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1
Bricout, Augustin. "Instrumentation embarquée avec correction déterministe et exploitation par IA de capteurs électroniques : application à la surveillance de ruches". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Toulouse (2023-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024TLSEI019.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
L'objectif de cette thèse est de développer des solutions de smart sensing à bas coût, permettant d'améliorer des capteurs peu onéreux grâce à des corrections logicielles. Plutôt que de concevoir des capteurs performants mais coûteux, cette approche vise à créer des capteurs low cost qui sont ensuite corrigés et optimisés via des algorithmes embarqués. Les architectures électroniques récentes offrent désormais une puissance de calcul suffisante pour effectuer ces corrections directement au plus proche de la mesure, edge computing, tout en conservant une consommation énergétique extrêmement faible rendant les systèmes sur batterie viables.Deux approches de correction logicielle sont explorées : une méthode basée sur un algorithme déterministe, et une seconde méthode s'appuyant sur l'intelligence artificielle. Après avoir conçu une architecture de collecte de données adaptée aux ruches d'abeilles, ces deux approches sont mises en œuvre. La première approche, déterministe, est utilisée pour corriger les données provenant des jauges de contrainte dans le cadre d'une balance à ruches. La seconde méthode est appliquée à des capteurs audio MEMS, afin d'extraire des métriques de santé des colonies d'abeilles grâce à des techniques de machine learningThe objective of this thesis is to develop low-cost smart sensing solutions, enhancing inexpensive sensors through software-based corrections. Rather than designing high-performance but expensive sensors, this approach aims to create low-cost sensors that are then corrected and optimized via embedded algorithms. Recent electronic architectures now offer sufficient computational power to perform these corrections directly at the measurement source, known as edge computing, while maintaining extremely low energy consumption, making battery-powered systems viable.Two software correction approaches are explored: a method based on a deterministic algorithm, and a second method relying on artificial intelligence. After designing a data collection architecture suited for beehives, both approaches are implemented. The first, deterministic approach is used to correct data from strain gauges in the context of a hive scale. The second method is applied to MEMS audio sensors, to extract bee colony health metrics using machine learning techniques
2
Trevathan, Jeremy. "Sound transmission through walls: A coupled BEM/FEM approach". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Mechanical Engineering, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/5922.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis examines sound transmission through framed and unframed single and double panel systems. The most common example of such a system is a plasterboard double wall. Numerical modelling techniques were used to accurately simulate the motion of the system in response to airborne stimulus.
The model was first applied to the simple case of a panel, freely suspended in an anechoic environment. The modelled results were compared to a series of very detailed experimental results, in which many relevant system parameters had been measured. A very good level of agreement was found between the modelled and experimental results for all the system parameters.
The model was then applied to the case of a traditional sound transmission loss test for a single panel. The diffuse incident sound field was approximated using a collection of plane wave sources, and the transmitted intensity was calculated directly. The model was seen to give sound transmission loss results which compared very well with experiment. Such a model proved very useful in studying aspects of sound transmission loss which past workers have found difficult to investigate using other approaches.
The level of sound transmitted through the panel was seen to be largely invariant with angle of incidence, illustrating that the 'mass law' is not valid for finite panels. The non-resonant transmission of a finite panel was also predicted accurately by modelling a panel which could vibrate in the fundamental structural mode only. The model was used to conduct several parametric studies, which illustrated the effect of changes in mass, stiffness and size on the sound transmission loss of a single panel.
The model was also applied to framed double panel systems. Several major simplifications were required to enable an expedient solution to be obtained for these systems, nevertheless the predicted results compared well with their experimental counterparts. Parametric studies showed that there were significant advantages in having cladding of unequal mass on each side of a double wall, due to an associated reduction in resonant transmission. It was also found that smaller walls had higher levels of sound insulation, but this effect was not the same as that associated with decreasing the stud spacing in a wall of constant size.
3
GEORGE, JOHN K. "ANALYTICAL, NUMERICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL CALCULATION OF SOUND TRANSMISSION LOSS CHARACTERISTICS OF SINGLE WALLED MUFFLER SHELLS". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1181226367.
Testo completo
4
Lyvers, Christina M. "EVALUATION OF HANDLING EQUIPMENT SOUND PRESSURE LEVELS AS STRESSORS IN BEEF CATTLE". UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/bae_etds/13.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Sound pressure level (SPL) is known to cause stress in cattle but is often overlooked as a potential source of fear for cattle when designing handling equipment. Current literature does not offer guidelines for the design of equipment with regard to SPL. It is, however, recommended that handling equipment should be designed to minimize the SPL during handling. The purpose of this experiment was to measure stress levels in a group of cattle which were subjected to a series of varying sounds in order to determine a design threshold limit for handling equipment. Treatments included two frequencies, 1 kHz and 8 kHz, and three intensities, 40, 80, and 120dB. These treatments were assigned to the cattle using a completely randomized two by three factorial design replicated three times for a total of 18 animals being tested. A computer generated noise at each level was played back to the animals once a week for 6 weeks. Stress levels were measured using both physiological (heart rate and eye temperature) and physical (sudden movement) measures. Experiments yielded mixed results and did not prove that any of the sound pressure levels tested had any great effect on the stress level of the cattle.
5
Wilsdorf, Michael, Gabi Fischer e Astrid Ziemann. "Einfluss der vertikalen Auflösung der Eingangsprofile bei einem Schallstrahlenmodell". Universität Leipzig, 2009. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A16343.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In der folgenden Ausarbeitung soll der Einfluss der vertikalen Auflösung der Eingangsprofile auf die Schallausbreitungsrechnungen eines Schallstrahlenmodells näher untersucht werden. Der Grund hierfür liegt in dem Auftreten eines „Schichtenproblems“ bei der Arbeit mit einem solchen Modell. Das bedeutet, dass je größer die vertikale Auflösung der Eingangsprofile ist, desto mehr weicht die mit dem Computermodell bestimmte Lösung von der analytischen ab. Im folgenden Beitrag werden verschiedene vertikale Auflösungen untersucht und es wird gezeigt, dass eine höhere Auflösung dieses Problem lösen kann. Die Berechnungen erfolgen mit dem Schallstrahlenmodell SMART. Dieses Modell basiert auf der Berechnung des Weges, den der Schall in einer geschichteten Atmosphäre zurücklegt. Die Berechnungsgrundlage für das Strahlenmodell bilden dabei aus Radiosondendaten interpolierte, sowie klimatologisch klassifizierte Temperatur- und Windprofile. Diese Untersuchungen stellen eine notwendige Grundlage bei der Analyse und Interpretation der durch ein Strahlenmodell gewonnenen Dämpfungsberechnungen dar.In the following article, effects of the vertical resolution of input data on numerical sound attenuation simulations are investigated. The reason for this lies in the occurrence of a „layer problem“ during work with such a model. That means, even larger the vertical resolution of the input profiles is, so much more the calculated answer deviates from the analytic. Therefore, different vertical resolutions are examined. The analyzed results show that a higher resolution can solve this problem. Calculations are carried out using the sound ray model SMART which considers the dependency of sound ray propagation on stratified atmosphere. As a basis for calculating the sound ray paths interpolated and climatologically classified profiles of temperature and wind obtained from radiosonde data are utilized. These investigations provide a basis for the analysis and interpretation of attenuation calculations derived from a sound ray model.
