Libri: "Binding, remnants used in"

1

David, Rundle, e Mandelbrote Scott, a cura di. Fragments of medieval manuscripts used as pastedowns in Oxford bindings: With a survey of Oxford binding c. 1515-1620. Oxford: Printed for the Oxford Bibliographical Society, 2004.

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2

Daniel, Epstein, e Eastern Region Road Maintenance Project (Nepal), a cura di. Bio-engineering for road protection in Nepal: Techniques used on the Jogbani-Basantapur road. [Kathmandu?]: Eastern Region Road Maintenance Project, 1993.

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3

Institute, Library Binding, a cura di. Long-term service life and performance characteristics of the PVA cold emulsion adhesives used for the double fanning process in library binding: Are PUR adhesives a viable alternative? [Rochester, N.Y.]: Library Binding Institute, 1991.

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4

Vickers, Dr Glen A. Faith and Belief: Remnants of Our Ancestry Used to Enslave Our Minds. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2016.

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5

Rolph, John, Elizabeth Rolph e Erik Moller. Binding Arbitration is Not Frequently Used to Resolve Health Care Disputes. RAND Corporation, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.7249/rb9030.

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6

Zaehnsdorf, Joseph William. A Short History Of Bookbinding: And A Glossary Of Styles And Terms Used In Binding. Kessinger Publishing, LLC, 2009.

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7

The Unknown Masterpiece: Signed Limited Edition of 50 Copies with Original Paintings Used for the Binding. Enitharmon Press, 1996.

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8

Baauw, Sergio. The Acquisition of Binding and Coreference. A cura di Jeffrey L. Lidz, William Snyder e Joe Pater. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199601264.013.22.

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In this chapter the acquisition of pronouns and reflexives is discussed. It reviews several accounts of the so-called Delay of Principle B Effect, the absence of this effect in some languages, and the structural factors that influence its appearance in child language. It also discusses children’s alledged target-like performance on reflexives in several languages with different type of reflexives. The chapter concludes that provided a balanced experimental design is used, the experimental results point at early mastery of Principle A and B, and that children’s difficulties with the interpretation of pronouns and reflexives are to be found at the interfaces between syntax and discourse or semantics, and may be due to limited (syntactic) processing resources.

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9

Printer's Dictionary of Technical Terms; a Handbook of Definitions and Information about Processes of Printing; with a Brief Glossary of Terms Used in Book Binding. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2022.

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Stewart, A. A. Printer's Dictionary of Technical Terms; a Handbook of Definitions and Information about Processes of Printing; with a Brief Glossary of Terms Used in Book Binding. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2022.

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11

Stewart, A. A. The Printer's Dictionary of Technical Terms; a Handbook of Definitions and Information About Processes of Printing; With a Brief Glossary of Terms Used in Book Binding. Franklin Classics, 2018.

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Stewart, A. A. The Printer's Dictionary of Technical Terms; a Handbook of Definitions and Information About Processes of Printing; With a Brief Glossary of Terms Used in Book Binding. Franklin Classics, 2018.

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13

Zaehnsdorf, Joseph William, e Zaehnsdorf Zaehnsdorf. A Short History of Bookbinding and a Glossary of Styles and Terms Used in Binding, with a Brief Account of the Celebrated Binders and Patrons of ... Are Named, Description of Leathers, Etc. Franklin Classics Trade Press, 2018.

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14

Zaehnsdorf, Joseph William, e Zaehnsdorf Zaehnsdorf. Short History of Bookbinding and a Glossary of Styles and Terms Used in Binding, with a Brief Account of the Celebrated Binders and Patrons of Bookbinding from Whom the Various Styles Are Named, Description of Leathers, Etc. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2022.

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15

Zaehnsdorf, Joseph William, e Zaehnsdorf Zaehnsdorf. Short History of Bookbinding and a Glossary of Styles and Terms Used in Binding, with a Brief Account of the Celebrated Binders and Patrons of Bookbinding from Whom the Various Styles Are Named, Description of Leathers, Etc. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2018.

