan Coated Carbon Cloth". Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/33842714074035770118.

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碩士
國立中興大學
精密工程學系所
100
This study presents a high-performance biofuel cell based on the covalent immobilizing of glucose oxidase (GOx) on chitosan coated carbon cloth as an anodic catalyst. The chitosan was coated by the coagulation of an aqueous solution of chitosan on the carbon cloth surface. The N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N''-ethylcarbodiimide (EDC) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) was used as coupling agents for GOx immobilization. The response surface methodology (RSM) and Box-Behnken design were employed to search the optimal immobilization conditions and understand the significance of the factors affecting the immobilized GOx activity. The results indicated that the pH, and the enzyme/support ratio are the statistically significant factors for GOx immobilization. In the ridge max analysis, the optimal immobilization conditions include a reaction time of 50 min, a pH of 5.9, and an enzyme/support ratio of 3 (w/w). Under the optimal condition, the predicted and the experimental immobilized GOx activities were 34.42±1.07 and 33.50±0.92 U/g-support, respectively. Based on the regression model, the carbon cloths with various GOx activities were prepared, and the GOx activity effect on the power density generated from the biofuel cell was investigated. The power density was increased with GOx activity, and the maximum power 1.672 mW/cm2 was obtained at a cell voltage of 0.44 V.

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KANAMORI, YUTA. "Enzymatic spermine metabolites induce apoptosis in neuroblastoma cells associated with increase of p53, Caspase-3 and miR-34a". Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/1341425.

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Neuroblastoma (NB) is a common malignant solid tumor in children, which originates from the sympathoadrenal lineage of neural crest and accounts for 15% of childhood cancer mortality. Amplification of the oncogene N-Myc is a well-established poor prognostic marker for neuroblastoma. Whilst N-Myc amplification status strongly correlates with higher tumour aggression and resistance to treatment. Therefore, new therapies for patients with N-Myc amplified NB need to be developed. The in situ formation of cytotoxic polyamine metabolites by bovine serum amino oxidase (BSAO) is a recent approach in cancer enzymotherapy. It was demonstrated that BSAO and spermine (SPM) addition to cancer cells induces cell growth inhibition and apoptosis through the oxidative stress caused by polyamine metabolites, H2O2 and aldehydes, produced by the oxidative reaction [1]. The cytotoxic effect induced by BSAO and SPM was evalulated by both a clonogenic and MTT assays. The detection of apoptosis in NB cells was evaluated by flow cytometry after Annexin V-FITC labelling and DNA staining with propidium iodide. The percentages of Annexin V-positive cells matched quite well with that of cells showing hypodiploid sub-G1 peak. An increase in mitochondrial membrane depolarization (MMD) was found in NB cells treated with the enzymatic system. The mitochondrial membrane potential activity was checked by flow cytometry studies, labelling cells with the probe JC-1 dye. We also analysed by real time RT-PCR the transcript of some genes involved in the apoptotic process, to determine possible down- or up-regulation of mRNAs after the treatment on SJNKP and the N-Myc amplified IMR-5 cell lines with BSAO and SPM. The experiments were carried out considering the pro-apoptotic genes TP53 and CASPASE-3. After treatment with BSAO and SPM, both cell lines displayed increased mRNA levels for all these pro-apoptotic genes. Interestingly, the pro-apoptotic Sirt-1 inhibitor microRNA miR-34a are increased in SJNKP and IMR5 cells treated with BSAO and SPM. Western blotting analysis with PARP and Caspase 3 antibody support the concept that BSAO/SPM treatment induces high levels of apoptosis in NB cell lines. In addition, to check if there is any difference between neurons and neuroblastoma cells treated with BSAO/SPM, acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining was used. These results suggested that primary neurons are more resistant to the cytotoxic effects induced by hydrogen peroxide and acrolein than NB cells. The major conclusion is that BSAO/SPM treatment leads to anti-proliferative and cytotoxic activity of both NB cell lines, associated with activation of apoptosis. Moreover, the findings suggested that enzymatic spermine metabolite could be a powerful tool in the development of new anticancer treatments. As a future perspective, first of all, to deliver the enzyme into tumor mass, the enzyme has to be conjugated to biocompatible and biodegradable vehicles. In fact, it is expected that after delivering the enzyme directly into cancer cells, toxic oxidation products can be produced intracellularly from endogenous polyamines. Recently, BSAO is going to be bound to novel superparamagnetic surface-active maghemite nanoparticle (SAMN). These nanoparticles are characterized by specific chemical behavior without any superficial modification or coating derivatization. SAMN-BSAO kept an elevated catalytic activity, but it was lower than that of free BSAO [2]. Additional research is needed to improve SAMN-BSAO

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(9751112), Elena A. Robles Molina. "EVALUATIONS ON ENZYMATIC EPOXIDATION, EFFICIENCY AND DECAY". Thesis, 2020.

