Tesi sul tema "Begum"

This paper studies subjectivity in the Mail Online journalism with a focus on judgmental reporting from the male sphere. The Background research presents the current paradigm of what is acceptable when writing subjectively in journalism and concludes that it is acceptable and is no longer seen as the antithesis to objectivity. However, there remain rules as to what is too much subjectivity such as ‘falsehoods’. The background continues and discusses what the male sphere is, what it means to report from the male sphere, and how one must behave within this sphere to be a ‘true’ woman or ‘true’ man. The study located and categorised both Direct and Indirect Judgment from the male sphere in articles from the Mail Online. Articles about Shamima Begum and Mohammed Emwazi were chosen because of their similarities and because of the very different way reporters chose to present their stories. Locating and categorising Judgment using the framework Appraisal and Journalistic Discourse Theory worked well with the ideological focus of the male sphere. The theoretical framework allows for individual subjective utterances to be categorised as Direct Judgment as well as whole extracts to be analysed, and categorised as Indirect Judgment. The results show that in the case of Shamima Begum, negative Judgment was inferred from the male sphere in the form of Indirect Judgment which needed to be read in context. In the case of Mohammed Emwazi both positive and negative Judgment was inferred which was both Direct and Indirect. Both actor’s results directly correspond to Judgment of gendered characteristics from the ‘Male Sphere’ explained Background. This paper concludes with a discussion of the judgments from the male sphere of both actors with examples from the extracts, finishing with limitations of the study and future research considerations.

This qualitative study adopts a criminological perspective to investigate how newspaper headlines surrounding western-raised female Foreign Terrorist Fighters (FTFs) are being framed by the British media. This investigation employs a case study approach, to thematically analyse how narratives surrounding a high profile British FTF, Shamima Begum, were framed by headlines of British newspapers once she requested repatriation to the United Kingdom (UK) after four years as a FTF in Syria. When Begum left UK in 2015, aged 15, the media narrative leant towards suggestions of Begum being considered to be a victim. Therefore, this study looks at how the more recent newspaper headlines frame Begums more complex narrative in 2019 when the UK was faced with the conundrum as to how to respond the repatriation request of a British-born female FTF who was also heavily pregnant at the time. Therefore, the focused timeframe of the study is from February 2019, until August 2019. Only the headlines of British newspapers were examined to see how the snapshot of the framed narratives surrounding Begum during this time were presented. The aim was to investigate from a criminological perspective whether the choice of framing was creating a societal perception as to whether the FTF is a perpetrator or victim, according to the societal “trial by media” that newspapers often inspire. Whilst objectivity is always an issue, this study is not designed to make any judgment either way in regards to the Begum case or her agency in her FTF experience but to simply raise awareness as to how narrative around perpetrators or victims can create societal and individual biases and can serve to reduce or increase fear of the “other”. This study demonstrated that the framing chosen by the media increases the level of bias with the focus on the security risk and punishment aspects of the discussion surrounding Begums situation. This is important to be aware of as this in turn significantly contributes to greater racial, ethnic or religious tension within society. Unless we address how perpetrators and victims are discussed, then we increase the risk of greater racial, ethnic or religious tension within society which can create a multitude of other societal and criminological issues.

