Articoli di riviste: "Belief merging"

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Haret, Adrian, Martin Lackner, Andreas Pfandler e Johannes P. Wallner. "Proportional Belief Merging". Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 34, n. 03 (3 aprile 2020): 2822–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v34i03.5671.

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In this paper we introduce proportionality to belief merging. Belief merging is a framework for aggregating information presented in the form of propositional formulas, and it generalizes many aggregation models in social choice. In our analysis, two incompatible notions of proportionality emerge: one similar to standard notions of proportionality in social choice, the other more in tune with the logic-based merging setting. Since established merging operators meet neither of these proportionality requirements, we design new proportional belief merging operators. We analyze the proposed operators against established rationality postulates, finding that current approaches to proportionality from the field of social choice are, at their core, incompatible with standard rationality postulates in belief merging. We provide characterization results that explain the underlying conflict, and provide a complexity analysis of our novel operators.

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Liberatore, Paolo. "Belief Merging by Examples". ACM Transactions on Computational Logic 17, n. 2 (28 marzo 2016): 1–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2818645.

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Mata Díaz, Amílcar, e Ramón Pino Pérez. "Impossibility in belief merging". Artificial Intelligence 251 (ottobre 2017): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.artint.2017.06.003.

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Aravanis, Theofanis I. "Collective Belief Revision". Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 78 (29 dicembre 2023): 1221–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.1.15745.

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In this article, we study the dynamics of collective beliefs. As a first step, we formulate David Westlund’s Principle of Collective Change (PCC) —a criterion that characterizes the evolution of collective knowledge— in the realm of belief revision. Thereafter, we establish a number of unsatisfiability results pointing out that the widely-accepted revision operators of Alchourrón, Gärdenfors and Makinson, combined with fundamental types of merging operations —including the ones proposed by Konieczny and Pino Pérez as well as Baral et al.— collide with the PCC. These impossibility results essentially extend in the context of belief revision the negative results established by Westlund for the operations of contraction and expansion. At the opposite of the impossibility results, we also establish a number of satisfiability results, proving that, under certain (rather strict) requirements, the PCC is indeed respected for specific merging operators. Overall, it is argued that the PCC is a rather unsuitable property for characterizing the process of collective change. Last but not least, mainly in response to the unsatisfactory situation related to the PCC, we explore some alternative criteria of collective change, and evaluate their compliance with belief revision and belief merging.

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Gauwin, O., S. Konieczny e P. Marquis. "Conciliation through Iterated Belief Merging". Journal of Logic and Computation 17, n. 5 (1 ottobre 2007): 909–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/logcom/exm047.

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Gabbay, D., O. Rodrigues e G. Pigozzi. "Connections between Belief Revision, Belief Merging and Social Choice". Journal of Logic and Computation 19, n. 3 (21 maggio 2009): 445–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/logcom/exn013.

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Konieczny, Sébastien. "Belief base merging as a game". Journal of Applied Non-Classical Logics 14, n. 3 (gennaio 2004): 275–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3166/jancl.14.275-294.

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Tran, Trong Hieu, Quoc Bao Vo e Thi Hong Khanh Nguyen. "On the Belief Merging by Negotiation". Procedia Computer Science 35 (2014): 147–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2014.08.094.

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Schwind, Nicolas, Sébastien Konieczny e Pierre Marquis. "Belief base rationalization for propositional merging". Journal of Logic and Computation 28, n. 7 (ottobre 2018): 1601–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/logcom/exy029.

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Ma, Jianbing, Weiru Liu e Anthony Hunter. "Inducing Probability Distributions from Knowledge Bases with (In)dependence Relations". Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 24, n. 1 (3 luglio 2010): 339–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v24i1.7588.

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Abstract (sommario):

When merging belief sets from different agents, the result is normally a consistent belief set in which the inconsistency between the original sources is not represented. As probability theory is widely used to represent uncertainty, an interesting question therefore is whether it is possible to induce a probability distribution when merging belief sets. To this end, we first propose two approaches to inducing a probability distribution on a set of possible worlds, by extending the principle of indifference on possible worlds. We then study how the (in)dependence relations between atoms can influence the probability distribution. We also propose a set of properties to regulate the merging of belief sets when a probability distribution is output. Furthermore, our merging operators satisfy the well known Konieczny and Pino-Perez postulates if we use the set of possible worlds which have the maximal induced probability values. Our study shows that taking an induced probability distribution as a merging result can better reflect uncertainty and inconsistency among the original knowledge bases.

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Creignou, Nadia, Odile Papini, Stefan Rümmele e Stefan Woltran. "Belief Merging within Fragments of Propositional Logic". ACM Transactions on Computational Logic 17, n. 3 (22 luglio 2016): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2898436.

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Tran, Trong Hieu, Ngoc Thanh Nguyen e Quoc Bao Vo. "Axiomatic characterization of belief merging by negotiation". Multimedia Tools and Applications 65, n. 1 (3 giugno 2012): 133–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11042-012-1136-7.

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Cevolani, Gustavo. "Truth approximation, belief merging, and peer disagreement". Synthese 191, n. 11 (20 maggio 2014): 2383–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11229-014-0486-2.

