Articoli di riviste: "Bifidobacterium pseudolongum"

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Mao, Bingyong, Jiayu Gu, Dongyao Li, Shumao Cui, Jianxin Zhao, Hao Zhang e Wei Chen. "Effects of Different Doses of Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) on the Composition of Mice Fecal Microbiota, Especially the Bifidobacterium Composition". Nutrients 10, n. 8 (16 agosto 2018): 1105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10081105.

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Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) are a well-known class of prebiotic and are considered to selectively stimulate the growth of bifidobacteria in the gut. Previous studies focused on the growth stimulation of Bifidobacterium, but they did not further investigate the bifidobacterial composition and the specific species that were stimulated. In this study, mice were fed with FOS in different doses for four weeks and the composition of fecal microbiota, in particular Bifidobacterium, was analyzed by sequencing the V3–V4 region and the groEL gene on the MiSeq platform, respectively. In the high-dose group, the relative abundance of Actinobacteria was significantly increased, which was mainly contributed by Bifidobacterium. At the genus level, the relative abundances of Blautia and Coprococcus were also significantly increased. Through the groEL sequencing, 14 species of Bifidobacterium were identified, among which B. pseudolongum was most abundant. After FOS treatment, B. pseudolongum became almost the sole bifidobacterial species (>95%). B. pseudolongum strains were isolated and demonstrated their ability to metabolize FOS by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Therefore, we inferred that FOS significantly stimulated the growth of B. pseudolongum in mice. Further investigations are needed to reveal the mechanism of selectiveness between FOS and B. pseudolongum, which would aid our understanding of the basic principles between dietary carbohydrates and host health.

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Vasquez, Nadia, Antonia Suau, Fabien Magne, Philippe Pochart e Marie-Agnès Pélissier. "Differential Effects of Bifidobacterium pseudolongum Strain Patronus and Metronidazole in the Rat Gut". Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75, n. 2 (21 novembre 2008): 381–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01731-08.

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ABSTRACT In the luminal contents of metronidazole-treated rats, there was a dominant Bifidobacterium species. A strain has been isolated, its 16S rRNA gene has been sequenced, and the strain has been named Bifidobacterium pseudolongum strain Patronus. In this study, using an experimental model of healthy rats, the effects of metronidazole treatment and B. pseudolongum strain Patronus administration on the luminal and mucosa-associated microbiota and on gut oxidation processes were investigated. Metronidazole treatment and the daily gavage of rats with B. pseudolongum strain Patronus increased the numbers of bifidobacteria in cecal contents and in cecal mucosa-associated microbiota compared with those in control rats. Metronidazole reduced the colonic oxidative damage to proteins. This is the first evidence that B. pseudolongum strain Patronus exerts an effect on a biomarker of oxidative damage by reducing the susceptibility to oxidation of proteins in the colon and the small bowel. Antioxidant effects of metronidazole could be linked to the bifidobacterial increase but also to other bacterial modifications.

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Xiao, Yue, Jianxin Zhao, Hao Zhang, Qixiao Zhai e Wei Chen. "Colonized Niche, Evolution and Function Signatures of Bifidobacterium pseudolongum within Bifidobacterial Genus". Foods 10, n. 10 (27 settembre 2021): 2284. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10102284.

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Background: Although genomic features of various bifidobacterial species have received much attention in the past decade, information on Bifidobacterium pseudolongum was limited. In this study, we retrieved 887 publicly available genomes of bifidobacterial species, and tried to elucidate phylogenetic and potential functional roles of B. pseudolongum within the Bifidobacterium genus. Results: The results indicated that B. pseudolongum formed a population structure with multiple monophyletic clades, and had established associations with different types of mammals. The abundance of B. pseudolongum was inversely correlated with that of the harmful gut bacterial taxa. We also found that B. pseudolongum showed a strictly host-adapted lifestyle with a relatively smaller genome size, and higher intra-species genetic diversity in comparison with the other tested bifidobacterial species. For functional aspects, B. pseudolongum showed paucity of specific metabolic functions, and enrichment of specific enzymes degrading complex plant carbohydrates and host glycans. In addition, B. pseudolongum possessed a unique signature of probiotic effector molecules compared with the other tested bifidobacterial species. The investigation on intra-species evolution of B. pseudolongum indicated a clear evolution trajectory in which considerable clade-specific genes, and variation on genomic diversity by clade were observed. Conclusions: These findings provide valuable information for explaining the host adaptability of B. pseudolongum, its evolutionary role, as well as its potential probiotic effects.

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GAVINI, F., V. DELCENSERIE, K. KOPEINIG, S. POLLINGER, H. BEERENS, C. BONAPARTE e M. UPMANN. "Bifidobacterium Species Isolated from Animal Feces and from Beef and Pork Meat". Journal of Food Protection 69, n. 4 (1 aprile 2006): 871–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-69.4.871.

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Bifidobacteria were isolated from 122 of 145 samples of animal feces (from cattle, swine, sheep, goats, horses, rabbits, chickens, geese, and pigeons) from farms in France and Austria and from 92 of 955 production and processing chain samples of beef and pork (obtained at slaughter, cutting, and retail). Bacterial strains were identified to species by phenotypic numerical classification based on API 50CH and ID 32A tests and DNA-DNA hybridization. Bifidobacterium pseudolongum was present in 81% (99 of 122 samples) of all Bifidobacterium-positive fecal samples and predominated in samples from all animal species except those from swine from Austria. In these Austrian swine samples, the majority of strains were identified as Bifidobacterium thermophilum (78%), followed by B. pseudolongum (48%). The distribution of B. thermophilum and B. pseudolongum differed significantly between Austrian swine and cattle samples such as those collected along beef and pork production and processing chains. Bifidobacterium animalis was isolated from swine feces, and Bifidobacterium ruminantium was isolated from cow dung. Six fecal isolates (from cattle, swine, rabbits, goats, and horses) were identified as belonging to Bifidobacterium species of predominantly human origin: B. adolescentis, B. bifidum, and B. catenulatum. Only one other species, Bifidobacterium choerinum, was detected with low frequency in a pork processing chain. B. pseudolongum subsp. pseudolongum was predominant in pig feces, whereas B. pseudolongum subsp. globosum was predominant in feces from other animal species. Four strains closely related to both subspecies (58 to 61% DNA reassociation) formed a distinct genomic group. PCR techniques, which are more rapid and sensitive than culture-based methods, could be used to detect directly B. pseudolongum and B. thermophilum as indicators of fecal contamination along the meat processing chain.

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Yaeshima, Tomoko, Tomohiko Fujisawa e Tomotari Mitsuoka. "Bifidobacterium globosum, Subjective Synonym of Bifidobacterium pseudolongum, and Description of Bifidobacterium pseudolongum subsp. pseudolongum comb. nov. and Bifidobacterium pseudolongum subsp. globosum comb. nov." Systematic and Applied Microbiology 15, n. 3 (agosto 1992): 380–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0723-2020(11)80211-0.

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Turroni, Francesca, Elena Foroni, Paola Pizzetti, Vanessa Giubellini, Angela Ribbera, Paolo Merusi, Patrizio Cagnasso et al. "Exploring the Diversity of the Bifidobacterial Population in the Human Intestinal Tract". Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75, n. 6 (23 gennaio 2009): 1534–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02216-08.

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ABSTRACT Although the health-promoting roles of bifidobacteria are widely accepted, the diversity of bifidobacteria among the human intestinal microbiota is still poorly understood. We performed a census of bifidobacterial populations from human intestinal mucosal and fecal samples by plating them on selective medium, coupled with molecular analysis of selected rRNA gene sequences (16S rRNA gene and internally transcribed spacer [ITS] 16S-23S spacer sequences) of isolated colonies. A total of 900 isolates were collected, of which 704 were shown to belong to bifidobacteria. Analyses showed that the culturable bifidobacterial population from intestinal and fecal samples include six main phylogenetic taxa, i.e., Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium pseudolongum, Bifidobacterium breve, and Bifidobacterium bifidum, and two species mostly detected in fecal samples, i.e., Bifidobacterium dentium and Bifidobacterium animalis subp. lactis. Analysis of bifidobacterial distribution based on age of the subject revealed that certain identified bifidobacterial species were exclusively present in the adult human gut microbiota whereas others were found to be widely distributed. We encountered significant intersubject variability and composition differences between fecal and mucosa-adherent bifidobacterial communities. In contrast, a modest diversification of bifidobacterial populations was noticed between different intestinal regions within the same individual (intrasubject variability). Notably, a small number of bifidobacterial isolates were shown to display a wide ecological distribution, thus suggesting that they possess a broad colonization capacity.