6
Root, Pierce Denise Lyn. "Applying the Study of Bel Canto Vocal Technique to Artistic Horn Playing: Perfect Legato, Beautiful Sound, Agility, and Musical Expression". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/272836.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Horn players can improve their abilities to play artistically in a lyrical legato style, with a light mechanism, and employ a beautiful sound throughout the range of the horn through the study of bel canto vocal technique. No better singing model exists for horn players than that of the great bel canto singers of the early nineteenth century who were known for their refined technique, perfect legato, even tone, sparkling agility, and beautiful musical expression. Mastery of the expressive bel canto melodic style is a means for horn players to achieve artistry in performance. Pedagogical principles of nineteenth- and twentieth-century bel canto teachers, vocal exercises related to development of bel canto technique, and recorded performances of singers who have specialized in bel canto repertoire are examined. This study culminates in performer's guides to repertoire chosen from the few existing early nineteenth-century solo horn with piano pieces (by Balfe, Mercadante, and Rossini), with bel canto-informed horn technique explained.
7
Struhařová, Michaela. "Zvuková postprodukce v oblasti reklamy a filmu, případová studie firmy Studio Beep s.r.o". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-199246.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Main topic of this thesis is description of sound post production in advertising and in the film film industry and making case study of company Studio Beep s.r.o. First aim of this thesis is describe as clearly as possible the theory of sound and sound post production in advertising and in film industry and also show specifics accompanying production of sound in each discipline. The theoretical part contains basic overview about history of sound, sound dramaturgy and about general principles of sound post production. Second aim is practical description of this issue on specific advertising and film projects, which were realized in Studio Beep s.r.o. Practical description helps us with understanding whole issue and with complementing the theoretical part.
8
von, Malmborg Solvej, e Tony Martinsson. "Whee da-dum bee-dum : Melodisk kontur hos ljudlogotyper och dess påverkan på varumärkesuppfattning". Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-18605.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
En ljudlogotyp är en ljudkomposition som används för att särskilja ett varumärke. Ljudlogotypen ingår i varumärkens strategiska arbete för att skapa sig en bild i konsumenters medvetande. Denna bild kallas varumärkesuppfattning. Syftet med denna studie var att utöka kunskapen om hur musik kan användas i kommunikativt syfte i allmänhet och om hur melodin påverkar uppfattningen av varumärken i synnerhet. En webbenkät genomfördes för att studera om olika typer av melodisk kontur hos en ljudlogotyp kan ge olika effekter på hur ett fiktivt varumärke uppfattas ifråga om varumärkespersonlighet. Deltagare rekryterades via sociala medier. Till undersökningen utformades åtta videoklipp innehållande en ljudlogotyp och en grafisk logotyp. Videoklippen var identiska förutom att den melodiska konturen skilde dem åt. Deltagarna skattade i vilken grad de uppfattade fem olika personlighetsdrag hos den ljudlogotyp de fick höra. Resultaten analyserades statistiskt. Genom undersökningen genererades inget stöd för att typ av melodisk kontur skulle ha någon påverkan på uppfattningen av de fem personlighetsdragen. Lämpliga metoder för undersökningar om ljudlogotyper och varumärkesuppfattning diskuteras. För framtida studier inom området föreslås kvalitativa studier samt studier som undersöker andra musikaliska parametrar. Vidare efterfrågas mer forskning om melodisk kontur.An audio logo, also called sonic logo or sound logo, is a sound composition utilized to differentiate a brand. A sonic logo is part of a brand’s strategy to create an image in the awareness of consumers. This image is called brand perception. The objective of this study was to expand general knowledge about music’s applicability for communicative purposes and moreover to specifically look at how melody affects brand perception. A web survey was conducted to investigate if different types of melodic contour in an audio logo can have different effects on the perception of brand identity for a fictional brand. Participants were recruited using social media. Eight videos consisting of an audio logo and a graphic logo were designed. The videos were identical apart from their melodic contours. Participants rated the degree to which they perceived five different personality traits for the audio logo they heard. The results were analyzed statistically. Through the survey, no support was generated for an impact from the type of melodic contour on the perception of the five personality traits. Appropriate methods for investigating audio logos and brand perception are discussed. For future research within the field qualitative design is suggested, as well asinvestigations into other musical parameters. Furthermore, additional research into melodic contour is proposed.
9
Schlittmeier, Sabine. "Arbeitsgedächtnis und Hintergrundschall : gibt es einen "irrelevant sound effect" bei auditiv präsentierten Items? /". Berlin : Logos-Verl, 2005. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=013201496&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
Testo completo
10
Define, Lynn Dorsey. "Popular Culture, Thomas Beer, and the Making of "The Sound and the Fury"". W&M ScholarWorks, 1994. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625894.
Testo completo
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Trbovich, Victoria R. "The Effects of Sous Vide Cooking on Tenderness and Protein Concentration in Young Fed Beef and Cow Semitendinosus Muscles". The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1511910815944282.
Testo completo
12
Wielgus, Alison Lynn. "You had to have been there : experimental film and video, sound, and liveness in the New York underground". Diss., University of Iowa, 2014. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/4794.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
You Had to Have Been There challenges the role of fetishistic materiality throughout Film Studies using the history of New York underground film and video production from 1965 to 1985. It focuses on four situations of underground film and video production and exhibition: the relationship between Andy Warhol and the Velvet Underground's Exploding Plastic Inevitable and the Film-makers' Cinematheque, the screening of Michael Snow's Rameau's Nephew by Diderot (Thanx to Dennis Young) by Wilma Schoen at Anthology Film Archives, the production of work by Ed Emshwiller, Nam June Paik, Steina and Woody Vasulka, Bill Viola, and other artists at WNET's Television Laboratory, and the exhibition of No Wave Cinema by Beth and Scott B, Lizzie Borden, Vivienne Dick, John Lurie, James Nares, and others at Max's Kansas City, the Mudd Club, and the New Cinema.
This project uses the above exhibition sites to argue for the importance of liveness and presence in recording media, considering the affect of liveness not only on our definitions of cinema, but also on the relationship between cinema and historiography. While a canon of experimental film has emerged within Film Studies, determined by the alignment of experimental filmmakers and the academy, this dissertation carves out an alternate corpus of works screened in non-traditional environments. It finds an affinity between such spaces and the project of post-classical apparatus theory, both of which challenge the regimented space of traditional film spectatorship.
The films and videos of this project are connected by two crucial elements: their location in New York City and their attention to sound. The personnel involved in the creation and reception of these films and videos constitute a network forum, or a group of artists who use the spaces of reception and production to reconfigure assumptions about film and video. Some of these spaces share direct links and touchstones, while others are tied together by shared concerns. One shared concern is a critical approach to the relationship between sound and image within cinema. Michael Snow and the filmmakers of the No Wave use pre-existing ideologies of sound to challenge cinematic presence and absorptive spectatorship while embracing the limits of subcultural spectatorship. The Exploding Plastic Inevitable and the Television Laboratory embrace sound's power as present, reorienting our perspective on the relationship between technology and the body. Taken together, these exhibition sites argue for the importance of sound and liveness in understanding experimental film history. They also suggest alternative modes of spectatorship that might hold productive power in our current media environment of hyper-reproduction and communicative capitalism.