Between 2011 and 2019 around 900 British citizens left the United Kingdom to travel to Syria and join militant groups such as the Islamic State (ISIS) (EPRS, 2018, p.33). After the fall of the so-called caliphate the issue of prosecuting and/or bringing citizens back was widely debated in Europe, especially in the UK, who was accused of taking a drastic measure to the dilemma, causing a political rift in the nation (NPR, 2019). At the center of the debate, both in the media and in parliament, was a young woman called Shamima Begum, who was deprived of her UK citizenship in 2019. This event lead to a debate on human rights and if Begum had had hers violated (The Times, 2019). Previous research has shown that the ethical media discourse on human rights is multifaced, contested and strong in its ability to incite certain worldviews in society (Sampaio, 2016, p.2). Furthermore, previous studies argue that women tend to be framed differently from men in the media when they are involved in conflict, terror or war (Sjöberg & Gentry, 2007, p.30). In addition to this, western media tends to use Muslim women as a symbol of difference by stereotyping them in terms of culture and religion (Brown, 2011, p.716). This study aims to trace the width and depth of UK media’s discourse on human rights issues and the debate on foreign fighters over the political spectrum, through the case of Shamima Begum. Building off of framing theory and previous research on the framing of females and Islam, it asks how the Guardian and the Times, two national British newspapers, prioritizes the aspect of human rights in their reporting on Begum’s case. This by asking what frames they construct and how these frames compare and differ between the two outlets and the years 2015 and 2019. The material, constituted by articles and images, was analyzed on the base of Critical Discourse Analysis and Framing theory. The results find four different frames used. These frames are the Naïve victim, the Imperfect victim, ISIS radicalisation and the Willing ISIS devotee. The frames propose opposite standpoints of the newspapers both in their view on Begum and her guilt, and ultimately her human rights, perhaps aligning their discourse with the polarized political one in the UK. The study also shows that aspects connected to Begum’s gender and religion to some extent are prioritized in the framing of her, ultimately affecting the view of her end her fundamental rights as a human being.

Theoretical part of this thesis examines the most significant adaptations of Jules Verne´s novels into feature films. From the beginning of cinematography until present days the author describes different artistical approaches during the 20th century around the whole world. The main part of this thesis is an artistic concept of the movie based on Verne´s novel "Ocelové město" (Les Cinq Cents Millions de la Begum). It contains description of the whole idea and author´s proposal for a design introduced in form of paintings based on specific scenes from the novel.

This research project was begun during the financial crisis of 2009 with the objective of increasing the competiveness of SMEs’ (Small and Medium sized Enterprises) by developing their innovation-management capabilities. The research presented in this licentiate thesis (thesis) is a part of the project in which newly-formed innovation groups at two SMEs in Eskilstuna, Sweden have been studied before they began innovation work. Prior research has indicated a need to observe processes within on-going innovation projects. My overall hypothesis that reaches beyond this thesis, is that an innovation group that improves its innovation-related knowledge, reduces knowledge gaps and increases innovation-related awareness, generates positive additional values such as motivation or enthusiasm above the results such as patents or project costs that are traditional measurements within innovation projects. The first study in the iterative research process focused on the innovation-related knowledge of newly-formed innovation groups. The results led to further immersed studies, in total five case studies, in which 21 respondents participated. A theoretical framework consisting of theories from Knowledge management and System theory was used to analyze the results and the research question of this licentiate thesis emerged as: “What would a model that describes a newly-formed innovation group’s innovation-related knowledge, knowledge gaps, information flow and awareness look like?” Four sub-questions, one per each aspect of the research question, have been used to analyze prior research, theories and the conducted case studies. A model, Innovation Group Model (IGM), was created according to the research question and goal for this thesis. A one-sentence-explanation could be: “The organization, the innovation group and the individuals must have the opportunity to be motivated to learn innovation management in theory and practice to achieve innovation-readiness and awareness to detect and utilize innovation-related information available within the internal and external information flow.” This thesis contributes to the research area of Innovation and design with knowledge concerning newly-formed innovation groups. Three practical applications of the research results are suggested; (1) IGM can be used in organizations to understand the complex situation when an innovation group is created. (2) IGM can be used when planning for physical or virtual environments in which an innovation group consisting of professionals and customers is intended to develop or generate ideas. (3) IGM can be used when developing innovation-related audits intended to provide a deeper understanding of a respondent’s knowledge. On the basis of the results from this licentiate thesis, I suggest further research according to the overall hypothesis. With IGM as a starting point, one could study the progress of innovation groups and where necessary, provide support in specific areas.