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D’Alfonso, Simon. "Belief merging with the aim of truthlikeness". Synthese 193, n. 7 (15 luglio 2015): 2013–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11229-015-0825-y.

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Pozos-Parra, Pilar, Oscar Chávez-Bosquez e Kevin McAreavey. "Merginator: A belief merging tool for consensus support". Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems 34, n. 5 (24 maggio 2018): 3199–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jifs-169503.

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Beg, Ismat, e Nabeel Butt. "Belief Merging and Judgment Aggregation in Fuzzy Setting". Advances in Fuzzy Systems 2012 (2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/635043.

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We explore how judgment aggregation and belief merging in the framework of fuzzy logic can help resolve the “Doctrinal Paradox.” We also illustrate the use of fuzzy aggregation functions in social choice theory.

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Chopra, Samir, Aditya Ghose e Thomas Meyer. "Social choice theory, belief merging, and strategy-proofness". Information Fusion 7, n. 1 (marzo 2006): 61–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.inffus.2005.05.003.

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Ma, Jianbing. "A correspondence between belief function combination and knowledge base merging". International Journal of Approximate Reasoning 104 (gennaio 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijar.2018.09.012.

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Langer, Karen G., e Julien Bogousslavsky. "The Merging Tracks of Anosognosia and Neglect". European Neurology 83, n. 4 (2020): 438–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000510397.

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Anosognosia and hemineglect are among the most startling neurological phenomena identified during the 20th century. Though both are associated with right hemisphere cerebral dysfunction, notably stroke, each disorder had its own distinct literature. Anosognosia, as coined by Babinski in 1914, describes patients who seem to have no idea of their paralysis, despite general cognitive preservation. Certain patients seem more than unaware, with apparent resistance to awareness. More extreme, and qualitatively distinct, is denial of hemiplegia. Various interpretations of pathogenesis are still deliberated. As accounts of its captivating manifestations grew, anosognosia was established as a prominent symbol of neurological and psychic disturbance accompanying (right-hemisphere) stroke. Although reports of specific neglect-related symptomatology appeared earlier, not until nearly 2 decades after anosognosia’s inaugural definition was neglect formally defined by Brain, paving a path spanning some years, to depict a class of disorder with heterogeneous variants. Disordered awareness of body and extrapersonal space with right parietal lesions, and other symptom variations, were gathered under the canopy of neglect. Viewed as a disorder of corporeal awareness, explanatory interpretations involve mechanisms of extinction and perceptual processing, disturbance of spatial attention, and others. Odd alterations involving apparent concern, attitudes, or belief characterize many right hemisphere conditions. Anosognosia and neglect are re-examined, from the perspective of unawareness, the nature of belief, and its baffling distortions. Conceptual parallels between these 2 distinct disorders emerge, as the major role of the right hemisphere in mental representation of self is highlighted by its most fascinating syndromes of altered awareness.

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Benferhat, Salem, Sylvain Lagrue e Julien Rossit. "Sum-based weighted belief base merging: From commensurable to incommensurable framework". International Journal of Approximate Reasoning 55, n. 9 (dicembre 2014): 2083–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijar.2014.04.006.

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Kareem, Sameem Abdul, Pilar Pozos-Parra e Nic Wilson. "An application of belief merging for the diagnosis of oral cancer". Applied Soft Computing 61 (dicembre 2017): 1105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2017.01.055.

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Creignou, Nadia, Raïda Ktari e Odile Papini. "Belief Update within Propositional Fragments". Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 61 (17 aprile 2018): 807–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.5541.

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Belief change within the framework of fragments of propositional logic is one of the main and recent challenges in the knowledge representation research area. While previous research works focused on belief revision, belief merging, and belief contraction, the problem of belief update within fragments of classical logic has not been addressed so far. In the context of revision, it has been proposed to refine existing operators so that they operate within propositional fragments, and that the result of revision remains in the fragment under consideration. This approach is not restricted to the Horn fragment but also applicable to other propositional fragments like Krom and affine fragments. We generalize this notion of refinement to any belief change operator. We then focus on a specific belief change operation, namely belief update. We investigate the behavior of the refined update operators with respect to satisfaction of the KM postulates and highlight differences between revision and update in this context.

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Riegler, Erwin, Gunvor Elisabeth Kirkelund, Carles Navarro Manchon, Mihai-Alin Badiu e Bernard Henri Fleury. "Merging Belief Propagation and the Mean Field Approximation: A Free Energy Approach". IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 59, n. 1 (gennaio 2013): 588–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tit.2012.2218573.

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Samet, Ahmed, Eric Lefèvre e Sadok Ben Yahia. "Integration of Extra-Information for Belief Function Theory Conflict Management Problem Through Generic Association Rules". International Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness and Knowledge-Based Systems 22, n. 04 (agosto 2014): 531–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218488514500263.

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Decision making by considering multiple information sources could provide interesting results. For that reason, fusion formalisms were a major concern in the belief function community. In this context, the Belief function theory allows information fusion thanks to its combinations tools that it integrates. Nevertheless, belief function theory highlights a limit in the merging of contradictory (conflictual) sources. Many authors tackled this problem offering contributions in this field. Unfortunately, no proposed operator has distinguished by its adequacy regardless the type of handled sources. In this paper, we demonstrate the limits of some referenced works and we diagnostic the issues origin. We propose a conflict management approach based on an extra-information that guides the treatment. We also integrate a generic associative base borrowed from the data mining domain in order to apply the adequate conflict management.