13
Moura, Giselle Borges de. "Vocalização de suínos em grupo sob diferentes condições térmicas". Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11131/tde-26042013-094034/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Quantificar e qualificar o bem-estar de animais de produção, ainda é um desafio. Em qualquer avaliação de bem-estar, deve-se analisar, principalmente, a ausência de sentimentos negativos fortes, como o sofrimento, e a presença de sentimentos positivos, como o prazer. O objetivo principal dessa pesquisa foi quantificar a vocalização de suínos em grupos sob diferentes condições térmicas. Em termos de objetivos específicos foram avaliar a existência de padrões vocálicos de comunicação entre animais alojados em grupo e extrair as características acústicas dos espectros sonoros das vocalizações relacionando com as diferentes condições do micro-clima da instalação. O experimento foi realizado em uma unidade de experimentação com suínos, junto à University of Illinois (EUA), com ambiente controlado. Quatro grupos de seis leitões foram utilizados para a coleta dos dados. Foram instalados dataloggers para registrar as variáveis ambientais (T, °C e UR, %) e posterior cálculo dos índices de conforto (ITU e Entalpia do ar). Foram instalados microfones do tipo cardióide no centro geométrico de cada baia que abrigava os leitões, para registro das vocalizações. Os microfones foram conectados a um amplificador de sinais, e este a uma placa de captura dos sinais de áudio e vídeo, instalados em um computador. Para as edições dos arquivos de áudio contendo as vocalizações dos leitões, o programa Goldwave® foi utilizado na separação, e aplicação de filtros para a retirada de ruídos. Na sequência, os áudios foram analisados com auxílio do programa Sounds Analysis Pro 2011, onde foram extraídos as características acústicas. A amplitude (dB), frequência fundamental (Hz), frequência média (Hz), frequência de pico (Hz) e entropia foram utilizados para caracterização do espectro sonoro das vocalizações do grupo de leitões nas diferentes condições térmicas. O delineamento do experimento foi em blocos casualizados, com dois tratamentos, e três repetições na semana, sendo executado em duas semanas. Os dados foram amostrados para uma análise do comportamento do banco de dados de vocalização em relação aos tratamentos que foram aplicados. Os dados foram submetidos a uma análise de variância utilizando o proc GLM do SAS. Dentre os parâmetros acústicos analisados, a amplitude (dB), frequência fundamental e entropia. Os tratamentos, condição de conforto e condição de calor, apresentaram diferenças significativas, pelo teste de Tukey (p<0,05). A análise de variância mostrou diferenças no formato da onda para cada condição térmica nos diferentes períodos do dia. É possível quantificar a vocalização em grupos de suínos em diferentes condições térmicas, por intermédio da extração das características acústicas das amostras sonoras. O espectro sonoro foi extraído, indicando possíveis variações do comportamento dos leitões nas diferentes condições térmicas dentro dos períodos do dia. No entanto, a etapa de reconhecimento de padrão, ainda necessita de um banco de dados maior e mais consistente para o reconhecimento do espectro em cada condição térmica, seja por análise das imagens ou pela extração das características acústicas. Dentre as características acústicas analisadas, a amplitude (dB), frequência fundamental (Hz) e entropia das vocalizações em grupo de suínos foram significativas para expressar a condição dos animais quando em diferentes condições térmicas.To quantify and to qualify animal well-being in livestock farms is still a challenge. To assess animal well-being, it must be analyzed, mainly, the absence of strong negative feelings, like pain, and the presence of positive feelings, like pleasure. The main objective was to quantify vocalization in a group of pigs under different thermal conditions. The specific objectives were to assess the existence of vocal pattern of communication between housing groups of pigs, and get the acoustic characteristics of the sound spectrum from the vocalizations related to the different microclimate conditions. The trial was carried out in a controlled environment experimental unit for pigs, at the University of Illinois (USA). Four groups of six pigs were used in the data collection. Dataloggers were installed to record environmental variables (T, °C and RH, %). These environmental variable were used to calculate two thermal comfort index: Enthalpy and THI. Cardioid microphones were installed to record continuous vocalizations in the geometric center of each pen where the pigs were housing. Microphones were connected to an amplifier, and this was connected to a dvr card installed in a computer to record audio and video information. For doing the sound edition in a pig vocalization database, the Goldwave® software was used to separate, and filter the files excluding background noise. In the sequence, the sounds were analyzed using the software Sounds Analysis Pro 2011, and the acoustic characteristics were extracted. Amplitude (dB), pitch (Hz), mean frequency (Hz), peak frequency (Hz) and entropy were used to characterize the sound spectrum of vocalizations of the groups of piglets in the different thermal conditions. A randomized block design was used, composed by two treatments and three repetitions in a week and executed in two weeks. Data were sampled to analyze the behavior of the databank of vocalization as a relation to the applied treatments. Data were submitted to an analysis of variance using the proc GLM of SAS. Among the studied acoustic parameters, the amplitude (dB), pitch and entropy. The treatments (comfort and heat stress conditions) presented significative differences, through Tukey\'s test (p<0,05). The analysis of variance showed differences to the wave format to each thermal condition in the different periods of the day. The quantification of vocalization of swine in groups under different thermal conditions is possible, using the extraction of acoustic characteristics from the sound samples. The sound spectrum was extracted, which indicated possible alterations in the piglets behavior in the different thermal conditions during the periods of the day. However, the stage of pattern\'s recognition still needs a larger and more consistent database to the recognition of the spectrum in each thermal condition, through image analysis or by the extraction of the acoustic characteristics. Among he analyzed acoustic characteristics, the amplitude (dB), pitch (Hz) and entropy of the vocalizations of groups of swine were significative to express the condition of the animals in different thermal conditions.
14
Bacchi, Vito. "Etude expérimentale de la dynamique sédimentaire d'un système à forte pente soumis à des conditions hydrauliques faibles". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00625381.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Cette thèse, à dominante expérimentale, tente de décrire, de comprendre et de quantifier le transport sédimentaire pour un système torrentiel caractérisé par une forte pente et des conditions hydrauliques faibles. Une plateforme expérimentale a été mise en place et instrumentée. Elle permet de contrôler quatre paramètres du système : la pente du canal, le débit hydraulique, le débit solide et la granulométrie. La durée des expériences est suffisamment longue pour couvrir l'ensemble des fluctuations gouvernant le transport. L'étude de l'évolution d'un même mélange granulaire soumis à un forçage hydraulique fort, (Shield = 1.37 Shield critique) ou à un forçage hydraulique faible (Shield = 0.94 Shield critique) a permis de mettre en évidence, au sein des structures sédimentaires observées, deux classes de comportement différentes. Pour l'expérience à Faible Transport, le lit est globalement pavé au cours de la durée de l'expérience qui est de 110 heures. Des structures de type step-pools sont présentes et très stables, et contrôlent la dynamique de transport du système à court terme et à long terme. A court terme, le transport solide n'est pas uniforme mais s'effectue à travers des processus transitoires d'érosion et de dépôt " de proche en proche ", associés respectivement à la destruction et à la formation de step-pools dans le système. A long terme, les step-pools conduisent à un pavage uniforme sur l'ensemble du canal. Des destructions périodiques de ce pavage de surface sont également observées et sont associées à une capacité de transport pour le système pouvant atteindre jusqu'à 15 fois le débit solide moyen. Pour l'expérience à Fort Transport, d'une durée de 92 heures, la morphologie du lit fluctue entre deux états extrêmes. Un lit plat dont la surface est formée de particules fines, à forte capacité de transport et un lit pavé à forte pente et à faible capacité de transport. Les step-pools ne sont, ici, que des états éphémères associés à la phase de transition du système qui sont rapidement détruits par les nappes de charriage. Ces dernières sont le mode principal de transport pour le système et expliquent les évolutions cycliques mesurées à court et à long terme. Enfin, nous avons étudié les conséquences des phénomènes décrits ci-dessus en conditions hors équilibre à forte pente. Nous avons pour cela réalisé deux expériences : une première expérience où nous étudions le cas d'un système en phase d'aggradation et une seconde où nous prenons le cas d'un système contrôlé par deux seuils de correction torrentielle. La première a nécessité une longue période afin que le système atteigne une condition d'équilibre dynamique : plus que 210 heures. L'équilibre local du système est atteint progressivement de l'amont vers l'aval, les parties les plus proches de l'alimentation atteignant en premiers l'état d'équilibre. De plus, pendant l'aggradation les fluctuations du système autour de la moyenne sont inférieures à celles mesurées pour un système à l'équilibre. La seconde expérience a montré que l'aménagement d'un système torrentiel avec des seuils peut avoir un impact non négligeable sur la quantité maximum de matériau transporté au cours d'un seul événement. Néanmoins, l'intensité maximale instantanée du transport et le comportement global du système à long terme ne sont en rien affectés par la présence de seuils.
