Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Bio-based building materials"
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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Bio-based building materials"
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M, Khoukhi. "Thermal Assessment of a New Bio - Based Insulation Material". Open Access Journal of Waste Management & Xenobiotics 2, n. 4 (2019): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/oajwx-16000133.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In recent times, the building sector is moving towards new approaches to energy - efficient design "low energy consumption". The development of bio - based thermal insulation materials contributes to such approaches; their implementation in the building gives a good result in a reduction of energy demand. Moreover, another beneficial environmental portion such as the reduction in the depletion of non - renewable resources and in waste generation. Using thermal insulation in the building envelope can substantially reduce the building's thermal load and consequently its energy consumption. Thermal insulation is organic or inorganic material, manufactured to reduce the propagation of the heat by a combined heat transfer (i.e., conduction, convection, and radiation). More advanced insulation materials have been recently developed. However, most of the available insulations are not eco - friendly and may require a huge amount of energy and complex manufacturing processes to be produced. Some commercialized bio - based therm al insulation materials are currently available, such as industrial fibers hemp, flax, kenaf. Also, recently some researches are conducted to develop thermal food - crop by - product insulation from palm date, pin apple leaves and rice husk. However, productio n cost and lower thermal resistance are the main correlated issues. A new cheap bio - insulation material with huge commercialization potential and environmental footprint is proposed. The main idea of running a project is to develop a new material, which is environmentally friendly insulation from grain. The early experiments of the insulation product showed a similar or even better thermal performance that could compete with common insulation materials such as polystyrene.
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Obuka, Vaira, Maris Sinka, Vizma Nikolajeva, Solvita Kostjukova, Ruta Ozola-Davidane e Maris Klavins. "Microbiological Stability of Bio-Based Building Materials". Journal of Ecological Engineering 22, n. 4 (1 aprile 2021): 296–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.12911/22998993/134033.
Testo completo
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Najmi, Abdeali. "Innovative Materials and Techniques for Sustainable Building Structures". INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, n. 04 (6 aprile 2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem30133.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The construction industry faces a growing challenge to meet the demands for sustainable buildings. This research paper explores innovative materials and techniques that are revolutionizing the way we design and construct structures. The focus is on minimizing environmental impact, reducing energy consumption, and promoting resource efficiency throughout a building's life cycle the paper examines promising materials like bio-based insulation, carbon-storing concrete, and recycled content composites. It explores advanced technologies such as 3D-printed buildings and smart glass facades that contribute to energy savings and improved building performance. Additionally, sustainable construction techniques like passive design, prefabrication, and rainwater harvesting are discussed. This research aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in sustainable building practices. By analyzing the benefits and potential drawbacks of these innovative materials and techniques, the paper paves the way for a more sustainable future for the construction industry. Keywords: Sustainable Building, Innovative Materials, Bio-based Materials, Energy Efficiency, Resource Efficiency, 3D Printing, Smart Glass, Passive Design, Prefabrication, Rainwater Harvesting.
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Palanti, Sabrina, Ali Temiz, Gaye Köse Demirel, Gökhan Hekimoğlu, Ahmet Sarı, Meysam Nazari, Mohamed Jebrane, Thomas Schnabel e Nasko Terziev. "Bio-Based Phase Change Materials for Wooden Building Applications". Forests 13, n. 4 (12 aprile 2022): 603. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13040603.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Solid wood can serve multifunctionality for energy savings in buildings. The study reveals the results of biodeterioration and degradation of solid Scots pine wood used to incorporate single or multicomponent fatty acid mixtures as bio-based phase change materials (BPCMs). The sapwood samples were impregnated with capric acid (CA), methyl palmitate (MP), lauryl alcohol (LA) and a mixture of coconut oil fatty acids and linoleic acid (CoFA-LA). The samples were tested against subterranean termites by an Italian species (Reticulitermes lucifugus), the wood boring beetle Hylotrupes bajulus and mold through a discoloration test. Tested against termites, the impregnated samples were significantly less susceptible to the attack than the controls, i.e., the tested BPCMs were resistant to R. lucifugus. The only test with MP terminated at the moment against H. bajulus showed positive results with no larvae surviving. The mold discoloration test revealed that the wood impregnated with CoFA-LA was identically susceptible to mold discoloration when compared to the control, nonimpregnated samples. This pioneer study verifies that solid wood employed for the encapsulation of BPCMs for building purposes can serve identically or somewhat better than similar wooden building elements regarding attacks of the above microorganisms and insects. Such multifunctional building elements will be tested further in a pilot scale building to characterize better the durability aspects of the new materials.
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Nguyen, Dang Mao, Anne-Cécile Grillet, Quoc-Bao Bui, Thi My Hanh Diep e Monika Woloszyn. "Building bio-insulation materials based on bamboo powder and bio-binders". Construction and Building Materials 186 (ottobre 2018): 686–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.07.153.
Testo completo
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Jones, Dennis. "COST FP1303 “performance of bio-based building materials”". Wood Material Science & Engineering 14, n. 1 (7 ottobre 2018): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17480272.2018.1528569.
Testo completo
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Parlato, Monica C. M., e Andrea Pezzuolo. "From Field to Building: Harnessing Bio-Based Building Materials for a Circular Bioeconomy". Agronomy 14, n. 9 (21 settembre 2024): 2152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14092152.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The transition from a linear to circular economy is driving a growing emphasis on utilizing bio-based materials for bioenergy and construction purposes. This literature review seeks to offer a thorough bibliometric and critical analysis of bio-based building materials, particularly those that incorporate agricultural residues. A selection of pertinent articles was analyzed using text-mining techniques, revealing a substantial increase in research output on this topic, from 74 publications in 2000 to 1238 in 2023. Key areas such as sustainability, sources of bio-based materials, building applications, design and analysis, material properties, and processes have been extensively examined. The cluster “Sustainability” was the most frequently discussed topic, comprising 28.85% of the content, closely followed by “Building Materials and Techniques” at 28.07%. Given the critical role of life cycle assessment (LCA) in sustainability, an additional analysis was conducted focusing on existing research addressing this subject. The findings of this study are aimed at advancing the incorporation of waste-derived bio-based materials into a circular economy framework, thereby supporting the broader objectives of sustainability and resource efficiency.
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Stevulova, Nadezda, e Jozef Junak. "Green Building Materials Based on Waste Filler and Binder". Civil and Environmental Engineering 17, n. 2 (1 dicembre 2021): 542–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cee-2021-0055.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract This study is aimed at the application of alternative binder (AB) into bio-aggregate-based composite. The technically important parameters (density, thermal conductivity, water absorption and compressive strength) of 28, 60 and 90 days hardened green composites containing chemically and physico-chemically modified hemp hurds (HH) with AB compared to the Portland cement (PC) are presented. Testing of two reference bio-composites with original HH confirmed higher values of compressive strength and thermal conductivity unlike water absorption for all hardened specimens based on alternative binder (MgO-cement) compared to conventional PC. Changes in the final properties of hardened bio-composites were affected by treatment process of organic filler and alkaline nature of MgO-cement. The combination of purified HH by ultrasound treatment and AB appears to be promising for preparation of bio-based composite material with better properties compared to PC. In this paper, other option of the preparation of bio-composite system based on original (non-treated) filler and binder consisting of optimal activated MgO and silica fume is presented.