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Neuzil-Bunesova, Vera, Gabriele Andrea Lugli, Nikol Modrackova, Marie Makovska, Jakub Mrazek, Chahrazed Mekadim, Sarka Musilova et al. "Bifidobacterium canis sp. nov., a novel member of the Bifidobacterium pseudolongum phylogenetic group isolated from faeces of a dog (Canis lupus f. familiaris)". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 70, n. 9 (1 settembre 2020): 5040–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.004378.

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A fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase-positive strain (GSD1FST) was isolated from a faecal sample of a 3 weeks old German Shepherd dog. The closest related taxa to isolate GSD1FST based on results from the EZBioCloud database were Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. animalis ATCC 25527T, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis DSM 10140T and Bifidobacterium anseris LMG 30189T, belonging to the Bifidobacterium pseudolongum phylogenetic group. The resulting 16S rRNA gene identities (compared length of 1454 nucleotides) towards these taxa were 97.30, 97.23 and 97.09 %, respectively. The pairwise similarities of strain GSD1FST using argS, atpA, fusA, hsp60, pyrG, rpsC, thrS and xfp gene fragments to all valid representatives of the B. pseudolongum phylogenetic group were in the concatenated range of 83.08–88.34 %. Phylogenomic analysis based on whole-genome methods such as average nucleotide identity revealed that bifidobacterial strain GSD1FST exhibits close phylogenetic relatedness (88.17 %) to Bifidobacetrium cuniculi LMG 10738T. Genotypic characteristics and phylogenetic analyses based on nine molecular markers, as well as genomic and comparative phenotypic analyses, clearly proved that the evaluated strain should be considered as representing a novel species within the B. pseudolongum phylogenetic group named as Bifidobacterium canis sp. nov. (GSD1FST=DSM 105923T=LMG 30345T=CCM 8806T).

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Gu, Jiayu, Bingyong Mao, Shumao Cui, Xuemei Liu, Hao Zhang, Jianxin Zhao e Wei Chen. "Metagenomic Insights into the Effects of Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) on the Composition of Luminal and Mucosal Microbiota in C57BL/6J Mice, Especially the Bifidobacterium Composition". Nutrients 11, n. 10 (12 ottobre 2019): 2431. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11102431.

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Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) are considered prebiotics and have been proven to selectively promote the growth of Bifidobacterium in the gut. This study aimed to clarify the effects of FOS intake on the composition of luminal and mucosal microbiota in mice. Briefly, mice were fed a 0% or 25% FOS (w/w)-supplemented diet for four weeks, and the composition of luminal and mucosal microbiota, especially the Bifidobacterium, was analyzed by sequencing the V3–V4 region of 16S rRNA and groEL gene, respectively. After FOS intervention, there were significant increases in the total and wall weights of the cecum and the amount of total short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the cecal contents of the mice. At the phylum level, the results showed a significant increase in the relative abundance of Actinobacteria in the contents and mucosa from the cecum to the distal colon in the FOS group. Besides Bifidobacterium, a significant increase was observed in the relative abundance of Coprococcus in all samples at the genus level, which may be partially related to the increase in butyric acid levels in the luminal contents. Furthermore, groEL sequencing revealed that Bifidobacterium pseudolongum was almost the sole bifidobacterial species in the luminal contents (>98%) and mucosa (>89%). These results indicated that FOS can selectively promote B. pseudolongum proliferation in the intestine, either in the lumen or the mucosa from the cecum to the distal colon. Further studies are required to reveal the competitive advantage of B. pseudolongum over other FOS-metabolizing bacteria and the response mechanisms of B. pseudolongum to FOS.

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Kim, Byoung Jun, Hee-Youn Kim, Yeo-Jun Yun, Bum-Joon Kim e Yoon-Hoh Kook. "Differentiation of Bifidobacterium species using partial RNA polymerase β-subunit (rpoB) gene sequences". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 60, n. 12 (1 dicembre 2010): 2697–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.020339-0.

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Partial RNA polymerase β-subunit gene (rpoB) sequences (315 bp) were determined and used to differentiate the type strains of 23 species of the genus Bifidobacterium. The sequences were compared with those of the partial hsp60 (604 bp) and 16S rRNA genes (1475 or 1495 bp). The rpoB gene sequences showed nucleotide sequence similarities ranging from 84.1 % to 99.0 %, while the similarities of the hsp60 sequences ranged from 78.5 % to 99.7 % and the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities ranged from 89.4 % to 99.2 %. The phylogenetic trees constructed from the sequences of these three genes showed similar clustering patterns, with the exception of several species. The Bifidobacterium catenulatum–Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Bifidobacterium pseudolongum subsp. pseudolongum–Bifidobacterium pseudolongum subsp. globosum and Bifidobacterium gallinarum–Bifidobacterium pullorum–Bifidobacterium saeculare groups were more clearly differentiated in the partial rpoB and hsp60 gene sequence trees than they were in the 16S rRNA gene tree. Based on sequence similarities and tree topologies, the newly determined rpoB gene sequences are suitable molecular markers for the differentiation of species of the genus Bifidobacterium and support various other molecular tools used to determine the relationships among species of this genus.

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Simpson, P. J., C. Stanton, G. F. Fitzgerald e R. P. Ross. "Genomic Diversity and Relatedness of Bifidobacteria Isolated from a Porcine Cecum". Journal of Bacteriology 185, n. 8 (15 aprile 2003): 2571–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.185.8.2571-2581.2003.

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ABSTRACT This study initially involved the isolation of a number of bifidobacteria from either the lumen or the epithelium of a porcine cecum. A total of 160 isolates were selected at random on MRS plates containing cysteine hydrochloride (0.5 g/liter) and mupirocin (50 mg/liter). All were identified as bifidobacteria based on fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase activity. Following genomic digestion with the restriction enzyme XbaI and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), the isolates produced 15 distinct macro-restriction patterns. Several of the PFGE patterns differed by only 1, 2, or 3 DNA fragments and were grouped as related patterns into seven PFGE types, termed A through G. The related patterns appeared to show genomic plasticity within the isolates arising from chromosomal mutations or possibly horizontal transfer of plasmids. The relative frequency of each PFGE type was maintained within each cecal sample, with PFGE type E representing approximately 50% of the isolates. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA PCR, cell morphology, whole-cell protein profiling, 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing, and DNA-DNA hybridization were used to determine if the seven apparently unrelated PFGE types represented genetically distinct isolates. Four groups were identified: PFGE types A, C/D/G, B/E, and F, and these appeared to represent Bifidobacterium minimum, Bifidobacterium pseudolongum subsp. pseudolongum, and Bifidobacterium pseudolongum subsp. globosum and two new species, respectively. The data demonstrate the presence of considerable genomic diversity within a relatively simple bifidobacteria population, consisting of 15 distinct strains representing four groups, which was maintained throughout the porcine cecal contents and epithelial layer.

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Souza, T. C., A. M. Silva, J. R. P. Drews, D. A. Gomes, C. G. Vinderola e J. R. Nicoli. "In vitro evaluation of Bifidobacterium strains of human origin for potential use in probiotic functional foods". Beneficial Microbes 4, n. 2 (1 giugno 2013): 179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/bm2012.0052.

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The present study investigated some in vitro properties for probiotic use of four strains of bifidobacteria isolated from faeces of healthy children (Bifidobacterium longum 51A, Bifidobacterium breve 1101A, Bifidobacterium pseudolongum 1191A and Bifidobacterium bifidum 1622A). In vitro tests were carried out to compare growth rate, aerotolerance, antagonistic activity against pathogens, antimicrobial susceptibility profile and cell wall hydrophobicity. Mean doubling time of B. longum 51A was shorter compared to the other strains. All strains were aerotolerant up to 72 h of exposure to oxygen. In vitro antagonism showed that B. longum 51A and B. pseudolongum 1191A were able to produce inhibitory diffusible compounds against all pathogenic bacteria tested, but not against Candida albicans. B. longum 51A was sensitive to all the antimicrobials tested, except neomycin. The hydrophobic property of the cell wall was highest for B. bifidum 1622A. Based on these parameters, B. longum 51A showed the best potential for probiotic use among the tested strains, presenting the greatest sensitivity to antimicrobials, the best growth rate and the highest capacity to produce antagonistic substances against various pathogenic microorganisms.

