Articoli di riviste: "Ben cao"

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Unschuld, P. "The Ben Cao Gan Mu". Journal of Acupuncture and Meridian Studies 11, n. 4 (agosto 2018): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jams.2018.08.115.

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Babu, Numbury Surendra, e Didugu Jayaprakash. "Computational Study of the Stability of Tautomers and equilibrium constants of Cyanuric acid (CA) in Different solvents." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY 11, n. 2 (22 gennaio 2015): 3485–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jac.v11i2.6691.

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In the present investigation, the tautomeric and equilibrium of Cyanuric acid has been studied using Hartifock (HF) method in the gas phase and different solvents using the PCM model. The relative energies of these tautomers have been calculated at the HF level of theory using 6-311++ G (d,p) basis set. Energetics and relative stabilities of the tautomers were compared and analyzed in both the gaseous and different solvents. The results indicate that the keto tautomer (CA1) is the most stable form in the gas phase and other solvents. The order of stability of isomers was found to be CA1 > CA3> CA11> CA2> CA6> CA10> CA7> CA4> CA5> CA9>CA8. Having the largest dipole moment the CA8 tautomer is expected to have the strongest interaction with polar solvents. The HF method calculated tautomeric equilibrium constants with respect to the most stable tautomer CA1 of Cyanuric acid both in the gas and in different solvents. The of the equilibrium constants calculated starting from the general outline of interconversion.

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Ali, Nur Shidaa Mohd, Abu Bakar Salleh, Thean Chor Leow, Raja Noor Zaliha Raja Abd Rahman e Mohd Shukuri Mohamad Ali. "The Influence of Calcium toward Order/Disorder Conformation of Repeat-in-Toxin (RTX) Structure of Family I.3 Lipase from Pseudomonas fluorescens AMS8". Toxins 12, n. 9 (9 settembre 2020): 579. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins12090579.

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Calcium-binding plays a decisive role in the folding and stabilization of many RTX proteins, especially for the RTX domain. Although many studies have been conducted to prove the contribution of Ca2+ ion toward the folding and stabilization of RTX proteins, its functional dynamics and conformational structural changes remain elusive. Here, molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed to analyze the contribution of Ca2+ ion toward the folding and stabilization of the RTX lipase (AMS8 lipase) structure. AMS8 lipase contains six Ca2+ ions (Ca1–Ca6). Three Ca2+ ions (Ca3, Ca4, and Ca5) were bound to the RTX parallel β-roll motif repeat structure (RTX domain). The metal ion (Ca2+) docking analysis gives a high binding energy, especially for Ca4 and Ca5 which are tightly bound to the RTX domain. The function of each Ca2+ ion is further analyzed using the MD simulation. The removal of Ca3, Ca4, and Ca5 caused the AMS8 lipase structure to become unstable and unfolded. The results suggested that Ca3, Ca4, and Ca5 stabilized the RTX domain. In conclusion, Ca3, Ca4, and Ca5 play a crucial role in the folding and stabilization of the RTX domain, which sustain the integrity of the overall AMS8 lipase structure.

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Yang, Dongfang, e Xingliang Yang. "Historical background of Ben Cao Gang Mu (《本草纲目》 Compendium of Materia Medica)". Chinese Medicine and Culture 2, n. 1 (2019): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/cmac.cmac_8_19.

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Chiu, Patrick. "From Hai Yao, Yang Yao to Xi Yao: Sinification of Material Medical from the West". Chinese Medicine and Culture 6, n. 4 (dicembre 2023): 319–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mc9.0000000000000088.

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In ancient China, Daoist philosophers developed the concepts of qi (energy), Wu Xing (five elements), and yin (feminine, dark, negative) and yang (masculine, bright, positive) opposite forces between 200 and 600 BCE. Based on these philosophies, Zhen Jiu (acupuncture), Ben Cao (materia medica), and the practice of Qi Gong (energy optimization movements) evolved as the three interrelated therapeutic regimens of Chinese medicine (Note 1). Since the time of Zhang Qian, who discovered China’s western regions in the 1st century BCE, Hai Yao (the exotic elements of materia medica from the maritime Silk Road countries), had been transmitted from the ancient land and maritime routes of the Silk Road to China in the past two millennia (Note 2). Since the late 17th century, the English East India Company, later called the British East India Company, introduced Yang Yao (opium) to the Manchu Qing Empire to balance a growing trade deficit for tea export from China to the British Empire. After the First Opium War ended in 1842, enterprising expatriate chemists and druggists in the treaty ports imported Xi Yao (modern medicines from the Western world) for sale to the merchant navy and the local market. From the second half of the 19th century onwards, both Hai Yao and Xi Yao have become a fully integrated part of modern China’s armamentarium for the Chinese medicine and Western hospitals and retail pharmacy sectors. This paper articulates the journey of adoption of exotic elements of materia medica from the ancient land and sea routes of the Silk Road, including the western regions and the rest of the world in the past two millennia. Opium traders, ship surgeons, medical and pharmaceutical missionaries, enterprising traders, and policymakers together transformed Ben Cao into Xi Yao during the late Manchu Qing dynasty and the early Nationalist Era.

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Zhou, Min. "Historical figures promoting the communication of Ben Cao Gang Mu (《本草纲目》Compendium of Materia Medica) in Japan". Chinese Medicine and Culture 1, n. 3 (2018): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/cmac.cmac_43_18.

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Yang, Baican, Yiwen Yang e Xiaobei Jiang. "Analysis of the application of “Jing (精)” in Ben Cao Gang Mu (《本草纲目》 Compendium of Materia Medica)". Chinese Medicine and Culture 3, n. 2 (2020): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/cmac.cmac_6_20.

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Zhu, Bangxian. "Comments on Ben Cao Gang Mu Cai Se Yao Tu (《本草纲目彩色药图》 Colored Illustrations of Compendium of Chinese Materia Medica)". Chinese Medicine and Culture 2, n. 4 (2019): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/cmac.cmac_44_19.

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Lu, Di. "Dictionary of the Ben cao gang mu. Vol. 1, Chinese Historical Illness Terminology, edited by Zhang Zhibin and Paul U. Unschuld Dictionary of the Ben cao gang mu. Vol. 2, Geographical and Administrative Designations, edited by Hua Linfu, Paul D. Buell, and Paul U. Unschuld Dictionary of the Ben cao gang mu. Vol. 3, Persons and Literary Sources, edited by Zheng Jinsheng, Nalini Kirk, Paul D. Buell, and Paul U. Unschuld". Asian Medicine 14, n. 1 (2 settembre 2019): 173–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15734218-12341439.

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Zhang, Min, Na Li, Xiao Bo Qu, Su Luo e Gregor P. C. Drummen. "Total velvet-antler polypeptide extract from Cervus nippon Temminck induces cell proliferation and activation of the PI3K–Akt signalling pathway in human peripheral blood lymphocytes". Animal Production Science 56, n. 6 (2016): 1008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an15103.

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Velvet antler (VA) has been used for centuries as a traditional medicine to treat a wide range of health problems. VA was first recorded in the Chinese medical classics Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing 2000 years ago. VA has been extensively used to strengthen bones and muscles, promote blood flow and increase immune function. In the present study, we used VA (Cervus nippon Temminck) protein extract (VAPE) to induce cell proliferation and differentiation in human peripheral blood lymphocyte cell line 1301 cells. The results showed that 100 µg/mL of VAPE could significantly induce 1301-cell proliferation (151.3%), increase the population of S-phase cells and increase the expression of CDK4. In addition, VAPE could effectively increase the expression levels of PI3K and Akt and activate PI3K–Akt signal pathway. These findings have provided novel insights into the further understanding of the molecular and signalling pathway mechanisms of VAPE in promoting proliferation of human peripheral blood lymphocyte cells.

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Nwaubani, P., A. Colasanti, M. Cercignani e A. Warner. "MRI Analysis: Optimization of parameters for diffusion MRI to enhance hippocampal subfield analysis and segmentation (Preliminary Data)". European Psychiatry 65, S1 (giugno 2022): S638. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.1637.