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M. Shaju, Pragash. "Bio-based lightweight building blocks: A review". i-manager's Journal on Structural Engineering 11, n. 4 (2023): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.26634/jste.11.4.19806.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper explores the development and utilization of bio-based lightweight building blocks as a sustainable solution in the construction industry. With increasing concerns about the environmental impact of traditional building materials, there is a growing need for eco-friendly alternatives. This study investigates the potential of natural and renewable materials, such as agricultural waste fibers, bamboo, or hemp, in combination with binders to create lightweight building blocks that offer both structural integrity and environmental sustainability. The research focuses on the formulation of these blocks, considering the optimal combination of bio-based materials and binders to achieve the desired properties. The performance characteristics of the bio-based lightweight building blocks, including structural strength, thermal insulation, fire resistance, and durability, are evaluated. The study also highlights the contribution of these blocks to sustainable construction practices, such as reducing carbon footprints and promoting resource efficiency. By providing an overview of the existing research in this field, the paper discusses the benefits and challenges associated with bio-based lightweight building blocks exploring economic feasibility, availability of materials, and compatibility with existing construction practices. Furthermore, the paper suggests avenues for future research, emphasizing the need for standardized testing protocols, certification systems, and a wider implementation of bio-based lightweight building blocks in the construction industry. This study sheds light on the potential of bio-based lightweight building blocks to mitigate environmental impact, improve sustainability, and drive innovation in construction practices.
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Mnasri, Faiza, Sofiane Bahria, Mohamed El-Amine Slimani, Ouhsaine Lahoucine e Mohammed El Ganaoui. "Building incorporated bio-based materials: Experimental and numerical study". Journal of Building Engineering 28 (marzo 2020): 101088. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2019.101088.
Testo completoTesi sul tema "Bio-based building materials"
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Yang, Yunxian. "Bio-based flame retardant for sustainable building materials". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668530.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
As new promising alternatives, novel bio-based materials are already developed to apply in construction sectors due to biodegradability, low toxicity, sustainability, renewability, and acceptable general properties. However, their flammability and need to guarantee a low fire risk in the constructions is also an essential factor to restrict their further application. This thesis focused on investigation of bio-based material with good flame-retardant performance and corresponding flame-retardant mechanism. The detailed investigation was developed by following stages: synthesis of bio-based flame retardant and its application in PLA; effect of bio-based flame retardant on the fire resistance and other properties of natural fiber reinforced PLA. Finally, the smouldering and combustion performances of the bio-based thermal insulation material made from natural fiber were studied as well.
1) On basis of bio-based concept, PA and THAM were selected as raw material to synthesize a novel flame retardant and the chemical structure was confirmed via some characterizations. Afterwards, this synthetic product PA-THAM was employed as an efficient flame retardant to PLA by melt mixing. This binary system showed an improvement in flame retardancy, which was achieved by a combination of heat transfer effect, slight dilution and barrier action. For example, only 3 wt% loading of PA-THAM imparted PLA-based biocomposite LOI value of 25.8% and UL 94 V-0 level, as well as a significant self-extinguishing ability was observed. Besides, the molten viscosity of biocomposite also demonstrated more reduction compared with neat PLA due to the lubrication of PA-THAM, while there was little change in the mechanical properties.
2) PA-THAM and corn pith cellulose (OCC) were combined via in-situ modification and used to prepare a PLA-based biocomposite. After OCC was modified by PA-THAM successfully, which was proved by SEM/ EDS, FTIR, and TGA, the effect of PA-THAM on thermal stability and fire behaviors of PLA-based composite were also investigated accordingly. 5 phr addition of PA-THAM enabled this natural fiber reinforced polymer biocomposite (NPC) to illustrate a 50 °C higher temperature at maximum degradation rate than control sample without additive, and an improvement was also obtained in flame retardant properties with an increase of LOI value, a reduction of PHRR, and more char residue. The predominant flame-retardant mechanism focused on the synergistic effect of PA-THAM and OCC that occurred in condensed phase. Besides, the same level introduction of PA-THAM improved the interfacial affinity between PLA and OCC that maintained good mechanical properties as well.
3) A bio-based thermal insulation material was made from corn pith cellulose, alginate, and bio-efficient flame retardants. After introducing these bio-based additives, the smouldering and flaming combustion behaviors were improved significantly. Compared with the reference sample, thermal insulation particleboard with 8 wt% loading of a mixture of PA-THAM and a sodium borate salt (DOT) increased the initial temperature of smoldering ignition by 70 ºC, and meanwhile, the value of PHRR in flaming combustion decreased by 25.5%. Furthermore, the thermal conductivity was hardly affected, while the temperature at which the maximum thermal degradation occured increased. The correlative flame retardant mechanism was attributed to a synergistic effect from both flame retardants, which promoted a formation of more stable charring layer at initial stage.Los materiales de base biológica ofrecen una alternativa prometedora para aplicaciones en el sector de la construcción, debido a que se trata de materiales biodegradables, renovables y de baja toxicidad. Sin embargo, su capacidad de inflamar y la necesidad de mantener un bajo riesgo frente a incendios en los edificios es un factor esencial para restringir su posterior aplicación. Esta tesis se ha centrado en el desarrollo de materiales de base biológica con buen comportamiento frente al fuego y la investigación de los mecanismos de los retardantes de llama involucrados. La investigación se desarrolló en tres etapas que se detallan a continuación. 1) Partiendo del concepto de base biológica, se seleccionaron PA y THAM como materias primas para sintetizar un nuevo retardante de llama y la estructura química se confirmó mediante la caracterización del compuesto resultante. Posteriormente, este producto sintético PA-THAM se empleó como un retardante de llama eficiente para PLA mediante mezcla fundida. Este sistema binario mostró una mejora en la resistencia al fuego, que se logró mediante una combinación de los efectos de transferencia de calor, ligera dilución y acción barrera. Por ejemplo, con sólo un 3% en peso de carga de PA-THAM se logró un valor de LOI de 25,8% del compuesto de PLA y un nivel UL 94 V-0, así como una capacidad de autoextinción significativa. Además, la viscosidad fundida del biocompuesto también se redujo en relación a la del PLA puro debido a la lubricación ejercida por el PA-THAM. Por otro lado, la adición del retardante ocasionó pocos cambios en las propiedades mecánicas. 2) El retardante basado en PA-THAM y la fracción fina obtenida triturando la médula de maíz (OCC) se combinaron mediante modificación in situ y se usaron para preparar un biocompuesto basado en PLA. La médula de maíz fue modificada con éxito con el PA-THAM, la cual cosa se demostró por SEM / EDS, FTIR y TGA, el efecto de PA-THAM sobre la estabilidad térmica y el comportamiento al fuego del material compuesto a base de PLA también fueron investigados. La adición de 5 phr de PA-THAM permitió a este biocompuesto reforzado con fibras naturales (NPC) alcanzar una temperatura 50 °C más alta en el punto de degradación máximo comparado con la muestra de control sin aditivo. También se obtuvo una mejora en el comportamiento al fuego con un aumento del valor de LOI, una reducción del pico máximo del ritmo de liberación de calor (PHRR), y una mayor formación de residuo carbonizado. El mecanismo ignífugo predominante se centró en el efecto sinérgico del PA-THAM y la OCC que ocurrió en la fase condensada. Además, el mismo nivel de introducción de PA-THAM mejoró la afinidad interfacial entre PLA y OCC que también mantuvo buenas propiedades mecánicas. 3) Se prepararon muestras de un material de aislamiento térmico de base biológica a partir de médula de maíz, alginato y retardantes de llama de origen biológico. La adición del retardante de llama de base biológica logró mejorar significativamente el comportamiento al fuego, y el fenómeno de combustión sin llama (smouldering). En comparación con la muestra de referencia, el panel aislante con una carga de 8% en peso de una mezcla de PA-THAM y una sal de borato de sodio (DOT) aumentó la temperatura inicial a la que se produce la combustión sin llama en 70 ºC y, permitió reducir el valor de PHRR en un 25.5%. Además, la conductividad térmica apenas se vio afectada, mientras que la temperatura a la que se produce el valor máximo de degradación térmica aumentó notablemente. El análisis del mecanismo de acción de los retardantes reveló la existencia de un efecto sinérgico de ambos retardantes de llama, que promovió la formación de una capa de carbonización más estable en la etapa inicial.