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16

Marciniak-Kajzer, Anna. Archaeology on Medieval Knights’ Manor Houses in Poland. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/8088-002-3.

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The relicts of medieval knights’ manor houses in Poland today are so called “grodziska stożkowate” (motte) - the anonymous hills having in themselves remnants of wooden buildings, exceptionally made of stone or brick and numerous tiny artifacts being the trace of the past household equipment. Unlike to the castles they are not so often visited but more often destroyed. The book presents the image of medieval knights’ manor houses, which we know due to archaeological excavations carried on for half a century. Description of buildings household equipment and movables used by the people of the past was completed by transfers from written sources which allows for better understanding the live of medieval knights’ family.

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Moonesinghe, Ramini, e Sue Mallett. Acute pain in patients with renal or hepatic impairment. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199234721.003.0015.

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The metabolism and excretion of many analgesic drugs will be altered in the presence of renal or hepatic impairment. Some analgesic drugs can cause renal or hepatic damage. Protein binding of drugs may be altered by hepatic reduction in production or uraemic displacement from binding sites. In renal disease, paracetamol is the simple analgesic of choice. Morphine can be used with care in mild to moderate renal disease, but fentanyl or oxycodone may be better alternatives. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs should be avoided in renal disease. In hepatic disease with significant impairment, doses of morphine must be reduced and the dosage interval lengthened. Fentanyl should be avoided in severe hepatic disease.

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18

Roy, Goode, Kronke Herbert e McKendrick Ewan, a cura di. Part I General Principles, 6 Harmonization and Regionalization. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198735441.003.0007.

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This chapter deals with regional harmonisation in commercial law, giving an overview of its instruments and most important institutions as well as its interaction with harmonisation at a global level. It first explores advantages and potential challenges of regional harmonisation. It then presents the most common instruments used by regional organisations to harmonise commercial law, be they binding such as conventions and supranational legislation or non-binding such as model laws or principles. Finally, it focuses on conflicts and coordination between global and regional harmonisation, highlighting in particular the means to recognise regional specificities and the participation of regional organisations in global law making and international negotiations (with special attention to the role played by a supranational organisation such as the European Union).

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Paul, Buckle. III Trust Arbitration as a Matter of National Law, 12 Trust Arbitration in Guernsey. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198759829.003.0012.

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In 2008, Guernsey adopted the Trusts (Guernsey) Law 2007, which provides in section 63(1) for a binding alternative dispute resolution (ADR) process for claims ‘founded on breach of trust’. Whilst this legislation is in many ways positive, it has been rarely if ever used. The reason seems to be that the legislation is still not regarded as a workable way of achieving finality due to perceived difficulties in securing proper representation of minor and unborn beneficiaries and achieving a binding resolution of trust disputes. Indeed, there appears to be a fundamental incompatibility between trusts and commercial arbitration that has not yet been overcome. This chapter considers why and what more might be done to improve on what is still surely a very promising legislative start.

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van Dorp, Eveline L. A., Douglas Eleveld, Erik Olofsen e Jaap Vuyk. Drug distribution and elimination in anaesthetic practice. A cura di Michel M. R. F. Struys. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642045.003.0012.

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An understanding of pharmacokinetics is vital for the practice of anaesthesia. Drugs are, after administration, distributed throughout the body to the effect site (mostly the brain) to exert their effects. This can be influenced by differences in protein binding, systemic blood flow, and concomitant medication. Elimination of drugs from the body is through two main routes: either unchanged through the kidneys or through metabolism by the liver (and consecutive excretion through the kidneys). This process depends on the amount of hepatic blood flow and the amount of hepatic extraction. This in turn depends on the amount of protein binding and the intrinsic hepatic clearance. The cytochrome P450 enzyme family also plays an important role in drug elimination. Individual differences in enzyme activity can lead to differences in drug effect and clearances. Changes in enzyme activity by enzyme induction and inhibition can also be of influence on drug clearance. Compartmental, non-compartmental, and physiologically based models, and various statistical approaches to estimate these models, may be used to analyze the distribution and elimination of anaesthetic agents.

