Bibliografie tematiche / Behavioral thresholds

Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Behavioral thresholds"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 15 giugno 2024

Cita una fonte nei formati APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard e in molti altri stili

Scegli il tipo di fonte:

Consulta la lista di attuali articoli, libri, tesi, atti di convegni e altre fonti scientifiche attinenti al tema "Behavioral thresholds".

Accanto a ogni fonte nell'elenco di riferimenti c'è un pulsante "Aggiungi alla bibliografia". Premilo e genereremo automaticamente la citazione bibliografica dell'opera scelta nello stile citazionale di cui hai bisogno: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver ecc.

Puoi anche scaricare il testo completo della pubblicazione scientifica nel formato .pdf e leggere online l'abstract (il sommario) dell'opera se è presente nei metadati.

Articoli di riviste sul tema "Behavioral thresholds":

Van Dun, Bram, Harvey Dillon e Mark Seeto. "Estimating Hearing Thresholds in Hearing-Impaired Adults through Objective Detection of Cortical Auditory Evoked Potentials". Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 26, n. 04 (aprile 2015): 370–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.26.4.5.

Testo completo

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

Abstract (sommario):

Background: Hearing threshold estimation based on cortical auditory evoked potentials (CAEPs) has been applied for some decades. However, available research is scarce evaluating the accuracy of this technique with an automated paradigm for the objective detection of CAEPs. Purpose: To determine the difference between behavioral and CAEP thresholds detected using an objective paradigm based on the Hotelling’s T 2 statistic. To propose a decision tree to choose the next stimulus level in a sample of hearing-impaired adults. This knowledge potentially could increase the efficiency of clinical hearing threshold testing. Research Design: Correlational cohort study. Thresholds obtained behaviorally were compared with thresholds obtained through cortical testing. Study Sample: Thirty-four adults with hearing loss participated in this study. Data Collection and Analysis: For each audiometric frequency and each ear, behavioral thresholds were collected with both pure-tone and 40-msec tone-burst stimuli. Then, corresponding cortical hearing thresholds were determined. An objective cortical-response detection algorithm based on the Hotelling’s T 2 statistic was applied to determine response presence. A decision tree was used to select the next stimulus level. In total, 241 behavioral-cortical threshold pairs were available for analysis. The differences between CAEP and behavioral thresholds (and their standard deviations [SDs]) were determined for each audiometric frequency. Cortical amplitudes and electroencephalogram noise levels were extracted. The practical applicability of the decision tree was evaluated and compared to a Hughson-Westlake paradigm. Results: It was shown that, when collapsed over all audiometric frequencies, behavioral pure-tone thresholds were on average 10 dB lower than 40-msec cortical tone-burst thresholds, with an SD of 10 dB. Four percent of CAEP thresholds, all obtained from just three individual participants, were more than 30 dB higher than their behavioral counterparts. The use of a decision tree instead of a Hughson-Westlake procedure to obtain a CAEP threshold did not seem to reduce test time, but there was significantly less variation in the number of CAEP trials needed to determine a threshold. Conclusions: Behavioral hearing thresholds in hearing-impaired adults can be determined with an acceptable degree of accuracy (mean threshold correction and SD of both 10 dB) using an objective statistical cortical-response detection algorithm in combination with a decision tree to determine the test levels.

Tedó, Carmen Muñoz, Pilar Herreros De Tejada e Daniel G. Green. "Behavioral estimates of absolute threshold in rat". Visual Neuroscience 11, n. 6 (novembre 1994): 1077–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523800006891.

Testo completo

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

Abstract (sommario):

AbstractDark-adapted thresholds of albino and pigmented rats were estimated using behavioral methods. Albino and pigmented rats who had been water deprived learned to bar press for water reinforcement when a light stimulus was presented. Absolute threshold was defined to be the light intensity at which bar pressing behavior was significantly modified by the presence of the light stimulus. Albino rats had an average threshold of −5.23 log cd/m2 and the pigmented rats had a threshold of −5.0 log cd/m2. These values are close to −5.3 log cd/m2, the psychophysical threshold of human observers in the same apparatus. Consistent with our earlier electrophysiology, these behavioral experiments provide no evidence for an albino/pigmented sensitivity difference. Comparisons are made between behavioral and electrophysiological determinations of absolute threshold in albino and pigmented rats. Thresholds determined behaviorally agree remarkably well with those derived from visual evoked potentials.

Ortiz, Elelbin A., Philip D. Campbell, Jessica C. Nelson e Michael Granato. "A single base pair substitution in zebrafish distinguishes between innate and acute startle behavior regulation". PLOS ONE 19, n. 3 (18 marzo 2024): e0300529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0300529.

Testo completo

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

Abstract (sommario):

Behavioral thresholds define the lowest stimulus intensities sufficient to elicit a behavioral response. Establishment of baseline behavioral thresholds during development is critical for proper responses throughout the animal’s life. Despite the relevance of such innate thresholds, the molecular mechanisms critical to establishing behavioral thresholds during development are not well understood. The acoustic startle response is a conserved behavior whose threshold is established during development yet is subsequently acutely regulated. We have previously identified a zebrafish mutant line (escapist) that displays a decreased baseline or innate acoustic startle threshold. Here, we identify a single base pair substitution on Chromosome 25 located within the coding sequence of the synaptotagmin 7a (syt7a) gene that is tightly linked to the escapist acoustic hypersensitivity phenotype. By generating animals in which we deleted the syt7a open reading frame, and subsequent complementation testing with the escapist line, we demonstrate that loss of syt7a function is not the cause of the escapist behavioral phenotype. Nonetheless, escapist mutants provide a powerful tool to decipher the overlap between acute and developmental regulation of behavioral thresholds. Extensive behavioral analyses reveal that in escapist mutants the establishment of the innate acoustic startle threshold is impaired, while regulation of its acute threshold remains intact. Moreover, our behavioral analyses reveal a deficit in baseline responses to visual stimuli, but not in the acute regulation of responses to visual stimuli. Together, this work eliminates loss of syt7a as causative for the escapist phenotype and suggests that mechanisms that regulate the establishment of behavioral thresholds in escapist larvae can operate independently from those regulating acute threshold regulation.

Rahne, Torsten, e Thomas Ehelebe. "Objective Estimation of Frequency-Specific Pure-Tone Hearing Thresholds following Bone-Conduction Hearing Aid Stimulation". Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/247942.

Testo completo

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

Abstract (sommario):

Patients suffering from conductive or mixed hearing loss may benefit from bone-conduction hearing systems (BAHS). The amount of amplification provided by the hearing system is selected based on the individual’s sensorineural frequency-specific threshold. With patients who are not able to provide thresholds behaviorally, such as young children, objective methods are required to estimate the unaided and aided hearing threshold and thus the success of the hearing system fitting. In a prospective study with ten adult Baha softband users, aided and unaided frequency-specific thresholds were estimated. Aided thresholds to tone bursts via Baha stimulation were obtained behaviorally and electrophysiologically using cortical auditory evoked potentials (CAEPs) and were compared to pure-tone thresholds using routine clinical audiometry. For all stimulation frequencies, the frequency-specific electrophysiological and behavioral hearing thresholds measured with Baha stimulation were highly correlated and not different. Increased thresholds were observed only with the 0.5 kHz Baha stimulation as compared to the pure-tone audiogram. Objective measurement of frequency-specific hearing thresholds with CAEPs is applicable to BAHS users.