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Introduction The hippocampus is an important, complex limbic structure anatomically embedded in the medial temporal lobe of each cerebral cortex, which has been implicated in the pathogenesis of neuro-inflammatory disease conditions. Few studies have focused on the characterization of the MRI neuroimaging signatures of highly physio- pathologically relevant subfields of the hippocampus (CA1, CA4-DG, CA2/CA3, SLRM). Objectives Using self-guided manually segmented, Diffusion weighted and NODDI maps created from data obtained from the Human Connectome Project (HCP) we intend to test whether Diffusion MRI-based quantitative imaging parameters (MD, FA, ODI, ISOVF, ICVF), indicative of microstructural characteristics of major hippocampal subfields (CA1, CA2/CA3, CA4-DG and SLRM), correspond to predictions for animal literature and imaging-histology correlations. We will also explore the correlations between these parameters and age. Methods We used images from the Public connectome data (updated April 2018), exploring subjects with the 3T MRI sessions obtainable from the WU-Minn HCP Data section. For the purpose of this study, we selected and downloaded 10 preliminary imaging data (6 females and 4 males) based on age variability in the following ranges (26-30, 31-35 and 36+). We manually segmented, and computed quantitative parameters. Results Converging and consistent literature allude to decreasing volumes with increasing age. Analyzing the volumes from the diffusion maps (pilot data), this was also the case, with volumes computed from CA1 and DG-CA4 sub regions. IQT also allowed for better appreciation of neuroanatomical boundaries and land marks, hence allowing more regions to be easily manually segmented (addition of CA2/CA3). Conclusions Application to Neuroinflammatory imaging data. Disclosure No significant relationships.

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HOANG, THANH SON, DAO-ZHANG MIN, PHAM THI KIM THOA e BO LI. "First record of Elsholtzia kachinensis (Lamiaceae: Nepetoideae) for the Flora of Vietnam". Phytotaxa 430, n. 1 (23 gennaio 2020): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.430.1.9.

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Elsholtzia Willdenow (1790: 3) is a genus of the family Lamiaceae and currently placed in tribe Elsholtzieae of subfamily Nepetoideae (Chen et al. 2016). As traditionally circumscribed, Elsholtzia contains about 40 species widely occurring in Africa, East Asia, Europe, and North America, with a particular high diversity in China (Li & Hedge 1994). There are 33 species, 15 varieties, and five forms recognized in Flora of China (Li & Hedge 1994), and two new species, E. lamprophylla Xiang & Liu (2012: 578) and E. litangensis C.X.Pu & W.Y.Chen in Pu et al. (2012: 174), were described in the recent decade. Most of Elsholtzia species were commonly used as traditional medicinal herbs or nectar source plants in China (Editorial Board of Zhong Hua Ben Cao 1999, Li & Hedge 1994). In the molecular phylogeny of Elsholtzia (Chen et al. 2016, Li et al. 2017), E. flava Bentham (1833: 161) and E. penduliflora Smith (1918: 176) have been revealed to be separated from the remainder of the genus, which were recently assigned to a new genus, Vuhuangia Solomon Raju, Molinari & Mayta in Mayta et al. (2016: 3).

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Huang, Jing‑Jia. "A Study on the Lost Essays of Zen Notes Xiaoying’s Luo Hu Ye Lu in the Song Dynasty -focus on “Chan Ben Cao” and “Pao Zhi Lun”". Journal of Chinese Studies 86 (30 novembre 2018): 57–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.36493/jcs.86.3.

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Wang, Shih-Han, Yi-Siao Chen, Kuei-Hung Lai, Chung-Kuang Lu, Hsun-Shuo Chang, Ho-Cheng Wu, Feng-Lin Yen, Lo-Yun Chen, Jin-Ching Lee e Chia-Hung Yen. "Prinsepiae Nux Extract Activates NRF2 Activity and Protects UVB-Induced Damage in Keratinocyte". Antioxidants 11, n. 9 (5 settembre 2022): 1755. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11091755.

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Ultraviolet B (UVB) is one of the most important environmental factors that cause extrinsic aging through increasing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the skin. Due to its protective roles against oxidative stress, nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor (NRF2) has been traditionally considered as a target for skin aging prevention. Here, we identified the extract of Prinsepiae Nux, a top-grade drug listed in Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing, as a potent NRF2 activator by high-throughput screening. A bioassay-guided fractionation experiment revealed that NRF2-activating components were concentrated in the 90% methanol (MP) fraction. MP fraction significantly increased the expression of NRF2 and HO-1 protein and upregulated HO-1 and NQO1 mRNA expression in HaCaT cells. Moreover, MP fraction pre-treatment dramatically reversed UVB-induced depletion of NRF2 and HO-1, accumulation of intracellular ROS, NF-κB activation, and the upregulation of pro-inflammatory genes. Finally, the qualitative analysis using UPLC-tandem mass spectroscopy revealed the most abundant ion peak in MP fraction was identified as α-linolenic acid, which was further proved to activate NRF2 signaling. Altogether, the molecular evidence suggested that MP fraction has the potential to be an excellent source for the discovery of natural medicine to treat/prevent UVB-induced skin damage.

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Iskandarova, Aygul, Shiavax J. Rao, Gabriel J. Yohe, Ankit B. Shah e Aviram M. Giladi. "Distal Upper Extremity Arterial Calcification as a Predictor for Subclinical Coronary Artery Disease by Coronary Artery Calcium Scoring". Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open 12, n. 4 (aprile 2024): e5768. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/gox.0000000000005768.

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Summary: Several studies have linked calcification of the thoracic and lower extremity arterial trunks to an increased risk of developing coronary artery disease (CAD). Calcifications of the radial and/or ulnar artery are regularly identified in hand/wrist x-rays; however, the clinical relevance of these findings as related to identifying subclinical CAD is not well understood. Associations between CAD and upper extremity calcifications have been reported, but the timeline is unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between upper extremity arterial calcifications on hand radiographs with CAD by coronary artery calcification (CAC) scoring in patients with no known history of CAD. This is a pilot single-center, prospective, matched cohort study. We included patients with no known history of CAD, related symptoms, or major risk factors. We recruited five patients with calcifications (cal+) and five patients matched by age, race, sex, and medical history but without calcifications (cal−). CAC scores were determined from computed tomography scanning, and lipid profile was evaluated. In the cal+ group, the mean CAC total score was 244.1; in the control (cal−) group, it was 85.2. The mean total cholesterol levels were 220.8 mg per dL and 167 mg per dL in the cal+ and cal− groups, respectively. Two cal+ patients with CAC scores of 937 and 669 died shortly after being enrolled in our study. Preliminary findings suggest that calcifications in the radial or ulnar artery in otherwise asymptomatic patients with no history of CAD may be an independent sign of CAD.

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Luo, Yu, Jiani Tang, Xu Liu, Jianping Qiu, Zi Ye, Yan Lai, Yian Yao, Jimin Li, Xiaodong Wang e Xuebo Liu. "Coronary Artery Aneurysm Differs From Coronary Artery Ectasia: Angiographic Characteristics and Cardiovascular Risk Factor Analysis in Patients Referred for Coronary Angiography". Angiology 68, n. 9 (27 agosto 2016): 823–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003319716665690.

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The differences in angiographic characteristics and cardiovascular (CV) risk factors between coronary artery aneurysm (CAA) and coronary artery ectasia (CAE) have not been compared systematically. Of 10 876 patients undergoing coronary angiography, patients with CAA (n = 85) and CAE (n = 51) were screened. The prevalence of CAA was greater than that of CAE ( P < .05). The right coronary artery was the most involved (70.6%) in CAE compared with left circumflex (52.9%) and left anterior descending (41.2%). Coronary artery aneurysm coexisted with coronary artery disease (CAD) more frequently than CAE ( P = .002), and the modified Gensini score of CAA was also higher than that of CAE ( P < .001). The average maximum diameter was smaller, and corrected Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) frame count was lower in CAA than CAE in all 3 coronary arteries ( P < .001). Multivariate analysis showed that hyperlipidemia ( P = .02), smoking ( P = .04), and family history of CAD ( P = .02) were the independent variables most strongly associated with CAA, but not CAE. This study suggests that there are significant differences in coronary angiographic characteristics and CV risk factors between CAA and CAE.

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Lazic, B., T. Armbruster, V. B. Savelyeva, A. E. Zadov, N. N. Pertsev e P. Dzierżanowski. "Galuskinite, Ca7(SiO4)3(CO3), a new skarn mineral from the Birkhin gabbro massif, Eastern Siberia, Russia". Mineralogical Magazine 75, n. 5 (ottobre 2011): 2631–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2011.075.5.2631.