This thesis uses affect theory and studies of emotion to analyse literary representations of the everyday in fictional and non-fictional writing about Muslim migrant women in the UK from 1906 to 2012. Postcolonial literary studies tend to value exceptional events over mundane life, which causes possible issues of exoticism and a danger of homogenising distinct experiences. This thesis offers a theorisation of migration that foregrounds everyday experience through an engagement with theories of objects, bodies and space, as well as emotional experiences that are specific to migrant subjectivity. It analyses two groups of texts: early twentieth century travel writing by Atiya Fyzee, Shahbano Begum Maimoona Sultan and Zeyneb Hanoum, and contemporary literary texts by Yeshim Ternar, Farhana Sheikh, Monica Ali, Leila Aboulela, Elif Shafak and Fadia Faqir. The thesis is structured thematically into three sections, each section containing two chapters, one about travel writing and another about contemporary texts. In the first section, in order to examine how the texts negotiate foreignness in daily life, I consider hospitality theory, which describes how social power relations are based on roles of host and guest. In the second section, I argue that melancholia is an emotional experience endemic to migrancy. The texts demonstrate how this emotion is manifest communally as well as individually, which also shows the political potential of emotion. In the third section, I investigate how emotional processes of migration are described spatially in the texts. The findings of this research show that emotional knowledge is a major concern for migrant writers as a way of engaging with and critiquing the social and political climates of each text. This is produced through narrations about feeling in general and specific emotions, such as irritation or anxiety. Emotional experience is illustrated in conjunction with identities that are both fluid and intersectional, where gender and class converge with ethnicity and religion. The texts also show specifically affective styles of writing that concentrate on focalising women's intimate experiences through, for example, diary entries, bildungsroman or psychological realism. While the differing contexts reflect the particularities of each experience, there are sufficient similarities of narrative content and style to suggest that affective experience is a major concern for this body of literature. Overall, this thesis demonstrates the productive uses of affect theory as a critical stance for analysing postcolonial literature.

Seja na literatura, em filmes ou séries de TV, as temáticas da utopia/distopia e do apocalipse se tornam cada vez mais recorrentes. Tendo por base o arranjo de um design social utópico/distópico e de um imaginário apocalíptico, esta dissertação tem por objetivo analisar o romance Oryx e Crake, publicado em 2003 pela escritora canadense Margaret Atwood, autora de uma obra extensa, que é considerada ao mesmo tempo acadêmica e popular. Oryx e Crake retrata um universo ficcional onde a humanidade foi quase totalmente aniquilada por uma epidemia que irrompeu simultaneamente em vários países. Nesse cenário pós-apocalíptico, o Homem das Neves, único sobrevivente provável, busca alimentos e suprimentos em uma área costeira, relembrando seu passado e dividindo residência com criaturas geneticamente modificadas. Considerando uma possível combinação de gêneros literários e efeitos narrativos, o objetivo desta investigação é explorar o romance, separando o passado e o presente da narrativa, cada um associado, respectivamente, aos conceitos de ustopia (termo cunhado por Atwood, para se referir à fusão entre utopia e distopia) e de apocalipse/Armageddon. Os conceitos são analisados com base em como se relacionam entre si e, em última instância, quanto ao que podem revelar sobre a nossa sociedade atual. Como aporte teórico-crítico, a investigação recorre a nomes como Erich Fromm (1990), Fredric Jameson (2005; 2009), Gregory Claeys (2010), Northrop Frye (1973), Paul Alkon (1987) e Peter Fitting (2010), bem como a uma série de estudiosos atwoodianos, especialmente Coral Ann Howells (2005; 2006). A voz de Margaret Atwood como teórica e crítica literária também permeia todo o texto, fornecendo informações valiosas para a análise de sua própria ficção. Pela sua riqueza tanto em termos de forma quanto de conteúdo, Oryx e Crake representa um desafio para os seus leitores e estudiosos. Ao final do trabalho, fica manifesto o quão assustadoramente próximo este mundo ficcional criado por Atwood está da nossa realidade, sendo a imagem de um universo que, em certo grau, já habitamos.
The themes of utopia/dystopia and apocalypse are becoming increasingly more frequent in literature, movies or TV series. Taking into account an arrangement of a utopian/dystopian social design and an apocalyptic imagination, this thesis aims at examining the novel Oryx and Crake, published in 2003 by the Canadian writer Margaret Atwood, author to an extensive body of works, considered at one time academic and popular. Oryx and Crake portrays a fictional universe where humankind has been almost entirely annihilated by an epidemic that broke out simultaneously in several countries. In this post-apocalyptic scenario, Snowman, the probable sole survivor, scavenges for food and supplies in a coastal area, recollecting his past and sharing residence with genetically modified creatures. Considering a possible combination of literary genres and moods, the focus of this investigation is the play of past and present in the novel, each one associated with the concepts of ustopia (a term coined by Atwood to refer to the fusion of utopia and dystopia) and apocalypse/Armageddon, respectively. The concepts are analyzed on the basis of how they relate to each other and, ultimately, as to what they reveal about our contemporary society. For theoretical support, the thesis draws on names like Erich Fromm (1990), Fredric Jameson (2005; 2009), Gregory Claeys (2010), Northrop Frye (1973), Paul Alkon (1987), Peter Fitting (2010), and on a number of Atwoodian scholars and critics, especially Coral Ann Howells (2005; 2006). The voice of Margaret Atwood as theoretical and literary critic also permeates the entire thesis, providing valuable insights for the analysis of her own fiction. For its wealth in terms of form and content, Oryx and Crake poses a significant challenge for readers and researchers. At the end of the work, it is evident that the fictional universe created by Atwood is frighteningly close to our reality, reflecting a world that, to a certain extent, we already inhabit.