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MAYRHOFER, SIGRID, KONRAD J. DOMIG, ERNST AMTMANN, ANGELA H. A. M. van HOEK, AGNES PETERSSON, CHRISTIANE MAIR, HELMUT K. MAYER e WOLFGANG KNEIFEL. "Antibiotic Susceptibility of Bifidobacterium thermophilum and Bifidobacterium pseudolongum Isolates from Animal Sources". Journal of Food Protection 70, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2007): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-70.1.119.

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The widespread use of antimicrobial substances has led to resistant populations of microorganisms in several ecosystems. In animal husbandry, the application of antibiotics has contributed to resistance development in pathogenic and commensal bacteria. These strains or their resistance genes can be spread along several ecological routes, including the food chain. Antibiotic resistance is important in terms of the safety of industrial strains, such as probiotics for food and feed. Bifidobacterium thermophilum and Bifidobacterium pseudolongum are known to comprise the major part of the bifidobacterial microbiota in the gut and feces of cattle and pigs. In this study, the antimicrobial susceptibility in bifidobacterial isolates of these species was investigated. Isolates from the beef and pork production chain were identified and typed to strain level, and the antimicrobial susceptibility level was tested to a set of antibiotics. Isolates with low susceptibility levels were screened by PCR for already described resistance genes. Strains atypically resistant to clindamycin, erythromycin, and tetracycline were determined. The resistance genes tet(O), tet(W), and erm(X) were detected in the bifidobacterial species that were examined.

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KOCIUBINSKI, GUILLERMO, PABLO PÉREZ e GRACIELA DE ANTONI. "Screening of Bile Resistance and Bile Precipitation in Lactic Acid Bacteria and Bifidobacteria". Journal of Food Protection 62, n. 8 (1 agosto 1999): 905–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-62.8.905.

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A modification of the ecometric method was developed for a rapid screening of bile resistance in lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria. Validation of the MEM bile assay (modified ecometric method) was performed comparing the bile resistance index (RIbile) and the bile resistance ratio (R%). Most Bifidobacterium strains assayed were bile sensitive (83.3%), while only 62.1% of lactobacilli showed that behavior. Some bifidobacterial strains (55.6%) showed a crystalline precipitate when grown on solid medium supplemented with 0.5% ox bile. The crystalline structures produced by B. pseudolongum CIDCA 531 were isolated and analyzed by optical and scanning electron microscopy, thin-layer chromatography, melting point, and specific cholesterol reactions. Those studies confirmed the presence of cholesterol in these crystalline structures. On the other hand, none of the lactobacilli and streptococci studied had the ability to produce crystalline precipitates.

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Grande, S. M. M., E. Argañaraz Martı́nez, J. D. Babot, E. Andrada, M. Quiroga, M. Garro, F. Saguir e A. Perez Chaia. "The species and physiological diversity of Bifidobacterium genus in Gallus gallus domesticus are influenced by feeding model and niche adaptations". Beneficial Microbes 15, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2017): 19–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18762891-20230022.

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Abstract Species diversity of the Bifidobacterium genus was scarcely explored in different rearing systems of poultry. The aim of the study was to isolate intestinal species and compare their physiological and traits for adaptation to the avian intestinal niche. Fourteen strains isolated from chickens of intensive rearing farms and free-range hens, were identified by 16S rDNA sequencing, rep-PCR fingerprinting, and carbohydrates fermentation. Strains belonged to species Bifidobacterium pseudolongum subsp. pseudolongum and subsp. globosum, B. pullorum, B. animalis subsp lactis, B. boum, B. thermacidophilum subsp. thermacidophilum and B. thermophilum. One strain of B. animalis and B. pullorum, and two of B. pseudolongum subsp. pseudolongum were obtained from chicks, while the others were from free-range adult hens. Growth (in MRSc) at the poultry physiological temperature, acids production in caecal water with raffinose (rCW), ex vivo adhesion (%) to avian intestinal epithelial cells (IEC), and auto-aggregation (%) were used for discrimination inter- and intra-specific. Significantly different acetic and lactic acids production and growth temperatures were observed in strains of the same species/subspecies. Remarkable auto-aggregation capability was observed in B. thermacidophilum subsp. thermacidophilum LET 406 (40.2 ± 1.1%), while adhesion property was highlighted in B. pseudolongum subsp. pseudolongum LET 408 (65.30 ± 4.75% in jejunum; 46.05 ± 2.80 in ileum). Scanning Electronic Microscopy of the interaction IEC-LET 408 revealed an irregular bacterial surface exhibiting vesicle-like arrangements and filaments that formed a network among bacteria cells and with the epithelial cells, as possible adaptative response to promote its persistence in the gut. These finds will be valuable for bacterial supplements design intended to intensive rearing.

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Newton, Dorothy F., Sandra Macfarlane e George T. Macfarlane. "Effects of Antibiotics on Bacterial Species Composition and Metabolic Activities in Chemostats Containing Defined Populations of Human Gut Microorganisms". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 57, n. 5 (12 febbraio 2013): 2016–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00079-13.

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ABSTRACTThe composition and metabolic activities of the human colonic microbiota are modulated by a number of external factors, including diet and antibiotic therapy. Changes in the structure and metabolism of the gut microbiota may have long-term consequences for host health. The large intestine harbors a complex microbial ecosystem comprising several hundreds of different bacterial species, which complicates investigations on intestinal physiology and ecology. To facilitate such studies, a highly simplified microbiota consisting of 14 anaerobic and facultatively anaerobic organisms (Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron,Bacteroides vulgatus,Bifidobacterium longum,Bifidobacterium infantis,Bifidobacterium pseudolongum,Bifidobacterium adolescentis,Clostridium butyricum,C. perfringens,C. bifermentans,C. innocuum,Escherichia coli,Enterococcus faecalis,Enterococcus faecium,Lactobacillus acidophilus) was used in this investigation. Ampicillin [9.2 μg (ml culture)−1] was added to two chemostats operated at different dilution rates (D; 0.10 h−1and 0.21 h−1), and metronidazole [76.9 μg (ml culture)−1] was added to a third vessel (D= 0.21 h−1). Perturbations in bacterial physiology and metabolism were sampled over a 48-h period.Lactobacillus acidophilusandC. bifermentanspopulations did not establish in the fermentors under the imposed growth conditions. Ampicillin resulted in substantial reductions in bacteroides andC. perfringenspopulations at both dilution rates. Metronidazole strongly affected bacteroides communities but had no effect on bifidobacterial communities. The bacteriostatic effect of ampicillin on bifidobacterial species was growth rate dependent. Several metabolic activities were affected by antibiotic addition, including fermentation product formation and enzyme synthesis. The growth of antibiotic-resistant bifidobacteria in the large bowel may enable them to occupy ecological niches left vacant after antibiotic administration, preventing colonization by pathogenic species.

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Sakurai, T., A. Yamada, N. Hashikura, T. Odamaki e J. Z. Xiao. "Degradation of food-derived opioid peptides by bifidobacteria". Beneficial Microbes 9, n. 4 (15 giugno 2018): 675–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/bm2017.0165.

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Some food-derived opioid peptides have been reported to cause diseases, such as gastrointestinal inflammation, celiac disease, and mental disorders. Bifidobacterium is a major member of the dominant human gut microbiota, particularly in the gut of infants. In this study, we evaluated the potential of Bifidobacterium in the degradation of food-derived opioid peptides. All strains tested showed some level of dipeptidyl peptidase activity, which is thought to be involved in the degradation of food-derived opioid peptides. However, this activity was higher in bifidobacterial strains that are commonly found in the intestines of human infants, such as Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum, B. longum subsp. infantis, Bifidobacterium breve and Bifidobacterium bifidum, than in those of other species, such as Bifidobacterium animalis and Bifidobacterium pseudolongum. In addition, some B. longum subsp. infantis and B. bifidum strains showed degradative activity in food-derived opioid peptides such as human and bovine milk-derived casomorphin-7 and wheat gluten-derived gliadorphin-7. A further screening of B. bifidum strains revealed some bifidobacterial strains that could degrade all three peptides. Our results revealed the potential of Bifidobacterium species in the degradation of food-derived opioid peptides, particularly for species commonly found in the intestine of infants. Selected strains of B. longum subsp. infantis and B. bifidum with high degradative capabilities can be used as probiotic microorganisms to eliminate food-derived opioid peptides and contribute to host health.

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Tacconi, Stefano, Barbara Sgorbati, Monica Modesto, Bruno Biavati, Lorenzo Nissen e Paola Mattarelli. "Carbohydrate stress-related response in Bifidobacterium pseudolongum subsp. globosum". Annals of Microbiology 62, n. 4 (1 marzo 2012): 1751–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13213-012-0432-9.