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Mažuolis, Jurgis. "Vėjo jėgainių keliamo triukšmo bei apsaugos priemonių tyrimas ir vertinimas". Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140211_122038-13515.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Disertacijoje nagrinėjama triukšmo sklaidos nuo vėjo jėgainių problema. Pagrindiniai tyrimo objektai yra vėjo jėgainių parkų skleidžiamas triukšmas ir aplinkai nekenksmingos, cilindrinę struktūrą turinčios, žemo dažnio triukšmą slopinančios medžiagos.
Darbe sprendžiami keli pagrindiniai uždaviniai: nustatomas ir įvertinamas žemo dažnio triukšmo ir infragarso susidarymas ir sklaida pramoninių vėjo jėgainių parkuose ir jų išorėje, taip pat nustatomos efektyvios gyvenviečių apsaugos priemonės nuo vėjo jėgainių keliamo žemo dažnio triukšmo.
Disertaciją sudaro įvadas, trys skyriai, bendrosios išvados, rekomendacijos, naudotos literatūros ir autoriaus publikacijų disertacijos tema sąrašai.
Įvadiniame skyriuje aptariama tiriamoji problema, darbo aktualumas, aprašomas tyrimų objektas, formuluojamas darbo tikslas bei uždaviniai, aprašoma tyrimų metodika, darbo mokslinis naujumas, darbo rezultatų praktinė reikšmė, ginamieji teiginiai. Įvado pabaigoje pristatomos disertacijos tema autoriaus paskelbtos publikacijos ir pranešimai konferencijose bei disertacijos struktūra.
Pirmasis skyrius skirtas literatūros analizei. Jame pateikta vėjo jėgainių ir jų keliamo triukšmo apžvalga. Apžvelgtos vėjo energetikos būklė Lietuvoje, vėjo jėgainių konstrukcijos, vėjo jėgainių triukšmo formavimosi principas, triukšmo matavimo metodikos. Analizuojamos skleidžiamo aerodinaminio triukšmo mažinimo priemonės bei žemo dažnio triukšmo slopinimo būdai ir izoliuojančių medžiagų panaudojimas. Skyriaus... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]The dissertation examines the issue of noise emission from the wind farms. The objects of investigation are wind farm noise and environmentally friendly low-frequency noise-deadening materials with cylindrical structure. The paper addresses a number of key objectives: to determine and assess low frequency noise and infrasound emission and dispersion both inside and outside the industrial wind farms, as well as to establish effective measures for protection of settlements against low-frequency noise generated by wind turbines. The dissertation consists of an introduction, three chapters, conclusions, recommendations, list of references and the author's publications on the topics. The introductory chapter discusses the research problem, the relevance of the investigation, describes the object of the research, states the aims and objectives, presents the research methodology, scientific novelty, practical significance of the results, and the statements for defending. It also highlights practical significance of the dissertation presents the author's publications and presentations at conferences, and explains the structure of the thesis. The first chapter is devoted to literature review. It provides an overview of general problems related to wind and noise produced by wind turbines, an overview of the outlook on wind energy in Lithuania, and a discussion of wind turbine constructions. The chapter presents the analysis of aerodynamic noise emitted by means of low-frequency noise... [to full text]
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Hofmann, Frank. "Untersuchungen zur Verbesserung der Resultatqualität bei Suchverfahren über Web-Archive". Thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2003. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:ch1-200300132.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Eine Übersicht über die Verfahren der Erweiterten Suche (TF,IDF, Stemming, Indexing, Klang von Wörtern) sowie Textkorrektur, dazu deskriptorenbasierte Beschreibung von Dokumenten und Abstracts. Es erfolgt eine Evaluierung dieser Verfahren anhand von ausgewählten XML-Metadaten aus dem MONARCH. Den Abschluß bildet eine Analyse zum Ist-Zustand des MONARCH, bezogen auf Qualität der verwendeten Metadaten und deren Nutzbarkeit für die Erweiterte Suche.
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Prölß, Andrea [Verfasser], Thomas [Akademischer Betreuer] Lachmann e Maria [Akademischer Betreuer] Klatte. "Wirkungen akustischer Umweltbedingungen auf Arbeitsgedächtnisleistungen bei Kindern und Erwachsenen: Experimentelle Untersuchungen zum "Irrelevant Sound Effect" / Andrea Prölß. Betreuer: Thomas Lachmann ; Maria Klatte". Kaiserslautern : Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1053653492/34.
Testo completo
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Alarid, Renee Aurelia. "Propolis: Immersive Environment". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/102378.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Propolis – Creating and using an immersive 2D honey bee environment to educate children between the ages of 3-10, about the importance of honey bees. This capstone project will showcase this researcher's skills in graphic design, spatial sound, architecture, exhibition design, and character illustration. Within this structure, individuals will be able to observe, determine, and make comparisons between a healthy bee colony and one that is fragile and dying.Master of Fine Arts
"Honey bees have been on the decline. As of 2016, eight species of bees made it on the United States (U.S.) endangered species list. It reported that the decline of pollinators is due to industrial agriculture, parasites, pathogens, and climate change" (Contributors 2020). The loss of habitat and lack of nectar is due to monocultures and bee-killing pesticides. These are significant threats to honey bees and wild pollinators. There is a need for good, clean food providing for a healthy existence for the honey bee. When bees have proper nutrients, the result is a healthy hive that gives mature bees a better chance to fight off diseases. To showcase the life of a honey bee, this researcher created an immersive environment that simulates a hive structure. The structure, along with the motion graphics and critical takeaway printed pieces, is to help children between the ages of 3-10 understand the importance of honey bees. By comparing healthy and unhealthy bees in their natural habitat in an illustration format, the children could empathize with the honey bees. Hopefully, they will one day change the fate of these amazing creatures. The immersive environment will emulate a spatial audio, 2D character illustration, and animation projected onto a honeycomb structure. Custom seed packets and a brochure will accompany the immersive environment to allow the children to plant a bee-friendly garden and to learn more about the honey bees. This capstone project will showcase the researcher's skills in graphic design, spatial sound, architecture, exhibition design, and character illustration. This structure will allow individuals to observe, determine, and make comparisons between a healthy colony and one that is fragile and dying.