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The potential use of enzymes in industrial synthesis of epoxidized soybean oil has been limited through the high cost of the enzyme catalyst, in this work we evaluate the effectiveness of chemo enzymatic epoxidation of high oleic soybean oil (HOSBO) using lipase B from Candida antarctica (CALB) on immobilization support Immobead 150 and H₂O₂in a solvent-free system. Additionally, we evaluated the production decay rates for hydrolytic activity and epoxide product formation over consecutive batches to determine half-life of the enzyme catalyst.

Batch epoxidation of HOSBO using CALB on 4wt% loading shows yields higher than 90% after 12 hrs. of reaction, and with a correlation to the consumption of double bonds suggesting that the reaction is selective and limiting side product reactions. Non-selective hydrolysis of oil was not found beyond the initial hydrolysis degree of raw HOSBO. Evaluations of decay given by epoxide product formation and released free fatty acids shows a half-life of the enzyme catalyst on these activities is of 22 ad 25 hrs. respectively. Finally, we evaluated the physical parameters influencing this decay, and found that H₂O₂ presence is the most important parameter of enzyme inactivation with no significant effect from its slowed addition. We propose a new reactor configuration for the analysis of the specific steps on epoxide formation through peracid intermediates.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Bio-Enzymatic cells"

Farrington, Karen E., Heather R. Luckarift, D. Matthew Eby e Kateryna Artyushkova. "Imaging and Characterization of The Bio-Nano Interface". In Enzymatic Fuel Cells, 242–72. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118869796.ch13.

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Ito, Yutaka, Teppei Ikeya e Kohsuke Inomata. "In-cell Structural Biology Through the Integration of Solution NMR Spectroscopy and Computational Science". In Integrated Structural Biology, 155–77. Royal Society of Chemistry, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/bk9781837670154-00155.

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The highly crowded environment of the cytoplasmic spaces of living cells has considerable effects not only on the enzymatic and binding activities, but also on the conformation and dynamics of bio-macromolecules. In-cell NMR spectroscopy is currently the only method capable of analysing the effects of the intracellular crowding on the biophysical properties of bio-macromolecules in real time at atomic resolution. Indeed, in-cell NMR has now been applied to various intracellular events and interesting findings have been reported. Molecular dynamics simulations that consider molecular crowding are also attracting attention as a tool for obtaining a more general picture of the intracellular environment. In this chapter, the results of in-cell NMR studies, particularly in combination with computational science, on the folding stability, 3D structure and dynamics of proteins in cells are discussed.

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Saini, Pinki, e Mazia Ahmed. "Bioavailability and Bio-Accessibility of Phytochemical Compounds". In Handbook of Research on Advanced Phytochemicals and Plant-Based Drug Discovery, 496–520. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-5129-8.ch024.

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Phytochemicals include a heterogeneous class of compounds (polyphenols, carotenoids, tocopherols, phytosterols, and organosulfur compounds) with different chemical structures (hydrophilic or lipophilic), distribution in nature (specific or ubiquitous), range of concentrations both in foods and in the human body, possible site of action, effectiveness against oxidative species, specificity, and biological action. Factors such as food source, chemical interactions, other biomolecules present in the food, restricted release of compounds from plant matrix, the solubility in gastrointestinal fluid, the permeability across intestinal epithelial cells, enzymatic and chemical reactions occurring within the gastrointestinal tract, drastically affect the bioavailability of these bioactive compounds. The chapter will present the essential aspects of bioavailability and bio accessibility of phytochemicals, factors limiting the oral bioavailability, as well as the new delivery approaches that have potential and can be explored to enhance the bioavailability of phytochemicals.

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Sugil, A. Jasmine, e Dr K. Merriliance. "BIOINFORMATICS:PROTEIN BIOLOGY CONCEPTS ON ITS STABILITY AND APPLICATIONS". In Futuristic Trends in Computing Technologies and Data Sciences Volume 3 Book 7, 13–32. Iterative International Publishers, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58532/v3bkct7p1ch2.