McCreery, Ryan, Elizabeth Walker, Meredith Spratford, Benjamin Kirby, Jacob Oleson e Marc Brennan. "Stability of Audiometric Thresholds for Children with Hearing Aids Applying the American Academy of Audiology Pediatric Amplification Guideline: Implications for Safety". Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 27, n. 03 (marzo 2016): 252–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.15049.

Testo completo

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

Abstract (sommario):

Background: Children who wear hearing aids may be at risk for further damage to their hearing from overamplification. Previous research on amplification-induced hearing loss has included children using linear amplification or simulations of predicted threshold shifts based on nonlinear amplification formulae. A relationship between threshold shifts and the use of nonlinear hearing aids in children has not been empirically verified. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to compare predicted threshold shifts from amplification to longitudinal behavioral thresholds in a large group of children who wear hearing aids to determine the likelihood of amplification-induced hearing loss. Research Design: An accelerated longitudinal design was used to collect behavioral threshold and amplification data prospectively. Study Sample: Two-hundred and thirteen children with mild-to-profound hearing loss who wore hearing aids were included in the analysis. Data Collection and Analysis: Behavioral audiometric thresholds, hearing aid outputs, and hearing aid use data were collected for each participant across four study visits. Individual ear- and frequency-specific safety limits were derived based on the Modified Power Law to determine the level at which increased amplification could result in permanent threshold shifts. Behavioral thresholds were used to estimate which children would be above the safety limit at 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz using thresholds in dB HL and then in dB SPL in the ear canal. Changes in thresholds across visits were compared for children who were above and below the safety limits. Results: Behavioral thresholds decreased across study visits for all children, regardless of whether their amplification was above the safety limits. The magnitude of threshold change across time corresponded with changes in ear canal acoustics as measured by the real-ear-to-coupler difference. Conclusions: Predictions of threshold changes due to amplification for children with hearing loss did not correspond with observed changes in threshold over across 2–4 yr of monitoring amplification. Use of dB HL thresholds and predictions of hearing aid output to set the safety limit resulted in a larger number of children being classified as above the safety limit than when safety limits were based on dB SPL thresholds and measured hearing aid output. Children above the safety limit for the dB SPL criteria tended to be fit above prescriptive targets. Additional research should seek to explain how the Modified Power Law predictions of threshold shift overestimated risk for children who wear hearing aids.

Naumova, I. V., A. V. Pashkov, I. V. Zelenkova e D. S. Klyachko. "Registration of assr-thresholds in free field stimulation in normal hearing persons. Our experience". Russian Otorhinolaryngology 19, n. 5 (2020): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.18692/1810-4800-2020-5-63-67.

Testo completo

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

Abstract (sommario):

Background: Currently, for an objective assessment of the thresholds of auditory sensitivity, one of the most popular diagnostic methods is the method of recording of auditory steady state response - the ASSR test. One of the primary uses of ASSR is to assess sound thresholds correlated with tonal threshold audiometry. Actually, there are no reliable criteria for the norm for this study with free field stimulation, in conditions close to the natural listening environment. The identification of these criteria will allow this method to be applied as a routine in patients who cannot be tested in the usual way using headsets or in-ear phones (headphones). Objective: To determine the correlation of the ASSR thresholds with free field stimulation and the responses of insert-transducers stimulation and values of tonal threshold audiometry in the free field in normally hearing individuals. Design: Behavioral thresholds in a free field were compared with the results of ASSR in 20 normally hearing adults (40 ears) with stimulus delivery both via insert-transducers and using a loudspeaker. Conclusion: The ASSR thresholds in normal hearing adults obtained by free field were comparable to the thresholds obtained with a stimulus through insert- transducers and the results of behavioral thresholds. The correction coefficients for measuring ASSR thresholds and behavioral thresholds in free field in normal hearing adults have been obtained.

Ebert, Charles Stephen, Charley S. Coffey, Allen F. Marshall, Stephanie Falk, John Skaggs e Douglas Fitzpatrick. "Behavioral Thresholds to Binaural Cues". Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 131, n. 2 (agosto 2004): P304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.otohns.2004.06.672.

Testo completo

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

Nagy, J., G. Bardos e G. Adam. "Behavioral thresholds of intestinal stimuli". International Journal of Psychophysiology 7, n. 2-4 (agosto 1989): 328–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-8760(89)90265-1.

Testo completo

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

Milner, Peter M., e André Laferrière. "Behavioral measurement of axonal thresholds". Behavioural Brain Research 22, n. 3 (dicembre 1986): 217–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0166-4328(86)90066-5.

Testo completo

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

Minett, Michael S., Kathryn Quick e John N. Wood. "Behavioral Measures of Pain Thresholds". Current Protocols in Mouse Biology 1, n. 3 (settembre 2011): 383–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470942390.mo110116.

Testo completo

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

Più fonti

Tesi sul tema "Behavioral thresholds":

Harris, Frances Pauline. "Distortion-product emissions and pure-tone behavioral thresholds". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184483.

Testo completo

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

Abstract (sommario):

Distortion-product emissions (DPEs) are tonal responses that may be detected in the ear canal when the ear is stimulated simultaneously by two tones that are closely spaced in frequency. In experimental animals, DPEs are reduced in amplitude or are eliminated when cochlear function is disrupted. This association has not been investigated in human subjects. This study was designed to investigate the relation of cochlear status, as determined by pure-tone behavioral thresholds, to DPE amplitude in human subjects. Forty men were selected as subjects. Twenty had normal hearing and 20 had high-frequency sensorineural hearing loss. Pure-tone behavioral thresholds were determined using conventional audiometric procedures for eight frequencies from 750 to 8000 Hz. DPEs were generated in the test ear of each subject by stimulating the ear with two tones, f1 and f2. The stimuli were selected to approximate audiometric test frequencies. Responses were detected by a sensitive microphone that was placed in the ear canal and were extracted by spectral analysis. Results of the study indicated that DPE amplitude was associated with pure-tone threshold. When audiometric threshold was ≤10 dB HL, DPEs could be elicited at all test frequencies for 98% of subjects in both groups. Mean maximum emission amplitude ranged from 3 to 13 dB SPL across frequency. When pure-tone threshold was above 50 dB HL, DPEs were absent or were significantly attenuated. DPEs varied in amplitude when audiometric threshold was between these two extremes. The association of DPE amplitude were pure-tone threshold was frequency specific. DPE amplitude was maximal when pure-tone thresholds were ≤10 dB HL and decreased as pure-tone behavioral threshold increased in the same subject. Repetition of the DPE protocol with five subjects from each group during separate test sessions indicated that the results were reliable over time. Results of the study have clinical implications. The technique may have potential as a noninvasive means of monitoring the status of the cochlea in human subjects.