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Puchot, Laura. "Cardanol : a bio-based building block for new sustainable and functional materials". Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CERG0828/document.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Récemment, la chimie des ressources renouvelables et les matériaux qui en découlent ont suscités un intérêt considérable dans le but de limiter l’utilisation des ressources fossiles. La présente thèse intitulée « Cardanol : a bio-based building block for new sustainable and functional materials » traite de la modification chimique du cardanol et de son utilisation dans diverses applications. Le cardanol est un dérivé phénolique naturel extrait de l’huile de coque de noix de cajou. Sa structure chimique est intéressante : il est substitué d’une chaîne alkyle en C15, partiellement insaturée, et il est porteur d’une fonction phénol, permettant d’envisager de nombreuses réactions chimiques.La première partie de cette étude traite de la synthèse et de la caractérisation de trois surfactants ammoniums issus du cardanol se différenciant par le degré de substitution de leurs amines. Leur capacité à favoriser l’exfoliation d’une argile lamellaire dans une matrice de type époxy a été étudiée dans le but de concevoir des matériaux composites.Le second chapitre décrit une nouvelle méthode de synthèse de monomères benzoxazines bio-basés et l’élaboration de réseaux polybenzoxazines à partir du cardanol. Une nouvelle génération de monomères benzoxazine, issus du cardanol ou de dérivés de la lignine tels que la vanilline, a récemment été développée. Cependant l’essentiel des benzoxazines bio-basées synthétisées jusqu’à présent sont monofonctionnelles ou présentent des températures de fusion trop élevées. Elles ne permettent donc pas l’élaboration de matériaux autosupportés valorisables. Afin de pallier ce problème, une synthèse originale de monomères benzoxazines asymétriques, reposant sur la combinaison de cardanol et de dérivés de la lignine, est décrite. Les matériaux autosupportés résultants présentent des propriétés améliorées par rapport à celles que ne pourraient atteindre les monomères symétriques issus de ces phénols bio-sourcés.Finalement, le troisième chapitre concerne l’utilisation d’un pré-polymère époxy issu du cardanol pour l’élaboration de matériaux époxy bio-basés. Cependant, en raison de la chaîne alkyle du cardanol, ce nouveau matériau présente une faible Tg et une forte prise en eau. Afin de renforcer ses propriétés thermo-mécaniques et de diminuer sa prise en eau, une modification chimique a été réalisé à l’échelle macromoléculaire par l’élaboration de réseaux interpénétrés de polymères à base de réseaux polybenzoxazines.Ces différents travaux ont permis de mettre en avant la modification aisée et versatile du cardanol, pouvant ainsi résulter en une large variété de synthons bio-basés et des matériaux qui en découlent. Ces travaux ouvrent la voie vers d’autres structures et architectures moléculaires aux applications nombreusesRecently, considerable interest of the chemistry of renewable ressources and their resulting materials has grown with a view to reduce the use of finite petroleum-based resources. The present thesis entitled « Cardanol: a bio-based building block for new sustainable and functional materials » is dealing with the chemical modification of cardanol and its use for various applications. Cardanol is a naturally occurring phenolic compound issued from cashew nutshell liquid. Its chemical structure is interesting because cardanol is bearing a phenolic hydroxyl function and an unsaturated alkyl chain in meta. Numerous chemical reactions can thus be considered for its chemical modification.The first part of this study is dealing with the synthesis and the characterization of three cardanol-based ammonium surfactants differing by their amine functionalities content. Their effectiveness on the exfoliation of silicate clay within an epoxy matrix was investigated with the aim to elaborate composit materials.The second chapter is describing a novel method for the synthesis of bio-based benzoxazine monomers and the elaboration of polybenzoxazine networks issued from cardanol. A new generation of benzoxazine monomers issued from cardanol or from lignin derivatives such as vanillin were recently developed. However, up to now, the majority of the synthetised benzoxazine monomers are mainly mono-functionnal or display too high melting temperatures. The elaboration of valuable self-standing materials is thus strongly impeded. To solve this problem, an innovative synthesis of asymmetric benzoxazine monomers by combination of cardanol and lignin derivatives is described. The resulting self-standing materials display improved properties in comparison to materials issued from symmetric bio-based monomers.Finally, the third chapter realtes to the use of a cardanol-based epoxy pre-polymer for the elaboration of bio-based epoxy materials. Nevertheless, this new material displays low Tg and high water uptake due to the alkyle side chain of cardanol. In order to reinforce the thermo-mechanical properties of the material and to reduce its water uptake, a chemical modification was achieved at the macromolecular scale by the elaboration of interpenetrating polymer networks with polybenzoxazine networks.These various studies allowed to highlight the easy and versatile modification of cardanol, resulting thus in a diversity of bio-based synthons and their resulting materials. This work paves the way to the elaboration of other chemical structures and molecular architectures for various applications
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VITALI, FORCONESI GABRIELLA. "Development of novel bio-based building blocks and their application in organic synthesis and materials science". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Genova, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11567/1000901.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In the progression of modern society, the inevitable exhaustion of fossil resources becomes an increasingly concerning matter. These resources are not only the basis of the energy production of the world but also the precursor for many important platform chemicals. Therefore, development of green and renewable alternatives to the chemicals used in the current industry has become necessary. Within this context, the aim of the present thesis was the development of new efficient methodologies for obtaining high added-value products starting from biomass, a renewable source. The bio-based building blocks obtained were subsequently employed for the synthesis of polyfunctionalized chemicals and of polymers.
The first part of the thesis focuses on the utilization of a bio-based meso diol for the synthesis of sugar derived structures, through the coupling of biocatalysis and multicomponent reaction (MCRs). These two different approaches are able to satisfy the requirements of an ideal approach, regarding selectivity (stereocontrol), efficiency and sustainability and their union with renewable feedstocks in a single integrated general strategy represents a powerful tool to achieve a sustainable synthesis. In particular, the work focused on the synthetic elaboration of the chiral molecules obtained through enzymatic desymmetrization to give enantiomerically pure building blocks to be used in diastereoselective Passerini reactions. In order to establish the synthetic usefulness of this new method, we demonstrated its application to the diversity-oriented synthesis of chiral, bio-based, oxygen heterocycles and to the target-oriented synthesis of Bengamides, a wide family of natural products of marine origin.
The second part of the thesis is dedicated to the synthesis of a lactam- based monomer derived from bio-based starting materials and its subsequent polymerization. The project involved the synthesis and polymerization of 3-methylene-2-piperidone (3M2Pip) monomers, targeting the synthesis of well-defined hydroxyl end functional P(3M2Pip), i.e. HO-P(3M2Pip). Once obtained end-functionalized 3M2Pip-based polymers we will use them as a macro-initiator for the synthesis of degradable polyester second blocks, applicable in drug delivery polymer materials.