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Roy, Goode, Kronke Herbert e McKendrick Ewan, a cura di. Part III Harmonization of General Contract Law, 16 Restatements of Contract Law. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198735441.003.0017.

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This chapter examines non-binding restatements of contract law, in particular the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts and the Principles of European Contract Law. It considers the nature, purposes, scope, sphere of application, and substantive content of these Principles (including freedom of contract, pacta sunt servanda, good faith, interpretation, adequate assurance of performance, specific performance, and other remedies and hardship and change of circumstances). The chapter considers the extent to which these Principles can be used in litigation and in arbitration and their relative advantages and disadvantages.

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Frank, Berman, e Bentley David. Book VII Treaties and Treaty-Making, 33 Treaties and other International Instruments—III Pact, Act, Modus Vivendi , Declaration, Exchange of Notes, Memorandum of Understanding. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198739104.003.0033.

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This chapter continues the typology of treaties begun in the previous chapter. ‘Pacts’ in an international context refer to formal agreements between States. ‘Act’ meanwhile constitutes a piece of international law-making and may embody the decisive terms of the treaty complex. ‘Modus vivendi’ is used for a temporary or provisional agreement. ‘Declarations’ may be defined under the general heading of ‘unilateral acts’. The treaty concluded in the form of an Exchange of Notes or letters is the most frequently used device for formally recording the agreement of two governments upon all kinds of transactions. An MOU records international ‘commitments’, but in a form and with wording which expresses an intention that it is not to be legally binding. Finally, the term ‘Final Act’ is normally used to designate a document recording the formal summary of the proceedings and outcome of an international conference.

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Frank, Berman, e Bentley David. Book VII Treaties and Treaty-Making, 32 Treaties and other International Instruments—II Treaty, Convention, Agreement, Protocol. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198739104.003.0032.

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This chapter discusses the most common forms of treaty instrument, namely those entitled ‘treaty’, ‘convention’, ‘agreement’, and ‘protocol’. Generally speaking, the designation ‘treaty’ has been reserved for international agreements of a particularly significant character, or to mark the political importance of the particular international agreement. The designation ‘convention’ tends to be utilized for multilateral treaties of a law-making type. The term ‘agreement’, like the term ‘treaty’ itself, is used to cover any meeting of minds, or an agreement intended to be binding, but usually of a less formal or significant nature than a treaty or convention. Finally, the word ‘protocol’ may, depending upon the context in which it is used, signify an addition to a treaty, a summary of official proceedings, or a technique of the proper method of doing things, including official etiquette.

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Mary F, Radford. III Trust Arbitration as a Matter of National Law, 8 Trust Arbitration in the United States Courts. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198759829.003.0008.

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This chapter discusses cases in the US state and federal courts in which arbitration has been used or sought to be used to resolve internal trust disputes. It begins with a discussion of situations in which all of the interested parties agree to take the dispute to arbitration (i.e. consensual arbitration). It then explores those cases in which the settlor includes a provision in the trust document that requires the parties to resolve disputes through binding arbitration. Because the beneficiaries typically do not sign the trust instrument itself, the question in these cases is the degree to which beneficiaries can be bound by this arbitration mandate. The chapter concludes with a description of four recent cases that illustrate the types of issues that parties and courts will encounter in the future as the use of arbitration in internal trust disputes becomes more prevalent

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Donald A, Timm. Part II Commentaries to Typical Sofa Rules, 29 Supplemental Arrangements. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198808404.003.0029.

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This chapter addresses some of the various types of ‘separate’, or supplemental, arrangements that have been developed under the NATO SOFA. Since 1951, it has become practice among NATO Member States and its new partners to provide for any modifications and supplements of the conditions laid down in the NATO SOFA by legally binding agreements concluded by or on behalf of the participating States rather than by informal instruments. The chapter provides some examples of each and what they are designed to accomplish. In some instances the language which has been used in such agreements are also provided. For the most part, examples are drawn from agreements to which the US is a party, either under the NATO SOFA, other stand-alone status-of-forces agreements (SOFAs), or agreements based on other authority that can be used to implement or supplement the SOFA.