The voices of black women have traditionally been excluded from rhetorical scholarship, both as a subject of study and as a methodological approach. Despite the little attention black feminist thought has received, black women have long been articulating the unique intersection of oppressions they face and have been developing critical epistemologies.This study analyzes the National Press Club address given by NOW President Eleanor Smeal utilizing a black feminist methodological approach. The study constructs a black feminist theory for the communication discipline and applies it to a discursive artifact from the women's liberation movement. The implications of the study include the introduction of a new methodological approach to the communication discipline that can expand the liberatory reach of its scholarship.

Between 1950 and 1960, Alfred Bester produced numerous works which utilised his contemporary Cold War atmosphere in order to examine and extrapolate the current cultural state. The purpose of this thesis is to offer a reading of Bester’s works which focuses exclusively on the portrayal of psychology and the exploration of identity crises in relation to the split self. Designed to demonstrate Bester’s unique approach to the self as inherently split between the social and the personal, this thesis understands the Cold War as a collective neurosis, and uses this model as a framework for its examination of psychology. As such, this thesis aims to demonstrate that Bester’s use of psychology expresses the universal nature of compulsions and literature’s importance in depicting genuine human characters. The impact of nuclear weapons and the Cold War state of anxiety, paranoia, and suspicion on the human psyche is widely recognised and examined through the lens of identity. However, Bester’s particular approach utilises this understanding of identity to depict the reciprocal nature of individual and political psychology. One of the key arguments presented here is that Bester’s portrayal of universal psychology is designed to mirror the Cold War state of tension and anxiety against individual psychological pressures. Conformity or isolation are extrapolated to exacerbate a loss of self that can only be regained through reconciliation between the public and private spheres. Thus, Bester’s approach is designed to argue that such reconciliation is required in order to break down barriers of the ‘other’ and dissuade collective delusions of normality. This thesis argues that Bester’s approach to psychology develops and foreshadows the growing awareness that individuals may not be in control of their own mind, and the importance of human understanding in extrapolating and predicting the future of society. By depicting the Cold War as collective neurosis, Bester’s works mirror social identity crises against individual crises in order to depict the impact of social influence and the place of the individual within society. Tracing the development of this approach, this thesis examines Bester’s works chronologically from 1950 through 1960. With the intention of establishing Bester’s commitment to his approach, this thesis has expanded beyond his fiction to include his non-fiction, such as letters, editorials, interviews, and essays, as well as crossing genre lines between his sf and mainstream writing. Not only is Bester’s understanding of psychology thereby revealed and charted, but an exploration of the ability of various modes of writing to examine psychology is undertaken, as is an overview of the general literary atmosphere in which Bester was working.