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Konieczny, Sébastien, e Ramón Pino Pérez. "Propositional belief base merging or how to merge beliefs/goals coming from several sources and some links with social choice theory". European Journal of Operational Research 160, n. 3 (febbraio 2005): 785–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2003.06.039.

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Pigozzi, Gabriella. "Belief merging and the discursive dilemma: an argument-based account to paradoxes of judgment aggregation". Synthese 152, n. 2 (5 settembre 2006): 285–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11229-006-9063-7.

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Gilad-Gutnick, Sharon. "Project Prakash: Merging Basic Science and Societal Service in Vision Research". Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences 10, n. 2 (ottobre 2023): 287–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23727322231196867.

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For nearly 20 years, Prakash has created a humanitarian-scientific synergy by treating congenitally blind children in rural India, then following their visual development to understand how the human brain learns to see. From solving a 300-year-old conundrum to deconstructing the “critical window” of neuroplasticity, Prakash has led to new ways of thinking about development. Unfortunately, many children suffering from treatable congenital blindness around the world remain untreated due to a persistent belief that improvements are not possible past a “critical age” of 5–7 years old. Here, a review of the data identifies an urgent need to engage with stakeholders across the global medical community to disseminate Prakash's findings and overturn these entrenched dogmas. Toward that end, recent partnerships with eye-health organizations expand the reach of this approach and cultivate a cohesive global network. Prakash exemplifies both evidence-based intervention and intervention-based scientific discovery.

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Richardt Strøbech, Ralf. "Theaetetus2 *". Peripeti 18, n. 33 (24 gennaio 2021): 96–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/peri.v18i33.124667.

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This article examines what constitutes knowledge in art, law, journalism, and more specifically in artistic research. Taking its formal departure in the famous Theaetetus-dialogue by Plato, the article employs three different approaches to examine conceptions of knowledge. The first part, Knowledge is perception, examines narratives and imaginary qualities of key figures involved in huge money laundering scandals and other financial crimes in Denmark in 2018. The second part, Knowledge is true belief, elaborates on the concept of knowledge in art, law, and journalism through a series of abstracted dialogues-turned-monologues based on the material presented in the first part. It aims at a better understanding of how Facts, Truth, Time, Relevance, and Knowledge are conceptualized in the three disciplines. Finally, the third part, Knowledge is true belief with an account, elaborates on the core belief underpinning this artistic research project, using a dialogical form with footnotes. This core position is that knowledge in artistic research is based on the merging of knowledge and account, and functions through a specific type of extended discourse which, as conceptualized by Paul Ricoeur, is at once poetic and epistemologically productive imagination.

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Engel, David. "A. Dynastic Realms and Secular States: Introduction". Law & Society Review 28, n. 3 (1994): 429–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0023921600020466.

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The conference began with a discussion of law and religion and four days later ended with a discussion of concepts of rights in Southeast Asia. The merging of the two topics in this symposium issue reflects a recognition that both concern questions of social order, political legitimacy, sovereignty, personhood, and belief. It reflects as well a recognition that the topics have a single history. As Frank Reynolds observes (with some understatement) in the essay that begins this part, religion as a cultural system and law as a cultural system “overlap and interact in many very different and complicated ways.”

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Kiatkawsin, Kiattipoom, e Heesup Han. "Young travelers' intention to behave pro-environmentally: Merging the value-belief-norm theory and the expectancy theory". Tourism Management 59 (aprile 2017): 76–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2016.06.018.

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Suwandana, Engkin, Haris Supratno, Suyatno e Suhartono. "Indonesian Local Literary Rituals in Magical Realism". International Journal Linguistics of Sumatra and Malay 2, n. 1 (31 dicembre 2023): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/ijlsm.v2i1.14367.

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This study aims to find magical realism in the Bantengan performance, find namely the irreducible elements, the phenomenal world, merging realms, the unsettling doubts, and disruptions of time, space, and identity at the Bantengan show. The method used to reveal these aspects is a qualitative method with an ethnographic approach. Theoretically, this research finds magical realism. Practically for researchers, this research is expected to broaden scientific horizons and can be used as a guide to carry out research, especially about traditions that develop in society. For the community, this research is expected to provide an overview of the actual Bantengan performance and provide knowledge to the public that the art of Bantengan contains the meaning of a performance that contains the value of magical realism. The results of this study: 1. The irreducible elements namely Cakepan in the art of bantengan are read as if telling the figure of a bull in the performance arena, furthermore it is used as advice and a medium for conveying messages to the public. 2. the phenomenal world, namely the movements in the Banteng symbolizing the life of the Banteng animal as an authoritative and strong base or forest animal, 3. merging realms, namely between types of religious magical beliefs and Islam there is a harmonious blend, as seen by the reading of prayers that derived from the verses of the Koran at the ceremony, 4. the unsettling doubts, namely the public's belief is still visible in the giving of offerings or offerings before holding a bantengan presentation, 5. disruptions of time, space and identity namely Bantengan and ndadi being one of the elements of the show that cannot be separated, so that it becomes a special attraction for the community.