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AbstractIn addition to spurrite, Ca5(SiO4)2(CO3), and tilleyite, Ca5(Si2O7)(CO3)2, galuskinite, C is the third mineral in the CaO—SiO2—CO2ternary system. Galuskinite, monoclinic, space groupP21/c (a =18.79,b =6.72,c= 10.47 Å, β = 90.79°,V =1322 Å3,Z =4), occurs in thin veins which cut calcio-olivine, γ-Ca2SiO4, skarn with larnite, β-Ca2SiO4, relics. Pavlovskyite, Ca8(SiO4)2(Si3O10), and dellaite, Ca6(Si2O7)(SiO4)(OH)2, form a margin between the veins and the calcio-olivine skarn. The sanidinite facies high-temperature skarn formed ∼500 Ma ago when gabbroid rocks of the Birkhin complex (Baikal area, Eastern Siberia, Russia) intruded and contact-metamorphosed limestone xenoliths. Galuskinite is a retrograde product of skarn alteration and has neither been described from cement clinker production processes nor from studies of the CaO—SiO2—CO2system. The crystal structure of galuskinite, refined from single crystal X-ray data toRi =3.1%, has a modular character. One may define a polysomatic series with spurrite and larnite as endmembers and galuskinite as a 1:1 polysome built from regular alternating spurrite and larnite modules. Differences between the X-ray powder patterns of galuskinite and spurrite are most obvious in the low 8 region. Galuskinite is named after the Russian mineralogists Irina O. Galuskina and Evgeny V. Galuskin, Faculty of Earth Sciences. University of Silesia, Poland, for their outstanding contributions to skarn mineralogy.

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Guo, Haoran, Hongliang Zeng, Chuhan Fu, Jinhua Huang, Jianyun Lu, Yibo Hu, Ying Zhou et al. "Identification of Sitogluside as a Potential Skin-Pigmentation-Reducing Agent through Network Pharmacology". Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2021 (23 settembre 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4883398.

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Many traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) with skin-whitening properties have been recorded in the Ben-Cao-Gang-Mu and in folk prescriptions, and some literature confirms that their extracts do have the potential to inhibit pigmentation. However, no systematic studies have identified the specific regulatory mechanisms of the potential active ingredients. The aim of this study was to screen the ingredients in TCMs that inhibit skin pigmentation through a network pharmacology system and to explore underlying mechanisms. We identified 148 potential active ingredients from 14 TCMs, and based on the average “degree” of the topological parameters, the top five TCMs (Fructus Ligustri Lucidi, Hedysarum multijugum Maxim., Ampelopsis japonica, Pseudobulbus Cremastrae Seu Pleiones, and Paeoniae Radix Alba) that were most likely to cause skin-whitening through anti-inflammatory processes were selected. Sitogluside, the most common ingredient in the top five TCMs, inhibits melanogenesis in human melanoma cells (MNT1) and murine melanoma cells (B16F0) and decreases skin pigmentation in zebrafish. Furthermore, mechanistic research revealed that sitogluside is capable of downregulating tyrosinase (TYR) expression by inhibiting the ERK and p38 pathways and inhibiting TYR activity. These results demonstrate that network pharmacology is an effective tool for the discovery of natural compounds with skin-whitening properties and determination of their possible mechanisms. Sitogluside is a novel skin-whitening active ingredient with dual regulatory effects that inhibit TYR expression and activity.

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Sairanen, Tiina R., Perttu J. Lindsberg, Michael Brenner e Anna-Leena Sirén. "Global Forebrain Ischemia Results in Differential Cellular Expression of Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and its Receptor at mRNA and Protein Level". Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 17, n. 10 (ottobre 1997): 1107–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004647-199710000-00013.

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The mRNA expression of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) has been shown to be induced in neural elements during ischemia. It is not clear which cells generate the IL-1β mRNA and eventually synthesize IL-1 protein and which cells respond to this signaling by producing IL-1 receptors during ischemia. To clarify this question, rats were subjected to global ischemia by bilateral carotid occlusion and hypotension for 20 minutes, followed by reperfusion for 2 hours (n = 7), 8 hours (n = 7), or 24 hours (n = 7). Cryostat sections were hybridized using antisense oligonucleotide probes (30 dimer). Multiple cell markers were used in immunohistochemical staining to identify the cells expressing IL-1β and IL-1R protein. The sham animals (n = 5) showed no or only a weak expression of IL-1R or IL-1β mRNA. The number of IL-1β mRNA-expressing cells was significantly increased by 2 hours of reperfusion in several brain areas including cortex (12-fold compared with sham) and caudate-putamen (14-fold), and was maximally increased in most hippocampal regions by 8 hours of reperfusion (mean ± SD of positive cells/field versus sham equivalent being 37.9 ± 12.3 versus 4.0 ± 3.3; 30.6 ± 9.0 versus 3.1 ± 2.3; 41.3 ± 17.5 versus 2.9 ± 1.9; in CA1; CA2; CA3/CA4 regions of the hippocampus, respectively). IL-1β mRNA signal was also intensified in the white matter areas. Changes in IL-1R mRNA were seen in the hippocampus (after 2 hours CA1: 16-fold; CA2: 17-fold; DG: 24-fold increase; and CA3/CA4: 10-fold increase after 8 hours), and the expression was prolonged especially in CA1 and CA2 regions up to 24 hours of reperfusion. The major cellular source of IL-1β protein was glia (astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, and scattered perivascular macrophages/monocytes), while neurons and sporadic microvascular endothelia showed IL-1R immunoreactivity. The data suggest that neurons in discrete areas vulnerable for selective neuronal death, and possibly the vascular endothelium, are target cells for ischemia-induced glial IL-1β production.

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Shen, Shunong. "A review on Ben Cao Gang Mu Ying Jiao Dui Zhao (《本草纲目影校对照》 A contrast between the photocopy and collation of compendium of Materia Medica)". Chinese Medicine and Culture 2, n. 2 (2019): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/cmac.cmac_7_19.

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Bramwell, M. E., G. Wiseman e D. M. Shotton. "Electron-microscopic studies of the CA antigen, epitectin". Journal of Cell Science 86, n. 1 (1 dicembre 1986): 249–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.86.1.249.

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Epitectin, the mucin-like glycoprotein defined by the monoclonal antibodies CA1, CA2 and CA3, has been examined by electron microscopy to determine its shape and size. It appears to be a single extended strand with a mean length of about 270 nm. The antibodies CA1 and CA2 appear to bind preferentially to a terminal site on the epitectin molecule.

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Blom, Kim, Huiberdina L. Koek, Maarten H. T. Zwartbol, Rashid Ghaznawi, Hugo J. Kuijf, Theo D. Witkamp, Jeroen Hendrikse, Geert Jan Biessels e Mirjam I. Geerlings. "Vascular Risk Factors of Hippocampal Subfield Volumes in Persons without Dementia: The Medea 7T Study". Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 77, n. 3 (29 settembre 2020): 1223–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jad-200159.

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Background: Vascular risk factors have been associated with risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and volume loss of the hippocampus, but the associations with subfields of the hippocampus are understudied. Knowing if vascular risk factors contribute to hippocampal subfield atrophy may improve our understanding of vascular contributions to neurodegenerative diseases. Objective: To investigate the associations between age, sex, and vascular risk factors with hippocampal subfields volumes on 7T MRI in older persons without dementia. Methods: From the Medea 7T study, 283 participants (67±9 years, 68% men) without dementia had 7T brain MRI and hippocampal subfield segmentation. Subfields were automatically segmented on the 3D T2-weighted 7T images with ASHS software. Using linear mixed models, we estimated adjusted associations of age, sex, and vascular risk factors with z-scores of volumes of the entorhinal cortex (ERC), subiculum (SUB), Cornu Ammonis (CA)1, CA2, CA3, CA4, and dentate gyrus (DG), and tail as multivariate correlated outcomes. Results: Increasing age was associated with smaller volumes in all subfields, except CA4/DG. Current smoking was associated with smaller ERC and SUB volumes; moderate alcohol use with smaller CA1 and CA4/DG, obesity with smaller volumes of ERC, SUB, CA2, CA3, and tail; and diabetes mellitus with smaller SUB volume. Sex, former smoking, and hypertension were not associated with subfield volumes. When formally tested, no risk factor affected the subfield volumes differentially. Conclusion: Several vascular risk factors were associated with smaller volumes of specific hippocampal subfields. However, no statistical evidence was found that subfields were differentially affected by these risk factors.

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Hưng, Nguyễn Thành, e Bạch Thanh Trọng. "TÁC ĐỘNG CỦA VIỆC THU HỒI ĐẤT CHO MỤC ĐÍCH PHÁT TRIỂN CÔNG NGHIỆP ĐẾN SINH KẾ NGƯỜI DÂN TRÊN ĐỊA BÀN THỊ XÃ BẾN CÁT, TỈNH BÌNH DƯƠNG". Tạp chí Khoa học và công nghệ nông nghiệp, Trường Đại học Nông Lâm Huế 4, n. 2 (17 agosto 2020): 1851–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.46826/huaf-jasat.v4n2y2020.437.