Els lligants bituminosos són els materials més versàtils, pràctics i manejables que s’utilitzen en la construcció de carreteres. Són materials cohesius, impermeabilitzants, flexibles i dúctils les propietats del quals canvien principalment per acció de la temperatura i la velocitat de les carregues aplicades. Aquestes propietats els converteixen en materials difícilment substituïbles. Les tècniques actuals de fabricació de mescles asfàltiques, conegudes comunament com a mescles asfàltiques en calent, utilitzen com a lligant betum asfàltic. Aquestes tècniques s’anomenen tècniques en calent perquè es treballen a temperatures molt altes, 180-200ºC per als àrids i 150-170ºC pel betum asfàltic. Aquestes altes temperatures comporten que el sector de la pavimentació estigui subjecte a nivells molt alts d’emissions de CO2. Cada cop més, els esforços dels tècnics i experts en la matèria estan enfocats en la reducció d’aquestes temperatures, i en conseqüència la disminució de Tn de CO2, contribuint així a que els mescles asfàltiques siguin tècniques més amigables amb el medi ambient. En aquest sentit apareixen les emulsions asfàltiques. El objectiu principal que persegueixen es la capacitat de poder moure un lligant hidrocarbonat molt pesat i viscós com és el betum a temperatura ambient. Les primeres emulsions asfàltiques neixen als anys 20 i s’utilitzen principalment com a regs asfàltics i mescles en fred. La necessitat de canviar la tècnica de pavimentació de carreteres fa que hi hagi una creixent investigació en les emulsions bituminoses. Per tal de poder ser utilitzades en mescles, les emulsions han de tenir un contingut de aigua molt baix, o el que es el mateix, una concentració de betum residual molt alt. En aquest punt apareixent les emulsions concentrades o les emulsions altament concentrades de betum en aigua. Aquest tipus de emulsions fa necessaris nous sistemes de fabricació, diferents als convencionals del molins col·loïdals, com el procés HIPR (High Internal Phase Ratio) proposat en aquesta tesis. No obstant les emulsions concentrades tenen un handicap important, són molt viscoses i per tant difícils de bombejar i emprar en obra. Una manera de disminuir aquesta viscositat es fabricant emulsions bimodals. El desenvolupament de aquesta tesis esta enfocada en la publicació de 4 articles científics relacionats amb el tema de la formulació d’emulsions concentrades de betum en aigua utilitzant el procés HIPR. Un primer article, dedicat al estat del art de la tècnica, un segon article enfocat en estudiar els paràmetres de control de formulació que influencien en la mida final de gota de la emulsió. Un tercer article on s’estudia la viscositat d’aquest tipus d’emulsions i s’incorpora la formulació d’emulsions bimodals i finalment, un quart article, on s’estudia la estabilitat a l’emmagatzematge.
Los ligantes bituminosos son los materiales más versátiles, prácticos y manejables que se utilizan en la construcción de carreteras. Son materiales cohesivos, impermeabilizantes, flexibles y dúctiles las propiedades de los cuales cambian principalmente por acción de la temperatura y la velocidad de las cargas aplicadas. Estas propiedades los convierten en materiales difícilmente sustituibles. Las técnicas actuales de fabricación de mezclas asfálticas, conocidas comúnmente como mezclas asfálticas en caliente, utilizan como ligante betún asfáltico. Estas técnicas se denominan técnicas en caliente porque se trabaja a temperaturas muy altas, 180-200ºC para los áridos y 150-170ºC para el betún asfáltico. Estas altas temperaturas conllevan que el sector de la pavimentación este sujeto a niveles muy altos de emisiones de CO2. Cada vez más, los esfuerzos de los técnicos y expertos en la materia están enfocados en reducir estas altas temperaturas y disminuir las Tn de CO2 emitidas, contribuyendo así a que las mezclas asfálticas sean técnicas más amigables con el medio ambiente. En este sentido aparecen las emulsiones asfálticas. El objetivo principal que persiguen es la capacidad de poder mover un ligante hidrocarbonado muy pesado y viscoso