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Borges, Giselle. "Utilização da pressão sonora (ruído) como indicativo de bem-estar animal na produção industrial de suínos". Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11131/tde-10022009-103022/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Objetivou-se, com esta pesquisa, inserir no mercado de produção intensiva de suínos, um método não invasivo para quantificar o bem-estar animal, por intermédio dos níveis de pressão sonora (ruídos) emitidos por suínos em fases de pré-creche e creche. Foram realizados três experimentos, a fim de estudar a utilização da pressão sonora (ruído) emitida por um grupo de suínos como resposta às condições ambientais as quais foram submetidos, em ambiente controlado e de produção intensiva, e estabelecer as faixas de pressão sonora de acordo com as faixas de temperatura e umidade para conforto e estresse. No experimento I o objetivo foi estudar a influência da distribuição dos decibelímetros na captação automática dos níveis de pressão sonora em ambiente de produção intensiva. Foi conduzido em uma granja comercial de suínos, sendo utilizada uma sala do galpão, que foi dividida em dez quadrantes idênticos, e os decibelímetros instalados no centro geométrico de cada quadrante. Os níveis de pressão sonora do ambiente foram registrados em todos os equipamentos, ao mesmo tempo, e, por intermédio da análise geoestatística, foi possível verificar que os decibelímetros não apresentaram dependência espacial entre si, e essa afirmação pôde ser confirmada pela análise de correlação entre cada decibelímetro testado para cada um dos layouts avaliados. No experimento II avaliou-se a influência das variáveis ambientais no nível de pressão sonora emitido por leitões em ambiente controlado. Os leitões foram confinados em uma câmara climática e submetidos à variação da temperatura e umidade do ambiente. O comportamento foi avaliado por intermédio do nível de atividade dos leitões, utilizando análise de imagens. Os níveis de pressão sonora emitidos pelos leitões foram registrados utilizando decibelímetros, e a extração do ruído de fundo foi possível após a retirada dos leitões da câmara. Foi possível concluir que os níveis de pressão sonora emitidos pelos leitões em câmara climática apresentaram correlação negativa com a variável temperatura e com o índice de conforto entalpia Foi possível predizer as faixas de níveis de pressão sonora emitidos pelos leitões, em relação às faixas de conforto e estresse existentes para a temperatura e o índice de conforto entalpia para as condições do presente experimento. O experimento III foi conduzido em uma granja comercial de produção de suínos, tendo como objetivo avaliar a influência das variáveis ambientais nos níveis de pressão sonora emitidos pelos leitões em confinamento intensivo. Foram instalados decibelímetros para a captação automática dos níveis de pressão sonora e loggers para coletar dados de temperatura e umidade do ar em uma sala do galpão de suínos. Para a captação do nível de pressão sonora de fundo, foram instalados, na área externa à sala de creche, decibelímetros para posterior subtração. Os dados foram submetidos à análise correlação e regressão entre as variáveis estudadas. Verificou-se que os níveis de pressão sonora emitidos pelos leitões apresentaram tendência de acréscimo, quando em desconforto térmico, sendo possível predizer as faixas de pressão sonora emitidas pelos leitões em relação às condições ambientais.The objective of this research was to insert in the market of intensive swine production, a non invasive method to quantify animal welfare, through sound pressure levels (noises) emitted by swine in pre-nursering and nursering phases. Were realized three experiments to study the appliance of sound pressure (noise) emitted by a group of swine as an answer to the environment conditions that they were submitted in a controlled and in a intensive production environment, and to establish the bands of sound pressure according to the bands of temperature and humidity to comfort and stress. In experiment I, the objective was to study the influence of the distribution of the decibelimeters on the automatic capturing of sound pressure levels in a intensive production environment. It was conducted in a commercial swine farm, where a sheds room was used, which was divided in ten identical quadrants and the decibelimeters installed in the geometric centre of each quadrant. Environments sound pressure levels were registered in all equipments, at the same time, and through geostatistical analysis, it was possible to verify that the decibelimeters did not show spatial dependence amongst, and this affirmation could be confirmed by correlation analysis between each decibelimeter tested to each of the evaluated layouts. In experiment II the influence of environment variables on sound pressure levels emitted by piglets in a controlled environment was evaluated. Piglets were confined in a climatic chamber and submitted to a variation of environments temperature and relative humidity. Behaviour was evaluated through piglets activity level using image analysis. Sound pressure levels emitted by piglets were registered by decibelimeters, and backgrounds noise extraction was possible after the removing of piglets of the chamber. It was possible to conclude that sound pressure levels emitted by piglets in a climatic chamber showed a negative correlation with temperature variable and with the enthalpy comfort index. It was possible to predict sound pressure levels bands emitted by piglets, related to comfort and stress bands existents to temperature and enthalpy comfort index to the conditions of the present experiment. Experiment III was conducted in a farm of swines commercial production, and the objective was to evaluate the influence of environment variables on sound pressure levels emitted by piglets in a intensive confinement. Decibelimeters were installed to the automatic capture of sound pressure levels and loggers to collect temperature and air humidity data in a room of swines shed. To the capturing of backgrounds sound pressure level, were installed decibelimeters in the external área to nurserings room to a posterior subtraction. Data were submitted to correlation and regression analysis among the studied variables. It was verified that sound pressure levels emitted by piglets showed a raise tendency when in thermal discomfort, and it was possible to predict bands of sound pressure emitted by piglets in relation to environmental conditions.