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Kết quả phân tích mô hình logistic của 130 hộ gia đình bị thu hồi đất cho mục đích phát triển công nghiệp trên địa bàn thị xã Bến Cát cho thấy có 5 nhân tố từ cao cho tới thấp ảnh hưởng đến thu nhập của người dân sau khi bị thu hồi đất như sau: (1) Sử dụng tiền đền bù để đầu tư kinh doanh; (2) Diện tích bị thu hồi; (3) Số lao động tạo ra thu nhập trong hộ gia đình; (4) Trình độ học vấn của chủ hộ; (5) Tỷ lệ người phụ thuộc trong hộ gia đình. Kết quả nghiên cứu này là nguồn tài liệu tham khảo cho các cơ quan nhà nước có thẩm quyền trong hoạt động ban hành, sửa đổi, bổ sung các quy định của pháp luật đất đai liên quan tới lĩnh vực thu hồi đất cho mục đích phát triển công nghiệp. ABSTRACT The results of logistic model analysis of 130 households whose land recovered for the purpose of industrial development in Ben Cat town showed that there are 5 factors from high to low affecting people's income after land acquisition as follows: (1) Use of money compensation for business investment; (2) Area acquired; (3) Number of employees generating income in the household; (4) Educational attainment of householder; (5) Proportion of dependents in the household. The results of this study are used as a reference source for competent state agencies in issuing, amending and supplementing the provisions of the land law related to the field of land acquisition for the industry development purpose.

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Chang, Tian-Gen, Yingying Cao, Eldad D. Shulman, Uri Ben-David, Alejandro A. Schäffer e Eytan Ruppin. "Abstract A018: Optimizing cancer immunotherapy response prediction by tumor aneuploidy score and fraction of copy number alterations". Molecular Cancer Therapeutics 22, n. 12_Supplement (1 dicembre 2023): A018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1535-7163.targ-23-a018.

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Abstract (sommario):

Abstract Identifying patients that are likely to respond to cancer immunotherapy is an important, yet highly challenging clinical need. Using 3139 patients across 17 different cancer types, we comprehensively studied the ability of two common copy-number alteration (CNA) scores—the tumor aneuploidy score (AS) and the fraction of genome single nucleotide polymorphism encompassed by copy-number alterations (FGA)—to predict survival following immunotherapy in both pan-cancer and individual cancer types. First, we show that choice of cutoff during CNA calling significantly influences the predictive power of AS and FGA for patient survival following immunotherapy. Remarkably, by using proper cutoff during CNA calling, AS and FGA can predict pan-cancer survival following immunotherapy for both high-TMB and low-TMB patients. However, at the individual cancer level, our data suggest that the use of AS and FGA for predicting immunotherapy response is currently limited to only a few cancer types. Therefore, larger sample sizes are needed to evaluate the clinical utility of these measures for patient stratification in other cancer types. Finally, we propose a simple, non-parameterized, elbow-point-based method to help determine the cutoff used for calling CNAs. Citation Format: Tian-Gen Chang, Yingying Cao, Eldad D Shulman, Uri Ben-David, Alejandro A. Schäffer, Eytan Ruppin. Optimizing cancer immunotherapy response prediction by tumor aneuploidy score and fraction of copy number alterations [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC Virtual International Conference on Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2023 Oct 11-15; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2023;22(12 Suppl):Abstract nr A018.

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Izsáki, Zoltán. "A lóbab (Vicia faba L.) szárazanyag-felhalmozása és tápelemfelvétele". Agrokémia és Talajtan 66, n. 1 (giugno 2017): 111–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/0088.2017.66.1.7.

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Abstract (sommario):

Kísérleti munkánk célja volt, hogy műtrágyázási tartamkísérletben vizsgáljuk a N-, P- és K-ellátottság hatását a lóbab szárazanyag-felhalmozására és tápelemfelvételére. A műtrágyázási tartamkísérletet 1989-ben állítottuk be mélyben karbonátos csernozjom réti talajon, 4-4 N-, P- és K-ellátottsági szinten, teljes kezelés-kombinációban, 64 kezeléssel. A tápelem-felvételi vizsgálatokra 15 kezelést választottunk ki. Jelen dolgozatban a 2001. évi kísérlet eredményei szerepelnek, melyek alábbiakban foglalhatók össze: A lóbab tenyészidejének első felében a 60. napig, a virágzás-hüvelyképződés kezdetéig a szárazanyag-felhalmozás mérsékelt ütemű, az összes biomassza tömegnek 26%-a halmozódik fel. Az intenzív szárazanyag beépülés a hüvely és magképződés időszakára esik, és a tenyészidő 90. napján a levél + szár tömege eléri maximumát (2,25 t ha−1), és a hüvely + mag tömege (2,64 t ha−1) az összes szárazanyag-termésből 54%-ban részesedik. A teljes érés fázisában, a tenyészidő 115. napján a maximális földfeletti szárazanyag-tömegből (5,72 t ha−1) a mag 54%- ban (3,07 t ha−1), a levél + szár 30%-ban (1,69 t ha−1) és a hüvely 16%-ban (0,96 t ha−1) részesedik. A tenyészidő 35. napján, a lóbab 5-6 leveles fejlettségében a legnagyobb a leveles szár makro elem koncentrációja, ami a teljes érésig fokozatosan csökken. A hüvelytermésben a N-, P-, K- és Mg-koncentráció ugyancsak hígulást mutat, míg a Na és Ca esetében koncentráció növekedés tapasztalható. A növényi részek között N-ben és P-ban a mag a leggazdagabb. A magba több K épül be, mint a leveles szárba, míg Mg-ból kevesebb. A leveles szár Cu- és Fe-tartalma a teljes érésben a legnagyobb, míg a Zn- és Mn-koncentráció a tenyészidő alatt fokozatosan csökken. A Cu és a Zn elsősorban a magban koncentrálódik, míg a Mn és a Fe a leveles szárban. A lóbab összes N- és P-felvételének maximumát a tenyészidő végén, a teljes érésben éri el. A növénybe épült összes K, Na, Ca és Mg mennyisége a hüvelytelítődés-magképződés időszakában tetőzik, majd a teljes érésig csökken. A lóbab által felvett összes makro elemből a magban halmozódik fel a N 83%-a, a P 82%-a, a K 45%-a, a Na 8 %-a, a Ca 10 %-a és a Mg 48%-a. A leveles szárban pedig a N 7%-a, a P 12%-a, a K 21%-a, a Na 66%-a, a Ca 82%-a és a Mg 33%-a. A teljes érésben végzett tápelem-felvételi vizsgálatok alapján a lóbab fajlagos elemfelvétele 1 tonna magterméshez a hozzátartozó mellékterméssel együtt a következő: N 61,8 kg, P 9,6 kg (P2O5 22,0 kg), K 22,0 kg (K2O 26,4 kg), Na 5,1 kg (Na2O 6,9 kg), Ca 5,8 kg (CaO 8,1 kg); Mg 3,4 kg (MgO 5,7 kg) ; Cu 15 g, Zn 75 g, Mn 50 és Fe 374 g.

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FUEKI, Tsukasa, Takanori MATSUOKA, Toshiaki MAKINO, Takao NAMIKI, Masashi BEPPU, Hidetoshi YAMAGUCHI, Hideyuki NAKATA et al. "The Weights in Ben Cao Jing Ji Zhu (Dun Huang Version) and the Volume of a Fang Cun Bi (One Cun Square Spoon) : Weights and Measures in the Period when the Shan Han Lun was Written". Kampo Medicine 65, n. 1 (2014): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3937/kampomed.65.38.

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Wang, Jun, Mark F. Yeckel, Daniel Johnston e Robert S. Zucker. "Photolysis of Postsynaptic Caged Ca2+ Can Potentiate and Depress Mossy Fiber Synaptic Responses in Rat Hippocampal CA3 Pyramidal Neurons". Journal of Neurophysiology 91, n. 4 (aprile 2004): 1596–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01073.2003.