como es el betún a temperatura ambiente. Les primeras emulsiones datan de los años 20 y se utilizaban principalmente en riegos asfalticos y mezclas en frio. La necesidad de cambiar la técnica de pavimentación de carreteras hace que haiga una creciente investigación en las emulsiones bituminosas. Para poder ser utilizadas en mezclas, las emulsiones han de tener un contenido de agua muy bajo, o lo que es lo mismo, una concentración de betún residual muy alto. En este punto aparecen las emulsiones concentradas o altamente concentradas de betún en agua. Este tipo de emulsiones hacen necesarios nuevos sistemas de fabricación, diferentes a los convencionales molinos coloidales, como el proceso HIPR (High Internal Phase Ratio) propuesto en esta tesis. Sin embargo, las emulsiones concentradas tienen un hándicap importante, son muy viscosas y por lo tanto serán difíciles de bombear y utilizar en obra. Una manera sencilla de disminuir esta viscosidad es fabricando emulsiones bimodales. El desarrollo de esta tesis está enfocada en la publicación de 4 artículos científicos relacionados con el tema de la formulación de emulsiones concentradas de betún en agua utilizando el proceso HIPR. Un primer artículo, dedicado al estado del arte de la técnica, un segundo artículo enfocado en estudiar los parámetros de control de formulación que influyen en el tamaño final de gota de la emulsión. Un tercer artículo donde se estudia la viscosidad de este tipo de emulsiones y se incorpora la formulación de emulsiones bimodales y finalmente, un cuarto artículo, donde se estudia la estabilidad al almacenamiento.
Bituminous binders are the most versatile, practical and manageable materials used in road construction. They are sticky, waterproof, flexible, and ductile materials. Their properties change mainly by the action of temperature and speed of the applied loads. These properties make them difficult to replace by other materials. Current techniques for manufacturing asphalt mixtures, commonly known as hot mix asphalt, use bitumen as binder. These techniques are called hot techniques because they work at very high temperatures, 180-200 °C for the aggregates and 150-170 °C for the asphalt bitumen. These high temperatures lead to the paving sector be subject to very high levels of CO2 emissions. Increasingly, the efforts of technical people and skilled in the art are focused on reducing these high temperatures and lowing the tons of CO2 emitted, contributing to asphalt mixes techniques be more friendly to the environment. Therefore the asphalt emulsions appear. The main objective pursued is the ability to move a very heavy, viscous hydrocarbon, such as bitumen binder, at room temperature. First emulsions were produced the 20s and were mainly used in tack coats and cold mix asphalt. The need to change the paving techniques increases the research in bituminous emulsions. To be used in mixtures, emulsions must have very low water content, or what is the same, high concentration bitumen residual content. Here is where the concentrated and highly concentrated bitumen emulsions appear. Therefore, new manufacturing systems to produce such emulsions become necessary. Manufacturing systems different from conventional colloid mills, such as HIPR (High Internal Phase Ratio) method proposed in this thesis. However, concentrated emulsions have an important handicap, are very viscous and therefore will be difficult to pump and use on site. A simple way to decrease this viscosity is by manufacturing bimodal emulsions. The development of this thesis is focused on 4 scientific publications related to the formulation of concentrated bitumen in water emulsions using the HIPR method. A first article, dedicated to the state of the art of the technique, a second article focused on studying the formulation control parameters that influence the final drop size of the emulsion. A third article was the viscosity of this type of emulsions is studied and the formulation of bimodal emulsions is incorporated and finally, a fourth article, where the storage stability is studied.