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LEE, Hongseop. "T. S. Eliot’s Genealogical Exploration of Leibniz’s Monadism and Problems of Substance". Journal of the T. S. Eliot Society of Korea 32, n. 2 (31 gennaio 2023): 193–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.14364/t.s.eliot.2023.32.2.193-219.

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The main aim of this article is to examine the significance of T. S. Eliot’s genealogical exploration of Leibniz’s monadology in his “The Development of Leibniz’s Monadism” published in 1916. Critical of the contemporary Bertrand Russsel’s purely logical approach toward Leibniz’s metaphysics, Eliot pays keen attention to the theoretical and, especially, theological backgrounds from which Leibniz’s monadology emerges. As an origin of Leibniz’s thought of the monad, Eliot pinpoints Aristotle’s concept of the substance. Merging Aristotle’s concept of the substance with a modern theory of atomism, the monad of Leibniz is immaterial, individable, and eternal. Yet, Eliot makes conclusions that there exist unresolvable gaps between Leibniz’s scientific and theological orientation that underlies his monadology, and that he ultimately fails to accomplish his “ambitious” project to restore Christian belief in the immortality of the soul.

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Gutiérrez-Gómez, Edgar, Jesús Wiliam Huanca-Arohuanca, Ketty Marilú Moscoso-Paucarchuco, Manuel Abraham Paz y Miño-Conde e Diana Luján-Pérez. "The Evangelical Church as an Extirpator of Idolatry in the Water Festival in the Andes of Peru". Religions 14, n. 8 (26 luglio 2023): 965. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel14080965.

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The research focuses on the Water Festival (Yarqa Aspiy), an ancient event in the Peruvian Andes, and which, as an Inca activity, survived the extirpation of idolatries by the Spanish colonization. The objective is to determine the importance of ancestral rituals in the communal work of this festival that, by merging with those of the Catholic religion, survives to this day. The participant-observation methodology in the Ccarhuaccoco community allowed us to investigate the details of this ancestral communal activity with its Andean rituals. It is concluded that this activity of Inca origin is in the process of extinction due to the growth of the Evangelical Church, which eradicates idolatry in its community practice. Additionally, thanks to religious tolerance, freedom of belief, and the necessary coexistence of water with the community, the festivity is maintained, although with variations in its ritual.

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He, Yan, Yilin Sun, Zhijian Zhao, Mengwei Chen, E. Owen D. Waygood e Yang Shu. "Impact of social-psychological factors on low-carbon travel intention: Merging theory of planned behavior and value-belief-norm theory". Heliyon 10, n. 6 (marzo 2024): e28161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28161.

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Wood, Emma H. "I Remember How We All Felt: Perceived Emotional Synchrony through Tourist Memory Sharing". Journal of Travel Research 59, n. 8 (2 dicembre 2019): 1339–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0047287519888290.

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Durkheim’s theory of collective emotion and the concept of perceived emotional synchrony are used to explore tourism memories and to create a conceptual model explaining how and why we come to agree on how we felt when reliving past tourism experiences. This process is dependent on the malleability of memory, which allows emotional synchrony to happen in retrospect, regardless of actual feelings at the time. I argue that the innate motivations behind this post-consumption merging are a stronger sense of community and of belonging to a social group. For tourism practitioners, this highlights where the true value lies for the consumer, the belief in a shared emotional experience. This value develops through the synchronization of memories creating the basis for a shared memory economy. The implications for tourism marketers are discussed, and suggestions for further research into memory and travel experience are identified.

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Zahaf, Ahmed, e Mimoun Malki. "Alignment Evolution under Ontology Change". International Journal of Information Technology and Web Engineering 11, n. 2 (aprile 2016): 14–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijitwe.2016040102.

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The alignment of ontologies is the backbone of semantic interoperability. It facilitates the import of data from an ontology to another, translating queries between them or merging ontologies in a global one. However, these services cannot be guaranteed throughout the life cycle of the ontology. The problem is that the evolution of mapped ontologies may be affected and make obsolete the relationship of the mapping. Inspired by belief revision theory, the authors identify and formalize the constraints and requirements of the alignment evolution problem. Then they give an orchestration of designed operations to resolve the problem. The satisfaction of these constraints and requirements is discussed for each operation showing its strengths and weaknesses. Finally, the authors conduct an experimental process with the objective to show the limits of alignment evolution methods and ontology matching tools when dealing with alignment evolution problem highlighting the emergency to invest in dedicated methods.

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Menke, Jack Kenneth, e Henk Ewald Menke. "Evolution of traditional taboos in Suriname". Sustainability in Debate 15, n. 1 (30 aprile 2024): 233–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.18472/sustdeb.v15n1.2024.52016.