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Dmoch, Wojciech, Bartłomiej Kołodziej, Michał Mioduszewski e Artur Mudrecki. Harmonisation of VAT in the Europe: Present and Future. Kozminski University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.7206/9788366502093.

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The monograph is intended to create a platform for discussion on the most important issues concerning the reform and future of the VAT system in the European Community. It will be a place for an effective exchange of reflections and experiences, including in terms of highlighting and presenting to international audiences Poland’s positive experiences with mechanisms, such as split payments, reverse charge and Binding Tariff Information. Conclusions resulting from the scientific discussion will certainly be able to be used not only in national VAT legislation, but also in the practice of tax administration facing the difficult task of maintaining the budgetary effectiveness of VAT as the main source of state tax revenue

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Gerard, McMeel. Part II Related Doctrines, 14 Formation and Certainty. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198755166.003.0014.

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This chapter surveys some modern approaches to the formation of contracts which illustrate the close similarity in the principles used in some formation cases and construction cases. Given that many formation cases turn upon the meaning and effect of language of correspondence, other documentary exchanges, so-called ‘letters of comfort’, and ‘letters of intent’, it is unsurprising that the techniques are closely related. In construing documentary exchanges to ascertain whether negotiations have crystallized into a binding contract, the principles of objectivity and contextualism are in evidence. The approach to background is wider as there is no restriction on the evidence which the court may consider. Whilst axiomatically the exercise in interpretation is one of ascertaining the content of contractual obligations, a similar technique is deployed where the question relates to the formation of a contract.

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Roscoe, Lucy. The Book Tree Press. University of Edinburgh, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2218/ed.9781836450580.

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The output is a collection of fifteen creative book works which explore how the formal and sculptural properties of the book can be used to communicate narrative. The research is an iterative, cumulative, practice-based approach to making books, where repetition leads to extended insights. Illustrated books currently sit within several fields including fine art, illustration, and design. Roscoe’s research invests the spaces between these fields to interrogate the way the physical book acts as a form of visual communication through materials, binding, shape, and audience interaction. Individual books from the output have been selected for inclusion in The Liverpool & Knowsley Book Art Exhibition, Kirby Gallery, Knowsley (2019) and ICON 10 Gallery Show, Red Bull House of Art, Detroit (2018). The entire collection has been selected annually, in different iterations, for exhibition at Artists’ BookMarket at The Fruitmarket Gallery, Edinburgh (2016–2020).

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Corsi, Ilaria, e Luis Fernando Marques-Santos, a cura di. Ecotoxicology in Marine Environments: The Protective Role of ABC Transporters in Sea Urchin Embryos and Larvae. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198786962.003.0018.

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Anthropogenic contaminants with the potential to disrupt biological functions enter aquatic ecosystems from a variety of sources, and pose a potential risk to the long-term sustainability of these ecosystems. Sea urchin embryos and larvae, largely used in developmental biology, have great sensitivity toward environmental perturbations, including several anthropogenic stressors. Much attention has recently been devoted to the sea urchin “chemical defensome,” or genes predicted to be involved in chemical defense to confer resilience and survival to developing embryos, with special attention to the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter genes. The present chapter discusses the role of ABC transporters as the first line of cell defense against both natural and anthropogenic toxicants and their relevance to ecotoxicological studies, including the identification of substrates or inhibitors among natural and anthropogenic toxins and contaminants as well as the circumvention of the multixenobiotic resistance phenotype in realistic exposure scenarios.

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Cowhey, Peter F., e Jonathan D. Aronson. Strategy and International Governance Regimes. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190657932.003.0005.

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Regime theory and policy precedents are used to propose a strategy for international governance reform. Bargaining issues tied to international “coordination” and “cooperation” are contrasted, suggesting a strategy to link coordination and cooperation mechanisms to reduce policy frictions. A regime design that relies on achieving a minimum baseline of authoritative international agreements mixing “soft” and “hard” government commitments is proposed. Soft rules are binding on governments, creating specific policy capabilities, not narrowly defining solutions. These baseline agreements reinforce confidence in good-faith conduct by countries while setting parameters that reduce divergence among varied national policies to achieve quasi-convergence of national policies. Governance, not policy, is the focus because private innovations by industry and civil society must complement government decisions and rules. Incorporating expert multistakeholder organizations from civil society into governance is needed to implement a strategy that stresses experimentation and flexibility in response to rapidly changing technological and economic circumstances.