El objetivo principal de la presente tesis ha sido la preparación y caracterización de emulsiones bituminosas concentradas y altamente concentradas de betún en agua controlando el tamaño de gota. Las investigaciones y estudios llevados a cabo se dividen en las siguientes etapas: -Caracterización de la naturaleza química y coloidal de diferentes betunes. - Estudio del comportamiento fásico de tensioactivos comerciales. -Preparación y caracterización de emulsiones concentradas y altamente concentradas de betún en agua. Las investigaciones desarrolladas han permitido alcanzar las siguientes conclusiones principales: -El betún es considerado un sistema coloidal en el que se encuentras dispersos nanocristales de parafina, agregados de asfaltenos y moléculas de resina. Los nanocristales de parafina se encuentran en betunes de naturaleza parafínica y poseen tamaños alrededor de 50 nm. Estos nanocristales son de menor tamaño cuando el betún ha sido enfríado rápidamente y desaparecen a los 70ºC, temperatura de fusión de la parafina. Los agregados de asfaltenos poseen un tamaño entre 2 y 3.3 nm. Su tamaño no se ve afectado por la velocidad de enfriamiento ni por la temperatura, en el rango estudiado. -Los betunes poseen tensioactivos endógenos que difunden al agua disminuyendo la tensión superficial hasta 60 mN/m. Este valor es demasiado alto para demostrar que se trata de moléculas tensioactivas. La difusión de las moléculas amfifílicas presentes en el betún cumple el modelo de Ward y Tordai de difusión. Ajustando este modelo, se ha calculado un exceso superficial de aproximadamente 4•10-6 mol/dm2 de especies amfifílicas del betún adsorbidas en la superficie del agua. -Se determinó la tensión superficial de betún a temperaturas bajas, donde la viscosidad es muy elevada. Se determinó la tensión superficial de los siguientes betunes: 150/180 A Nafténico, 150/180 B Parafínico, 80/100 y 60/70, y se observó que la tensión superficial es prácticamente la misma en todos ellos (37 mN/m) a 25ºC. Se observó que la contribución más importante en la tensión superficial es la componente dispersiva, confirmando que el betún es un material mayoritariamente apolar. -Mediante la determinación del potencial zeta se determinó que el betún Nafténico posee una carga superficial aproximadamente de 0.29 C/m2. Ésta carga superficial es debida a la presencia de tensiaoctivos endógenos. -Se estudió el comportamiento fásico de los tensioactivos comerciales Redicote E-4875, Redicote EM-48, Redicote EM-44, Redicote E-11 HF, Ampholak 7TX, Asfier 218, Telcodinac Teide S, Telcodinac PR y Polyram L-80 y Polyram L-90. -El tamaño de gota de las emulsiones preparadas con tensioactivos comerciales disminuye al aumentar la concentración de tensioactivo. -Se obtuvieron emulsiones con tamaños de gota menores con el betún 80/100, de menor dureza que con el betún 60/70. La emulsificación es más eficiente con betunes de menor dureza dado que proporcionan una viscosidad menor a la misma temperatura. -Al aumentar la fracción de volumen de fase dispersa, el tamaño de gota disminuye. Podría ser debido a que el esfuerzo de cizalla es proporcional a la viscosidad, por lo tanto, al aumentar la viscosidad de la emulsión, manteniendo la velocidad de cizalla constante, el esfuerzo aumenta. Ello puede permitir la formación de gotas más pequeñas. -Se prepararon emulsiones al 60, 70 y 80% de betún 150/180 A cuya fase acuosa contenía quitosano como espesante. El tamaño de gota disminuye con la presencia de quitosano en el medio acuoso. Esta disminución es más acusada en emulsiones del 60% que en emulsiones del 70% y poco apreciable en emulsiones del 80%. Esta tendencia también se observó con emulsiones preparadas con poliacrilamida, el tamaño de gota disminuye con la presencia de polímero en la fase continua, aunque a concentraciones más altas de polímero se alcanza un valor de tamaño de gota prácticamente constante.
Bitumen formulations have very important applications in road pavement, since bitumen allows strong surface adhesion, high internal cohesion and low water permeability. In road constructions, the conventional pavement process consists in mixing the bitumen with gravel and fillers at high temperature, generally around 120ºC-150ºC, and the hot slurry on the road. This process has economical and environmentally disadvantages, because of high energy consumption and release of toxic vapours. An alternative process for road construction makes use of highly concentrated bitumen-in-water emulsions, allowing road pavimentation at room temperature. However, this process requires a long time before road re-opening to traffic, since water evaporation is slow. This problem can be overcome by using highly concentrated bitumen-in-water emulsions, which contain less water. In this context, a technological challenge is to obtain highly concentrated bitumen emulsions with small droplet size, which are stable and form uniform bitumen layers on gravel particles. The extremely high viscosity of bitumen (≈108 cp at 25ºC) makes difficult to obtain highly concentrated emulsions with small droplets sizes. The rheological behaviour of bitumen emulsions is influenced mainly by bitumen concentration and droplet size distribution. Highly concentrated bitumen-in-water emulsions with small droplet size (< 2 μm) have been prepared by increasing the viscosity of the emulsion continuous phase, in order to have a viscosity similar to that of the dispersed phase. For this purpose, chitosan was selected as a cationic thickener, since its ability to increase water viscosity at low concentrations, and its cationic nature compatible to commonly used cationic surfactants. These results demonstrated that the droplet size could be decreased by increasing the viscosity of the continuous phase, obtaining very small droplet sizes in highly concentrated emulsions of highly viscous oils. Moreover, the droplet size could be controlled in a rather wide range.