Carbajal, M. Sandra. "Effects of moderate-level sound exposure on behavioral thresholds in chinchillas". Thesis, Purdue University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1597604.

Testo completo

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

Abstract (sommario):

Normal audiometric thresholds following noise exposure have generally been considered as an indication of a recovered cochlea and intact peripheral auditory system, yet recent animal work has challenged this classic assumption. Moderately noise-exposed animals have been shown to have permanent loss of synapses on inner hair cells (IHCs) and permanent damage to auditory nerve fibers (ANFs), specifically the low-spontaneous rate fibers (low-SR), despite normal electrophysiological thresholds. Loss of cochlear synapses, known as cochlear synaptopathy, disrupts auditory-nerve signaling, which may result in perceptual speech deficits in noise despite normal audiometric thresholds. Perceptual deficit studies in humans have shown evidence consistent with the idea of cochlear synaptopathy. To date, there has been no direct evidence linking cochlear synaptopathy and perceptual deficits. Our research aims to develop a cochlear synaptopathy model in chinchilla, similar to previously established mouse and guinea pig models, to provide a model in which the effects of cochlear synaptopathy on behavioral and physiological measures of low-frequency temporal coding can be explored.

Positive-reinforcement operant-conditioning was used to train animals to perform auditory detection behavioral tasks for four frequencies: 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz. Our goal was to evaluate the detection abilities of chinchillas for tone-in-noise and sinusoidal amplitude modulated (SAM) tone behavioral tasks, which are tasks thought to rely on low-SR ANFs for encoding. Testing was performed before and after exposure to an octave-band noise exposure centered at 1 kHz for 2 hours at 98.5 dB SPL. This noise exposure produced the synaptopathy phenotype in naïve chinchillas, based on auditory-brainstem responses (ABRs), otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) and histological analyses. Threshold shift and inferred synaptopathy was determined from ABR and OAE measures in our behavioral animals.

Overall, we have shown that chinchillas, similar to mice and guinea pigs, can display cochlear synaptopathy phenotype following moderate-level sound exposure. This finding was seen in naïve exposed chinchillas, but our results suggest the susceptibility to noise can vary between naïve and behavioral cohorts because minimal physiological evidence for synaptopathy was observed in the behavioral group. Hearing sensitivity determined by a tone-in-quiet behavioral task on normal hearing chinchillas followed trends reported previously, and supported the lack of permanent threshold shift following moderate noise exposure. As we expected, thresholds determined in a tone-in-noise behavioral task were higher than thresholds measured in quiet. Behavioral thresholds measured in noise after moderate noise exposure did not show threshold shifts relative to pre-exposure thresholds in noise. As expected, chinchillas were more sensitive at detecting fully modulated SAM-tone signals than less modulated, with individual modulation depth thresholds falling within previously reported mammalian ranges.

Although we have only been able to confirm cochlear synaptopathy in pilot assays with naïve animals so far (i.e., not in the pilot behavioral animals), this project has developed an awake protocol for moderate-level noise exposure, an extension to our lab’s previous experience with high-level permanent damage noise exposure under anesthesia. Also, we successfully established chinchilla behavioral training and testing protocols on several auditory tasks, a new methodology to our laboratory, which we hope will ultimately allow us to identify changes in auditory perception resulting from moderate-level noise exposure.

Lee, Jennifer Elizabeth. "Comparison of Auditory Thresholds Obtained with a Conditioned and an Unconditioned Response". University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1325738685.

Testo completo

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

Kelly, John Kip. "Estimation of Behavioral Thresholds in Normal Hearing Listeners Using Auditory Steady State Responses". The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1237559225.

Testo completo

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

Palestro, James J. "Some Tasks' Demands Require Collapsing Bounds: Evidence from a Behavioral Analysis". The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1514901294586086.

Testo completo

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

Kelly, J. Kip. "Estimation of behavioral hearing thresholds in normal hearing listeners using auditory steady state responses". Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1237559225.

Testo completo

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

El, Assad Meryem. "Trois études autour des annonces groupées". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ULILD001.

Testo completo

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

Abstract (sommario):

L'objectif de cette thèse est d'étudier le contexte dans lequel les entreprises américaines procèdent à des annonces groupées de résultats et les ressorts psychologiques sur lesquels elles s'appuient. Le premier chapitre explore des hypothèses alternatives sur les raisons pour lesquelles les managers regroupent les annonces de résultats en se basant sur les théories de la finance comportementale. En particulier, nous utilisons des idées dérivées de la théorie des perspectives et de la comptabilité mentale, et nous les mettons en relation avec les stratégies de communication. Nos résultats indiquent que les dirigeants ont tendance à regrouper des nouvelles de signes contradictoires afin de compenser l'effet négatif des mauvaises nouvelles et de réduire la pénalisation du marché. Après avoir examiné l'hypothèse des théories de la finance comportementale, nous menons une étude d'événement pour déterminer si les entreprises publient stratégiquement des annonces de bénéfices groupées pour exploiter l'inattention des investisseurs. Nous constatons que les réactions du marché sont similaires pour les annonces de résultats groupés et les annonces de résultats isolés. Le deuxième chapitre est basé sur la relation entre la stratégie de regroupement et les seuils comportementaux. En particulier, nous soutenons que les dirigeants ont tendance à regrouper stratégiquement les annonces de résultats avec d'autres informations afin d'éviter les conséquences décevantes d'un manquement aux seuils de résultats. Nos résultats indiquent que les entreprises dont les bénéfices dépassent de peu les attentes des analystes sont plus susceptibles de regrouper les annonces de bénéfices. En revanche, les entreprises dont les bénéfices sont les plus et les moins surprenants regroupent moins leurs annonces de bénéfices. Le troisième essai examine la relation entre les caractéristiques du dirigeant et la stratégie de regroupement des annonces de résultats. Nous soutenons que le dirigeant est impliqué dans la prise de décision concernant les annonces groupées. Plus précisément, nous examinons l'excès de confiance, l'âge, le sexe, la durée du mandat et la dualité du dirigeant pour expliquer la décision stratégique de publier des informations simultanées avec les annonces de résultats. Nous constatons que l'excès de confiance du dirigeant est associé à la décision de regrouper les annonces de résultats. En outre, la probabilité de regrouper les informations sur les bénéfices augmente, en général, si l'entreprise a publié une information groupée au cours de l'année précédente. Le regroupement est également positivement associé à la moyenne des nouvelles regroupées dans le même secteur
The purpose of this thesis is to study the context in which US firms carry out bundled announcements of earnings and the psychological springs on which they rely. The first chapter explores alternative hypothesis about why managers bundled earnings announcements based on behavioral finance theories. Specially, we use ideas deriving from the prospect theory and mental accounting, and relates them to disclosures strategies. Our results indicate that managers tend to bundle news of conflicting signs to offset the negative effect of the bad news and reduce the market penalization. After investigating the hypothesis of behavioral finance theories, we conduct an event study to examine whether firms strategically release bundled earnings announcements to exploit investors’ inattention. We find similar return reactions to bundled and non-bundled earnings announcements. The second chapter is based on the relation between the bundling strategy and the behavioral thresholds. Specially, we argue that managers tend to strategically bundle the earnings announcements with other disclosures to avoid the disappointing consequences of missing the earnings thresholds. Our results indicate that firms with earnings that just exceed the analysts’ expectations are more likely to bundle earnings announcements. In contrast, firms with the highest and lowest earnings surprises bundle less their earnings announcements. The third essay examines the relationship of the CEO characteristics and the bundling strategy of earnings announcements. We argue that the CEO is engaged in decision making of bundled announcements. Specifically, we examine the CEO’s overconfidence, age, gender, tenure, and duality in explaining the strategic decision of releasing concurrent information with earnings announcements. We find that CEO overconfidence is associated with the decision of bundling earnings news. Moreover, the probability of bundling earnings news increases, in general, if the firm issued a bundled news in the last year. The bundling is also positively associated with the average of bundled news in the same industry