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Itoh, K., H. Tamura e T. Mitsuoka. "Gastrointestinal flora of cotton rats". Laboratory Animals 23, n. 1 (1 gennaio 1989): 62–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/002367789780886902.

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The gastrointestinal (GI) flora of cotton rats was examined. No lactobacilli were detected in any part of the GI tract. Anaerobes, including Peptococcaceae, Bacteroidaceae, bifidobacteria and eubacteria, were the predominant bacteria in the stomach, small intestine, caecum and faeces. Aerobes and facultative anaerobes, including Enterobacteriaceae and streptococci, were detected at low numbers and very low frequency of occurrence in all parts of the GI tract. Sixty-one isolates of bifidobacteria were recovered from the stomach, small intestine, caecum and faeces of cotton rats. They were identified as Bifidobacterium animalis, B. pseudolongum biovar a and b. The study showed that the GI flora of cotton rats seem to be very different from the GI flora in other rodents.

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Lamendella, Regina, Jorge W. Santo Domingo, Catherine Kelty e Daniel B. Oerther. "Bifidobacteria in Feces and Environmental Waters". Applied and Environmental Microbiology 74, n. 3 (9 novembre 2007): 575–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01221-07.

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ABSTRACT Bifidobacteria have been recommended as potential indicators of human fecal pollution in surface waters even though very little is known about their presence in nonhuman fecal sources. The objective of this research was to shed light on the occurrence and molecular diversity of this fecal indicator group in different animals and environmental waters. Genus- and species-specific 16S rRNA gene PCR assays were used to study the presence of bifidobacteria among 269 fecal DNA extracts from 32 different animals. Twelve samples from three wastewater treatment plants and 34 water samples from two fecally impacted watersheds were also tested. The species-specific assays showed that Bifidobacterium adolescentis, B. bifidum, B. dentium, and B. catenulatum had the broadest host distribution (11.9 to 17.4%), whereas B. breve, B. infantis, and B. longum were detected in fewer than 3% of all fecal samples. Phylogenetic analysis of 356 bifidobacterial clones obtained from different animal feces showed that ca. 67% of all of the sequences clustered with cultured bifidobacteria, while the rest formed a supercluster with low sequence identity (i.e., <94%) to previously described Bifidobacterium spp. The B. pseudolongum subcluster (>97% similarity) contained 53 fecal sequences from seven different animal hosts, suggesting the cosmopolitan distribution of members of this clade. In contrast, two clades containing B. thermophilum and B. boum clustered exclusively with 37 and 18 pig fecal clones, respectively, suggesting host specificity. Using species-specific assays, bifidobacteria were detected in only two of the surface water DNA extracts, although other fecal anaerobic bacteria were detected in these waters. Overall, the results suggest that the use of bifidobacterial species as potential markers to monitor human fecal pollution in natural waters may be questionable.

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Zhang, Zeng, Yuanyuan Wang, Yanjun Zhang, Kaining Chen, Haibo Chang, Chenchen Ma, Shuaiming Jiang et al. "Synergistic Effects of the Jackfruit Seed Sourced Resistant Starch and Bifidobacterium pseudolongum subsp. globosum on Suppression of Hyperlipidemia in Mice". Foods 10, n. 6 (21 giugno 2021): 1431. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10061431.

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Approximately 17 million people suffer from cardiovascular diseases caused by hyperlipidemia, making it a serious global health concern. Among others, resistant starch (RS) has been widely used as a prebiotic in managing hyperlipidemia conditions. However, some studies have reported limited effects of RS on body weight and blood lipid profile of the host, suggesting further investigation on the synergistic effects of RS in combination with probiotics as gut microbes plays a role in lipid metabolism. This study evaluated the effects of jackfruit seed sourced resistant starch (JSRS) as a novel RS on mice gut microbes and hyperlipidemia by performing 16s rRNA and shotgun metagenomic sequencing. The results showed that 10% JSRS had a limited preventive effect on bodyweight and serum lipid levels. However, the JSRS promoted the growth of Bifidobacterium pseudolongum, which indicated the ability of B. pseudolongum for JSRS utilization. In the validation experiment, B. pseudolongum interacted with JSRS to significantly reduce bodyweight and serum lipid levels and had a therapeutic effect on hepatic steatosis in mice. Collectively, this study revealed the improvements of hyperlipidemia in mice by the synergistic effects of JSRS and B. pseudolongum, which will help in the development of “synbiotics” for the treatment of hyperlipidemia in the future.

21

Xiao, Jin-zhong, Sachiko Takahashi, Mamoru Nishimoto, Toshitaka Odamaki, Tomoko Yaeshima, Keiji Iwatsuki e Motomitsu Kitaoka. "Distribution of In Vitro Fermentation Ability of Lacto-N-Biose I, a Major Building Block of Human Milk Oligosaccharides, in Bifidobacterial Strains". Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76, n. 1 (23 ottobre 2009): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01683-09.

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ABSTRACT This study investigated the potential utilization of lacto-N-biose I (LNB) by individual strains of bifidobacteria. LNB is a building block for the human milk oligosaccharides, which have been suggested to be a factor for selective growth of bifidobacteria. A total of 208 strains comprising 10 species and 4 subspecies were analyzed for the presence of the galacto-N-biose/lacto-N-biose I phosphorylase (GLNBP) gene (lnpA) and examined for growth when LNB was used as the sole carbohydrate source. While all strains of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum, B. longum subsp. infantis, B. breve, and B. bifidum were able to grow on LNB, none of the strains of B. adolescentis, B. catenulatum, B. dentium, B. angulatum, B. animalis subsp. lactis, and B. thermophilum showed any growth. In addition, some strains of B. pseudocatenulatum, B. animalis subsp. animalis, and B. pseudolongum exhibited the ability to utilize LNB. With the exception for B. pseudocatenulatum, the presence of lnpA coincided with LNB utilization in almost all strains. These results indicate that bifidobacterial species, which are the predominant species found in infant intestines, are potential utilizers of LNB. These findings support the hypothesis that GLNBP plays a key role in the colonization of bifidobacteria in the infant intestine.

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FUKATA, Tsuneo, Atsuko FUKATAMI e Yuzuru KAMBAYASHI. "Immune Responses in Dogs Given Enteric-coated Capsulized Bifidobacterium pseudolongum (JBP01)". Journal of the Japan Veterinary Medical Association 58, n. 1 (2005): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.12935/jvma1951.58.46.

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Rao, A. V., N. Shiwnarain e I. Maharaj. "Survival of Microencapsulated Bifidobacterium pseudolongum in Simulated Gastric and Intestinal Juices". Canadian Institute of Food Science and Technology Journal 22, n. 4 (ottobre 1989): 345–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0315-5463(89)70426-0.

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Mager, Lukas F., Regula Burkhard, Nicola Pett, Noah C. A. Cooke, Kirsty Brown, Hena Ramay, Seungil Paik et al. "Microbiome-derived inosine modulates response to checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy". Science 369, n. 6510 (13 agosto 2020): 1481–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abc3421.

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Several species of intestinal bacteria have been associated with enhanced efficacy of checkpoint blockade immunotherapy, but the underlying mechanisms by which the microbiome enhances antitumor immunity are unclear. In this study, we isolated three bacterial species—Bifidobacterium pseudolongum, Lactobacillus johnsonii, and Olsenella species—that significantly enhanced efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in four mouse models of cancer. We found that intestinal B. pseudolongum modulated enhanced immunotherapy response through production of the metabolite inosine. Decreased gut barrier function induced by immunotherapy increased systemic translocation of inosine and activated antitumor T cells. The effect of inosine was dependent on T cell expression of the adenosine A2A receptor and required costimulation. Collectively, our study identifies a previously unknown microbial metabolite immune pathway activated by immunotherapy that may be exploited to develop microbial-based adjuvant therapies.

25

Kudo, Hiroshi, Nobutake Kimura, Matsuei Suzuki, Kuo Joan Cheng, John William Costerton e Tomotari Mitsuoka. "Electron Microscopic, Biochemical and Physiological Studies of Bifidobacterium pseudolongum SS-24 and Bifidobacterium thermophilum SS-19". Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie 271, n. 3 (settembre 1989): 263–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0934-8840(89)80024-6.