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Chen, Tao. "UTILIZATION OF BIO-RENEWABLE LIGNIN IN BUILDING HIGH CAPACITY, DURABLE, AND LOW-COST SILICON-BASED NEGATIVE ELECTRODES FOR LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES". UKnowledge, 2017. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/cme_etds/75.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Silicon-based electrodes are the most promising negative electrodes for the next generation high capacity lithium ion batteries (LIB) as silicon provides a theoretical capacity of 3579 mAh g-1, more than 10 times higher than that of the state-of-the-art graphite negative electrodes. However, silicon-based electrodes suffer from poor cycle life due to large volume expansion and contraction during lithiation/delithiation. In order to improve the electrochemical performance a number of strategies have been employed, such as dispersion of silicon in active/inactive matrixes, devising of novel nanostructures, and various coatings for protection. Amongst these strategies, silicon-carbon coating based composites are one of the most promising because carbon coating is comparatively flexible, easy to obtain, and scalable with various industrial processes.
Low cost and renewable lignin, which constitutes up to 30% dry mass of the organic carbon on earth, is widely available from paper and pulp mills which produce lignin in excess of 50 million tons annually worldwide. It is a natural bio-polymer with high carbon content and highly interconnected aromatic network existing as a structural adhesive found in plants. Generally burnt for energy on site, lignin is gradually finding its way into high value-added products such as precursor for carbon fibers, active material in negative electrodes, and raw material for supercapacitors.
This dissertation focuses on high performance silicon-based negative electrodes utilizing lignin as the carbon precursor for conductive additive, binder, and carbon coating. To my knowledge this is one of the first works attempting to utilize and summarize the performance of lignin in silicon-based negative electrodes. The first part of the dissertation shows that silicon-lignin composites treated at 800 ºC displayed good capacity and cycling performance. The second part goes to generalize the effect of temperature on silicon-lignin composites and shows that a low temperature treatment granted an electrode with superior performance and cycling properties owing to the preservation of polymeric properties of lignin. The final part of the dissertation discusses the current research trends in SiOx based negative electrodes and extends lignin to that field.
This dissertation will, hopefully, provide knowledge and insight for fellow researchers wishing to utilize lignin or other renewable resources in devising advanced battery electrodes.
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Rosa, Latapie Séverine. "Modélisation et optimisation des performances thermiques des matériaux bio et géosourcés par approche multi-échelle : apport à la valorisation d'une large gamme de co-produits agricoles". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Toulouse (2023-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024TLSES152.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Face aux défis du 21° siècle, les questions énergétiques et environnementales sont au cœur des préoccupations de nos sociétés. Le secteur du bâtiment, parmi les plus impactants, doit s'emparer de cette réalité pour opérer une transition à la fois rapide, pertinente et durable. L'utilisation de matériaux de construction bio et géo-sourcés permet d'améliorer le confort intérieur et l'efficacité énergétique du bâti tout diminuant l'impact environnemental de la construction. Dans ce cadre, le béton de chanvre est une alternative prometteuse qui se développe depuis plusieurs années. Cependant, de nombreux co-produits agricoles -autres que la chènevotte- peuvent être valorisés dans les matériaux de construction. Ces derniers sont, de surcroît, largement disponibles grâce aux différentes cultures implantées localement (tournesol, colza, lin, ...). Toutefois, de nombreux freins expliquent l'assurabilité délicate de ces éco-matériaux, ce qui limite aujourd'hui leur utilisation à grande échelle à des fins d'isolation répartie. Leur comportement complexe, face aux variations de température et d'humidité relative, est probablement un des principaux verrous à lever. Ces travaux de thèse visent donc à mieux comprendre les phénomènes physiques qui s'opèrent dans ces matériaux, à les modéliser et à proposer des modèles de prédiction de leur comportement thermique. Ils s'appuient principalement sur des techniques d'homogénéisation analytique (Mori Tanaka et Double Inclusion) permettant de considérer la variabilité de la conductivité thermique sous les contraintes d'usage. La considération d'une échelle stratégique, celle de la particule végétale, permet une application étendue à une large gamme de co-produits agricoles. Ainsi, l'analyse multi-échelle proposée permet de prédire et d'optimiser le comportement thermo-hygrique de ces éco-matériaux avant même l'étape de fabrication et en appui des travaux expérimentaux. Ces travaux devraient favoriser l'émergence d'économies locales autour de matériaux de construction sains, efficaces et écologique. Ils constituent des leviers stratégiques à la réduction des émissions de gaz à effet de serre visée par le Pacte Vert pour l'Europe, d'ici 2030The challenges of the 21st century require energy and environmental issues to be central concerns for society. The building sector, one of the most environmentally-impacting, must seize this opportunity to ensure a rapid, relevant and sustainable transition. The use of bio- and geo-based building materials allows improvements in indoor comfort and energy efficiency to be achieved, while reducing the building environmental impact. Hemp concrete is a promising alternative which has been developing for several years. However, many agricultural by-products - other than hemp shives - can be used in construction materials. Moreover, they are widely available thanks to the various local crops (sunflower, rapeseed, flax, etc.). Nevertheless, numerous obstacles explain the delicate insurability of these eco-materials, which currently limits their large-scale use for distributed insulation. Their complex behavior, when subjected to temperature and relative humidity variations, is probably one of the main obstacles to be overcome. The aim of this thesis work is therefore to gain a better understanding of the physical phenomena involved in these materials, to model them and to propose models for predicting their thermal behavior. It is mainly based on analytical homogenization techniques (Mori Tanaka and Double Inclusion) allowing the variability of thermal conductivity to be taken into account under use conditions. By considering a strategic scale, the plant particle one, it is possible to extend the approach to a wide range of agricultural co-products. The proposed multi-scale analysis enables the thermo-hygric behavior of these eco-materials to be predicted and optimized even before the manufacturing stage, and as a support for experimental work. This research is expected to encourage the emergence of local economies based on healthy, efficient and environmentally-friendly construction materials. They represent strategic levers in the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions targeted by the Green Pact for Europe between now and 2030
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Wu, Dongxia. "Experimental and numerical study on passive building envelope integrated by PCM and bio-based concrete". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0104.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Les économies d'énergie et la réduction des émissions des gaz à effet de serre dans le secteur du bâtiments ainsi que le maintien d’un confort hygrométrique prennent une importance majeur ces dernières décennies. L'utilisation de matériaux à changement de phase (MCP) ou de matériaux hygroscopiques d'origine végétale pour l'enveloppe des bâtiments est une solution prometteuse. Les MCP conduit à améliorer le confort thermique intérieur et à réduire la consommation d'énergie, tandis que les matériaux hygroscopiques biosourcés sont des matériaux respectueux de l'environnement et permettent la régulation de l'humidité intérieure et assure une isolation thermique optimale. Cependant, seules quelques études ont exploré l'application l’intégration de ces deux types de matériaux et analysé de manière exhaustive les performances énergétiques et hygrothermiques. Cette thèse propose une solution d'enveloppe passive qui intègre le PCM et le béton de chanvre biosourcé pour améliorer simultanément les performances énergétiques, et hygrothermiques du bâtiment. Les principaux objectifs de cette étude sont d'examiner la faisabilité des enveloppes intégrées, d'étudier de manière exhaustive les performances hygrothermiques et énergétiques ainsi que les avantages et les inconvénients de différentes configurations avec le PCM placé à différents endroits du béton de chanvre.Tout d'abord, des expériences ont été menées en comparant les performances hygrothermiques d'une enveloppe de référence (béton de chanvre uniquement) et de trois enveloppes intégrées avec du MCP placé à différents endroits dans deux conditions limites typiques. Les résultats ont montré la faisabilité des enveloppes intégrées. La présence de PCM a augmenté les inerties