Kuhlman, Christopher James. "Generalizations of Threshold Graph Dynamical Systems". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76765.

Testo completo

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

Abstract (sommario):

Dynamics of social processes in populations, such as the spread of emotions, influence, language, mass movements, and warfare (often referred to individually and collectively as contagions), are increasingly studied because of their social, political, and economic impacts. Discrete dynamical systems (discrete in time and discrete in agent states) are often used to quantify contagion propagation in populations that are cast as graphs, where vertices represent agents and edges represent agent interactions. We refer to such formulations as graph dynamical systems. For social applications, threshold models are used extensively for agent state transition rules (i.e., for vertex functions). In its simplest form, each agent can be in one of two states (state 0 (1) means that an agent does not (does) possess a contagion), and an agent contracts a contagion if at least a threshold number of its distance-1 neighbors already possess it. The transition to state 0 is not permitted. In this study, we extend threshold models in three ways. First, we allow transitions to states 0 and 1, and we study the long-term dynamics of these bithreshold systems, wherein there are two distinct thresholds for each vertex; one governing each of the transitions to states 0 and 1. Second, we extend the model from a binary vertex state set to an arbitrary number r of states, and allow transitions between every pair of states. Third, we analyze a recent hierarchical model from the literature where inputs to vertex functions take into account subgraphs induced on the distance-1 neighbors of a vertex. We state, prove, and analyze conditions characterizing long-term dynamics of all of these models.
Master of Science

Heiden, Marina. "Psychophysiological reactions to experimental stress : relations to pain sensitivity, position sense and stress perception". Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Umeå University, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-879.

Testo completo

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

Osugi, Mizuho. "Measuring Auditory Thresholds in Brushtail Possums (Trichosurus Vulpecula)". The University of Waikato, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2422.

Testo completo

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

Abstract (sommario):

A total of 9 brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) were trained to perform a two-manipulanda, conditional discrimination task. The possums learned to press a right lever in the presence of a tone (80 dB(A)) during tone-on trials, and a left lever in the absence of the tone on tone-off trials. Overall sessions of 11 conditions contained tone frequency between 100 Hz and 35 kHz were tested. Each condition contained training and then probe sessions. In training sessions, the possums were presented with tone-on and tone-off trials, pseudo-randomly. Once the possums responded with over 90% accuracy for five consecutive sessions, then probe sessions were introduced. Probe sessions were similar to the training sessions, except that the tone intensity for tone-on trials was reduced by 8 dB(A) across blocks of 20 trials until their response accuracy in a block fall below 60% or reached 24 dB(A). Data were analysed using overall percentages correct and log d analysis. Both measures indicated that overall response accuracy decreased for all possum as tone intensity reduced. Based on these data analyses, threshold values were calculated using the criterions at 75% correct and a log d of 0.48. The threshold values for each possum and across all possums were plotted as a function of the tone frequency to produce an audiogram. A curvilinear regression was fitted for each threshold values. The functions of both measures were very similar. Both audiograms showed that the possums could hear the tones between 100 Hz and 35 kHz, and were most sensitive to tones between 15 and 20 kHz. This experiment involved many difficulties with producing and measuring tones especially outside of human hearing range. Due to these difficulties, several problems and concerns were raised during the experiment, these were discussed in this study and also recommendations for future research were then presented.

Più fonti

Libri sul tema "Behavioral thresholds":

Breer, Vladimir V., Dmitry A. Novikov e Andrey D. Rogatkin. Mob Control: Models of Threshold Collective Behavior. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51865-7.

Testo completo

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

Mahesh, V. S. Thresholds of motivation: The corporation as a nursery forhuman growth. New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill, 1993.

Cerca il testo completo

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

Simon, Niemeyer, ESRC Environment and Human Behaviour Programme. e University of Birmingham. School of Geography., a cura di. Understanding thresholds in human behavior and responses to rapid climate change: ESRC Environment and Human Behavior Programme : working paper 04/01. Birmingham: School of Geography, University of B'ham, 2004.

Cerca il testo completo

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

Center, Langley Research, a cura di. Analyses of fatigue crack growth and closure near threshold conditions for large-crack behavior. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1999.

Cerca il testo completo

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

Cerca il testo completo

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

Harris, Bill. Thresholds of the Mind. Centerpointe Press, 2007.

Cerca il testo completo

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

Harris, Bill. Thresholds of the Mind. Centerpointe Press, 2002.

Cerca il testo completo

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

Novikov, Dmitry A., Vladimir V. Breer e Andrey D. Rogatkin. Mob Control: Models of Threshold Collective Behavior. Springer, 2018.

Cerca il testo completo

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

Novikov, Dmitry A., Vladimir V. Breer e Andrey D. Rogatkin. Mob Control: Models of Threshold Collective Behavior. Springer International Publishing AG, 2017.

Cerca il testo completo

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

Mahesh, V. S. Thresholds of Motivation: Nurturing Human Growth in the Organization. Mcgraw-Hill, 1994.

Cerca il testo completo

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

Più fonti

Capitoli di libri sul tema "Behavioral thresholds":

Coons, Michael James, e Jeremy Steglitz. "Pain Threshold". In Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine, 1617. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39903-0_1160.

Testo completo

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

Coons, Michael James, e Jeremy Steglitz. "Pain Threshold". In Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine, 1427–28. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1005-9_1160.

Testo completo

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

Macedo-Rego, Renato C., e Eduardo S. A. Santos. "Polygyny Threshold (Behavioral Ecology)". In Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science, 1–4. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16999-6_3613-1.

Testo completo

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

Macedo-Rego, Renato C., e Eduardo S. A. Santos. "Polygyny Threshold (Behavioral Ecology)". In Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science, 6053–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19650-3_3613.