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26

Crittenden, R., A. Laitila, P. Forssell, J. Mättö, M. Saarela, T. Mattila-Sandholm e P. Myllärinen. "Adhesion of Bifidobacteria to Granular Starch and Its Implications in Probiotic Technologies". Applied and Environmental Microbiology 67, n. 8 (1 agosto 2001): 3469–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.67.8.3469-3475.2001.

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ABSTRACT Adhesion of 19 Bifidobacterium strains to native maize, potato, oat, and barley starch granules was examined to investigate links between adhesion and substrate utilization and to determine if adhesion to starch could be exploited in probiotic food technologies. Starch adhesion was not characteristic of all the bifidobacteria tested. Adherent bacteria bound similarly to the different types of starch, and the binding capacity of the starch (number of bacteria per gram) correlated to the surface area of the granules. Highly adherent strains were able to hydrolyze the granular starches, but not all amylolytic strains were adherent, indicating that starch adhesion is not a prerequisite for efficient substrate utilization for all bifidobacteria. Adhesion was mediated by a cell surface protein(s). For the model organisms tested (Bifidobacterium adolescentis VTT E-001561 andBifidobacterium pseudolongum ATCC 25526), adhesion appeared to be specific for α-1,4-linked glucose sugars, since adhesion was inhibited by maltose, maltodextrin, amylose, and soluble starch but not by trehalose, cellobiose, or lactose. In an in vitro gastric model, adhesion was inhibited both by the action of protease and at pH values of ≤3. Adhesion was not affected by bile, but the binding capacity of the starch was reduced by exposure to pancreatin. It may be possible to exploit adhesion of probiotic bifidobacteria to starch granules in microencapsulation technology and for synbiotic food applications.

27

Lee, Songhee, Heesang You, Yeongju Lee, Haingwoon Baik, Jeankyung Paik, Hayera Lee, Soodong Park, Jaejung Shim, Junglyoul Lee e Sunghee Hyun. "Intake of MPRO3 over 4 Weeks Reduces Glucose Levels and Improves Gastrointestinal Health and Metabolism". Microorganisms 10, n. 1 (31 dicembre 2021): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10010088.

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Human gut microbiota are involved in different metabolic processes, such as digestion and nutrient synthesis, among others. For the elderly, supplements are a major means of maintaining health and improving intestinal homeostasis. In this study, 51 elderly women were administered MPRO3 (n = 17), a placebo (n = 16), or both (MPRO3: 1 week, placebo: 3 weeks; n = 18) for 4 weeks. The fecal microbiota were analyzed by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene V3–V4 super-variable region. The dietary fiber intake increased, and glucose levels decreased with 4-week MPRO3 intake. Reflux, indigestion, and diarrhea syndromes gradually improved with MPRO3 intake, whereas constipation was maintained. The stool shape also improved. Bifidobacterium animalis, B. pseudolongum, Lactobacillus plantarum, and L. paracasei were relatively more abundant after 4 weeks of MPRO3 intake than in those subjects after a 1-week intake. Bifidobacterium and B. longum abundances increased after 1 week of MPRO3 intake but decreased when the intake was discontinued. Among different modules and pathways, all 10 modules analyzed showed a relatively high association with 4-week MPRO3 intake. The mineral absorption pathway and cortisol biosynthesis and secretion pathways correlated with the B. animalis and B. pseudolongum abundances at 4 weeks. Therefore, 4-week MPRO3 intake decreased the fasting blood glucose level and improved intestinal health and metabolism.

28

Domig, Konrad J., Sigrid Mayrhofer, Ulrike Zitz, Christiane Mair, Agnes Petersson, Ernst Amtmann, Helmut K. Mayer e Wolfgang Kneifel. "Antibiotic susceptibility testing of Bifidobacterium thermophilum and Bifidobacterium pseudolongum strains: Broth microdilution vs. agar disc diffusion assay". International Journal of Food Microbiology 120, n. 1-2 (novembre 2007): 191–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2007.07.064.

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29

Kudo, H., N. Kimura, R. Mutalib, S. Jalaludin e K. J. Cheng. "An Electron Microscopic Study on Bifidobacterium pseudolongum SS-24 with Extracellular Material and Naked Bifidobacterium thermophilum SS-19". Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 2, n. 3 (1 settembre 1989): 444–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5713/ajas.1989.444.

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30

Ding, Mengfan, Bo Yang, Wei Wei Thwe Khine, Yuan-Kun Lee, Endang Sutriswati Rahayu, R. Paul Ross, Catherine Stanton, Jianxin Zhao, Hao Zhang e Wei Chen. "The Species-Level Composition of the Fecal Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus Genera in Indonesian Children Differs from That of Their Mothers". Microorganisms 9, n. 9 (21 settembre 2021): 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9091995.

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The infant gut microbiota plays a critical role in early life growth and derives mainly from maternal gut and breast milk. This study aimed to analyze the differences in the gut microbiota, namely Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus communities at species level among breast milk as well as maternal and infant feces at different time points after delivery. Fifty-one mother–infant pairs from Indonesia were recruited, and the breast milk and maternal and infant feces were collected and analyzed by high throughput sequencing (16S rRNA, Bifidobacterium groEL and Lactobacillus groEL genes). PCoA results showed bacterial composition was different among breast milk and maternal and infant feces within the first two years. The abundance of Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides were significantly higher in infant feces compared to their maternal feces from birth to two years of age, and maternal breast milk within six months after birth (p < 0.05), whereas the abundance of Blautia, Prevotella, and Faecalibacterium was higher in maternal feces compared to that in breast milk within six months and infant feces within one year after birth, respectively (p < 0.05). The relative abundances of Bacteroides and Lactobacillus was higher and lower in infant feces compared to that in maternal feces only between one and two years of age, respectively (p < 0.05). For Bifidobacterium community at species level, B. adolescentis, B. ruminantium, B. longum subsp. infantis, B. bifidum, and B. pseudolongum were identified in all samples. However, the profile of Bifidobacterium was different between maternal and infant feces at different ages. The relative abundances of B. adolescentis and B. ruminantium were higher in maternal feces compared to those in infant feces from birth to one year of age (p < 0.05), while the relative abundances of B. longum subsp. infantis and B. bifidum were higher in infant feces compared to those in maternal feces beyond three months, and the relative abundance of B. pseudolongum was only higher in infant feces between three and six months (p < 0.05). For Lactobacillus community, L. paragasseri showed higher relative abundance in infant feces when the infant was younger than one year of age (p < 0.05). This study showed bacterial composition at the genus level and Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus communities at the species level were stage specific in maternal breast milk as well as and maternal and infant feces.

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Ryan, Sinéad M., Gerald F. Fitzgerald e Douwe van Sinderen. "Screening for and Identification of Starch-, Amylopectin-, and Pullulan-Degrading Activities in Bifidobacterial Strains". Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72, n. 8 (agosto 2006): 5289–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00257-06.

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ABSTRACT Forty-two bifidobacterial strains were screened for α-amylase and/or pullulanase activity by investigating their capacities to utilize starch, amylopectin, or pullulan. Of the 42 bifidobacterial strains tested, 19 were capable of degrading potato starch. Of these 19 strains, 11 were able to degrade starch and amylopectin, as well as pullulan. These 11 strains, which were shown to produce extracellular starch-degrading activities, included 5 strains of Bifidobacterium breve, 1 B. dentium strain, 1 B. infantis strain, 3 strains of B. pseudolongum, and 1 strain of B. thermophilum. Quantitative and qualitative enzyme activities were determined by measuring the concentrations of released reducing sugars and by high-performance thin-layer chromatography, respectively. These analyses confirmed both the inducible nature and the extracellular nature of the starch- and pullulan-degrading enzyme activities and showed that the five B. breve strains produced an activity that is consistent with type II pullulanase (amylopullulanase) activity, while the remaining six strains produced an activity with properties that resemble those of type III pullulan hydrolase.

32

Mazochi, V., F. E. Matos Júnior, C. H. Val, D. N. Diniz, A. F. Resende, J. R. Nicoli e A. M. Silva. "Iogurte probiótico produzido com leite de cabra suplementado com Bifidobacterium spp". Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 62, n. 6 (dicembre 2010): 1484–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-09352010000600027.