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Ye, Jiahao. "Etude anatomique de l'amygdale étendue centrale chez la souris : connectivité générale et circuits cellule-spécifiques ; implications fonctionnelles dans la douleur". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAJ006/document.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
L'amygdale centrale (EAc) est un macrosystème du cerveau antérieur qui joue un rôle important dans la peur, l'anxiété et la douleur. Les deux composants clés, le noyau latéral du lit de la strie terminale (STL) et l’amygdale centrale (CeA), possèdent des caractéristiques neurochimiques, hodologiques et fonctionnelles très similaires. En dépit de cette vision simplifiée du STL et du CeA, de nombreuses questions résident quant à l'organisation mésoscopique des entrées et des sorties des subdivisions de l''EAc chez la souris. En outre, il reste à déterminer si ces similitudes de connexion sont également partagées au niveau cellulaire. Dans ce travail, nous avons abordé ces questions de manière comparative chez la souris. Nous avons trouvé de riches afférences et efférences préférentielles pour les différentes subdivisions de l'EAC, ainsi que des afférences convergentes et divergentes. Nous avons également mis en évidence deux groupes distincts de cellules exprimant la protéine kinase C delta (PKCδ) ou la somatostatine (SOM) qui sous-tendent des circuits neuronaux spécifiques parallèles dans le STL et le CeA, ainsi qu'entre les deux structures. Enfin, des données préliminaires suggèrent que les neurones exprimant la PKCδ dans le STL et le CeA pourraient être impliqués dans la douleur tonique. Ces organisations structurales parallèles, mais aussi différentielles, des circuits neuronaux dans le EAc pourraient sous-tendre des aspects fonctionnels similaires et dissociables de l'anxiété, de la peur et de la douleurCentral extended amygdala (EAc) is a forebrain macrosystem that plays important roles in fear, anxiety and pain. The two key components, the lateral bed nucleus of stria terminalis (STL) and central nucleus of amygdala (CeA), are highly similar in their neurochemical, connectional, and functional features. Despite this simplified view of STL and CeA, much remains elusive of the mesoscopic inputs and outputs of EAc subdivisions in mouse model. Also, it is not known whether the connectional similarities are also shared at cellular level. Here, we addressed these question in comparative ways in mice. We found rich preferential inputs and outputs to different subdivisions of EAc, as well as convergent and divergent inputs. We also found two non-overlapping cell groups expressing either protein kinase C delta (PKCδ) or somatostatin (SOM) organize the parallel cell-type specific neuronal circuits in STL and CeA. Finally, preliminary data suggest that PKCδ in STL and CeA might be implicated in tonic pain. These parallel but also differential structural organizations of neuronal circuits in EAc might underlie similar and dissociable functional aspects of anxiety, fear and pain
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Unrath, Jens. "Analyse und Bewertung von Parametern der Produktionsumwelt bei der Milchgewinnung mit automatischen Melksystemen (AMS)". Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Landwirtschaftlich-Gärtnerische Fakultät, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15182.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Automatische Melksysteme (AMS) gelten als jüngste Innovation auf dem Gebiet der Melktechnik und weisen im Vergleich mit konventionellen Melkständen eine Reihe von Besonderheiten auf. Um die Kühe zum freiwilligen und regelmäßigen Besuch des Melksystems anzuhalten, sind optimale mikroklimatische Bedingungen in der Melkbox notwendig. Die Analyse der mikroklimatischen Bedingungen in AMS erfolgte in einem Betrieb mit zwei parallel arbeitenden AMS und 110 melkenden Kühen. Dabei wurden die Parameter Luftqualität in der Melkbox und im Stall, Geräuschbelastung innerhalb der Melkbox während des Melkens sowie Verschmutzungsgrad und Keimgehalt an relevanten Punkten des AMS untersucht. Um die jahreszeitlichen Einflüsse auf das Stallklima zu kennzeichnen erfolgten die Untersuchungen im März 2002, Juni 2002 sowie Januar 2003. Eine besondere mikroklimatische Situation in der Melkbox konnte in den Analysen für die Stallluftparameter Kohlendioxid und Methan festgestellt werden. Dabei wurden erhöhte Konzentrationen immer dann beobachtet, wenn sich eine Kuh in der Melkbox befand. Die Bauweise des AMS im Kopfbereich der Melkbox konnte als entscheidender Grund für die hohen Konzentrationen der Gase ermittelt werden, da dadurch der Luftaustausch mit der Umgebung behindert wird. Die Geräuschkulisse für die Kühe innerhalb der Melkbox erwies sich während der Eutervorbereitung als besonders belastend, da der Schallpegel hier am höchsten war und gleichzeitig eine Frequenzverschiebung in den höherfrequenten Bereich festzustellen war. Ein erster Ansatz der Beschreibung der hygienischen Zustände in einem AMS erfolgte mit Hilfe von digitalen Bildern, welche an den Schnittstellen zwischen Tier, Endprodukt und Technik gemacht wurden. Der visuell wahrnehmbare Verschmutzungsgrad ließ sich in Beziehung zu gleichzeitig erfassten Tupferproben und darin isolierten Keimen setzen. Eine Verbesserung bzw. Anpassung der mikroklimatischen Situation innerhalb von AMS erscheint als notwendig, um eine ausreichende Motivation der Kühe zum Besuch der Melkbox zu erreichen.Automatic milking systems (AMS) are considered as the most recent innovation in the area of milking technology. In comparison with conventional milking parlour they show a set of specific characteristics. Optimal microclimatic conditions in the milking box are necessary to motivate the cows to visit the milking system voluntarily and regularly. The analysis of the microclimatic conditions in AMS took place on a farm with two AMS working parallel and 110 lactating cows. The parameters examined were: the air quality in the milking box and in the barn, the noise load within the milking box during milking as well as the degree of pollution and the germ load at relevant points of the AMS. To mark the seasonal influences on the climate within the barn, the investigations took place in March 2002, June 2002 as well as January 2003. A special microclimatic situation in the milking box was noticed in the analyses for the barn air parameters carbon dioxide and methane. Whenever a cow was in the milking box, increased concentrations were observed. The construction method of the AMS in the head area of the milking box was determined as main reason for the high concentrations of gases, since this impedes the interchange of air with the environment. The sound load for the cows within the milking box was particularly heavy during the preparation of the udder. The sound level was highest during the cleaning of the udder and the frequencies shifted into the higher range. The description of the hygienic conditions in an AMS was first approached by means of digital pictures, which were made at the interfaces between animal, final product and technology. The visually perceptible degree of pollution could be set in relation to Dab RPR, which were taken at the same time like the digital pictures, and isolated germs therein. An improvement and/or an adjustment of the microclimatic situation within AMS appears necessary in order to achieve a sufficient motivation of the cows to go into the milking box.
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Leonhardt, Marion. "Conséquences neuroendocriennes et métaboliques d'une sous-nutrition maternelle périnatale chez le rat". Lille 1, 2003. https://ori-nuxeo.univ-lille1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/21b2f981-03b3-4580-bee6-9c6342089656.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
De nombreuses études épidémiologiques et expérimentales ont permis d'établir l'existence d'une programmation précoce de pathologies à l'âge adulte telles que le diabète de type 2, l'hypertension et le syndrome métabolique. Cette programmation est corrélée avec un petit poids à la naissance et reposerait sur la mise en place de processus adaptatifs permettant la survie immédiate du fœtus et du nouveau-né mais qui deviendraient délétères pour la vie à long terme. Dans notre étude, nous avons réalisé, chez le rat, une sous-nutrition maternelle calorique de 50% au cours de la dernière semaine de gestation et/ou de la lactation. Nous avons montré que la restriction alimentaire maternelle postnatale et périnatale induit chez la descendance un retard de croissance irréversible et des altérations de la mise en place et de l'activité de l'axe corticotrope se caractérisant par une augmentation des taux plasmatiques de corticostérone libre au sevrage et à l'âge adulte ainsi que par une hypo réponse au stress au sevrage. Deux mécanismes de la programmation de cet axe neuroendocrinien ont été suggérés, 1/ un mécanisme nutritionnel lié à la sous-nutrition de la mère, du fœtus et du nouveau-né, 2/ un mécanisme hormonal lié à l'exposition à un excès de glucocorticoi͏̈des maternels. Le blocage de l'activation de l'axe corticotrope chez des mères exposées à une sous-nutrition périnatale montre que ces deux mécanismes ne sont pas exclusifs et qu'ils sont impliqués dans la programmation de l'axe corticotrope. Dans un deuxième temps, l'étude de l'axe gonadotrope au sevrage a révélé des altérations importantes du développement des gonades induites par la sous-nutrition maternelle chez la descendance des deux sexes ce qui induit un retard de la mise en place de la puberté. Enfin, la restriction alimentaire maternelle perturbe la fonction adipocytaire et la sécrétion de l'insuline chez le rat mâle adulte. Notre étude, en accord avec de nombreux autres travaux, suggère que la programmation précoce de l'axe corticotrope pourrait être à l'origine de diverses pathologies chroniques à l'âge adulte. Ainsi, la sous-nutrition maternelle, responsable au sevrage de perturbations de la fonction de reproduction mais aussi d'altérations du métabolisme, pourrait entraîner à plus long terme des pathologies de la reproduction et l'apparition de maladies métaboliques comme le diabète de type 2.