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Loraine, Sievers, e Daws Sam. Ch.7 Decisions and Documents. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199685295.003.0007.

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This chapter discusses the procedures for coming to a consensus within the Security Council and communicating the decision to the broader public. The term ‘decision’ within this context also carries multiple meanings, and when applied in its narrowest sense is used to denote only those decisions of the Council which are intended to be mandatory or binding, as opposed to recommendations, exhortations, or expressions of opinion. Communications also possesses multiple definitions under the Council, as it is a complex and politically sensitive area of the Security Council's practice. Written communications are a primary means by which UN Member States and non-Member States bring disputes or situations ‘to the attention of’ the Security Council or the General Assembly. Another category obligates Member States to report immediately to the Council on measures taken in the exercise of the right of individual or collective self-defence if an armed attack occurs.

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Roy, Goode, Kronke Herbert e McKendrick Ewan, a cura di. Part I General Principles, 5 The Harmonization of Commercial Law: Instruments and Institutions. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198735441.003.0006.

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This chapter gives an overview of the instruments that are used to harmonise commercial law at an international level as well as of the international institutions that are most active in commercial law harmonisation. It opens with an introduction on the reasons and advantages of harmonisation and on the difference between substantive law and conflicts rule harmonisation. As regards the instruments, it highlights their variety and different nature and effects (ranging from the traditional treaties or conventions to facultative instruments such as model laws, other non-binding rules and principles, guides) and their respective advantages and drawbacks. As to the institutions, it focuses particularly on the mandate and achievements of the three most important global agencies in this field, that is the Hague Conference, UNIDROIT, UNCITRAL, as well as the International Chamber of Commerce, concluding with the issue of coordination of legislative activities at international level.

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Henry G, Burnett, e Bret Louis-Alexis. Part III Practice and Procedure, 16 The Amicable Resolution of International Mining Disputes. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198757641.003.0016.

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For many executives and other participants in the mining industry, litigation or arbitration is an avenue of last resort; the resolution of disputes is a priority. This chapter focuses on the informal resolution of international or domestic disputes, often referred to as alternative dispute resolution (ADR). The various forms of ADR differ from international arbitration in that they provide for a non-binding means to assist the parties in attempting to reach an amicable consensual resolution of the dispute. While mediation and conciliation are the most widely used form of non-arbitration ADR, parties also use other forms of ADR such as expert determinations, mini-trials, and neutral evaluations. One of the incentives for parties to amicably resolve an intentional mining dispute is that it gives them the opportunity to restore or improve the original bargain. The final section of the chapter discusses the timing and procedural steps of ADR.

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Knaggs, Roger D. The molecular structure of the μ‎-opioid receptor. A cura di Paul Farquhar-Smith, Pierre Beaulieu e Sian Jagger. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198834359.003.0038.

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The landmark paper discussed in this chapter describes the crystal structure of the μ‎-opioid receptor (also known as MOP-1). Opioids are some of the oldest known drugs and have been used for over 4,000 years; however, in addition to having beneficial analgesic effects, they are associated with a myriad of side effects that can minimize their use. Although the gene sequences of the opioid receptors were determined in the 1990s it has taken much longer to translate this into visualizing their three-dimensional structure. The μ‎-opioid receptor consists of seven transmembrane α‎-helices that are connected by three extracellular loops and three intracellular loops, with a wide open binding pocket which offers many potential ligand interaction sites, and evidence of dimerization. Understanding the crystal structure of the μ‎-opioid receptor in much more detail aids explanation of the molecular determinants of ligand recognition and selectivity and will be of use in designing novel opioids with improved efficacy and fewer side effects.