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Traditional taboos have persisted in Suriname, thanks to the sustainability of African culture in Maroon communities in the interior of the country. A conceptual dichotomy emerged in the 19th and early 20th centuries coinciding with two geographical regions: in the coastal region, ‘trefu’, a food taboo, practised mainly by Creoles, violation of which was thought to result in contracting leprosy, and in the interior ‘tyina’, a ‘broader’ taboo concept (food, places, actions) practised by Maroons. Recent research indicates the dichotomy is weakening, reflected in a declining belief in the trefu-leprosy relation and a merging of ‘trefu’ and ‘tyina’, exchange of taboo practices between ethnic groups and declining adherence of youngsters to taboos. The migration of Maroons to the coastal region and creolisation appear to be driving forces behind these processes, whilst the decline in leprosy incidence may also have contributed. Additional research is needed to understand the evolution of traditional taboos in Suriname and the Greater Caribbean.

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Song, Ting, e Yuanlin Wang. "From Myths, Ci and Fu Works to Temple Worship: A New Inquiry into the Evolution of Fu Fei 宓妃, the Goddess of the Luo River". Religions 15, n. 6 (30 maggio 2024): 678. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel15060678.

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Luo Shen 洛神 (The Goddess of the Luo River), also known as Fu Fei 宓妃 (Consort Fu), governed the Luo River and was a deity with distinctive representativeness and influence in the Luoyang area of China. To date, research has been centered around literary works and paintings, particularly Luoshen Fu 洛神賦, with little exploration into the belief of the Goddess of the Luo River. In this paper, specific and detailed textual research is made on the origins and historical transformations, as well as functional shifts, of the Goddess of the Luo River from the perspective of belief in the deity. Based on extant ancient documents and stele inscriptions and combined with anthropological field research, five new ideas are described. First, rituals honoring the Luo River were present in ancient times, yet the deity of the Luo River was initially a male entity called Luo Bo 洛伯, not the goddess Consort Fu. Second, Consort Fu first appears in Li Sao 離騷 as a goddess from the Kunlun Mountains. Third, during the Eastern Han dynasty (25–220), driven by the political and cultural needs of rulers to maintain regime stability, the Goddess of Kunlun, Consort Fu, became the Goddess of the Luo River. Fourth, in the medieval period, the image of the Goddess of the Luo River underwent a historic transformation, evolving from a deity governing the Luo River to a beauty yearning for secular love, merging with the historical figure of Zhen Fei 甄妃 (Consort Zhen) from the Cao Wei dynasty (220–266), forming a unified literary and artistic figure that significantly broadened the social influence of the Goddess of the Luo River. Fifth, the state-sponsored worship of the Goddess of the Luo River reached its peak during the Tang (618–907) and Song (960–1279) dynasties, and afterward, it gradually declined to a local folk belief due to a shift in the political center. The transition of the belief in the Goddess of the Luo River from official to folk realms, deeply intertwining with people’s lives, is a historical reflection of the eastward shift in the imperial center after the Tang dynasty. It also signifies a transformation of the function of the belief in the Goddess of the Luo River, from a political guardian deity ensuring the nation’s peace and the government’s stability to a protective deity for ordinary people’s family stability and prosperity of descendants.

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Mollett, Margaret. "Apocalypticism and Popular Culture in South Africa: An Overview and Update". Religion & Theology 19, n. 3-4 (2012): 219–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15743012-12341240.

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Abstract Apocalypticism, in the form of premillennial dispensationalism, based on foundational texts in Daniel, 2 Thessalonians and the book of Revelation, took root in South Africa through missionaries from the United States in the late 19th and early 20th century. At first associated with Pentecostal churches and splinter groups from traditional churches belief in an imminent rapture followed by the tribulation, the millennium and final white throne judgment characterise an ever-widening circle of so-called charismatic groups. This heightening of expectation can mainly be ascribed to the influence of Hal Lindsey during the 70s and 80s and Tim LaHaye during the first decade of the 21st century. Rapid growth in media technology and the popularity of religious fiction has resulted in a merging of apocalyptic expectation with popular culture. This article probes the nature of “popular culture” and its relation to religion in South African context, and indicates a route for further enquiry and research. It concludes with the question, “What obligation does this lay on the scholarly guild?”

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Nasser, Maged, Naomie Salim, Hentabli Hamza, Faisal Saeed e Idris Rabiu. "Improved Deep Learning Based Method for Molecular Similarity Searching Using Stack of Deep Belief Networks". Molecules 26, n. 1 (29 dicembre 2020): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26010128.

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Virtual screening (VS) is a computational practice applied in drug discovery research. VS is popularly applied in a computer-based search for new lead molecules based on molecular similarity searching. In chemical databases similarity searching is used to identify molecules that have similarities to a user-defined reference structure and is evaluated by quantitative measures of intermolecular structural similarity. Among existing approaches, 2D fingerprints are widely used. The similarity of a reference structure and a database structure is measured by the computation of association coefficients. In most classical similarity approaches, it is assumed that the molecular features in both biological and non-biologically-related activity carry the same weight. However, based on the chemical structure, it has been found that some distinguishable features are more important than others. Hence, this difference should be taken consideration by placing more weight on each important fragment. The main aim of this research is to enhance the performance of similarity searching by using multiple descriptors. In this paper, a deep learning method known as deep belief networks (DBN) has been used to reweight the molecule features. Several descriptors have been used for the MDL Drug Data Report (MDDR) dataset each of which represents different important features. The proposed method has been implemented with each descriptor individually to select the important features based on a new weight, with a lower error rate, and merging together all new features from all descriptors to produce a new descriptor for similarity searching. Based on the extensive experiments conducted, the results show that the proposed method outperformed several existing benchmark similarity methods, including Bayesian inference networks (BIN), the Tanimoto similarity method (TAN), adapted similarity measure of text processing (ASMTP) and the quantum-based similarity method (SQB). The results of this proposed multi-descriptor-based on Stack of deep belief networks method (SDBN) demonstrated a higher accuracy compared to existing methods on structurally heterogeneous datasets.