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Lisse, Albert. "Handlungsspielräume deutscher Verwaltungsstellen bei den Konfiskationen in der SBZ 1945-1949 : zum Verhältnis zwischen deutschen Verwaltungsstellen und der Sowjetischen Militäradministration in Deutschland (SMAD) /". Stuttgart : F. Steiner, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39985957g.
Testo completo
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Sebhat, Woldemichael. "Valorisation de la lignine par catalyse hétérogène en condition sous-critique en milieux aqueux et eau/alcool". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10273/document.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
La lignine est une macromolécule, constituant de la biomasse lignocellulosique, qui est composée d’unités propylphénoliques. Cette matière est produite par l’industrie papetière en tant que coproduit de la cellulose. Actuellement, sa valorisation se limite en grande partie à des applications énergétiques. Or, la lignine peut être une source alternative de phénols si elle est dépolymérisée efficacement. Ce travail porte sur la transformation de la lignine en synthons aromatiques dans l’eau et en mélange eau-alcools en conditions sous-critique (225°C et 40-80 bar). Dans un premier temps, des études de conversion sont réalisées en réacteur fermé en utilisant l’eau comme solvant sur une lignine Kraft en présence de catalyseurs (Pt, Pd, Ru sur Al2O3,TiO2, ZrO2), le catalyseur Pd/ZrO2 nous a permis d’obtenir un rendement en phénols identifiés de 2%en 3 heures. Afin d’améliorer la conversion de la lignine en minimisant les réactions de condensations entre unités phénoliques, l’eau est remplacée par un mélange eau/alcool (éthanol, méthanol, isopropanol). La combinaison eau/isopropanol sans catalyseur nous permet d’augmenter le rendement en phénols identifiés de 5%. Nous avons ensuite essayé d’appliquer notre approche en réacteur continu. Même si le mélange eau/isopropanol était le meilleur solvant en réacteur fermé, le passage en réacteur continu s’est avéré complexe par la formation de produits solides. L’utilisation d’un mélange eau/éthanol a permis d’éviter ce problème et un rendement en gaiacol jusqu’à 1% est obtenu. L’éthanol permet de stabiliser des synthons instables dans le milieu par alkylation et estérificationLignin is a macromolecule comprising lignocellulosic biomass, and is composed of propylphenyl units. Lignin is produced in large amounts by the paper industry when cellulose is isolated from biomass. Currently, its value is largely limited to source of energy and heat in recovery boilers. Nonetheless lignin can be an alternative source of aromatics if depolymerized effectively. The present work focuses on the transformation of lignin into aromatic building blocks using sub-critical water and mixtures of water/alcohols (225°C and 40-80 bar). Preliminary studies were carried out in a batch reactor; water was used as a solvent for the conversion of a Kraft lignin in the presence of catalysts (Pt, Pd, Ru on Al2O3, TiO2, ZrO2). The Pd/ZrO2 catalyst gave the highest yield of identified phenols with 2% in 3 hours. To improve the conversion of the lignin by minimizing condensation reactions between phenolic units, the water was replaced with a mixture water/alcohol (ethanol, methanol, isopropanol). The combination water/isopropanol without catalyst allowed us to increase the yield of identified phenols to 5%. The results obtained in batch reactor were extrapolated to a trickle-bed reactor. Even though the water/isopropanol mixture gave the best results in batch reactor, the implementation on a continuous reactor proved to be complex (formation of solids clogging the reactor). The use of a water/ethanol mixture prevented this problem and a yield in guaiacol of up to 1 % was obtained. Ethanol helps stabilize unstable building blocks by alkylation and esterification. This is evidenced by the NMR and chromatographic analysis
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Verrier, Thomas. "Function and plasticity of NKp46 expressing innate lymphoid cells". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC173/document.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Les cellules lymphoïdes innées de groupe 3 (ILC3) contribuent activement à l’homéostasie intestinale par leur production d’Interleukin-22 (IL-22). Ces ILC3 regroupent 2 sous-populations majeures, les LTi (« Lymphoid Tissue inducer »), caractérisées par l’expression du récepteur au chimiokine CCR6, et les ILC3 exprimant le facteur de transcription (FT) T-bet, qui comprennent une population positive pour le marqueur de surface NKp46, récepteur originalement utilisé pour identifier les ILC de groupe 1 (ILC1). Les ILC1 jouent un rôle prépondérant dans la réponse aux pathogènes intracellulaires et anti-tumorale. Jusqu’à présent, trois populations majeures composent les ILC1 : les lymphocytes cytotoxiques Natural Killer (NK ou ILC1b), qui dépendent largement du FT Eomes et expriment l’intégrine CD49b ; les ILC1 hépatiques et intestinaux, qui dépendent du FT T-bet et expriment CD49a (ILC1a) ; et une population CD49a+ et DX5+ indépendante du FT Nfil3 localisée dans les glandes salivaires ou l’utérus (ILC1ab). Mes travaux visent à comprendre la biologie des ILC exprimant NKp46, ainsi que les facteurs impliqués dans leur développement, leur maturation et leur fonction. La majeure partie de ma thèse se concentre sur les NKp46+ ILC3. Premièrement, nous démontrons un rôle majeur pour le récepteur aux chimiokine CXCR6 dans la localisation des NKp46+ ILC3 dans les villi de la lamina propria intestinale (Satoh-Takayama et al. 2014). Deuxièmement, j’ai mis en évidence que NKp46+ ILC3 pouvait perdre l’expression de NKp46 (Verrier et al. 2016). Déclenchée par le TGFβ, cette perte d’expression est associée à une plus forte capacité à produire de l’IL-22, mais aussi à l’acquisition de marqueurs identifiant les LTi (CCR6, MHC-II), démontrant ainsi la plasticité des NKp46+ ILC3. Enfin, en collaboration avec le groupe de Rachel Golub, nous avons confirmé le rôle présumé de la molécule Notch dans cette plasticité (Chea et al. 2016). Dans ce manuscrit, je discuterai du développement et de l’hétérogénéité des ILC3, ILC1a, ILC1b et ILC1ab. L’ensemble de mes résultats soutient une vision dynamique de la biologie des ILC reflétant l’adaptation de ces cellules effectrices face à leur environnement. En caractérisant les différents acteurs impliqués dans ce processus dynamique, mes travaux pourront servir au développement de thérapies visant à contrôler l’équilibre entre ces différentes populations dans divers pathologies comme le cancer, les infections virales, ou encore les maladies intestinalesGroup 3 Innate Lymphoid cells (ILC3) actively maintain mucosal homeostasis through the production of Interleukin-22 (IL-22). ILC3 encompass 2 major populations, LTi (« Lymphoid Tissue inducer »), characterized by the expression of the chemokine receptor CCR6, and ILC3 that express the transcription factor T-bet, which include a population expressing the surface marker NKp46, a receptor originally used to identify group 1 ILC (ILC1). ILC1 plays a major role in the defense against intracellular pathogens and anti-tumoral responses. Three major ILC1 populations have been identified: the cytotoxic lymphocytes « Natural Killer » (NK or ILC1b), which largely rely for on the transcription factor Eomes their generation and express the integrin CD49b; hepatic and intestinal ILC1 that depends on the T-bet transcription factor and express CD49a (ILC1a); and a population that expresses CD49a and CD49b (ILC1ab) and populates the salivary gland and the uterus, which is independent of the transcription factor Nfil3. My work aimed to understand the biology of NKp46 expressing ILC, as well as factor involved in their development, maturation and function. The major part of my work focuses on NKp46+ ILC3. First, we demonstrate a major role for the chemokine receptor CXCR6 in their localisation in the lamina propria villi (Satoh-Takayama et al. 2014). Second, I showed that NKp46+ ILC3 could lose NKp46 expression (Verrier et al. 2016). Induced by TGFβ, this loss of expression was associated with higher IL-22 production and by the acquisition of markers identifying LTi (CCR6, MHC-II), demonstrating NKp46+ ILC3 plasticity. Finally, in collaboration with Rachel Golub’s group, we confirmed a putative role for Notch-signaling in this plasticity (Chea et al. 2016). In this manuscript, I will discuss the development and the heterogeneity of ILC3, ILC1a, ILC1b and ILC1ab. All the results I generated support a dynamic vision of ILC biology, which reflects how they adapt in response to environmental cues. By characterizing the different actors involved in this dynamic process, my work could be used to design therapies aiming at controlling the equilibrium between these different populations in diverse pathologies such as cancer, viral infection, or intestinal diseases