Testo completo

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

Fukuhara, Makoto, Lin Wang, Shangning Tao, Zhijun Tang, Wenjian Tang, Linyao Dong e Zhongjie Fan. "A Risk Evaluation Method of Unstable Slopes Using Multipoint Tilting Sensors". In Progress in Landslide Research and Technology, Volume 2 Issue 1, 2023, 237–46. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-39012-8_11.

Testo completo

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

Abstract (sommario):

AbstractSlope monitoring and early warning systems (EWS) are a promising approach toward mitigating landslide-induced disasters. Many large-scale sediment disasters result in the destruction of infrastructure and loss of human life. The mitigation of vulnerability to slope and landslide hazards will benefit significantly from early warning alerts. The authors have been developing monitoring technology that uses a Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) tilt sensor array that detects the precursory movement of vulnerable slopes and informs the issuance of emergency caution and warning alerts. In this regard, the determination of alarm thresholds is very important. Although previous studies have investigated the recording of threshold values by an extensometer which installation at appropriate sites is rather difficult. The authors prefer tilt sensors and have proposed a novel threshold for the tilt angle, which was validated in this study. This threshold has an interesting similarity to the previously reported values using viscous models. Additionally, multi-point monitoring has recently emerged and allows for many sensors to be deployed at vulnerable slopes without disregarding the slope’s precursory local behavior. With this new technology, the detailed spatial and temporal variation of the behavior of vulnerable slopes can be determined as the displacement proceeds toward failure.

Aman, Bogdan, e Gabriel Ciobanu. "Behavioural Types Inspired by Cellular Thresholds". In Software Engineering and Formal Methods, 29–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05032-4_3.

Testo completo

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

Grønstøl, Gaute. "Polygyny Threshold Model". In Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior, 5436–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55065-7_460.

Testo completo

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

Grønstøl, Gaute. "Polygyny Threshold Model". In Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior, 1–8. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47829-6_460-1.

Testo completo

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

Drăgoi, Vlad-Florin, e Valeriu Beiu. "Consecutive Systems Asymptotic Threshold Behaviors". In Soft Computing Applications, 691–701. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-23636-5_53.

Testo completo

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

Breer, Vladimir V., Dmitry A. Novikov e Andrey D. Rogatkin. "Models of Threshold Collective Behavior". In Mob Control: Models of Threshold Collective Behavior, 5–8. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51865-7_2.

Testo completo

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

Atti di convegni sul tema "Behavioral thresholds":

Fischer, Thomas, Torben Fischer e Cristiano Ceccato. "Distributed Agents for Morphologic and Behavioral Expression in Cellular Design Systems". In ACADIA 2002: Thresholds Between Physical and Virtual. ACADIA, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2002.111.

Testo completo

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

Goshorn, Edward, Kimberly Ward, Charles Marx e Preston Lewis. "Relationship between behavioral and electrophysiological thresholds". In 2017 ICU Honolulu: Sixth International Congress on Ultrasonics. Acoustical Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/2.0000750.

Testo completo

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

Odom, J. Vernon, e Gung-mei Chao. "Stereoacuity: A Preliminary Comparison of VEP and Behavioral Thresholds". In Noninvasive Assessment of the Visual System. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/navs.1986.md3.

Testo completo

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

Abstract (sommario):

Stereopsis is one of the finest discriminations of the visual system. Not surprisingly, it is one of the discriminations most easily disrupted by abnormal visual experience. Therefore, tests of stereopsis have great premise as screening tests for abnormal visual function.

Levina, Anna, Natalia Shiryaeva, Alexander Vaido e Natalia Dyuzhikova. "LONG-TERM BEHAVIORAL EFFECTS OF CHRONIC STRESS DYNAMICS IN RATS WITH DIFFERENT NERVOUS SYSTEM EXCITABILITY THRESHOLDS". In XVIII INTERNATIONAL INTERDISCIPLINARY CONGRESS NEUROSCIENCE FOR MEDICINE AND PSYCHOLOGY. LCC MAKS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m2823.sudak.ns2022-18/206.

Testo completo

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

Olawale, Opeoluwa Wonuola, Benjamin Gilbert e Janet Reyna. "Demand Response Analysis for Different Residential Personas in a Comfort-Driven Behavioral Context". In ASME 2021 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-73143.

Testo completo

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

Abstract (sommario):

Abstract Low demand response (DR) participation and high program drop-out rates continue to impede DR goals that could save up to $13 billion in annual grid expansion and electricity demand costs. Yet, the literature lacks a thorough understanding of how different residential customer segments enrolled in DR programs respond to utility signals in view of occupant comfort considerations. The objective of this study is to gain a clear understanding of the effects of four different customer personas on residential DR. Given current data limitations, this work developed an array of hypothetical personas with varied priorities, activity levels, and comfort thresholds based on demographic variables that have been found in previous studies to influence energy consumption. A BEopt™ DR model for a reference residential single-family building located in Colorado was built to isolate the effect of differences in buildings or climate. The results provide useful evidence on how persona-comfort differences lead to significant deviations in DR goals (especially peak demand reduction), ranging from 0.1% to 20%. This work presents a novel framework representing comfort preferences in DR models. The data generated, albeit synthetic, and the results could inform DR program design considerations of how different people respond to different comfort priorities.

Dong, Ling, Kathryn E. Lee e Beth A. Winkelstein. "Dynamic Distraction of the Cervical Facet Joint Produces Higher Mechanical Allodynia than Quasistatic Distraction: Implications of Displacement Thresholds for Pain in Whiplash Loading". In ASME 2007 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2007-176587.

Testo completo

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

Abstract (sommario):

Chronic neck pain due to whiplash injury results in 10.2 million visits to ambulatory care settings annually in the United States [1]. During the whiplash kinematic, the cervical facet joint undergoes tensile loading at a strain rate of 500–1000%/s [2,3]. In addition, distraction of the facet joint and its capsule in animal models produces both firing of pain fibers in the capsule and persistent behavioral hypersensitivity (measured by mechanical allodynia) [4,5]. In vivo studies have demonstrated a dependence of pain symptoms on the magnitude of applied joint distraction, with some distraction magnitudes not producing any changes in physiologic outcomes or pain [5]. However, in those studies, joint loading was applied quasistatically, despite the dynamic nature of whiplash. While such work provides insight into mechanisms of facet-mediated neck pain and suggests that the magnitude of joint distraction may affect pain symptoms, those studies did not incorporate the dynamic effects necessary for modeling whiplash. It remains unclear whether dynamic loading of the cervical facet joint can induce behavioral hypersensitivity, and if so, whether the degree of behavioral sensitivity depends on the distraction magnitude. This pilot study compared the effects of dynamically and quasistatically applied facet joint loading on ligament kinematics and corresponding pain symptoms.

Brownell, Ethan, Jonathan Cagan e Kenneth Kotovsky. "Only As Strong As the Strongest Link: The Impact of Individual Team Member Proficiency in Configuration Design". In ASME 2020 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2020-22152.