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Stavroulaki, Theodosia. "Integrating Healthcare Quality Concerns into the US Hospital Merger Cases, A Mission Impossible?" World Competition 39, Issue 4 (1 dicembre 2016): 593–624. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/woco2016049.

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Hospitals merge to constrain costs and improve quality. Although hospital consolidation can yield substantial cost and qualitative efficiencies, it can also harm competition by creating market power. Can the agencies and the courts strike the appropriate balance between the quality improvements a hospital merger brings and the risk of market power? Can they assess the quality improvements stemming from the hospital merger and weigh them against potential anticompetitive harm? And, if yes, how? These questions are not easy. However, this essay raises and examines them. Exploring the seminal US hospital merger cases, it underlines that the agencies, driven by the belief that healthcare is not special, focus more on the mergers’ impact on prices and less on quality. It concludes that the agencies, by narrowing their analysis to the price concerns of a hospital merger, disincentivize merging parties from bringing quality of care arguments at the heart of the merger analysis and health policy researchers from developing research examining hospital mergers’ impact on quality. It suggests that the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) should issue guidelines explaining what quality dimensions it values most on the basis of the main objectives of the US healthcare system and how these dimensions can be balanced against harm to competition.

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Nurhadi, Zikri Fachrul, e Sheila Yandini Yandini. "Konstruksi Makna Perkawinan Campuran Bagi Perempuan Muslim Indonesia". Jurnal Penelitian Komunikasi 19, n. 1 (29 luglio 2016): 83–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.20422/jpk.v19i1.29.

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The background of this problem is the increasing number of Indonesian citizens who perform mixed marriages, especially women who are married to foreign nationals. This, resulted in the problem starts from differences of religion or belief, culture and lifestyle are different. The purpose of this study is to find and explain the motives, meaning and experience of Indonesian Muslim women as perpetrators of intermarriage. This research method using the phenomenological method that focuses on the study of meaning in everyday life from the perspective of those who experience it. Data collection techniques used participant observation, interview and documentation study. Subjects were Indonesian Muslim women aged 30-40 years, were married to foreign nationals by purposive sampling technique. The results showed that mixed marriages have a motive "because" that is the motive trauma and interest, while the motive "for" consists of the dream motive, worship and repair descent. Likewise intermarriage experience demonstrated mutual culturally adjust, adapt to a multicultural, open and romantic attitude. While the meaning of marriage is an interesting mix, happy, merging two cultures, respect for differences, mutual understanding, complex, beautiful. Construction of meaning formed that a mixed marriage is a marriage of attractive, beautiful, full of challenges in the face of differences in terms of culture, habits and mindset in running family life.

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Chen, Xi, Zhaoyang Yin e Miaomiao Zhu. "Semantic Interaction Strategy of Multiagent System in Large-Scale Intelligent Sensor Network Environment". Journal of Sensors 2022 (30 gennaio 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5969130.

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In a multiagent system, the semantic interaction between agents is an important aspect affecting multi-intelligence. The purpose of interaction is to reasonably arrange task objectives and behaviors through information sharing and communication interaction, so as to maximize the overall performance of multiagent system. This paper analyzes the communication and interaction process between agents from the perspective of semantic layer and introduces the BDI (belief, desire, intention) model of agent’s thinking state into the communication and interaction process. Furthermore, we propose a multiagent semantic interaction strategy model based on a large-scale intelligent sensor network, which supports various types of negotiation and interaction on the basis of basic interaction behavior to solve the problem of information operational conflicts. In addition, this paper limits the scale of historical information through the definition of equivalence and the merging theorem of history, and it uses reinforcement learning algorithm to detect possible conflicts and delay communication and makes rational use of limited resources to improve system revenue and coordination efficiency. The experimental results show that compared with the previous methods such as debate and negotiation, the strategy model can realize the flexible interaction based on scene and is more practical. At the same time, the existence of reinforcement learning improves the efficiency analysis and the convergence performance of semantic interaction strategy.

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van Roon, M., e S. Knight. "Towards integrated catchment management, Whaingaroa, New Zealand". Water Science and Technology 43, n. 9 (1 maggio 2001): 197–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0538.