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Abstract (sommario):

The induction of mossy fiber-CA3 long-term potentiation (LTP) and depression (LTD) has been variously described as being dependent on either pre- or postsynaptic factors. Some of the postsynaptic factors for LTP induction include ephrin-B receptor tyrosine kinases and a rise in postsynaptic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i). Ca2+ is also believed to be involved in the induction of the various forms of LTD at this synapse. We used photolysis of caged Ca2+ compounds to test whether a postsynaptic rise in [Ca2+]i is sufficient to induce changes in synaptic transmission at mossy fiber synapses onto rat hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons. We were able to elevate postsynaptic [Ca2+]i to approximately 1 μm for a few seconds in pyramidal cell somata and dendrites. We estimate that CA3 pyramidal neurons have approximately fivefold greater endogenous Ca2+ buffer capacity than CA1 neurons, limiting the rise in [Ca2+]i achievable by photolysis. This [Ca2+]i rise induced either a potentiation or a depression at mossy fiber synapses in different preparations. Neither the potentiation nor the depression was accompanied by consistent changes in paired-pulse facilitation, suggesting that these forms of plasticity may be distinct from synaptically induced LTP and LTD at this synapse. Our results are consistent with a postsynaptic locus for the induction of at least some forms of synaptic plasticity at mossy fiber synapses.

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Wang, Haocheng, Haoming Ning, Zhenjun Fan e Guangyao Liu. "Analysis of Phase Diagram of CaO-CoOx-ErOy and Crystal Structure of Perovskite (Ca3−xErx)Co2O6−z Solid Solution". Energies 16, n. 13 (26 giugno 2023): 4958. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16134958.

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Abstract (sommario):

In this work, a series of compounds in the CaO-CoOx-ErOy ternary oxide system were synthesized in air at 885 °C, using a high temperature solid-phase synthesis method. The phase boundary of each solid solution region in the CaO-CoOx-ErOy system was determined by X-ray powder diffraction techniques. The phase diagram of the CaO-CoOx-ErOy system at 885 °C includes three series of ternary oxide solid solutions: (Ca3−xErx)Co4O9−z (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.9), (Ca3−xErx)Co2O6−z (0 ≤ x ≤ 1.25), and (Er1−xCax)CoO3−z (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.33). Four three-phase regions and five solid solution tie-line regions were obtained. The structure of the perovskite solid solution (Ca3−xErx)Co2O6−z has been analyzed by Rietveld refinements. With the increase of Er content, the cell parameters of (Ca3−xErx)Co2O6−z exhibit a decreasing trend in a and b directions and an increasing trend in c direction. A brief comparison of the phase diagrams of the CaO-CoOx-ROy (R = La, Dy, and Er) systems in air at 885 °C is provided.

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Boyanov, B. S. "Solid state interactions in the systems CaO(CaCO3)-Fe2O3 and CuFe2O4-CaO". Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Metallurgy 41, n. 1 (2005): 67–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jmmb0501067b.

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Abstract (sommario):

The solid state interactions in the systems CaO(CaCO3)-Fe2O3 and CuFe2O4-CaO have been studied using X-ray diffraction analysis. The influence of the temperature on the ferrite formation process has been investigated in the range of 900-1200 oC and duration up to 360 min. It has been shown that a mixture of ferrites forms at 1000 oC and interaction of 240 min. The exchange reactions in the systems CuFe2O4-CaO and Cu0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4-CaO have been studied, too. It has been established that Ca2+ ions exchange Cu2+ and Zn2 partially and the solubility of copper and zinc in a 7 % sulfuric acid solution increases 10-15 times.

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Holtstam, Dan, Fernando Cámara e Andreas Karlsson. "Instalment of the margarosanite group, and data on walstromite–margarosanite solid solutions from the Jakobsberg Mn–Fe deposit, Värmland, Sweden". Mineralogical Magazine 85, n. 2 (15 febbraio 2021): 224–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/mgm.2021.15.

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AbstractThe margarosanite group (now officially confirmed by IMA-CNMNC) consists of triclinic Ca-(Ba, Pb) cyclosilicates with three-membered [Si3O9]6– rings (3R), with the general formula AB2Si3O9, where A = Pb, Ba and Ca and B = Ca. A closest-packed arrangement of O atoms parallel to (101) hosts Si and B cations in interstitial sites in alternating layers. The 3R layer has three independent Si sites in each ring. Divalent cations occupy three independent sites: Ca in B occupies two nonequivalent sites, Ca1 (8-fold coordinated), and Ca2 (6-fold coordinated). A (=Ca3) is occupied by Pb2+ (or Ba2+) in 6+4 coordination, or 6+1 when occupied by Ca; this third site occurs within the 3R-layer in a peripheral position. Three minerals belong to this group: margarosanite (ideally PbCa2Si3O9), walstromite (BaCa2Si3O9) and breyite (CaCa2Si3O9). So far, no solid solutions involving the Ca1 and Ca2 sites have been described. Therefore, root names depend on the composition of the Ca3 site only. Isomorphic replacement at the Ca3 sites has been noted. We here report data on a skarn sample from the Jakobsberg Mn–Fe oxide deposit, in Värmland, Sweden, representing intermediate compositions on the walstromite–margarosanite binary, in the range ca. 50–70% mol.% BaCa2Si3O9. The Pb-rich walstromite is associated closely with celsian, phlogopite, andradite, vesuvianite, diopside and nasonite. A crystal-structure refinement (R1 = 4.8%) confirmed the structure type, and showed that the Ca3 (Ba, Pb) site is split into two positions separated by 0.39 Å, with the Ba atoms found slightly more peripheral to the 3R-layers.

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Tkachuk, S., O. Tkachuk, M. Povar, O. Yasinska e O. Denysenko. "State of proteolytic and fibrinolytic processes in the brain of rats with experimental diabetes mellitus complicated by cerebrovascular accident in the basin of the carotid arteries". Journal of Education, Health and Sport 11, n. 7 (29 luglio 2021): 288–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2021.11.07.027.

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Abstract (sommario):

Introduction. The imbalance in the protease-antiprotease system is an integral part of the pathogenesis of acute disorder of cerebrovascular circulation and diabetes mellitus (DM), but its manifestations in the complication of diabetes by ischemia-reperfusion of the brain have not been investigated yet. The objective of the work – to study the dynamics of carotid ischemia-reperfusion effect on the proteo- and fibrinolytic activity in brain structures of rats with experimental DM. Rats with the four-month streptozotocin DM were modeled bilateral carotene ischemia during 20 minutes. In homogenates of brain structures, indicators of proteo- fibrinolytic activity were determined after 1 hour from the beginning of reperfusion and during the 12th day of the post-ischemic period. In the absence of DM, the proteolytic activity of all or individual indicators il increased in both periods of the post-ischemic period in the cortex of the frontal and occipital lobes, the fields of hippocampus CA2 and CA3, and during the 12th day in the field CA1. Results. In rats with diabetes, in all brain structures, there are no changes in the lysis of azo-albumin and azo-casein in both terms of observation and lysis of collagen progressively decreases. In rats without DM in the cortex of the studied particles, fields of the hippocampus CA1 and CA2, all or separate indices of fibrinolytic activity are increased in both periods of the post-ischemic period, in the field CA3 – all indices at the 12th day. In the presence of diabetes in the cortex of both studied lobes and the field CA1, the fibrinolytic activity decreases in the late post-ischemic period, in the fields of CA2 and CA3 – during both observation periods. Conclusion. In the brain structures under investigation at both time intervals, the DM eliminates the reaction of low and high molecular weight proteins to the ischemia-reperfusion and suppresses fibrinolytic activity.

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Thilmany, Jean. "CAD meets CAE". Mechanical Engineering 121, n. 10 (1 ottobre 1999): 66–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1999-oct-4.

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This article focuses on engineering developments to integrate computer-aided engineering (CAE) and computer-aided design (CAD) capabilities in a software. CAD/CAE software suites are making their way to the forefront of current design practices, because they contain capabilities that allow designers to build an initial prototype that has already been analyzed by the CAE system for design flaws. Engineers at Cannondale have used an integrated CAD/CAE package to cut one year from the design time of their full-suspension Raven frame, which is both lightweight and stiff and has a suspension fork and a rear swing arm. The CAD software is used to design the bicycle frame while the CAE software immediately analyzes design flaws, which are then corrected, eliminating the need for continual prototyping. Companies are finding that the easy-to-learn nature of these CAD/CAE programs allows them to put analysis capability in the hands of design engineers for the first time.

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Kádár, Imre, e Péter Csathó. "A nitrogén és a réz közötti kölcsönhatás vizsgálata szabadföldi kukorica kísérletben". Agrokémia és Talajtan 64, n. 1 (giugno 2015): 177–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/0088.2015.64.1.12.