The wind band provides an outlet for composers to use their platform to reach performers, enlighten audiences, and heal communities. This document is an analysis of three composers' approach to incorporate social consciousness in their wind band music. Adam Schoenberg, Omar Thomas, and Frank Ticheli work with specific social justice issues to respond to specific events, allowing them to reach and empower performers and audiences, to heal, thrive and build past these events. The chapters contain each composer's biographical information, then provide detailed information of the three works; background and cursory information, the composer's use and understanding of the social justice issue and an extensive analysis of each work. The composers use compositional design techniques to convey their intent to share a specific message. This document provides insight through each composer's techniques and thought processes, providing a better understanding of the works. The knowledge gained will help conductors and performers understand social consciousness in wind band music.

The design of cultural centre is situated in part Kozia Hôrka( well-known city swimming pool), in its advantage takes natural scenery and calm atmosphere of place. Into action of performance brings a message in form of body of reservoir, function of centre is divided into small parts placed in area Kozia Hôrka. Orientation of objects comes mainly from local natural ispirations. Complex is multifunctional in concept, counts with several sorts of culture - sports events. Whereby the main function of swimming pool is preserved and added for higher comfort of inhabitants. Architecture of objects comes from idea of floating leaf on water level and body of reservoir. Objects stylizely illustrate this idea. The design takes the game of solids of organic and strictly ortogonal shapes. Two mutual opposites, in interaction. Objects smoothy and with respect encroach the environment, which is enough marked by human. Simplicity in used materials ( glass, steel, wood ) give transparency and purity to whole solution.

In this thesis I evaluate the role of Inuit governance in Nunavut's political space. To do this, I critically examine the practice of political consultation, as it is a site where government and Inuit communities interact. This thesis begins with an overview of the government structure in Nunavut and its consultation process. It then shifts focus to discuss the principles and practices supported within Inuit governance. A political and conceptual gap will be revealed. In response to this gap, I introduce and explore the Kitchen Consultation Model, a community based consultation model inspired by the principles and practices of Inuit governance. This model provides Inuit communities with a political framework to support dialogue and interaction within the community, supporting Inuit communities in designing solutions to address their challenges. This thesis ends with a discussion on the role of Inuit governance within the broader Indigenous context

The ever increasing utilization of cross-functional teams (CFTs) to address a broad range of complex work challenges has made it imperative that factors supporting their effectiveness be better understand. While these teams have great potential for bringing together different sets of skills to address the needs of organizations their outcomes have been mixed at best with some teams exceeding expectations and many falling far short of initial hopes. The present study seeks to understand the ways in which leader behaviors related to the framing of diversity, team and purpose early in the life of a CFT have an impact on initial team member perceptions. The findings revealed no significant effects for Diversity Framing or Team Emphasis Framing on team member perceptions. Framing by the leader with regard to Purpose Clarity, however, was shown to impact significantly a number of key dependent measures with Clear Purpose leading to higher ratings of Readiness to Engage, Readiness to Learn, and Readiness to Take Risks. In addition, Clear Purpose produced a marginally significant increase in ratings of the measure, Feelings of Valuing of Uniqueness. Lastly, the results showed a significant interaction effect on the measure, Team Potency, with higher ratings occurring in the condition when Purpose was unclear, Diversity Ignored, but when the concept of Team was emphasized by the Leader. The implications of the results for theory and future research are discussed, as are implications for leadership development and the training of team coaches and consultants.