thermique et hygrique de l'enveloppe. Par conséquent, le déphasage a été augmenté et l'amplitude de la température et de l'humidité relative a été réduite. Les différentes configurations présentaient des avantages et des inconvénients différents. La configuration dans laquelle le MCP est placé au milieu du béton de chanvre est intéressante car elle présente une faible fluctuation et un dephasage interessant à la fois pour les variations de la température et de l'humidité relative, et conduit ainsi à de grandes économies d'énergie.Ensuite, le modèle physique i, de transfert de la chaleur et de l’humidité, à l’échelle de l'enveloppe a été développé. Ce modèle intègre la dépendance de la température et de la caractéristique hygroscopique du béton de chanvre. La précision du modèle a été validée par comparaison avec les données expérimentales. Sur la base du modèle validé, les simulations ont été effectuées dans un climat méditerranéen afin d'étudier de manière exhaustive les performances hygrothermiques et énergétiques de l'enveloppe intégrée. Les résultats ont mis en évidence le rôle indispensable du transfert d'humidité dans la détermination de la charge hugrothermique, ainsi que l'effet précieux de l'enveloppe sur l'amélioration des performances énergétiques et hygrothermiques. En outre, l'enveloppe intégrée avec le PCM proche de (mais pas en contact avec) l'intérieur a montré un grand potentiel pour économiser de l'énergie et s'adapter aux variations d'humidité du climat tout en garantissant l'équilibre de l'humidité dans le béton de chanvre. Enfin, l'analyse paramétrique a été réalisée du point de vue des propriétés du MCP (épaisseur, chaleur latente et plage de transition de phase), et le risque d'application (condensation et développement de moisissures) a été évalué. Les résultats de l'analyse paramétrique ont montré que les performances de l'enveloppe pouvaient être améliorées en augmentant l'épaisseur et la chaleur latente de MCP et en identifiant la plage de transition de phase appropriée du MCP. Les résultats de l'évaluation des risques ont confirmé que l'enveloppe ne présentait aucun risque de condensation et de développement de moisissuresWith the development of society, the demand for energy saving and carbon emission reduction in buildings as well as the indoor thermal and humidity environment comfort is gradually increasing. Using Phase change materials (PCMs) or bio-based hygroscopic materials as building envelopes are promising solutions. PCMs can improve indoor thermal comfort and reduce energy consumption, while bio-based hygroscopic materials are environment-friendly materials that enable indoor humidity regulation and thermal insulation. However, only a few studies have explored the integrated application of the two types of materials and comprehensively analyzed the energy and hygrothermal performance. This dissertation proposed a passive envelope solution that integrates PCM and bio-based hemp concrete (HC) to simultaneously improve the energy, thermal, and hygric performances of buildings. The main objectives of this study are to investigate the feasibility of the integrated envelopes, to comprehensively study the hygrothermal and energy performance as well as the advantages and disadvantages of different configurations with PCM placed in different locations of the HC, and to conduct the parametric analysis and evaluate the application risks of the integrated envelope.First, experiments were conducted by comparing the hygrothermal performance of a reference envelope (HC only) and three integrated envelopes with PCM placed in different locations under two typical boundary conditions. The results demonstrated the feasibility of the integrated envelopes. The presence of PCM increased the thermal and hygric inertia of the envelope. As a result, the time delay was increased and the temperature/relative humidity amplitude was decreased. Different configurations had different advantages and disadvantages. The configurations with PCM placed in the middle of the HC was worth noting as it had small temperature/relative humidity fluctuation, long temperature time delay, and large energy savings.Then, the mathematical model of the integrated envelope that couples heat and moisture transfer and considers the temperature dependence of HC’s hygroscopic characteristic was developed. The accuracy of the model was validated by comparison with the experimental data. Based on the validated model, the simulations were performed in a Mediterranean climate to comprehensively investigate the hygrothermal and energy performance of the integrated envelope. The results highlighted the indispensable role moisture transfer plays in determining the indoor hygric environment and heat load, as well as the valuable effect of the integrated envelope on improving both energy and hygrothermal performance. Besides, the integrated envelope with PCM close to (but not in contact with) the interior showed great potential for saving energy and adapting to climate humidity variation while guaranteeing moisture equilibrium within the HC.Finally, the parametric analysis was performed from the perspective of PCM properties (thickness, latent heat, and phase transition range), and the application (condensation and mold growth) risk was evaluated. The results of the parametric analysis illustrated that the performance of the integrated envelope could be improved by increasing the thickness and latent heat and identifying the appropriate phase transition range of the PCM. The risk evaluation results confirmed that the integrated envelope was free from the risk of condensation and mold growth
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Dovberg, Ludvig, e Löfgren Tobias. "LERGJORD : Stampad lerjord som ett innovationsmaterial i Skåne". Thesis, Malmö universitet, Institutionen för Urbana Studier (US), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-44670.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Lergjord is a thesis that puts emphasis on the possibility of innovation by using local biobased material in the building industry of Skåne in Sweden. The thesis examines if rammed earth can be used in the implementation of LFM30 (Translated into English: Local Sustainable Goals in Malmö by 2030). By use of qualitative research methods, views on rammed earth as a building technique was explored by three stakeholders. This research has concluded if rammed earth is possible in Skåne as a conventional material in the future. We (Ludvig Dovberg and Tobias Löfgren) have examined the practical aspect of rammed earth on Urban Living Lab in the municipality of Lund by the use of local clay material from excavation for an expansion of a new railway between Malmö and Lund in collaboration with Trafikverket. This thesis concludes that rammed earth is feasible with clay from the excavation masses through project LERGJORD. Also, due to the vast quantity of it the resource might be useful for future rammed earth projects in Skåne. However, the building technique itself has some major drawbacks such as time-consumption and the knowledge gap is easily addressed. Although, there has been a development of a pre-fabrication concept of the building technique in Germany since the late 1990s, that could be a solution to the problem. The thesis also concludes that higher education and research is compulsory to establish a knowledge base for architects to work by. The case study showcased that a standardization of the material is needed to prevent vast material testing before being accepted for construction, like the Lehmbau-praxis in Germany. According to the material’s low impact in CO₂-emission and circularity this resourceful extraction could be of interest by the members of LFM30 to implement in the building industry of Skåne.Lergjord är ett arbete som undersöker möjligheten till innovation genom att utnyttja lokala biobaserade material i Skåne i Sverige. Arbetet undersöker om stampad jordbyggnad kan användas för att genomföra de Lokala Färdplansmålen som Malmö Stad sätter fram till år 2030 (förk. LFM30). Genom kvalitativa forskningsmetoder undersöktes stampad lerjord som byggnadsteknik hos tre intressenter. Studien har sammanfattat möjligheten om hur stampad lerjord i Skåne kan bli ett konventionellt byggmaterial i framtiden. Vi (Ludvig Dovberg och Tobias Löfgren) har utvärderat den praktiska aspekten i stampad lerjord på Urban Living Lab i Lund med användandet av lokal lerjord från utgrävningar av tillbyggnation för järnvägsspår mellan Malmö och Lund i samarbete med Trafikverket. Arbetet visar att stampjordstekniken är möjlig med utvunnen lera från schaktmassorna mellan Lund och Malmö med hänvisning till projekt LERGJORD. Med tanke på den stora kvantitet av lera som finns kan denna utvinning vara användbar för andra projekt i Skåne. Hursomhelst, byggtekniken besitter på utmaningar såsom tidskrav och kunskapsluckan är tämligen lätt att adressera. Trots det, har ett prefabriceringskoncept inom byggtekniken utvecklats sedan slutet på 1990-talet i Tyskland, som kan vara en lösning på problemet. Arbetet tyder också på att högre utbildning och forskning krävs för att etablera en kunskapsbas som arkitekter kan arbeta vidare på. Fallstudien visar på att en standardisering av materialet krävs för att undvika långa och omständliga materialtester innan godkännande för konstruktion, likt Lehmbau-lagstiftningen i Tyskland. Materialets låga klimatpåverkan och cirkularitet gör det relevant för LMF30’s medlemmar att se vidare på alternativet för implementering i den skånska byggindustrin.