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Mészlepedékes csernozjom vályogtalajon beállított szabadföldi kísérletben vizs-gáltuk a NxCu elemek közötti kölcsönhatásokat 1991-ben kukoricával. A termőhely talaja a szántott rétegben 3% humuszt, 5% körüli CaCO3-ot és kb. 20% agyagot tartalmazott. Az elemzések alapján a terület talaja jó Ca-, Mg-, K-, Mn-, kielégítő Cu-, köze-pes N-, valamint gyenge-közepes P- és Zn-ellátottságú volt. A talajvíz 13–15 m mélyen van, tehát a terület aszályérzékeny. A kísérletet 4N×3Cu = 12 kezelés × 3 ismétlés = 36 parcellával állítottuk be osztott parcellás (split-plot) elrendezéssel. A N 0, 100, 200, 300 kg·ha−1, a Cu 0, 50, 100 kg·ha−1 adagokat jelentett Ca-ammóniumnitrát, illetve CuSO4 formájában. Az árpilis, május és a július hónapokat aszály jellemezte. Főbb eredményeink: 1. Az 1991. év első fele erősen csapadékhiányos volt, a N-trágyázás termés-csökkenést eredményezett. Igazolhatóan mérséklődött a termő tövek száma. Az 1000-szem tömeg 278 g maradt. A Cu-trágyázással igazolhatóan emelkedett az egy tőre eső szemek száma, illetve a csövenkénti szemtömeg. A szemtermés az NxCu kezelésekben 7,0 és 8,6 t·ha−1 között változott. 2. A N-túlsúly, azaz az agronómiailag indokoltat jelentősen meghaladó N-adagok hatására a 4–6 leveles korú növény gyökerének N%-a, a virágzáselejei leve-lek N- és Zn-felvétele, valamint az aratáskori szár N-, K- és Ca-koncentrációja nőtt. A Cu-trágyázással a kontrollhoz viszonyítva a fiatal hajtás, a virágzás elejei levél és a szár Cu-tartalma átlagosan 1/3-ával emelkedett. A gyökér Cu-készlete a Cu-adagolással 2,5-szeresére nőtt. A Cu növényen belüli vertikális mozgása azonban gátolt volt. 3. A 12 t·ha−1 (szem + szár) földfeletti biomasszába kereken 114 kg N, 77 kg K (92 kg K2O), 22 kg P (50 kg P2O5),15 kg Ca, és 18 kg Mg épült be. Az 1 t szem + a hozzátartozó melléktermék fajlagos elemtartalma 15 kg N, 10 kg K (12 kg K2O), 3 kg P (7 kg P2O5), illetve 3 kg körüli CaO és MgO mennyiségnek adódott. Adataink a tervezett kukoricatermés elemszükségletének számításakor a szakta-nácsadásban használhatók fel.

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Middleton, Steven J., e Thomas J. McHugh. "CA2: A Highly Connected Intrahippocampal Relay". Annual Review of Neuroscience 43, n. 1 (8 luglio 2020): 55–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-neuro-080719-100343.

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Abstract (sommario):

Although Lorente de No’ recognized the anatomical distinction of the hippocampal Cornu Ammonis (CA) 2 region, it had, until recently, been assigned no unique function. Its location between the key players of the circuit, CA3 and CA1, which along with the entorhinal cortex and dentate gyrus compose the classic trisynaptic circuit, further distracted research interest. However, the connectivity of CA2 pyramidal cells, together with unique patterns of gene expression, hints at a much larger contribution to hippocampal information processing than has been ascribed. Here we review recent advances that have identified new roles for CA2 in hippocampal centric processing, together with specialized functions in social memory and, potentially, as a broadcaster of novelty. These new data, together with CA2's role in disease, justify a closer look at how this small region exerts its influence and how it might best be exploited to understand and treat disease-related circuit dysfunctions.

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Peltekov, A. B., e B. S. Boyanov. "Study of solid state interactions in the systems ZnFe2O4 - CaO, ZnFe2O4 - MgO and zinc cake with CaO and MgO". Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Metallurgy 49, n. 3 (2013): 339–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jmmb130624037p.

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Abstract (sommario):

The solid state interactions of CaO and MgO with synthetic and industrial ZnFe2O4 (in zinc cake) have been studied using chemical, XRD analysis and M?ssbauer spectroscopy. The exchange reactions in the systems ZnFe2O4 - CaO and ZnFe2O4 - MgO have been investigated in the range of 850-1200?C and duration up to 180 min. It has been established that Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions exchange Zn2+ in ferrite partially and the solubility of zinc in a 7% sulfuric acid solution increases. The possibilities for utilization of the obtained results in zinc hydrometallurgy have been discussed.

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Mahardika, Ida Bagus Putra, Wega Trisunaryanti, Triyono Triyono, Dwi Putra Wijaya e Kumala Dewi. "Transesterification of Used Cooking Oil Using CaO/MCM-41 Catalyst Synthesized from Lapindo Mud by Sonochemical Method". Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 17, n. 3 (30 novembre 2017): 509. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.26561.

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Abstract (sommario):

Transesterification of waste cooking oil using CaO/MCM-41 synthesized from Lapindo mud by the sonochemical method has been carried out. The silica was separated from the mud by reflux method used 6 M HCl and 6 M NaOH. The silica was then analyzed by XRF and used as silica source in MCM-41 synthesis. The synthesis of MCM-41 was carried out by the sonochemical method, then analyzed by XRD, Infrared spectrophotometer, SAA, and TEM. The Ca2+ was loaded onto the MCM-41 by wet impregnation method under variation of the Ca2+ content of 1.15, 1.29, 2.39, and 3.25 wt.% analyzed by ICP produced CaO(1), CaO(2), CaO(3), and CaO(4)/MCM-41 catalyst respectively. Transesterification of used cooking oil was carried out under methanol/oil mole ratio of 15/1, the temperature of 55, 65 and 75 °C, and catalyst/oil weight ratio of 5/100, 10/100 and 15/100 for 2 h by reflux method. The XRD analysis of the MCM-41 showed a characteristic peak at 2θ = 2-5°. The MCM-41 has a specific surface area of 1290 m2/g and pore diameter of 3.4 nm. The TEM images of MCM-41 showed ordered pore distribution with a hexagonal shape. The highest conversion of methyl ester was 78.17 wt.% obtained under the reaction conditions at 65 °C and catalyst/oil weight ratio of 15/100 using the CaO(4)/MCM-41. The lifetime CaO(4)/MCM-41 catalyst was 9.8 h.

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Zeng, Wei Jin, Chao Zeng e Wei He. "Quantitative Phase Analyses of a Slag Using X-Ray Powder Diffraction". Advanced Materials Research 881-883 (gennaio 2014): 1241–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.881-883.1241.

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Abstract (sommario):

The quantitative phase analyses of a slag have been successfully carried out by using both of the full-profile Rietveld and RIR methods from X-ray powder diffraction data. The qualitative phase analysis indicates that the slag contains mayenite (CaO)12(Al2O3)7, olivine Ca2(SiO4), gehlenite Ca2Al (AlSiO7), lemite Ca2(SiO4) and hibonite CaO(Al2O3)6. The quantitative analysis from Rietveld refinement shows that the weight concentrations of mayenite, olivine, gehlenite, lemite and hibonite for the slag are 48.8(4) wt.%, 32.2(5) wt.%, 11.0(9) wt.%, 6.2(1.1) wt.% and 1.8 (1.2) wt.%, respectively. The quantitative phase analysis results obtained by Rietveld method are more precise then those by RIR method.

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Kennedy, Baroness Helena. "Ben Okri". Callaloo 38, n. 5 (2015): 1015–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cal.2015.0155.

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Li, Shen, Xiao Dong Shao e Xiao Bo Ge. "A Kind of CAD/CAE Integrated Modeling Technology Based on FEATURE". Advanced Materials Research 97-101 (marzo 2010): 3436–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.97-101.3436.

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Abstract (sommario):

A kind of CAD/CAE integrated modeling method based on feature is proposed. Firstly, analysis features are attached to CAD model of part and standard part library is formed. Secondly, the CAD model is created using standard parts. Thirdly, geometry information of analysis features is extracted from CAD model and is reconstructed automatically under CAE environment. Finally, based on feature-based meshing and combination technique, CAE model is built quickly. A prototype software for large-scale antenna structure (LSAS) CAD/CAE integrated modeling has been developed and used in performance analysis of a 16-meter-diameter LSAS. The method has been proved to be useful for improving speed, accuracy and consistency of complicated structure CAE modeling notably.