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Avaliaram-se iogurtes de leite de cabra contendo ou não Bifidobacterium longum, B. breve, B. pseudolongum ou B. bifidum, adicionados ou não de aroma de morango. Os dados obtidos nas análises higiênico-sanitárias e físico-químicas foram dentro dos valores exigidos pela legislação brasileira; apenas o valor encontrado para lactose esteve abaixo do recomendado. Quanto às bactérias do iogurte, não houve diferença na contagem de Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus durante a estocagem, e não foi detectado Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus nas diluições utilizadas. A enumeração de Bifidobacterium spp. manteve-se entre 10(6) e 10(8)UFC/mL e não diferiu entre as espécies ao longo do tempo. Considerando-se a adição ou não de aroma, a análise das variáveis tempo e aroma não mostrou diferença estatística. A contagem entre os Bifidobacterium spp. demonstrou que nenhum microrganismo apresentou um comportamento superior a outro. Na análise sensorial, as amostras de iogurtes adicionados ou não de Bifidobacterium spp. e adicionados de aroma de morango não apresentaram diferenças entre si. O estudo mostrou ser possível a elaboração de iogurte de leite de cabra adicionado de Bifidobacterium spp. e de aroma de morango com qualidade assegurada, potencial para uso probiótico e boa aceitação pelo consumidor.

33

Wronkowska, M., e M. Soral-śmietana. "Fermentation of native wheat, potato, and pea starches, and their preparations by bifidobacterium – changes in resistant starch content". Czech Journal of Food Sciences 30, No. 1 (30 gennaio 2012): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/18/2011-cjfs.

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The capability was studied of the selected Bifidobacterium strains to utilise the resistant starch fraction (RS) from native starches of the following origin: wheat, potato, and pea, and their preparations obtained experimentally by physical and enzymatical modifications. Furthermore, the potential influence of the gelatinisation process on the degree of utilisation of RS from the investigated starch samples was studied. The following strains: B. pseudolongum KSI9, B. animalis KS20a1, and B. breve KN14, were chosen. The native starches and their preparations were characterised by their different contents of the RS fraction, which was metabolised during in vitro fermentation for Bifidobacterium growth. The highest decrease in the RS content was observed in the case of native potato and pea starches after 24-h fermentation by Bifidobacterium strains. The RS fraction of the wheat starch preparation was generally a better substrate for the selected bacteria (19–34%) in comparison with the native wheat starch (0–13%). The gelatinisation process of the native starches and their preparations had a negligible effect on the RS fraction utilised as a substrate for stimulating the growth of the Bifidobacterium strains selected.  

34

Yang, Shuying, Su Wu, Feiyan Zhao, Zhixin Zhao, Xin Shen, Xia Yu, Meng Zhang, Fang Wen, Zhihong Sun e Bilige Menghe. "Diversity Analysis of Intestinal Bifidobacteria in the Hohhot Population". Microorganisms 12, n. 4 (9 aprile 2024): 756. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12040756.

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(1) Background: Bifidobacterium plays a pivotal role within the gut microbiota, significantly affecting host health through its abundance and composition in the intestine. Factors such as age, gender, and living environment exert considerable influence on the gut microbiota, yet scant attention has been directed towards understanding the specific effects of these factors on the Bifidobacterium population. Therefore, this study focused on 98 adult fecal samples to conduct absolute and relative quantitative analyses of bifidobacteria. (2) Methods: Using droplet digital PCR and the PacBio Sequel II sequencing platform, this study sought to determine the influence of various factors, including living environment, age, and BMI, on the absolute content and biodiversity of intestinal bifidobacteria. (3) Results: Quantitative results indicated that the bifidobacteria content in the intestinal tract ranged from 106 to 109 CFU/g. Notably, the number of bifidobacteria in the intestinal tract of the school population surpassed that of the off-campus population significantly (p = 0.003). Additionally, the group of young people exhibited a significantly higher count of bifidobacteria than the middle-aged and elderly groups (p = 0.041). The normal-weight group displayed a significantly higher bifidobacteria count than the obese group (p = 0.027). Further analysis of the relative abundance of bifidobacteria under different influencing factors revealed that the living environment emerged as the primary factor affecting the intestinal bifidobacteria structure (p = 0.046, R2 = 2.411). Moreover, the diversity of bifidobacteria in the intestinal tract of college students surpassed that in the out-of-school population (p = 0.034). This was characterized by a notable increase in 11 strains, including B. longum, B. bifidum, and B. pseudolongum, in the intestinal tract of college students, forming a more intricate intestinal bifidobacteria interaction network. (4) Conclusions: In summary, this study elucidated the principal factors affecting intestinal bifidobacteria and delineated their characteristics of intestinal bifidobacteria in diverse populations. By enriching the theory surrounding gut microbiota and health, this study provides essential data support for further investigations into the intricate dynamics of the gut microbiota.

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Bo, Ting-bei, Jing Wen, Yuan-chun Zhao, Shuang-jie Tian, Xue-ying Zhang e De-hua Wang. "Bifidobacterium pseudolongum reduces triglycerides by modulating gut microbiota in mice fed high-fat food". Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 198 (aprile 2020): 105602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsbmb.2020.105602.

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Delcenserie, Véronique, Françoise Gavini, Bernard China e Georges Daube. "Bifidobacterium pseudolongum are efficient indicators of animal fecal contamination in raw milk cheese industry". BMC Microbiology 11, n. 1 (2011): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2180-11-178.

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Zhu, Chun-Hua, Yan-Xiao Li, Yun-Cong Xu, Nan-Nan Wang, Qiao-Juan Yan e Zheng-Qiang Jiang. "Tamarind Xyloglucan Oligosaccharides Attenuate Metabolic Disorders via the Gut–Liver Axis in Mice with High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obesity". Foods 12, n. 7 (24 marzo 2023): 1382. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12071382.

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Functional oligosaccharides exert obesity-reducing effects by acting at various pathological sites responsible for the development of obesity. In this study, tamarind xyloglucan oligosaccharides (TXOS) were used to attenuate metabolic disorders via the gut–liver axis in mice with high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obesity, as determined through LC/MS-MS and 16S rRNA sequencing technology. A TXOS dose equivalent to 0.39 g/kg/day in humans restored the gut microbiota in obese mice, which was in part supported by the key microflora, particularly Bifidobacterium pseudolongum. Moreover, TXOS reduced the abundance of opportunistic pathogen species, such as Klebsiella variicola and Romboutsia ilealis. The bodyweight and weight gain of TXOS-treated (4.8 g/kg per day) mice began to decrease at the 14th week, decreasing by 12.8% and 23.3%, respectively. Sixteen fatty acids were identified as potential biomarkers in the liver, and B. pseudolongum and caprylic acid were found to tightly regulate each other. This was associated with reduced inflammation in the liver, circulation, and adipose tissue and protection from metabolic disorders. The findings of this study indicate that TXOS can significantly increase the gut microbiota diversity of obese mice and restore the HFD-induced dysbiosis of gut microbiota.

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Krausova, Gabriela, Ivana Hyrslova e Iveta Hynstova. "In Vitro Evaluation of Adhesion Capacity, Hydrophobicity, and Auto-Aggregation of Newly Isolated Potential Probiotic Strains". Fermentation 5, n. 4 (4 dicembre 2019): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation5040100.

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We isolated several strains of human and animal origin, focusing on the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. Samples of cow colostrum, feces and saliva of calves and piglets, and infant feces were acquired, bacterial strains were isolated and identified, and twenty strains of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria were shortlisted for further in vitro analysis of adhesion capacity to human cells, surface hydrophobicity, and auto-aggregation. Adhesion capacity was evaluated using a mixture of Caco-2 and HT-29-MTX cells and hydrophobicity was measured using the microbial adhesion to the hydrocarbon method. Lactobacillus reuteri was the most frequently isolated species, followed by L. casei subsp. paracasei and L. gasseri; all strains were isolated from infant feces. Bifidobacteria were represented by the species B. longum (infant feces), and B. thermophilum and B. pseudolongum (calves, piglets). All twenty strains showed good adhesion capacities to the mixed cell culture (17.7–37.2%), particularly, L. reuteri isolates K7 and K14 (37.2% and 35.5%, respectively). In hydrophobicity and auto-aggregation assays, strain-specific differences irrespective of the origin or taxonomic group were observed. Hydrophobicity values varied considerably (from 6.1% to 87.4%), whereas auto-aggregation ability ranged from 21.7% to 69.7%. No relation was observed between hydrophobicity and adhesion capacity; instead, auto-aggregation was apparently related with adhesion.

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FUKATA, Tsuneo, Atsuko FUKATAMI, Sanae SHIBATA, Naoko YOSHIDA, Yoshifumi BANDO, Toshio KOZAKI, Tamiyoshi TANABE e Yuzo KAWAHARA. "Effects of an Enteric Capsule Preparation Containing Bifidobacterium pseudolongum (JBP01) on Canine Fecal Flora and Odor". Journal of the Japan Veterinary Medical Association 55, n. 11 (2002): 735–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.12935/jvma1951.55.735.