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Niang, Ibrahim. "Contribution à la certification des bâtiments durables au Sénégal : cas d'étude des matériaux de construction biosourcés à base de Typha". Thesis, Reims, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REIMS030.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Ces travaux de thèse s'inscrivent dans le cadre du projet PNEEB/Typha (Programme National d’Efficacité Energétique des Bâtiments) pour la valorisation d’un roseau invasif, le Typha Australis, comme isolant thermique pour améliorer l’efficacité énergétique des bâtiments au Sénégal. Un agromatériau à base de terre argileuse et de granulats de Typha Australis est élaboré afin d’évaluer l’influence de la morphologie et de la quantité de fibres sur le comportement du matériau. Pour cela, deux modes de production de granulats sont choisis : Une découpe longitudinale et une découpe transversale. Les propriétés physiques sont étudiées (taux de porosité, densité apparente et absolue, microstructure) et la tenue mécanique est déterminée. L'absorption acoustique est également évaluée, de même que les propriétés hygrothermiques et le comportement au feu. Les résultats montrent que la morphologie du granulat de Typha affecte le comportement en flexion, cisaillement et l’absorption acoustique. Son impact sur le comportement de compression est moins prononcé. Une portion plus importante de fibres de Typha réduit la résistance mécanique. En revanche, les performances hygrothermiques sont accrues en raison de la porosité de ces granulats. La fraction transversale de Typha permet d’améliorer la résistance thermique et d’accroitre les phénomènes de transfert de la vapeur d'eau. Cette étude a également permis de montrer que ces matériaux sont d'excellents régulateurs d'humidité. Enfin, les tests au feu révèlent qu’il s’agit de combustibles ininflammables en raison de la présence d'argile. L’influence de la morphologie des granulats n’est pas relevéeThis work is a part of PNEEB/Typha project (National Program for Energy Efficiency of Buildings) for the valorisation of an invasive reed, the Typha Australis, as a thermal insulator to improve the energy efficiency of buildings in Senegal. An agromaterial based on clay soil and Typha Australis is elaborated in order to evaluate the influence of the amount and fibres morphology on the material behaviour. For this, two production mode of granulates are chosen: longitudinal and transversal cut. Physical properties are studied (porosity, apparent, and absolute density, microstructure) and mechanical strength is determined. Sound absorption is also evaluated, as well as hygrothermal properties, and fire behaviour. Results show that granulate morphology affects the mechanical shear and flexure behaviour, as well as the acoustic absorption. Its impact on the compression strength is less pronounced. A greater portion of Typha fibers reduces the mechanical strength. However, hygrothermal performances are increased due to the aggregates porosity. Typha transverse fraction improves thermal resistance and increase water vapor transfer. This study also shows that these materials are excellent moisture regulators. Finally, fire tests reveal that it can be classified as combustible but non-flammable due to the clay presence. The fibres shape does not have a great influence
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Claude, Sophie. "Étude expérimentale et numérique de solutions basées sur les éco-matériaux pour la rénovation thermique du patrimoine bâti urbain". Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ISAT0008/document.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Concilier patrimoine et amélioration de la performance énergétique du bâti ancien est un défi pour de nombreux centres historiques. La Communauté d’Agglomération du Grand Cahors, qui finance ce travail de thèse à travers une convention CIFRE, a souhaité s’attaquer à cette problématique en valorisant des isolants bio-sourcés. Le choix du matériau et du système d’isolation sont essentiels car ils influencent à la fois la performance hygrothermique de la paroi, la qualité de l’air intérieur, le coût et l’empreinte carbone de la rénovation. Dans cette étude, nous nous sommes focalisé sur la performance hygrothermique de la paroi afin d’assurer que la mise en place d’une isolation par l’intérieur ne soit pas source de dégradations futures de la paroi. Pour cela, nous avons confronté différents outils et méthodes tels que la caractérisation physique des matériaux, une instrumentation in-situ dans deux appartements du centre ancien de Cahors et des simulations hygrothermiques alliant différents outils numériquesImproving the energy efficiency of buildings is essential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate against climate change. Historic dwellings represent a large part of the French building stock that needs to be refurbished. In the city center of Cahors, France, the old medieval dwellings are considered as valuable cultural heritage and internal insulation is often the only insulation technique that can be used when the architectural value of the exterior façade is to be preserved. This PhD thesis, funded by a CIFRE agreement with the Communauté d’Agglomération du Grand Cahors, studied the suitability of bio-based materials for the internal insulation of historical dwellings in urban area. The selection of the insulation material and the system is crucial because of its impact on the hygrothermal performance of the wall, the indoor air quality, the financial cost, and the carbon footprint of the refurbishment solution. In this study we focused on the hygrothermal performance of the walls to provide a reliable risk assessment in order to avoid hygrothermal failure. Due to the complexity of the problem and the lack of needed data, we ran a multi-scale study including both experimental (laboratory characterisation and building monitoring) and numerical modelling methods
Libri sul tema "Bio-based building materials"
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Amziane, Sofiane, Ildiko Merta e Jonathan Page, a cura di. Bio-Based Building Materials. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-33465-8.
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Amziane, Sofiane, e Florence Collet, a cura di. Bio-aggregates Based Building Materials. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1031-0.
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Amziane, Sofiane, Laurent Arnaud e Noël Challamel, a cura di. Bio-aggregate-based Building Materials. Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118576809.
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Amziane, Sofiane, e Mohammed Sonebi. Bio-Based Building Materials. Trans Tech Publications, Limited, 2022.
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Amziane, Sofiane, e Mohammed Sonebi. Bio-Based Building Materials. Trans Tech Publications, Limited, 2022.
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Delannoy, Guillaume. Bio-aggregates Based Building Materials. Springer Nature, 2017.
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Jones, Dennis, e Christian Brischke. Performance of Bio-Based Building Materials. Elsevier Science & Technology, 2017.
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Performance of Bio-based Building Materials. Elsevier, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/c2015-0-04364-7.
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Dikmen, Ne¿e, e Jan Bredenoord. Performance of Bio-Based Building Materials. Excelic Press LLC, 2018.
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Jones, Dennis, e Christian Brischke. Performance of Bio-Based Building Materials. Elsevier Science & Technology, 2017.
Cerca il testo completoCapitoli di libri sul tema "Bio-based building materials"
1
Sandak, Anna, Jakub Sandak, Marcin Brzezicki e Andreja Kutnar. "Portfolio of Bio-Based Façade Materials". In Bio-based Building Skin, 155–77. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3747-5_6.
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Marceau, Sandrine, e Guillaume Delannoy. "Durability of Bio-based Concretes". In Bio-aggregates Based Building Materials, 167–87. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1031-0_8.
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Picandet, Vincent. "Characterization of Plant-Based Aggregates". In Bio-aggregate-based Building Materials, 27–74. Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118576809.ch2.
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Lanos, Christophe. "Bio-aggregate Based Building Materials Exposed to Fire". In Bio-aggregates Based Building Materials, 149–65. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1031-0_7.
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Nozahic, Vincent, e Sofiane Amziane. "Environmental, Economic and Social Context of Agro-Concretes". In Bio-aggregate-based Building Materials, 1–26. Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118576809.ch1.