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40

Farman, N., J. P. Bonvalet e J. R. Seckl. "Aldosterone selectively increases Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase alpha 3-subunit mRNA expression in rat hippocampus". American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 266, n. 2 (1 febbraio 1994): C423—C428. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1994.266.2.c423.

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In the brain, corticosteroids bind to intracellular glucocorticoid (GR) and mineralocorticoid (MR) receptors, affecting target gene transcription, and thereby altering neuronal function, including electrophysiological activity. The hippocampus very highly expresses both MR and GR; however, MR-regulated hippocampal transcripts have not yet been described. We investigated the effects of adrenalectomy +/- glucocorticoid or mineralocorticoid replacement on expression of mRNAs encoding alpha-subunit isoforms of Na(+)-K(+)-adenosinetriphosphatase, a critical transmembrane ion gradient-regulating enzyme. Aldosterone significantly increased alpha 3-subunit mRNA expression in dentate gyrus granule cells (62% increase compared with adrenalectomy) and in CA1 and CA4 hippocampal neurons (37 and 38%), but not in CA2, CA3, parietal cortex neurons, or glia. This effect was not reproduced by dexamethasone, and none of the corticosteroid manipulations altered alpha 1- or alpha 2-subunit mRNA expression at any site examined. Aldosterone-mediated upregulation of hippocampal alpha 3-subunit mRNA expression may underlie, at least in part, the specific actions of MR ligands on hippocampal function. The observation that aldosterone differentially affects alpha 3-isoform mRNA expression in distinct neuronal populations, associated with the established aldosterone modulations of alpha 1-isoform mRNA in epithelial cells, supports the presence of cell-specific factors that regulate MR-mediated transcriptional activity.

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41

Quintana, J. M., H. C. Harrison, J. Nienhuis, J. P. Palta, K. Kmiecik e E. Miglioranza. "Comparison of Pod Calcium Concentration between Two Snap Bean Populations". Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 124, n. 3 (maggio 1999): 273–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.124.3.273.

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To understand the genetics that control pod Ca concentration in snap beans, two snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) populations consisting of 60 genotypes, plus 4 commercial cultivars used as checks, were evaluated during Summers 1995 and 1996 at Hancock, Wis. These populations were CA2 (`Evergreen' × `Top Crop') and CA3 (`Evergreen' × `Slimgreen'). The experimental design was an 8×8 double lattice repeated each year. No Ca was added to the plants grown in a sandy loam soil with 1% organic matter and an average of 540 ppm Ca. To ensure proper comparison for pod Ca concentration among cultivars, only commercial sieve size no. 4 pods (a premium grade, 8.3 to 9.5 mm in diameter) were sampled and used for Ca extractions. After Ca was extracted, readings for Ca concentration were done via atomic absorption spectrophotometry. In both populations, genotypes and years differed for pod Ca concentration (P = 0.001). Several snap bean genotypes showed pod Ca concentrations higher than the best of the checks. Overall mean pod Ca concentration ranged from a low of 3.82 to a high of 6.80 mg·g-1 dry weight. No differences were detected between the populations. Significant year×genotype interaction was observed in CA2 (P = 0.1), but was not present in CA3. Population variances proved to be homogeneous. Heritability for pod Ca concentration ranged from 0.48 (CA2) to 0.50 (CA3). Evidently enhancement of pod Ca concentration in beans can successfully be accomplished through plant breeding.

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Vinodh, S., e D. Kuttalingam. "Computer‐aided design and engineering as enablers of agile manufacturing". Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management 22, n. 3 (15 marzo 2011): 405–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17410381111112747.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate computer‐aided design (CAD) and computer‐aided engineering (CAE) as enablers of agile manufacturing (AM).Design/methodology/approachBased on the literature review, the importance of technology integration enabling AM has been found. CAD technology has been used for modelling baseline product; CAE has been used for deriving optimized parameters; new designs have been derived.FindingsThe feasibility of CAD and CAE as enablers of AM has been ensured.Research limitations/implicationsThe study has been conducted only in one automotive sprocket manufacturing organization.Practical implicationsThe practical feasibility of generating new products through technology integration has been ensured.Originality/valueVery little research has been reported on technology‐integrated AM practices. In this study, CAD and CAE have been used for enabling product development.

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Hayakawa, Satoshi, Akira Nakao, Chikara Ohtsutki, Akiyoshi Osaka, Shuji Matsumoto e Yoshinari Miura. "An x-ray photoelectron spectroscopic study of the chemical states of fluorine atoms in calcium silicate glasses". Journal of Materials Research 13, n. 3 (marzo 1998): 739–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1998.0093.

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X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy has been used to examine the chemical states of fluorine in the glasses of composition xCaF2(50 – x)CaO · 50SiO2 (x = 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 mol %) and xCaF2(50 – x/2)CaO(50 – x/2)SiO2 (x = 5, 10, 15, and 20 mol %). The analysis of the F1s spectra indicated that Ca2+ and F- ions introduced as CaF2 are favorably located among the Si–O skeleton forming Ca–F clusters. The fraction of the bridging and nonbridging oxygen atoms was derived from the O1s spectra, and the network of the fluorine-containing glasses was concluded to depend only on the ratio CaO/SiO2.

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Li, Zhaohui, Anna Bowman, Angie Rayniak, Jadyn Strommen, Lori Allen e Shangping Xu. "Heat Treatment of Calcite to Enhance Its Removal of Color Dye Alizarin Red S". Crystals 14, n. 5 (8 maggio 2024): 450. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst14050450.

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The use of color dyes in modern society presents a great challenge to the environment. Thus, extensive studies have been conducted in the last 30 years on the removal of color dyes from aqueous solutions such industrial wastewater. In this study, the removal of alizarin red S (ARS), an anionic dye, from solution by raw calcite (Cal) and heat-treated calcite (HCal) was conducted and compared under different physico-chemical conditions. Based on the isotherm study, the ARS removal capacities increased from 167 to 251 mmol/kg after the Cal was heated to 1000 °C for 3 h. The X-ray diffraction analyses showed no difference in the calcite phase between Cal and HCal after ARS sorption. Fourier-transform infrared results also showed no change in the calcite phase after ARS sorption, except a slightly increase in wavenumber from 713 to 727 cm−1 for the OCO bending of HCal at high ARS sorption levels. SEM observations showed about the same particle size and morphology before and after ARS sorption. The TGA data showed the formation of CaO after Cal was heated, and CaO converted back into calcite after being in contact with water or ARS solution for 24 h and then being air-dried. Thus, the high ARS removal could be due to CaO produced after Cal being heated. The findings from this research proved that there is great potential in the use of calcite, a low-cost and readily available Earth material, after heat treatment for the removal of contaminants from water.

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Liang, Xia, Li-Ming Hsu, Hanbing Lu, Jessica A. Ash, Peter R. Rapp e Yihong Yang. "Functional Connectivity of Hippocampal CA3 Predicts Neurocognitive Aging via CA1–Frontal Circuit". Cerebral Cortex 30, n. 8 (2 aprile 2020): 4297–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhaa008.

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Abstract The CA3 and CA1 principal cell fields of the hippocampus are vulnerable to aging, and age-related dysfunction in CA3 may be an early seed event closely linked to individual differences in memory decline. However, whether the differential vulnerability of CA3 and CA1 is associated with broader disruption in network-level functional interactions in relation to age-related memory impairment, and more specifically, whether CA3 dysconnectivity contributes to the effects of aging via CA1 network connectivity, has been difficult to test. Here, using resting-state fMRI in a group of aged rats uncontaminated by neurodegenerative disease, aged rats displayed widespread reductions in functional connectivity of CA3 and CA1 fields. Age-related memory deficits were predicted by connectivity between left CA3 and hippocampal circuitry along with connectivity between left CA1 and infralimbic prefrontal cortex. Notably, the effects of CA3 connectivity on memory performance were mediated by CA1 connectivity with prefrontal cortex. We additionally found that spatial learning and memory were associated with functional connectivity changes lateralized to the left CA3 and CA1 divisions. These results provide novel evidence that network-level dysfunction involving interactions of CA3 with CA1 is an early marker of poor cognitive outcome in aging.

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Xie, Yong, Hongliang Zeng, Zhiji Huang, Hui Xu, Qunyan Fan, Yi Zhang e Baodong Zheng. "Effect of Maternal Administration of Edible Bird’s Nest on the Learning and Memory Abilities of Suckling Offspring in Mice". Neural Plasticity 2018 (2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7697261.