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Ray, Sumantra (Shumone), Sue Fitzpatrick, Rajna Golubic, Susan Fisher e Sarah Gibbings, a cura di. Data capture tools: case report form (CRF). Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199608478.003.0016.

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This chapter outlines the overall design process, highlights the aspects of design that are significant for the success of the case report form (CRF) and considers the effects of electronic data capture (EDC) in the production of electronic CRFs (eCRFs). It defines the purpose and regulatory requirements in designing a CRF. The chapter describes the data to be recorded in the CRF to answer the hypothesis being posed and collect safety data. The layout and design features are reviewed ensuring an aesthetically pleasing, easy to complete format is achieved. Hint and tips for CRF completion are described and the chapter shows how important question construction is in achieving the objectives of a CRF. The process of CRF printing is described and the different methods for binding and their importance in the production of a robust CRF. The pros and cons of Paper vs. eCRFs is described and the use of tablets and mobile phones being used for data capture is explored, Whatever the method of data capture the design features of the CFR will largely remain the same.

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Mathur, S. B., Sudhakar Bokephode e D. D. Balsaraf. Indian Business Case Studies Volume VI. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192869425.001.0001.

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Abstract The case volume includes Business Case Studies designed and developed based on current business and economic scenarios in India both based on published data and field search live case studies. These case studies enable effective adoption to case methodology of teaching for UG and PG studies in Business Management as also best suited for Management Development programs in business and industry. These case studies offer the best of opportunities and tools to be used in offline and online teaching and learning methodology especially help developing analytical skills and problem resolution techniques in the students of business management studies and young and aspiring business executives globally. Case volume VI en masse gives you a tour de force of case study method as a tool for bringing home the various aspects of business management. Volume VI is a force to reckon with. Once you pick up this volume, its compelling real-life stories of business hold you enthralled and you cannot keep the volume down till you have devoured them completely. The binding article ‘Why focus on Indian Business Case Studies?’ is a real teaser in wanting to understand the necessity and utility of Indian Business Case Studies in every nook and corner of business management across the globe.

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Hajj, Nadya. Protection Amid Chaos. Columbia University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7312/columbia/9780231180627.001.0001.

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The right to own property is something we generally take for granted. For refugees living in camps, in some cases for as long as generations, the link between citizenship and property ownership becomes strained. How do refugees protect these assets and preserve communal ties? How do they maintain a sense of identity and belonging within chaotic settings? Protection Amid Chaos follows people as they develop binding claims on assets and resources in challenging political and economic spaces. Focusing on Palestinians living in refugee camps in Lebanon and Jordan, it shows how the first to arrive developed flexible though legitimate property rights claims based on legal knowledge retained from their homeland, subsequently adapted to the restrictions of refugee life. As camps increased in complexity, refugees merged their informal institutions with the formal rules of political outsiders, devising a broader, stronger system for protecting their assets and culture from predation and state incorporation. For this book, Nadya Hajj conducted interviews with two hundred refugees. She consults memoirs, legal documents, and findings in the United Nations Relief Works Agency archives. Her work reveals the strategies Palestinian refugees have used to navigate their precarious conditions while under continuous assault and situates their struggle within the larger context of communities living in transitional spaces.

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Whitehouse, Harvey. The Ritual Animal. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199646364.001.0001.

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The ritual animal longs to belong. Rituals are a way of defining the boundaries of social groups and binding their members together. The ritual modes theory set out in this book seeks to unravel the psychology behind these processes, and to explain how ritual behaviour evolved, including how different modes of ritual performance have shaped global history over many millennia. Testing the theory has meant designing experiments run with children in psychology labs and on remote Pacific islands, gathering survey data with armed insurgents in the Middle East and Muslim fundamentalists in Indonesia, monitoring heart rate and stress among football fans in Brazil, and measuring changes in the brain as people observe traditional Chinese rituals in Singapore. The results of all this research point to new ways of addressing cooperation problems: from preventing violent extremism to motivating action on the climate crisis. Although this book is about the role of ritual in the evolution of social complexity, more broadly it models a new approach to the science of the social—an approach that is driven by real-world observation but grounded in the cognitive and evolutionary sciences. More ambitiously still, it shows how cumulative theory building can be used to deliver practical benefits for society at large, perhaps even addressing problems on a global scale by harnessing the formidable cohesive and cooperative capacities of the ritual animal.