Testo completo

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

Abstract (sommario):

Abstract Prior research has demonstrated how the average characteristics of a team impact team performance. Individual characteristics of team members and individual team member behavior have been largely ignored, especially in the context of engineering design. In this work, a behavioral study was conducted to uncover whether the most or least proficient member of a configuration design team had a larger impact on overall performance. It was found that a configuration design team is most dependent on the proficiency of its most proficient member and results suggest that replacing the most proficient member with an even more proficient member can be expected to have a more positive impact than replacing any other member with a higher proficiency member of the same change in proficiency. The most proficient member had a significant positive effect on how quickly the team reached performance thresholds and that the other members of the team were not found to have the same positive impact throughout the design study. Behavioral heuristics were found using hidden Markov modeling to capture the differences in behavior and design strategy between different proficiency members. Results show that high proficiency and low proficiency team members exhibit different behavior, with the most proficient member’s behavior leading to topologically simpler designs and other members adopting their designs, leading to the most proficient member driving the team design and team performance.

Tan, Hong Z., e William M. Rabinowitz. "A New Mult-Finger Tactual Display". In ASME 1996 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1996-0377.

Testo completo

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

Abstract (sommario):

Abstract A multi-finger positional display (the TACTUATOR) was developed to study communication through the kinesthetic and vibrotactile aspects of the tactual sensory system of the hand. The display consists of three independent single contact-point actuators interfaced (individually) with the fingerpads of the thumb, the index finger, and the middle finger. Each actuator utilizes a disk-drive head-positioning motor augmented with angular position feedback from a precision rotary variable differential transformer (RVDT). A floatingpoint DSP system provides real-time positional control using a digital PID controller. Stimuli from threshold to about 50 dB SL can be delivered throughout the frequency range from near DC to above 300 Hz, thereby encompassing the perceptual range from gross motion to vibration. Actuator frequency and step responses are well modeled as a second-order linear system. Distortion is low allowing delivery of arbitrary stimulus waveforms, e.g., 25 mm low-frequency motion with superimposed high-frequency vibration. System noise and inter-channel crosstalk are also small. As one example of behavioral performance verification, absolute thresholds measured with the stimulator are in general agreement with values in the literature. Overall, the TACTUATOR accurately follows its drive waveforms and is well suited for a variety of multi-finger tactual perceptual studies.

Yager, Dean, e Bettina L. Beard. "Psychophysical Performance as a Function of Age: There Really Is a Contrast Sensitivity Deficit in the Elderly!" In Noninvasive Assessment of the Visual System. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/navs.1991.md1.

Testo completo

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

Abstract (sommario):

One of the uses of psychophysics is to learn something about the physiology of a sensory system through the behavioral responses of an observer to carefully-controlled stimuli and through the application of defined linking hypotheses. Problems of interpretation arise when there may be multiple sources of variation in the responses. Differences in visual thresholds at different ages might be the result of differences in performance as psychophysical observers, and not due to changes in the visual system itself. There also may be a change in the variability of the sensory response (intrinsic noise) while sensitivity remains constant. The particular psychophysical method used may also be critical for the interpretation of results; in particular, does the measurement depend on the subject's own criterion?

Shergadwala, Murtuza N., e Jitesh H. Panchal. "Sequential Design Decision Making Under the Influence of Competition: A Protocol Analysis". In ASME 2020 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2020-22254.

Testo completo

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

Abstract (sommario):

Abstract In this study, we focus on crowdsourcing contests for engineering design problems where contestants search for design alternatives. Our stakeholder is a designer of such a contest who requires support to make decisions, such as whether to share opponent-specific information with the contestants. There is a significant gap in our understanding of how sharing opponent-specific information influences a contestant’s information acquisition decision such as whether to stop searching for design alternatives. Such decisions in turn affect the outcomes of a design contest. To address this gap, the objective of this study is to investigate how participants’ decision to stop searching for a design solution is influenced by the knowledge about their opponent’s past performance. The objective is achieved by conducting a protocol study where participants are interviewed at the end of a behavioral experiment. In the experiment, participants compete against opponents with strong (or poor) performance records. We find that individuals make decisions to stop acquiring information based on various thresholds such as a target design quality, the number of resources they want to spend, and the amount of design objective improvement they seek in sequential search. The threshold values for such stopping criteria are influenced by the contestant’s perception about the competitiveness of their opponent. Such insights can enable contest designers to make decisions about sharing opponent-specific information with participants, such as the resources utilized by the opponent towards purposefully improving the outcomes of an engineering design contest.

Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Behavioral thresholds":

Leis e Walsh. L51575 Mechanics-Based Analysis of SCC in a Carbonate-Bicarbonate Environment. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), agosto 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010306.

Testo completo

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

Abstract (sommario):

Stress-corrosion cracking (SCC) occurs occasionally in line-pipe steels. Reviews of this cracking indicate that the environment is carbonate-bicarbonate and that the cracking is primarily intergranular. Research sponsored by the PRCI Line Pipe Research Supervisory Committee (LPRSC) has over the years identified metallurgical and electrochemical parameters as playing a role in the process. This work has also argued the significance of strain rate and its relationship to the service loading, given that dissolution is indicated as the controlling mechanism. While much has been learned about the mechanism of cracking, very little has been learned about how to directly relate the nucleation and growth of cracks to the loading, the metallurgy, and the environmental parameters. The continual development of new line-pipe steels, the probable development of reliable in-line inspection (ILI) tools to detect SCC, and the occasional discovery of cracking colonies during field surveys have recently centered attention on methods to rank line-pipe resistance to SCC and characterize crack-growth rates. Ranking line-pipe resistance to SCC may be done in terms of a threshold stress for nucleation of SCC or the rate of crack growth at some crack depth beyond nucleation. Estimating remaining life of cracks located by an ILI tool or confirmed in a field survey involves only crack growth rate data or data that define a threshold stress for continued growth. Recent attention of the SCC subgroup of the LPRSC, therefore, has focussed on experimental protocols to assess susceptibility, determine thresholds, and establish growth rate behavior. The tapered-tension test (TTT) has been developed to determine stress thresholds for crack nucleation, whereas several different prenotched or precracked geometries have been or are now being used to assess crack growth. Attention has also focussed on modelling SCC thresholds and crack growth behavior so that data developed under laboratory conditions can be adapted to assess field cracking situations. Models are being explored for both threshold and crack-growth conditions. This report presents the development and validation for a model that is being adapted to line-pipe problems for the SCC subgroup. This model deals with the threshold for and the growth of SCC cracks up to about 0.020-inch deep.

Zanoni, Wladimir, Paul Carrillo-Maldonado, Juan Pantano e Nicolás Chuquimarca. Irrational Bunching? Tax Regimes, Brackets, and Taxpayer Behaviors. Inter-American Development Bank, giugno 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0013005.