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Escadeillas, Gilles, Camille Magniont, Sofiane Amziane e Vincent Nozahic. "Binders". In Bio-aggregate-based Building Materials, 75–116. Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118576809.ch3.
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Lanos, Christophe, Florence Collet, Gérard Lenain e Yves Hustache. "Formulation and Implementation". In Bio-aggregate-based Building Materials, 117–52. Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118576809.ch4.
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Arnaud, Laurent, Sofiane Amziane, Vincent Nozahic e Etiennec Gourlay. "Mechanical Behavior". In Bio-aggregate-based Building Materials, 153–78. Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118576809.ch5.
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Arnaud, Laurent, Driss Samri e Étienne Gourlay. "Hygrothermal Behavior of Hempcrete". In Bio-aggregate-based Building Materials, 179–242. Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118576809.ch6.
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Glé, Philippe, Emmanuel Gourdon e Laurent Arnaud. "Acoustical Properties of Hemp Concretes". In Bio-aggregate-based Building Materials, 243–66. Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118576809.ch7.
Testo completoAtti di convegni sul tema "Bio-based building materials"
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Carcassi, Olga Beatrice, Guillaume Habert, Laura Elisabetta Malighetti e Francesco Pittau. "How can a Climate-Neutral Building Look Like?" In 4th International Conference on Bio-Based Building Materials. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/cta.1.279.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The climate crisis is urging us to act fast. Buildings are a key leverage point to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, but the embodied emissions related with their construction remain often the hidden challenge of any ambitious policy. Considering that a complete material substitution is not possible, we explore in this paper a material GHG compensation where fast-growing bio-based insulation materials are used to compensate building elements that necessarily release GHG. Looking for analogies with other human activities, different material diets as well as different building typologies are modelled to assess the consequences in term of bio-based insulation requirement to reach climate-neutrality. The material diets are defined according to the gradual use of herbaceous materials, from the insulation up to the structural level: omnivorous, vegetarian and vegan. Our results show the relationship in terms of volume between the climate intensive materials and the climate-negative ones needed to neutralize the overall building GHG emissions. Moreover, they suggest how climate-neutral building can look like and that it is possible to have climate-neutral buildings with wall thickness within the range of current construction practices.
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Nouali, Mohammed, Mickael Saillio e Elhem Ghorbel. "Recovery of Excavated Materials as an Alternative Solution to Earth Building Materials". In 4th International Conference on Bio-Based Building Materials. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/cta.1.513.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The tunnel excavation works generate huge quantities of earth. These excavated materials are primarily stored in landfills. This paper proposes an alternative solution for valorizing excavated earth in earthen constructions. Firstly, the excavated earth was characterized using differential and gravimetric thermal analysis (DTA / TGA), infrared spectra (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction. Hence, sand, fine particles, and water extracted from excavated earth are used to elaborate mortars’ stabilized with cement, lime, and slag. Short hemp fibers were also used to diminish shrinkage cracks. The quantity of stabilizers was fixed to 5% by weight of the excavated earth while the water/solid ratio was maintained constant and equal to 0.45. Five different mortar formulations were performed using excavated earth and were cured for 28 days in a controlled environment before testing. Compressive and three-point flexural tests were carried out to determine specimens’ mechanical properties. The characterization results show that the excavated earth are mainly composed of dolomite, calcite, quartz, and clay. While, the mechanical results show that the stabilized excavated earth with cement additive presents higher mechanical properties relative to the other additives.
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Audren, Mathieu, Simon Guihéneuf, Damien Rangeard e Arnaud Perrot. "Erosion Behaviour of Bio-Stabilised Earthen Materials". In 4th International Conference on Bio-Based Building Materials. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/cta.1.234.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Development of earthen building materials is one of the answers that the construction sector can provide to tackle the accelerated climate change issue. However, these materials present a wide variability, even at the local scale, and their water durability can be difficult to ensure. In order to improve their durability regarding water and avoid its prejudicial effect on earthen material’s properties, the stabilisation with bio-polymers is an increasingly studied solution. In this paper a ten-minute erosion drip test is developed and performed for various combinations of Breton earths and bio-based additions or surface treatments (linseed oil, xanthan gum, casein, alginate, vegetal varnish and tannins). The final pitting depths and eroded volumes are compared and the evolution of erosion during the test is monitored. These results are also linked to previously obtained water capillary absorption coefficients. The obtained results enable to highlight the impact of bio-based additions on erodibility of earthen materials: linseed oil and xanthan gum help to protect the earth-based samples from erosion. Other original parameters characterizing the erosion of the samples during the drip test are suggested. Limitations of this type of erosion tests are also brought out.
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Bocco, Andrea, e Martina Bocci. "Reflections on the Environmental Impact of 'Vegetarian' Buildings, and on the Reliability of Databases". In 4th International Conference on Bio-Based Building Materials. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/cta.1.395.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper proposes some considerations stemming from the analysis of fourteen ecologically oriented buildings, that show different approaches to “vegetarian architecture” – a theoretical stance based on principles learnt from agriculture and nutrition. The research includes a systematic investigation of the constructional characteristics of each building, and the inventorisation of their components. The ‘cradle to gate’ embodied energy and ‘embodied carbon’ were then calculated, based on two open access databases, ICE and Ökobaudat. The comparison of the results allowed a discussion of the design solutions in terms of building form, as well as of efficient use of building materials and construction technologies. The interest in verifying whether such ‘vegetarian’ buildings have a lower environmental impact than conventional buildings led to note that at the present time there is still a lack of credible benchmarks. The sometimes disorienting discrepancy between the two databases and their change over time suggested a reflection on the databases’ assumptions and their reliability. It was also found that mainstream databases are ill-suited to calculate the impact of ‘vegetarian’ constructions, as they don’t cover organically grown, little processed building materials, which imply labour-intensive building technologies.
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Abdellatef, Yaser, Miroslava Kavgic e Reza Foruzanmehr. "Thermal and Moisture Buffering Properties of Novel Hemp-Lime Composites Integrated with Microencapsulated Phase Change Materials". In 4th International Conference on Bio-Based Building Materials. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/cta.1.186.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Higher requirements for buildings' energy performance and indoor environmental quality have prompted new technologies such as latent heat storage with phase change materials capable of storing and releasing significant quantities of heat per unit mass near room temperature. Conventional building materials (e.g., gypsum, concrete) used for mixing with microencapsulated phase change materials (MPCM) often contain high embodied energy. Hempcrete is a sustainable biocomposite material that can significantly reduce a building's embodied energy and energy consumption while enhancing indoor environmental quality. This research aims to develop a new low-carbon latent heat storage material composed of hempcrete and MPCMs with improved hygrothermal properties for sustainable buildings. Eight hempcrete composites were created using different design mixes using hydrated lime, metakaolin, hydraulic lime, and recycled crushed brick. Furthermore, eight hempcrete-MPCM composites were made using two MPCM types, four MPCM melting temperatures, and two MPCM concentrations. The characterization of composites' thermal and moisture properties includes measuring thermal conductivity, volumetric heat capacity, and moisture buffer capacities. The findings suggest that the developed hempcrete-MPCM samples have a higher heat storage capacity than the hempcrete due to their higher volumetric heat capacity. Moreover, hempcrete-MPCM samples have lower thermal conductivity than hempcrete samples in the same density range and testing orientation. The average moisture buffering value for the hempcrete and HPCM samples of 2.78 and 2.76 (gm/m2 RH%), respectively, indicates excellent moisture buffering performance. The results suggest that the optimal integration of MPCMs requires a thorough consideration of the operating temperature and percentage of MPCMs within the hempcrete concerning the specific application and performance objectives.