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Although human brains continue developing throughout the underage developmental stages, the infancy period is considered the most important one for the whole life. It has been reported that sialic acid from edible bird’s nest (EBN) can facilitate the development of brain and intelligence. In this study, by oral administration of EBN to female mice during the pregnancy or lactation period, the effects of EBN on the levels of sialic acid in mouse milk were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Furthermore, the spatial learning performances of their offspring were assessed using the Morris water maze test. Additionally, cerebral malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in cubs nursed by the female mice given the EBN homogenate were examined, while BDNF immunohistochemical staining and neuron count in hippocampi were investigated as well. These results showed that administration with EBN in maternal mice during pregnancy or lactation period can improve the learning and memory functions in their offspring, possibly by increasing the activities of SOD and ChAT and, at the meantime, decreasing the levels of MDA and activities of AChE. Moreover, BDNF levels for CA1, CA2, and CA3 regions in hippocampi and the numbers of dyed neurons in CA1, CA2, CA3, and DG regions among the offspring were significantly enhanced due to the intake of EBN by the maternal mice. We concluded that maternal administration of EBN during the pregnancy and lactation periods can improve the spatial learning performances in the offspring.

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Zhang, Ting, Shihua Cao, Heng Yuan e Sunmin Park. "Alleviation of Androgenetic Alopecia with Aqueous Paeonia lactiflora and Poria cocos Extract Intake through Suppressing the Steroid Hormone and Inflammatory Pathway". Pharmaceuticals 14, n. 11 (5 novembre 2021): 1128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph14111128.

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Paeonia lactiflora Pallas (PL) and Poria cocos Wolf (PC) have been traditionally used to treat inflammatory diseases reported in Dongui Bogam and Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing, traditional medical books in Korean and China, respectively. We determined the efficacies and the molecular mechanisms of PL, PC, and PL + PC aqueous extracts on androgenetic alopecia (AGA) induced by testosterone propionate in C57BL/6 mice. The molecular mechanisms of PL and PC in AGA treatment were examined using experimental assays and network pharmacology. The AGA model was generated by topically applying 0.5% testosterone propionate in 70% ethanol solution to the backs of mice daily for 28 days while the normal-control (Normal-Con; no AGA induction) mice applied 70% ethanol. The 0.1% PL (AGA-PL), 0.1% PC (AGA-PC), 0.05% PL + 0.05% PC (AGA-MIX), and 0.1% cellulose (AGA-Con; control) were supplemented in a high-fat diet for 28 days in AGA-induced mice. Positive-control (AGA-Positive) were administered 2% finasteride daily on the backs of the AGA mice. Hair growth rates decreased in the order of AGA-PL, AGA-MIX, AGA-PC, AGA-Positive, and AGA-Con after 21 days of treatment (ED21). On ED28, skins were completely covered with hair in the AGA-PL and AGA-MIX groups. Serum testosterone concentrations were lower in the AGA-PL group than in the AGA-Con group and similar to concentrations in the Normal-Con group, whereas serum 17β-estradiol concentrations showed the opposite pattern with increasing aromatase mRNA expression (p < 0.05). In the dorsal skin, DKK1 and NR3C2 mRNA expressions were significantly lower, but TGF-β2, β-Catenin, and PPARG expressions were higher in the AGA-PL and AGA-PC groups than in the AGA-Con group (p < 0.05), whereas TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA expressions were lower in the AGA-PL, AGA-MIX, and Normal-Con groups than in the AGA-Con group (p < 0.05). The phosphorylation of Akt and GSK-3β in the dorsal skin was lower in AGA-Con than normal-Con, and PL and MIX ingestion suppressed their decrease similar to the Normal-Con. In conclusion, PL or PL + PC intake had beneficial effects on hair growth similar to Normal-Con. The promotion was related to lower serum testosterone concentrations and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, and inhibition of the steroid hormone pathway, consistent with network pharmacology analysis findings.

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Regier, Matthew, Jiancong Liang, Alexander Choi, Kavita Verma, Jenny Libien e A. Iván Hernández. "Evidence for Decreased Nucleolar PARP-1 as an Early Marker of Cognitive Impairment". Neural Plasticity 2019 (19 novembre 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4383258.

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Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is a nuclear protein that regulates gene expression through poly(ADP)-ribosylation, resulting in the loosening of chromatin structure. PARP-1 enzymatic activity has been shown to be necessary for the expression of several genes required for memory formation and consolidation. Previously, we showed that nucleolar PARP-1 is significantly decreased in hippocampal pyramidal cells in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We proposed that the displacement of PARP-1 from the nucleolus results in downregulation of new rRNA expression and ribosome biogenesis, leading to cognitive impairment. To further investigate the relationship between nucleolar PARP-1 and memory impairment, we examined PARP-1 expression in the hippocampi of individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) compared to control and AD cases. We used immunohistochemical techniques to examine the nucleolar distribution of PARP-1 in the Cornu Ammonis (CA region) of the hippocampus. PARP-1 positive cells were then scored for the presence or absence of PARP-1 in the nucleolus. We found a significant decrease of PARP-1 staining in the nucleolar compartment of hippocampal pyramidal cells in MCI compared with Control and AD. When the four CA (CA1-4) regions were considered separately, only the CA1 region showed significant differences in nucleolar PARP-1 with Control > AD > MCI cases. Categorization of nucleolar PARP-1 into “distinct” and “diffuse” groups suggest that most of the changes occur within the distinct group. In addition, measurements of the nucleolar diameter of nucleolar PARP-1 positive cells in CA2 and CA4 showed Control > MCI. Thus, MCI cases had a lower percentage of PARP-1 nucleolar positive cells in CA1 and smaller nucleolar diameters in CA2 and CA4, compared to Control. Our data suggest that disruption of nucleolar form and function is an early and important step in the progression of cognitive impairment.

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Louet, Nicolas, Thierry Epicier e Gilbert Fantozzi. "Investigation of the Sintering Behavior of Ultrapure α-Alumina Containing Low Amounts of SiO₂ or CaO". Key Engineering Materials 317-318 (agosto 2006): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.317-318.1.

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The target of this work is to investigate the effect of small additions of SiO2 or CaO on the sintering behavior and the microstructure of an ultrapure α-alumina compound. The sintering behavior has been investigated through extensive dilatometric study. SiO2 additions lead to a significant decrease in shrinkage rate during the intermediate stage of sintering whereas CaO is beneficent to densification. It has been found that during this stage which corresponds to the maximum of densification rate, grain boundaries diffusion controls densification through oxygen vacancies. The study of the densification behavior under different atmospheres help us to explain the role of the additives in agreement with electroneutrality equations. S.E.M. investigations confirm the well know correlation between doping and heterogeneous microstructures. After doping with SiO2 or CaO, abnormal grain growth appears at temperatures corresponding to the lowest eutectics given by Al2O3-SiO2 or Al2O3-CaO phase diagrams. H.R.T.E.M. observations show that below the critical temperatures for abnormal grain growth, additives enrichment is observed near grain boundaries (GBs). Above these temperatures, glassy phase for SiO2-doping and calciumhexaluminate (CA6) for CaO-doping are present at grain boundaries.

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Čeh, M., H. Gu, H. Müllejans e A. Rečnik. "Analytical electron microscopy of planar faults in SrO-doped CaTiO3". Journal of Materials Research 12, n. 9 (settembre 1997): 2438–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1997.0322.

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Oxide-rich planar faults within a perovskite matrix are the prevailing type of extended defects in polycrystalline SrO-doped CaTiO3. These defects form, depending on the temperature of sintering, random networks, or ordered structures. The chemistry of the polytypoid, the isolated planar faults, and the perovskite phase have been studied by spatially resolved electron energy-loss and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopies using a dedicated scanning transmission electron microscope. We have found that Sr ions from SrO additions preferably substitute Ca in the CaTiO3 lattice, thus forming a solid solution (Ca1–xSrx)TiO3. The surplus of Ca ions forms single and ordered CaO-rich planar faults in the host (Ca1–xSrx)TiO3 phase. Whereas the excess Ca segregates in a form of single planar faults at lower temperatures, it forms a stable polytypoidic phase at higher temperatures. For materials having up to 25 mol% of SrO additions, this phase has (Ca1–xSrx)4Ti3O10 composition, comprising a sequence of CaO faults followed by three (Ca1–xSrx)TiO3 perovskite layers. Analytical electron microscopy revealed that the composition of the single planar faults, formed at lower temperatures, is identical to that of polytypoids, which are stable at higher sintering temperatures.

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