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The paper examines progress towards integrated catchment management and sustainable agriculture at Whaingaroa (Raglan), New Zealand. Application of the Canadian “Atlantic Coastal Action Program” model (ACAP) has been only partially successful within New Zealand's bicultural setting. Even before the introduction of the ACAP process there existed strong motivation and leadership by various sectors of the community. A merging of resource management planning and implementation processes of the larger community and that of the Maori community has not occurred. Research carried out by Crown Research Institutes has clearly shown the actions required to make pastoral farming more sustainable. There are difficulties in the transference to, and uptake of, these techniques by farmers. An examination of the socio-economic context is required. There has been a requirement on local government bodies to tighten their focus as part of recent reform. This has occurred concurrently with a widening of vision towards integrated and sustainable forms of management. This (as well as a clear belief in empowerment of local communities) has lead to Council reliance on voluntary labour. There is a need to account for the dynamic interaction between social and political history and the geological and biophysical history of the area. As part of a re-examination of sustainable development, New Zealand needs to reconcile the earning of the bulk of its foreign income from primary production, with the accelerating ecological deficit that it creates. A sustainability strategy is required linking consumer demand, property rights and responsibilities.

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Kalpouzos, Ioannis. "Double elevation: Autonomous weapons and the search for an irreducible law of war". Leiden Journal of International Law 33, n. 2 (16 marzo 2020): 289–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156520000114.

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AbstractWhat should be the role of law in response to the spread of artificial intelligence in war? Fuelled by both public and private investment, military technology is accelerating towards increasingly autonomous weapons, as well as the merging of humans and machines. Contrary to much of the contemporary debate, this is not a paradigm change; it is the intensification of a central feature in the relationship between technology and war: double elevation, above one’s enemy and above oneself. Elevation above one’s enemy aspires to spatial, moral, and civilizational distance. Elevation above oneself reflects a belief in rational improvement that sees humanity as the cause of inhumanity and de-humanization as our best chance for humanization. The distance of double elevation is served by the mechanization of judgement. To the extent that judgement is seen as reducible to algorithm, law becomes the handmaiden of mechanization. In response, neither a focus on questions of compatibility nor a call for a ‘ban on killer robots’ help in articulating a meaningful role for law. Instead, I argue that we should turn to a long-standing philosophical critique of artificial intelligence, which highlights not the threat of omniscience, but that of impoverished intelligence. Therefore, if there is to be a meaningful role for law in resisting double elevation, it should be law encompassing subjectivity, emotion and imagination, law irreducible to algorithm, a law of war that appreciates situated judgement in the wielding of violence for the collective.

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Zarrabian, Mohammad Amin, Ni Ding e Parastoo Sadeghi. "On the Lift, Related Privacy Measures, and Applications to Privacy–Utility Trade-Offs". Entropy 25, n. 4 (18 aprile 2023): 679. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e25040679.

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This paper investigates lift, the likelihood ratio between the posterior and prior belief about sensitive features in a dataset. Maximum and minimum lifts over sensitive features quantify the adversary’s knowledge gain and should be bounded to protect privacy. We demonstrate that max- and min-lifts have a distinct range of values and probability of appearance in the dataset, referred to as lift asymmetry. We propose asymmetric local information privacy (ALIP) as a compatible privacy notion with lift asymmetry, where different bounds can be applied to min- and max-lifts. We use ALIP in the watchdog and optimal random response (ORR) mechanisms, the main methods to achieve lift-based privacy. It is shown that ALIP enhances utility in these methods compared to existing local information privacy, which ensures the same (symmetric) bounds on both max- and min-lifts. We propose subset merging for the watchdog mechanism to improve data utility and subset random response for the ORR to reduce complexity. We then investigate the related lift-based measures, including ℓ1-norm, χ2-privacy criterion, and α-lift. We reveal that they can only restrict max-lift, resulting in significant min-lift leakage. To overcome this problem, we propose corresponding lift-inverse measures to restrict the min-lift. We apply these lift-based and lift-inverse measures in the watchdog mechanism. We show that they can be considered as relaxations of ALIP, where a higher utility can be achieved by bounding only average max- and min-lifts.

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Mohammed, Hussam J., Shumoos Al-Fahdawi, Alaa S. Al-Waisy, Dilovan Asaad Zebari, Dheyaa Ahmed Ibrahim, Mazin Abed Mohammed, Seifedine Kadry e Jungeun Kim. "ReID-DeePNet: A Hybrid Deep Learning System for Person Re-Identification". Mathematics 10, n. 19 (28 settembre 2022): 3530. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10193530.

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Person re-identification has become an essential application within computer vision due to its ability to match the same person over non-overlapping cameras. However, it is a challenging task because of the broad view of cameras with a large number of pedestrians appearing with various poses. As a result, various approaches of supervised model learning have been utilized to locate and identify a person based on the given input. Nevertheless, several of these approaches perform worse than expected in retrieving the right person in real-time over multiple CCTVs/camera views. This is due to inaccurate segmentation of the person, leading to incorrect classification. This paper proposes an efficient and real-time person re-identification system, named ReID-DeePNet system. It is based on fusing the matching scores generated by two different deep learning models, convolutional neural network and deep belief network, to extract discriminative feature representations from the pedestrian image. Initially, a segmentation procedure was developed based on merging the advantages of the Mask R-CNN and GrabCut algorithm to tackle the adverse effects caused by background clutter. Afterward, the two different deep learning models extracted discriminative feature representations from the pedestrian segmented image, and their matching scores were fused to make the final decision. Several extensive experiments were conducted, using three large-scale and challenging person re-identification datasets: Market-1501, CUHK03, and P-DESTRE. The ReID-DeePNet system achieved new state-of-the-art Rank-1 and mAP values on these three challenging ReID datasets.