Testo completo

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

Abstract (sommario):

In this study, we examine the behavior of self-employed taxpayers who “bunch" at an income level just below a critical threshold, which triggers a transition from a simple tax regime to a more complex one. Under the simple regime, individuals complete their tax forms independently, while the complex regime mandates the use of a public accountant for maintaining accounting records. Utilizing data from the Ecuadorian tax authority from 2011 to 2014, we initially observed and documented the bunching behavior prompted by the shift between regimes. Subsequently, we assess the impact of this regime transition on the amount of taxes paid by those self-employed taxpayers who choose to fill taxes in the complex regime. Our methodology employs both parametric and semi-parametric “donut” estimators to evaluate these effects. We find that the regime shift indeed prompts taxpayers to bunch below the income threshold, opting to remain within the simpler regime. Interestingly, those who transition into the complex regime tend to pay less in taxes. This pattern holds across various bunching windows and is consistent across several estimators used. Our results suggest that accountants are the key mechanism behind the effects, for they help taxpayers better navigate tax deductions and benefits, leading individuals to pay zero taxes.

Riggs, Lynn, Dean R. Hyslop e David C. Maré. Estimating the impact of the Families Package changes in financial incentives. Motu Economic and Public Policy Research, dicembre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29310/wp.2022.06.

Testo completo

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

Abstract (sommario):

In this paper we analyse behavioural responses to changes in financial incentives associated with the 2018 Families Package. For this analysis, we followed the methods pioneered by Saez (2010) and Chetty et al. (2013), which use bunching around kink points in the income schedule to estimate the degree of behavioural response. In general, the role of financial incentives in labour supply behaviour has been the subject of investigation for many decades, and although there is considerable concern about adverse labour supply responses to increased generosity of benefits, the available evidence on labour supply responses is mixed and surprisingly muted. We find no evidence of response around the salient kink points related to the policy changes; however, in contrast to the lack of bunching around the policy points, we see clear evidence of bunching around the top two marginal tax rate (MTR) thresholds, as well as at twice these amounts by coupled parental units. This suggests the methodology is able to identify such behavioural responses if they exist. Moreover, according to the theoretical model established in Saez (2010), the degree of bunching around the MTR thresholds should be similar if not less than that around the Families Package policy points we examine. The results in that respect are surprising, though Saez (2010), Chetty et al. (2013), and others find that bunching tends to occur around high visibility, easily understood kink points which have large impacts on disposable income.

Anadu, Kenechukwu, Pablo Azar, Marco Cipriani, Thomas M. Eisenbach, Catherine Huang, Mattia Landoni, Gabriele La Spada, Marco Macchiavelli, Antoine Malfroy-Camine e J. Christina Wang. Runs and Flights to Safety: Are Stablecoins the New Money Market Funds? Federal Reserve Bank of New York, settembre 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.59576/sr.1073.

Testo completo

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

Abstract (sommario):

Stablecoins and money market funds both seek to provide investors with safe, money-like assets but are vulnerable to runs in times of stress. In this paper, we investigate similarities and differences between the two, comparing investor behavior during the stablecoin runs of 2022 and 2023 to investor behavior during the money market fund runs of 2008 and 2020. We document that, similarly to money market fund investors, stablecoin investors engage in flight to safety, with net flows from riskier to safer stablecoins during run periods. However, whereas in money market funds, run risk has historically materialized only in prime funds, with stablecoins, runs occurred in different stablecoin types across the 2022 and 2023 episodes. We also show that, similarly to intrafamily flows in money market funds, stablecoin flows tend to be within blockchains. Finally, for stablecoins, we estimate a discrete “break-the-buck” threshold of $0.99, below which redemptions accelerate.

Christman. L51577 Prediction of SCC Susceptibility Based on Mechanical Properties of Line Pipe Steels. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), agosto 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010278.

Testo completo

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

Abstract (sommario):

If a relationship between the deformation properties of a line pipe steel and its stress-corrosion cracking resistance can be established, then steels may be selected or designed for improved stress-corrosion resistance, based on their mechanical properties. Benefit: In this research program three line pipe steels, removed from long-term service, were examined to determine if there is a correlation between their mechanical properties and stress-corrosion cracking resistance. The hypothesis was that the steel with the greatest tendency for strain hardening, under cyclic and monotonic stress conditions would also have the highest threshold stress for stress-corrosion crack initiation. This hypothesis was verified by the laboratory experiments, which showed the steel with the greatest tendency for strain hardening to have the highest resistance to stress-corrosion. Two other steels, with distinctly lower resistance to plastic deformation, had lower threshold stresses for stress-corrosion. This observation is consistent with the present concept of stress-corrosion crack growth, which holds that crack tip dissolution, and hence crack propagation, occurs because localized plastic deformation ruptures passive films or prevents film formation resulting in crack growth. Result: The cyclic strain behavior of these three steels is consistent with their monotonic stress-strain curves. Both Steels A and B showed a point of extreme strain as the cyclic stress was increased. Their monotonic stress-strain curves both showed well pronounced yield points above which a considerable strain accompanied a small stress increment (low strain hardening). For both steels the rapid increase in cyclic strain occurred at approximately the elevated temperature yield point (\45 ksi for Steel A

Tacsir, Ezequiel, e Mariano Pereira. Gender Contribution to the Innovation-Productivity Relationship in the Wake of COVID-19: Evidence for the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, marzo 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004770.

Testo completo

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

Abstract (sommario):

This study presents new findings on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on productivity and innovation for Caribbean firms, with particular focus on the effects on firm gender diversity and workforce composition. Research on the impact of women's participation on firm performance and innovation has so far produced mixed results, though there is some evidence to suggest that for Latin America, larger shares of women in the knowledge creation and innovation process may increase innovative behavior and, as a consequence, lead to greater labor productivity. In the current context, female participation in firms becomes an even more pressing issue, given the early indications of the pandemics disproportionately negative burden on women s income and jobs in different regions. We found that the gender composition of the personnel has an interesting direct effect on productivity. At the same time, our results show that the expected reductions in female personnel due to the pandemic, have a negative effect in the shares of female participation which, in turn, have the potential to nullify the mentioned productivity channel. This suggests the existence of a minimum threshold of female participation to profit from diversity. Hence, it seems that policy should focus particularly on protecting female jobs, particularly in the wake of dramatic shocks affecting revenues and/or employment.

Roth, Christian. Evaluation of the In-vehicle Experience. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, maggio 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2023009.

Testo completo

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

Abstract (sommario):

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Modern in-vehicle experiences are brimming with functionalities and convenience driven by automation, digitalization, and electrification. While automotive manufacturers are competing to provide the best systems to their customers, there is no common ground to evaluate these in-vehicle experiences as they become increasingly complex. Existing automotive guidelines do not offer thresholds for cognitive distraction, or—more appropriately—“disengagement.” What can researchers can do to change this?</div><div class="htmlview paragraph"><b>Evaluation of the In-vehicle Experience</b> discusses acceptable levels of disengagement by evaluating the driving context and exploring how system reliability can translate to distraction and frustration. It also covers the need to test systems for their complexity and ease of use, and to prevent users from resorting to alternative systems while driving (e.g., smartphones). It highlights the value in naturalistic data generation using vehicles already sold to customers and the issues around privacy and trust concerning such methods. Lastly, it talks about the opportunities and challenges behind developing automated testing methods for in-vehicle experiences that simulate human behavior and how to shorten evaluation timelines to enabling a much larger scale of systems testing.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph"><a href="https://www.sae.org/publications/edge-research-reports" target="_blank">Click here to access the full SAE EDGE</a><sup>TM</sup><a href="https://www.sae.org/publications/edge-research-reports" target="_blank"> Research Report portfolio.</a></div></div>

Smith, Donald L. Observations on the Effects of 252Cf Spontaneous-Fission Neutron Spectrum Uncertainties on Uncertainties in Calculated Spectrum-Average Cross Sections for Reactions in the Neutron Dosimetry Library IRDFF-II. IAEA Nuclear Data Section, novembre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.61092/iaea.wx80-dm11.