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Bouzit, Said, Francesca Merli, Mohammed Sonebi, Sofiane Amziane, Cinzia Buratti e Mohammed Taha. "Investigation of Thermal, Mechanical and Acoustic Performance of Bio-Materials Based on Plaster-Gypsum and Cork". In 4th International Conference on Bio-Based Building Materials. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/cta.1.685.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The building sector is one of the biggest consumers of energy in the world and it is pushing the scientific community to find various alternative solutions to solve the problem of thermal insulation of buildings. Therefore, the selection of appropriate building materials is a major challenge for improving the thermal comfort and energy performance of buildings. In this scenario, the interest of plaster-based composites as insulating materials increases, in particular for new applications, as insulators for the building envelope, and this deserves to be studied. In this investigation, new plaster-based composites with cork were produced and tested at lab scale, in order to obtain cheap solutions with improved thermo-physical and acoustic performance. The results show that it is possible to improve the thermal, mechanical, and acoustic performance of construction biomaterials by using plaster as a binder and cork as a natural reinforcement: thermal conductivity was equal to 0.097 W/m.K, the compressive strength to about 2.30 MPa, and the transmission loss to about 40 dB. Keywords: Plaster-Gypsum; Cork; Thermal, Mechanical and Acoustic Properties.
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Malheiro, Raphaele, Adriana Ansolin, Christiane Guarnier, Jorge Fernandes, Lívia Cosentino, Sandra Silva e Ricardo Mateus. "Reed as a Thermal Insulation Material: Experimental Characterisation of the Physical and Thermal Properties". In 4th International Conference on Bio-Based Building Materials. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/cta.1.676.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The building sector plays a significant role in reducing global energy use and carbon emissions. In the European Union (EU), the building stock represents 40% of total energy use and in which cooling and heating systems represent over 50%. Portugal is one of the EU countries where the consequences of energy poverty are most evident due to the families' financial inability to adequately climate their homes. The reasons are several, but they are mainly linked to buildings' poor passive thermal performance, resulting from inadequate adaptation to the climatic context and reduced thermal insulation. Thus, it is necessary to develop solutions to increase buildings’ thermal performance and reduce their potential environmental impact, which arises mainly from the significant use of active systems. In this sense, natural building materials are a promising solution, reducing energy use and carbon emissions related to buildings. This research studies the potential use of reed found in Portugal (Arundo donax) as a thermal insulation material. Its physical characterisation and the influence of geometry configuration on its thermal performance are evaluated. Its durability was studied too. Reed stalks were used to carry out the physical and durability tests. A reed board (150 x 150 mm) was built, and its thermal performance was tested in a hotbox. According to the results, the characteristics of reeds found in Portugal make it suitable to be used as a building material. Furthermore, regardless of the configuration studied, the reeds have a satisfactory thermal performance to be used as thermal insulation, under the requirements defined by Portuguese thermal regulation, Re ≥ 0.30 (m2.oC)/W. There is a trend to the mould growth in the reed, but only under favourable conditions. Additionally, considering the abundance of reed throughout the Portuguese territory, this is an eco-friendly and low-cost option that gathers all requirements to be more used in the construction market.
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Maaroufi, Maroua, Kamilia Abahri, Alexandra Bourdot e Chady El Hachem. "3D Modelling of Hydric Transfers in Spruce Wood with Consideration of Sorption Hysteresis". In 4th International Conference on Bio-Based Building Materials. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/cta.1.743.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Buildings are responsible for a large portion of the total energy consumption, and have a heavy environmental impact. Wood is one of the most used bio-based building materials, as it helps reducing the environmental footprint of the construction sector. Spruce wood is widely available in France and therefore massively used in buildings. It has interesting thermal and acoustic insulation performances and a good hydric regulation property. Spruce wood microstructure is highly heterogeneous and multiphasic, which makes it harder to apprehend. On the other hand, sorption hysteresis phenomenon is responsible for the moisture accumulation in porous building materials. It is often neglected in hygrothermal transfers modelling, which leads to incorrect water content values. The aim of this work is to investigate the influence of the sorption hysteresis phenomenon on the hydric transfers of spruce wood. The heterogeneity of the microstructure is also considered through 3D tomographic reconstructions included in the modelling.
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Van Wylick, Aurélie, Elise Elsacker, Li Li Yap, Eveline Peeters e Lars de Laet. "Mycelium Composites and their Biodegradability: An Exploration on the Disintegration of Mycelium-Based Materials in Soil". In 4th International Conference on Bio-Based Building Materials. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/cta.1.652.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In the search for environmentally friendly materials, mycelium composites have been labelled as high potential bio-based alternatives to fossil-based and synthetic materials in various fields. Mycelium-based materials are praised for their biodegradability, however no scientific research nor standard protocols exist to substantiate this claim. This research therefore aims to develop an appropriate experimental methodology as well as to deliver a novel proof of concept of the material’s biodegradability. The applied methodology was adapted from a soil burial test under predefined laboratory conditions and hands-on preliminary experiments. The mycelium composite samples were placed in a nylon netting and then buried in potting soil with a grain size of 2 mm for different time-intervals ranging between one and sixteen weeks. Results showed that mycelium, which acted as the binder, had the tendency to decompose first. A weight loss of 43% was witnessed for inert samples made of the fungal strain Ganoderma resinaceum and hemp fibres after sixteen weeks. The disintegration rate in this method however depended on various parameters which were related to the material’s composition, its production method and the degradation process which involved the used equipment, materials and environmental properties.
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Achour, Chafic, Naima Belayachi e Brahim Ismail. "Experimental Analysis of the Behavior of Straw Biocomposite Exposed to High Temperature". In 4th International Conference on Bio-Based Building Materials. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/cta.1.156.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In view of the climate emergency and the need for energy transition, the use of materials with low environmental impact based on plant co-products or from recycling is strongly encouraged. Biobased materials have been developed in recent years and have shown interesting performances, particularly for the thermal insulation of buildings. Nevertheless, their use is still hampered by the lack of rules for their use and control of their behaviour in normal or accidental conditions of use such as excess water or fire. In this work, the behaviour of biocomposites based on cereal straw exposed to high temperatures was studied. The objective is to evaluate the effect of this temperature increase on the mechanical strength of the material and its thermal properties using different heating scenarios. The biocomposites considered for this study were developed as part of the PEPITE project funded by the “Region Centre Val de Loire”. They are materials composed of two different binders: lime, and plaster, straw aggregates and additives (air entraining agent, casein protein and biopolymer). In order to simulate fire, two temperatures were chosen for the study 200°C and 210°C, using four different heating rates to study their impact on the behaviour of dry and wet conditions of biocomposites. The purpose of this tests is to examine whether the material retains its insulating properties and its buildability. The results showed that the use of additives had negative effects on the behaviour of the materials with respect to temperature increase. Their use accelerates the degradation and burning of biocomposites faster than for samples without additives. Plaster based composites show a better behavior to high temperature than lime-based composites. Nevertheless, lime composites have a higher strength than plasters. Furthermore, the thermal conductivity of plaster is lower than that of lime. It should be noted that the heating rate has a significant impact on the behaviour of the material, the slower the rate, the more the material is degraded.
Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Bio-based building materials"
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Zhang, Rui, Mengjia Tang, Emishaw Iffa e Andre Desjarlais. Developing a Database of Bio-based Materials for Building Envelope Applications. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), marzo 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/2372975.
Testo completo