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Chinchali, Sandeep P., Scott C. Livingston, Mo Chen e Marco Pavone. "Multi-objective optimal control for proactive decision making with temporal logic models". International Journal of Robotics Research 38, n. 12-13 (15 agosto 2019): 1490–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0278364919868290.

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The operation of today’s robots entails interactions with humans, e.g., in autonomous driving amidst human-driven vehicles. To effectively do so, robots must proactively decode the intent of humans and concurrently leverage this knowledge for safe, cooperative task satisfaction: a problem we refer to as proactive decision making. However, simultaneous intent decoding and robotic control requires reasoning over several possible human behavioral models, resulting in high-dimensional state trajectories. In this paper, we address the proactive decision-making problem using a novel combination of formal methods, control, and data mining techniques. First, we distill high-dimensional state trajectories of human–robot interaction into concise, symbolic behavioral summaries that can be learned from data. Second, we leverage formal methods to model high-level agent goals, safe interaction, and information-seeking behavior with temporal logic formulas. Finally, we design a novel decision-making scheme that maintains a belief distribution over models of human behavior, and proactively plans informative actions. After showing several desirable theoretical properties, we apply our framework to a dataset of humans driving in crowded merging scenarios. For it, temporal logic models are generated and used to synthesize control strategies using tree-based value iteration and deep reinforcement learning. In addition, we illustrate how data-driven models of human responses to informative robot probes, such as from generative models such as conditional variational autoencoders, can be clustered with formal specifications. Results from simulated self-driving car scenarios demonstrate that data-driven strategies enable safe interaction, correct model identification, and significant dimensionality reduction.

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Konovalova, N. R. "The philosophy of music of Pythagoras". Mathematics in Modern Technical University 2021, n. 1 (27 dicembre 2021): 47–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/mmtu-2021.1-047.

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The article reproduces the image of the great thinker Pythagoras - one of the most popular scientists and the most mysterious personality, the philosopher. Pythagoras created the brightest and most modern "religion": he nurtured in humanity a belief in the power of reason, the belief that the key to the mysteries of the worldview is mathematics. Music for Pythagoras became not only a means of inspiration but also a subject of scientific research, it was in music that Pythagoras found direct proof of his statement: "Everything is a number." 2,500 years ago, Pythagoras guided people on the path of triumph of the Mind. The whole world, Pythagoras argued, is a harmonious number. And these numbers form the ratio as well as the intervals between different degrees of scale. From time immemorial, numbers seemed to people to be something mysterious. Any object could be seen. The number cannot be touched and, at the same time, numbers really exist, because all objects can be counted... Pythagoras and his followers believed that everything in nature is measured, everything is subject to numbers, and to know the world means to know the numbers that control them. If before Pythagoras, music was understood magically and understood as the embodiment of the forces of nature, used mainly in ritual and religious rites, it is Pythagoras who became the progenitor of the mathematization of the musical phenomenon. The main grain of Pythagorean world harmony is the idea of harmony in a mathematically ordered whole. Pythagoras came to this idea when he discovered that the basic harmonic intervals: octave, pure fifth and pure fourth - occur when the lengths of the strings are 2:1, 3:2 and 4:3. Drawing analogies between the orderliness of the material world and the orderly mathematical relationship in music, he suggested that each planet in its rotation around the Earth emits a tone of a certain height, passing through the clean upper air - the ether. All the celestial sounds of all the planets, merging, form what is called "harmony of the spheres" or "music of the spheres." The laws of music and mathematics are the basic essence of natural existence, according to which the universe is not only built, but also moves and develops.The teachings of Pythagoras showed the unity of everything in the set, and the main purpose of man was expressed in the fact that through self-development man must achieve a connection with the cosmos.

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Torkunov, A. V. "On The New Russian Eastern Policy". MGIMO Review of International Relations, n. 1(34) (28 febbraio 2014): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2014-1-34-9-13.

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The article analyses the new Eastern foreign policy of Russia, which has been developing since 2011, and the realization of various projects within this policy. The author posits that world is undergoing profound and dynamic changes, which boil down to two interconnected processes: 1) economic power shift towards Asia-Pacific region, which will define in the near future the shape of the world system; 2) shift of the main political, economic and military contradictions in world politics to this region. These core changes in world politics are also effected by trends in development of Russia and its near abroad. For more than a quarter of the century Russia has been pursuing a regional leadership in building among post-soviet states a mutual space for common interests open for other members of international community. This policy became known as "new Russian Eastern policy" or a policy of Eurasian integration. Its main goal is to establish Eurasian economic union by 2015 which will open boarders of the member states for unrestricted movement of goods, services, capital and workers within the emerging regional market with the total volume of 170-180 million people. Russian leaders look forward to discussing with their European partners prospects for merging Eurasian and European unions into a single economic space stretching from Lisbon to Vladivostok. Conceptually the strategy of Eurasian integration stems from a belief in unity of economic, cultural, civilizational interests of the Eurasian member states with state interests in Asia and Asia-Pacific. Realization of the new Eastern policy will be accompanied by the long awaited development of the Russian Eastern regions.

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