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40

Sangrador-Vegas, A., C. Stanton, D. van Sinderen, G. F. Fitzgerald e R. P. Ross. "Characterization of plasmid pASV479 from Bifidobacterium pseudolongum subsp. globosum and its use for expression vector construction". Plasmid 58, n. 2 (settembre 2007): 140–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plasmid.2007.02.004.

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Guo, Weiling, Bingyong Mao, Shumao Cui, Xin Tang, Qiuxiang Zhang, Jianxin Zhao e Hao Zhang. "Protective Effects of a Novel Probiotic Bifidobacterium pseudolongum on the Intestinal Barrier of Colitis Mice via Modulating the Pparγ/STAT3 Pathway and Intestinal Microbiota". Foods 11, n. 11 (25 maggio 2022): 1551. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11111551.

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Colitis has become a major health concern worldwide. The objective of the present study was to determine the probiotic influence of different strains of B. pseudolongum (Bp7 and Bp8) on alleviating colitis and to explore its possible potential mechanisms. Our results displayed that Bp7 and Bp8 intervention effectively reduced dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-caused body weight loss and the release of several pro-inflammatory factors (interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)) and increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes (T-AOC, SOD, and GSH) and the concentrations of tight junction proteins (occludin, claudin-1, and ZO-1). Moreover, Bp7 and Bp8 intervention drastically down-regulated the expression of colonic MyD88, NF-κB, iNOS and COX2 and drastically elevated the expression of colonic STAT3, Nrf2, and PPARγ. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry results revealed that the cecal levels of isobutyric, butyric, and isovaleric acids were drastically increased in colitis mice intervened with Bp7 and Bp8. Moreover, 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that Bp7 and Bp8 intervention modulated the intestinal microbiota structure, particularly by enhancing the proportion of Eubacterium coprostanoligenes group, Marvinbryantia, Enterorhabdus, Faecalibaculum, Coriobacteriaceae UCG 002, Alistipes, and Bifidobacterium, which are relevant to the levels of cecal isobutyric acid, butyric acid, isovaleric acid, and inflammatory cytokines. Collectively, these findings suggest that Bp7 and Bp8 intervention alleviates the intestinal barrier function, possibly by blocking the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, maintaining the intestinal physical barrier integrity, activating the PPARγ/STAT3 pathway, and modulating intestinal microbiota composition. Our study also suggested that B. pseudolongum is a promising probiotic for colitis treatment.

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Slovakova, L., D. Duskova e M. Marounek. "Fermentation of pectin and glucose, and activity of pectin-degrading enzymes in the rabbit caecal bacterium Bifidobacterium pseudolongum". Letters in Applied Microbiology 35, n. 2 (agosto 2002): 126–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1472-765x.2002.01159.x.

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Ma, Menghua, Fangli Gu, Zongcui Yue, Leilei Gao, Chuangbo Chen, Qiyan Lin, Ke Huang, Xiaoxue Li, Jun Dai e Bangxing Han. "Dendrobium huoshanense Improves Lipid Metabolism Disorder by Restoring Gut Flora and Metabolites in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet". Journal of Food Biochemistry 2024 (5 febbraio 2024): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/6245499.

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Lipid metabolism disorders are widely acknowledged as crucial risk factors for a range of metabolic diseases, including hyperlipidemia, obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and atherosclerosis. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota is considered a potential mechanism of action in lipid metabolism disorders. Dendrobium huoshanense C.Z. Tang et S.J. Cheng (DH), an important edible and medicinal Chinese herb, has been shown to regulate the gut flora disorders and improve intestinal health. However, DH inhibits lipid metabolism disorders by regulating the gut flora remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to explore the effect of the gut flora on improving blood lipid levels in mice that fed a high-fat diet supplemented with DH. Mice were randomly divided into normal control (CTR), high-fat diet (HFD), 2.25 mg/kg/day simvastatin (SIM), 300 mg/kg/day DH (LD-DH), and 600 mg/kg/day DH (HD-DH) groups for 14 weeks. Changes in serum and liver lipid levels and liver function were analyzed. Changes in intestinal microbiota and fecal metabolites were assessed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and untargeted metabolomics. The relationships among lipids, intestinal microbiota, and fecal metabolites were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation analysis to reveal the mechanism of action of DH against lipid metabolism disorders. The results indicated that DH effectively improved the lipid profiles in both the serum and liver of HFD mice. DH was also found to alter the structure of the gut flora, especially the relative abundances of Bifidobacterium pseudolongum and B. animalis, which dramatically increased with DH. Pearson’s correlation analysis indicated that DH may mainly alter metabolites (amino acid metabolites, bile acid metabolites, lipid metabolites, etc.) to regulate lipid metabolism via the metabolic ability of the gut flora. B. pseudolongum and B. animalis may be the dominant bacterial species in the gut microbiota and play key roles in the alleviation of lipid metabolism disorders caused by HFD.

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Junick, Jana, e Michael Blaut. "Quantification of Human Fecal Bifidobacterium Species by Use of Quantitative Real-Time PCR Analysis Targeting thegroELGene". Applied and Environmental Microbiology 78, n. 8 (3 febbraio 2012): 2613–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.07749-11.

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ABSTRACTQuantitative real-time PCR assays targeting thegroELgene for the specific enumeration of 12 human fecalBifidobacteriumspecies were developed. The housekeeping genegroEL(HSP60in eukaryotes) was used as a discriminative marker for the differentiation ofBifidobacterium adolescentis,B. angulatum,B. animalis,B. bifidum,B. breve,B. catenulatum,B. dentium,B. gallicum,B. longum,B. pseudocatenulatum,B. pseudolongum, andB. thermophilum. The bifidobacterial chromosome contains a single copy of thegroELgene, allowing the determination of the cell number by quantification of thegroELcopy number. Real-time PCR assays were validated by comparing fecal samples spiked with known numbers of a givenBifidobacteriumspecies. Independent of theBifidobacteriumspecies tested, the proportion ofgroELcopies recovered from fecal samples spiked with 5 to 9 log10cells/g feces was approximately 50%. The quantification limit was 5 to 6 log10groELcopies/g feces. The interassay variability was less than 10%, and variability between different DNA extractions was less than 23%. The method developed was applied to fecal samples from healthy adults and full-term breast-fed infants. Bifidobacterial diversity in both adults and infants was low, with mostly ≤3Bifidobacteriumspecies andB. longumfrequently detected. The predominant species in infant and adult fecal samples wereB. breveandB. adolescentis, respectively. It was possible to distinguishB. catenulatumandB. pseudocatenulatum. We conclude that thegroELgene is a suitable molecular marker for the specific and accurate quantification of human fecalBifidobacteriumspecies by real-time PCR.

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Józefiak, Agata, Abdelbasset Benzertiha, Bartosz Kierończyk, Anna Łukomska, Izabela Wesołowska e Mateusz Rawski. "Improvement of Cecal Commensal Microbiome Following the Insect Additive into Chicken Diet". Animals 10, n. 4 (30 marzo 2020): 577. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10040577.

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Gastrointestinal microbiota play an important role in regulating the metabolic processes of animals and humans. A properly balanced cecal microbiota modulates growth parameters and the risk of infections. The study examined the effect of the addition of 0.2% and 0.3% of Tenebrio molitor and Zophobas morio on cecal microbiome of broilers. The material was the cecum digesta. The obtained DNA was analyzed using 16S rRNA next generation sequencing. The results of the study show that the addition of a relatively small amount of Z. morio and T. molitor modulates the broiler cecum microbiome composition. The most positive effect on cecal microbiota was recorded in the 0.2% Z. morio diet. A significant increase in the relative amount of genus Lactobacillus, represented by the species Lactobacillus agilis and the amount of bacteria in the Clostridia class, was observed. Moreover, the addition of 0.2% ZM resulted in a significant increase of relative abundance of the family Bifidobacteriaceae with the highest relative abundance of genus Bifidobacterium pseudolongum. The obtained results indicate that the addition of a relatively small amount of insect meal in broiler diet stimulates colonization by probiotic and commensal bacteria, which may act as barriers against infection by pathogenic bacteria.

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Wang, Hongchao, Danting Dang, Leilei Zhu, Mingluo Pan, Jinlin Zhu, Wenwei Lu, Shourong Lu e Jianxin Zhao. "Effects of Varied Sulfamethazine Dosage and Exposure Durations on Offspring Mice". Microorganisms 12, n. 2 (13 febbraio 2024): 381. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12020381.