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Hesselink, Martijn W. Justifying Contract in Europe. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192843654.001.0001.

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This book explores the normative foundations of European contract law. It addresses fundamental political questions on contract law in Europe from the perspective of leading contemporary political theories. Does the law of contract need a democratic basis? To what extent should it be Europeanized? What justifies the binding force of contract and the main remedies for breach? When should weaker parties be protected? Should market transactions be held legally void when they are immoral? Which rules of contract law should the parties be free to opt out of? Adopting a critical lens, the book interrogates utilitarian, liberal-egalitarian, libertarian, communitarian, civic republican, and discourse-theoretical political philosophies and analyses the answers they provide to these questions. It also situates these theoretical debates within the context of the political landscape of European contract law and the divergent views expressed by law makers, legal academics, and other stakeholders. The book moves beyond the acquis positivism, market reductionism, and private law essentialism that tend to dominate these conversations, and foregrounds normative complexity. It explores the principles and values behind various arguments used in the debates on European contract law and its future to highlight the normative stakes involved in the practical question of what we, as a society, should do about contract law in Europe. In so doing, it opens up democratic space for the consideration of alternative futures for contract law in the European Union, and for better justifications for those parts of the EU contract law acquis we wish to retain.

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Tennant, Neil. The Logic of Number. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192846679.001.0001.

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This book defines and develops the program of Natural Logicism for the natural, rational, and real numbers. The central method is to formulate rules of natural deduction governing variable-binding number-abstraction operators and other logico-mathematical expressions such as zero and successor. The introduction and elimination rules for a number-abstraction operator @ allow one to infer to, and away from, identity statements in the canonical form ‘t=@xΦ‎(x)’. These enable ‘single-barreled’ abstraction, in contrast with the ‘double-barreled’ abstraction effected by principles such as Frege's Basic Law V, or Hume's Principle. The logical system used for the foundational reasoning is free Core Logic. It handles non-denoting singular terms and allows only constructive and relevant reasoning. Natural Logicism imposes upon its account of the numbers four conditions of adequacy. First, one must show how it is that the various kinds of number are applicable in our wider thought and talk about the world. One does this by deriving all instances of three respective schemas: Schema N for the naturals, Schema Q for the rationals, and Schema R for the reals. These provide truth-conditions for statements deploying terms referring to numbers of the kind in question. Second, one must show how it is that the naturals sit among the rationals as themselves again, and the rationals likewise among the reals. Third, one should reveal enough of the metaphysical nature of the numbers to be able to derive the mathematician's basic laws governing them. Fourth, one should be able to demonstrate that there are uncountably many reals.

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William E, Butler. International Law in the Russian Legal System. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198842941.001.0001.

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This addition to the Elements of International Law series explores the role of international law as an integral part of the Russian legal system, with particular reference to the role of international treaties and of generally-recognized principles and norms of international law. Following a discussion of the historical place of treaties in Russian legal history and the sources of the Russian law of treaties, the book strikes new ground in exploring contemporary treaty-making in the Russian Federation by drawing upon sources not believed to have been previously used in Russian or western doctrinal writings. Special attention is devoted to investment protection treaties. The importance of publishing treaties as a condition of their application by Russian courts is explored. For the first time a detailed account is given of the constitutional history of treaty ratification in Russia, the outcome being that present constitutional practice is inconsistent with the drafting history of the relevant constitutional provisions. The volume gives attention to the role of the Russian Supreme Court in developing treaty practice through the issuance of "guiding documents" binding on lower courts, the reaction of the Russian Constitutional Court to judgments of the European Court of Human Rights, and the place of treaties as an integral part of the Russian legal system. Butler further explores the hierarchy of sources of law, together with other facets of Russian arbitral and judicial practice with respect to treaties and other sources of international law. He concludes with a consideration of the 'generally-recognized principles and norms of international law' and their role as part of the Russian system.

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