Testo completo

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

Abstract (sommario):

The Neutron Dosimetry Library IRDFF-II was released in January 2020, and was subsequently documented by an article published in the Nuclear Data Sheets by A. Trkov et al. The development of this library, under the auspices of the IAEA Nuclear Data Section, entailed extensive effort to assemble and examine the available, relevant experimental data, as well as to select and validate the best available cross-section evaluations, for some 110 neutron reaction processes included in this library. Part of the validation process for this library entailed comparing experimental and evaluated differential cross-sections as well as corresponding integral cross sections for a variety of integral neutron spectra considered to be relevant for fission and fusion neutron dosimetry purposes. Prominent among these spectra is the well-known 252Cf spontaneous-fission (s.f.) neutron spectrum that is considered to be a standard for both IRDFF-II and the ENDF/B libraries. Experimental and calculated uncertainties for all these data were considered in this validation process. The evaluated 252Cf s.f. neutron spectrum, owing to the manner in which it was developed, is considered to be largely independent of the evaluated neutron reaction cross sections in both of these libraries. Therefore, the uncertainties in calculated spectrum-average cross sections (SACS) stemming from evaluated cross-section uncertainties are considered to be largely independent from the uncertainties in the evaluated 252Cf s.f. neutron-spectrum itself. The present investigation sought specifically to examine systematic behaviors for the uncertainties of calculated neutron reaction SACS in IRDFF-II due exclusively to uncertainties in the 252Cf spectrum. This work was enabled by the availability of extensive calculations performed and documented by A. Trkov during development of the IRDFF-II Library. It was observed from the present investigation that the 252Cf s.f. neutron spectrum component of these calculated SAC uncertainties, for threshold reactions that exhibit relatively smooth cross-section behaviors, vary quite smoothly and predictably as a function of the parameter E50% (that neutron energy at which the reaction-rate integral for this neutron spectrum reaches 50% of the integral over the full energy range) for values of E50% from around 2 MeV up to almost 17 MeV. The behaviors observed in the present investigation for those reactions in IRDFF-II involving lower and higher values of E50% are less predictable owing to factors that are discussed in this report. This report also provides numerous tables and plots based on calculated results from the work of A. Trkov to illustrate these conclusions.

Regan, Jack, e Robin Zevotek. Study of the Fire Service Training Environment: Safety and Fidelity in Concrete Live Fire Training Buildings. UL Firefighter Safety Research Institute, luglio 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/wxtw8877.

Testo completo

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

Abstract (sommario):

The goal of fire service training is to prepare students for the conditions and challenges that they face on the fireground. Among the challenges that firefighters routinely face on the fireground are ventilation-controlled fires. The hazard of these fires has been highlighted by several line-of-duty deaths and injuries in which a failure to understand the fire dynamics produced by these fires has been a contributing factor. The synthetic fuels that commonly fill contemporary homes tend to result in ventilation-controlled conditions. While synthetic fuels are common on the residential fireground, the fuels that firefighters use for fire training are more often representative of natural, wood-based fuels. In order to better understand the fire dynamics of these training fires, a series of experiments was conducted in a concrete live fire training building in an effort to evaluate the fidelity and safety of two training fuels, pallets and OSB, and compare the fire dynamics created by these fuels to those created by a fuel load representative of a living room set with furniture items with a synthetic components. Additionally, the effects of the concrete live fire training building on the fire dynamics were examined. The two training fuel loads were composed of wooden pallets and straw, and pallets, straw, and oriented strand board (OSB). The results indicated that the high leakage area of the concrete live fire training building relative to the fuel load prevented the training fuel packages from becoming ventilation-controlled and prevented the furniture package from entering a state of oxygen-depleted decay. The furniture experiments progressed to flashover once ventilation was provided. Under the conditions tested, the wood based fuels, combined with the construction features of this concrete live fire training building, limited the ability to teach ventilation-controlled fire behavior and the associated firefighting techniques. Additionally, it was shown that the potential for thermal injury to firefighters participating in a training evolution existed well below thresholds where firefighter PPE would be damaged.

Singhvi, Punit, Javier García Mainieri, Hasan Ozer e Brajendra Sharma. Rheology-Chemical Based Procedure to Evaluate Additives/Modifiers Used in Asphalt Binders for Performance Enhancements: Phase 2. Illinois Center for Transportation, giugno 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-020.

Testo completo

Gli stili APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO e altri

Abstract (sommario):

The increased use of softer binders in Illinois over the past decade is primarily attributed to the increased use of recycled materials in asphalt pavement construction. The shift in demand of using PG 58-28 over PG 64-22 has resulted in potential alternative methods to produce softer binders more economically using proprietary products. However, there are challenges in using these proprietary products for asphalt modification because of uncertainty in their long-term performance and significant variability in binder chemistry. The current SuperPave performance grading specification for asphalt binders is insufficient in differentiating binders produced from these modifiers. Therefore, the objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of various softener-type asphalt binder modifiers using a wide array of rheological and chemistry tests for their integration into the Illinois Department of Transportation’s material specifications. The small-strain rheological tests and their parameters allowed for consistent grouping of modified binders and can be used as surrogates to identify performing and nonperforming asphalt binders. A new parameter, Δ|G*|peak τ, was developed from the linear amplitude sweep test and showed potential to discriminate binders based on their large-strain behavior. Chemistry-based parameters were shown to track aging and formulation changes. The modifier sources were identified using fingerprint testing and were manifested in the modified binder chemical and compositional characteristics. The two sources of base binders blended with the modifiers governed the aging rate of the modified binders. Mixture performance testing using the Illinois Flexibility Index Test and the Hamburg Wheel-Track Test were consistent with the rheological and chemical findings, except for the glycol amine-based modified binder, which showed the worst cracking performance with the lowest flexibility index among the studied modifiers. This was contrary to its superior rheological performance, which may be attributed to lower thermal stability, resulting in high mass loss during mixing. According to the characterization of field-aged binders, laboratory aging of two pressurized aging vessel cycles or more may represent realistic field aging of 10 to 15 years at the pavement surface and is able to distinguish modified binders. Therefore, an extended aging method of two pressurized aging vessel cycles was recommended for modified binders. Two different testing suites were recommended for product approval protocol with preliminary thresholds for acceptable performance validated with field-aged data.