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The development of antibiotics was a turning point in the history of medicine; however, their misuse and overuse have contributed to the current global epidemic of antibiotic resistance. According to epidemiological studies, early antibiotic exposure increases the risk of immunological and metabolic disorders. This study investigated the effects of exposure to different doses of sulfamethazine (SMZ) on offspring mice and compared the effects of exposure to SMZ on offspring mice in prenatal and early postnatal periods and continuous periods. Furthermore, the effects of SMZ exposure on the gut microbiota of offspring mice were analyzed using metagenome. According to the results, continuous exposure to high-dose SMZ caused weight gain in mice. IL-6, IL-17A, and IL-10 levels in the female offspring significantly increased after high-dose SMZ exposure. In addition, there was a significant gender difference in the impact of SMZ exposure on the gut microbiota of offspring: Continuous high-dose SMZ exposure significantly decreased the relative abundance of Ligilactobacillus murinus, Limosilactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus johnsonii, and Bifidobacterium pseudolongum (p < 0.05) in female offspring mice; however, these significant changes were not observed in male offspring mice.

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Duan, Xia, Jingjing Xu, Ping Yang, Xinyuan Liang, Zichun Zeng, Huijuan Luo, Xiaomei Tang, Xin Wu e Xiaomin Xiao. "The effects of a set amount of regular maternal exercise during pregnancy on gut microbiota are diet-dependent in mice and do not cause significant diversity changes". PeerJ 10 (2 dicembre 2022): e14459. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14459.

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Background Diet and exercise can affect the gut microbiota (GM); however, the effects of the same amount of exercise on gut microbiota changes in people on a low-fat diet (LFD) and high-fat diet (HFD) during pregnancy are unknown. Do different nutritional conditions respond equally to exercise intervention? This study aimed to investigate the effects of regular maternal exercise during pregnancy on the GM in mice fed different diets during pregnancy. Methods Six-week-old nulliparous female KunMing mice were fed either a HFD or LFD before and during pregnancy. Each group of mice were then randomly divided into two groups upon confirmation of pregnancy: sedentary (HFD or LFD; n = 4 and 5, respectively) and exercised (HFDex or LFDex, n = 5 and 6, respectively). Mice were sacrificed on day 19 of gestation and their colon contents were collected. We then performed 16S rDNA gene sequencing of the V3 and V4 regions of the GM. Results The pregnancy success rate was 60% for LFDex and 100% for HFDex. Both Chao1 and Simpson indices were not significantly different for either LFD vs. LFDex or HFD vs. HFDex. Desulfobacterota, Desulfovibrionia Desulfovibrionales, Desulfovibrionaceae, Desulfovibrio, Coriobacteriia, Coriobacteriales, and Eggerthellaceae were markedly decreased after exercise intervention in LFDex vs. LFD, whereas Actinobacteria, Bifidobacteriales, Bifidobacteriaceae, Bifidobacterium, and Bifidobacterium pseudolongum were significantly increased in LFDex vs. LFD. Furthermore, decreased Peptostreptococcales-Tissierellales and Peptostreptococcaceae and increased Bacteroides dorei were identified in the HFDex vs. HFD group. p_Desulfobacterota, c_Desulfovibrionia, o_Desulfovibrionales, f_Desulfovibrionaceae and g_Desulfovibrio were markedly decreased in the LFDex group vs. HFDex group. Conclusions Our data suggested that quantitative maternal exercise during pregnancy resulted in alterations in GM composition, but did not significantly change the diversity of the GM. These findings may have important implications when considering an individual’s overall diet when recommending exercise during pregnancy.

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Fang, Hui, Kai Aoki, Katsuyuki Tokinoya, Masato Yonamine, Takehito Sugasawa, Yasushi Kawakami e Kazuhiro Takekoshi. "Effects of High-Fat Diet on the Gut Microbiota of Renalase Gene Knockout Mice". Obesities 2, n. 3 (9 settembre 2022): 303–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/obesities2030025.

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Metabolic diseases caused by gene and unhealthy living habits are increasing, which seriously threaten the life of people worldwide. Moreover, the microbiome has been shown to play an active role in the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases. However, reliable evidence on renalase gene (Rnls), as a common gene related to metabolic diseases, is still lacking with regard to the influence on the microbiome. Hence, we investigated the effect of a normal diet (ND) and a high-fat diet (HFD) on the gut microbiota of Rnls knockout (Rnls−/−) and wild-type (Rnls+/+) mice. At the end of the 8-week experiment, DNA samples were extracted from fresh feces, and the composition of microbiota was profiled. The species in Rnls+/+-ND group were Bifidobacterium pseudolongum and Lactobacillus reuteri. Conversely, the species in Rnls−/−-ND group belonged to the genera Lactobacillus and Turicibacter. The HFD changed the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes; while the bacteria in the Rnls+/+-HFD and Rnls−/−-HFD groups were different. Overall, this study not only revealed the composition of microbiota in Rnls−/− mice, but also indicated that Rnls and the bacteria related to Rnls may be new candidates in the prevention and diagnosis of metabolic diseases at an early stage.

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Mu, Chunlong, Angela Pochakom, Raylene A. Reimer, Anamika Choudhary, Melinda Wang, Jong M. Rho, Morris H. Scantlebury e Jane Shearer. "Addition of Prebiotics to the Ketogenic Diet Improves Metabolic Profile but Does Not Affect Seizures in a Rodent Model of Infantile Spasms Syndrome". Nutrients 14, n. 11 (26 maggio 2022): 2210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14112210.

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The ketogenic diet (KD) is an effective treatment for infantile spasms syndrome (IS). However, the KD has implications for somatic growth, development, and the gut microbiota. The impact of incorporating a prebiotic fiber (PRE, oligofructose-enriched inulin, 0.8 g/dL) into a KD diet on spasms, developmental milestones, fecal gut microbiota, metabolites, and hippocampal mitochondrial metabolism were examined. Following IS induction, animals were randomized to KD or KD + PRE diets. A third group without IS and suckled by dams was included as a normally developing reference group (R). PRE inclusion decreased ketones and increased circulating glucose levels but had no impact on spasms. In the liver, PRE increased triglyceride concentrations, decreased carnitine levels, and downregulated genes encoding enzymes responsible for ketogenesis. In the hippocampus, PRE increased glutathione levels but did not affect the maximal respiratory capacity of mitochondria. Analysis of the gut microbiota showed that KD + PRE increased microbial richness and the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium pseudolongum and Lactobacillus johnsonii. No differences in developmental milestones (i.e., surface righting, negative geotaxis, and open field behavior) were observed between KD and KD + PRE, except for ultrasonic vocalizations that were more frequent in KD + PRE. In summary, PRE did not impact spasms or developmental outcomes, but was effective in improving both metabolic parameters and gut microbiota diversity.

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Pinchaud, Katleen, Zeeshan Hafeez, Sandrine Auger, Jean-Marc Chatel, Sead Chadi, Philippe Langella, Justine Paoli, Annie Dary-Mourot, Katy Maguin-Gaté e Jean Luc Olivier. "Impact of Dietary Arachidonic Acid on Gut Microbiota Composition and Gut–Brain Axis in Male BALB/C Mice". Nutrients 14, n. 24 (15 dicembre 2022): 5338. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14245338.

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Although arachidonic acid (ARA) is the precursor of the majority of eicosanoids, its influence as a food component on health is not well known. Therefore, we investigated its impact on the gut microbiota and gut–brain axis. Groups of male BALB/c mice were fed either a standard diet containing 5% lipids (Std-ARA) or 15%-lipid diets without ARA (HL-ARA) or with 1% ARA (HL + ARA) for 9 weeks. Fatty acid profiles of all three diets were the same. The HL-ARA diet favored the growth of Bifidobacterium pseudolongum contrary to the HL + ARA diet that favored the pro-inflammatory Escherichia–Shigella genus in fecal microbiota. Dietary ARA intake induced 4- and 15-fold colic overexpression of the pro-inflammatory markers IL-1β and CD40, respectively, without affecting those of TNFα and adiponectin. In the brain, dietary ARA intake led to moderate overexpression of GFAP in the hippocampus and cortex. Both the hyperlipidic diets reduced IL-6 and IL-12 in the brain. For the first time, it was shown that dietary ARA altered the gut microbiota, led to low-grade colic inflammation, and induced astrogliosis in the brain. Further work is necessary to determine the involved mechanisms.

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