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This chapter focuses on the interdisciplinary area, bioinformatics. It introduces the field of bioinformatics as well as adescription of bioinformatics methodologies, its implications in protein stability and how they are used in the study of proteins. For any living thing to operate properly, proteins and amino acids are a crucial biomolecule. Experimental study on protein stability prediction is cumbersome and in accurate. Hence drug design for protein-based diseases has look tedious. In this context, Bio informatics is playing a critical role in predicting the thermodynamics stability of proteins upon point mutations viz., single, and multi-point mutations. In the previous year,various computational techniques are presented by many researchers to aid stability prediction of protein. The bioinformatics analysis includes aspects of DNA, RNA, and protein sequence analysis, gene and protein expression, genetics of diseases including neuro and special phenotypes, analysis of gene regulation, chemical interaction regulation, enzymatic regulation, other types of regulation, analysis of flowing signals in cells, networks of genetic, protein, and other molecular interactions, and comparable analysis of the diversity of genomes between individuals or organisms. Technology is essential for management of these kind of data in modern digital world. Bioinformatics is a computational and analysis tool to capture and interpret biological data like protein sequencing, molecular structure, DNA sequences, etc. Estimate of protein stability is vital and challenges to bioinformatics engineers.

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Mishra, Ms Samiksha. "Histochemical Immuno-Techniques". In Bio Instrumentation: Tools and Techniques, 125–42. Iterative International Publishers, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58532/nbennurbich8.

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Histochemical immuno-techniques are laboratory methods that combine principles of immunology with histochemistry to visualize specific molecules, within tissues or cells. These techniques involve the use of antibodies that specifically bind to target molecules, coupled with chemical or enzymatic reactions that produce a visible or measurable signal.

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Shah, Ashfaq Ahmad, e Amit Gupta. "Encapsulation of Flavonoids in Nanocarriers". In Innovative Approaches for Nanobiotechnology in Healthcare Systems, 267–83. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8251-0.ch010.

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The term “flavonoid” is a broad term given to the collection of natural polyphenolic compounds which occur in plants (fruits, vegetables, roots, flowers, stems, bark, leaves) as their secondary metabolites. Subsequent research reveals that flavonoids possess anti-inflammatory, anti-mutagenic, anti-oxidative, anti-ageing, and anti-carcinogenic effects along with their capacity to modulate enzymatic activities, inhibit cell proliferation, and inhibit bacterial growth, among others. The main shortcomings of oral administration of flavonoids as therapeutic that various studies have revealed are related to their stability, bioefficacy, and bioavailability. Novel nanotechnological strategies involving nanocarrier systems are proving promising to overcome the delivery challenge of flavonoids as therapeutics. Nanocapsules, nanospheres, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, micelles are examples of novel nanocarrier systems that are currently being explored for targeted and efficient bio functioning of flavonoids after their oral administration.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Bio-Enzymatic cells"

Chiu, Chuang-Pin, Peng-Yu Chen e Che-Wun Hong. "Atomistic Analysis of Proton Diffusivity at Enzymatic Biofuel Cell Anode". In ASME 2006 4th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2006-97136.

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This paper investigates the proton diffusion phenomenon between the anode catalyst and the electrode in an enzymatic bio-fuel cell. The bio-fuel cell uses enzymatic organism as the catalyst instead of the traditional noble metal, like platinum. The fuel is normally the glucose solution. The fuel cell is membrane-less and produces electricity from the reaction taken place in the organism. When the biochemical reaction occurs, the protons and electrons are released in the solution. The electrons are collected by the electrode plate and are transported to the cathode through an external circuit, while the protons migrate to the cathode by the way of diffusion. Unfortunately, protons are easy to dissipate in the solution because the enzyme is immersed in the neutral electrolyte. It is an important issue of how to collect the protons effectively. In order to investigate the diffusion process of the protons, a molecular dynamics simulation technique was developed. The simulation results track the transfer motion of the protons near the anode. The diffusivity was evaluated from the trajectory. The research concludes that the higher the glucose concentration, the better the proton diffusivity. The enzyme promotes the electrochemical reaction; however, it also plays an obstacle in the proton diffusion path.

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Barelli, L., G. Bidini, E. Calzoni, A. Cesaretti, A. Di Michele, C. Emiliani, L. Gammaitoni e E. Sisani. "Enzymatic fuel cell technology for energy production from bio-sources". In SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATERIAL SCIENCE, SMART STRUCTURES AND APPLICATIONS: ICMSS-2019. AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5138747.

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Iwasaki, Akiyuki, Tadasuke Nozoe, Takeshi Kawauchi e Masahiro Okamoto. "Design of Bio-inspired Fault-tolerant Adaptive Routing Based on Enzymatic Feedback Control in the Cell: Towards Averaging Load Balance in the Network". In 2007 Frontiers in the Convergence of Bioscience and Information Technologies. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fbit.2007.128.

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