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Parmentier, Jean-Francois. "Extension du formalisme Euler/Euler pour la simulation des lits fluidisés de particules du groupe A dans la classification de Geldart". Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPT0121/document.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Ce travail a pour objectif d'améliorer la prédictivité des modèles à deux fluides pour la description des lits fluidisés gaz-solide pour les particules du groupe A dans la classification de Geldart. La première partie traite de l'incorporation de nouveaux phénomènes physiques dans le formalisme statistique utilisé : collisions induites par le cisaillement, phénomènes de lubrification lors des chocs et forces inter-particulaires. La deuxième partie traite de la résolution numérique du modèle. Il est montré que la simulation des lits de particules de type A présente une très forte sensibilité au maillage, conduisant à une surestimation de la hauteur du lit. L'introduction du formalisme filtré permet d'identifier la traînée filtrée comme étant l'origine principale du problème. Deux modèles de sous-maille sont proposés pour la prédiction de celle-ci et sont testés à la fois sur une configuration académique et sur une expérience de laboratoireThis work aims to increase the predictivity of the two-fluid model in gas-solid fluidized beds of Geldart A particles. The first part deals with the integration of physical phenomena into the two-fluid model: shear-induced collisions, lubrication between particles and inter-particular forces. The second part deals with the practical resolution of the two-fluid model using numerical codes. It is shown that bed expansion for Geldart A particles have a strong dependance on the mesh size used to compute the flow, leading to a major overestimation. The filtered approach is used and points up the filtered drag as the key of the problem. Two subgrid drag models are proposed and tested on both academic and laboratory configurations
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TERENZI, Alessandro. "Innovative Digital Signal Processing Methodologies for Identification and Analysis of Real Audio Systems". Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/287822.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Esistono molti sistemi audio reali e ciascuno ha le proprie caratteristiche ma tutti sono accomunati dal fatto che sono sistemi in grado di generare o modificare un suono. Se un sistema naturale o artificiale può essere definito come sistema sonoro, allora è possibile applicare le tecniche del digital signal processing per studiare il sistema ed emularne il comportamento. In questo lavoro di tesi si propone di introdurre delle metodologie innovative di processamento del segnale applicate ad alcuni sistemi sonori reali.
In particolare, vengono studiati e discussi tre diversi sistemi: il mondo dei dispositivi non lineari basati su valvole, con particolare attenzione agli amplificatori per chitarra e hi-fi, l'ambiente acustico di una stanza ed il suo effetto sulla propagazione del suono ed infine il suono emesso dalle api in un alveare.
Per quanto riguarda il primo sistema, vengono proposti dei contributi innovativi per l'identificazione di modelli come la serie di Volterra ed il modello di Hammerstein; in particolare viene discusso un approccio per superare alcune limitazioni dell'identificazione tramite serie di Volterra e l'applicazione di una struttura in sottobande per ridurre il costo computazionale e incrementare la velocità di convergenza di un algoritmo adattativo per l'identificazione del modello di Hammerstein. In ultima analisi, viene proposto un approccio innovativo in grado di stimare con una singola misura vari parametri di distorsione sfruttando un modello di Hammerstein generallizato.
Per quanto riguarda il secondo ambito, vengono proposti i risultati relativi a due applicazioni di equalizzazione multipunto: nel primo caso si mostrerà come l'equalizzazione può essere usata non solo per compensare le anomalie sonore generate all'interno di una stanza, ma anche per migliorare la risposta in frequenza di particolari trasduttori a vibrazione ancorati ad un pannello rigido; nel secondo caso si illustra come un approccio in sottobande può migliorare l'efficienza computazionale e la velocità di un algoritmo di equalizzazione adattativo multipunto e multicanale.
Infine, viene presentato un sistema sonoro naturale, ovvero quello generato da un alveare. In questo caso si illustrerà un sistema di acquisizione innovativo sviluppato per monitorare gli alveari con particolare attenzione al suono; succesivamente si mostrano gli approcci messi a punto per analizzare il suono registrato in due condizioni reali ed infine verranno si illustrano i risultati ottenuti grazie allo studio del suono usando algoritmi di classificazione.
Inoltre, nella parte finale dell'elaborato sono presenti dei contributi secondari ma che hanno comunque come focus principale il signal processing applicato ad ambienti acustici reali, in particolare si discute di un'implementazione di un algoritmo di cancellazione attiva del rumore e di due algoritmi per effetti digitali in cui il primo migliora le performance sonore di altoparlanti compatti, ed il secondo genera un effetto stereofonico per chitarra elettrica.Many real word audio systems exist, each has its own characteristics but almost all of them can be identified from the fact that they are able to generate or modify a sound. If a natural or artificial system can be defined as a sound system, then it is possible to apply the techniques of digital signal processing for the studying and the emulation of the system. In this thesis, innovative methodologies for digital signal processing applied to real audio systems will be discussed. In particular, three different audio systems will be considered: the world of vacuum-based non linear audio devices with particular attention to guitar and hi-fi amplifiers; the room acoustic environment and its effect on the sound propagation; and finally the sound emitted by honey bees in a beehive. Regarding the first system, innovative approaches for the identification of the Volterra series and Hammerstein models will be proposed, in particular an approach to overcome some limitation of Volterra series identification. The application of a sub-band structure to reduce the computational cost and increase the convergence speed of an adaptive Hammerstein model identification will be proposed as well. Finally, an innovative approach for the measurement of several distortion parameters using a single measure, exploiting a generalized Hammerstein model, will be presented. For the second system, the results of the application of a multi-point equalizer to two different situations will be exposed. In particular, in the first case, it will be shown how a multi-point equalization can be used not only to compensate the acoustical anomalies of a room, but also to improve the frequency response of vibrating transducers mounted on a rigid surface. The second contribution will show how a sub-band approach can be used to improve the computational cost and the speed of an adaptive algorithm for a multi-point and multi channel equalizer. At the end, the focus will be on a natural sound system, i.e., a honey bees colony. In this case, an innovative acquisition system for honey bees sound monitoring will be presented. Then, the approaches developed for sound analysis will be exposed and applied to the recorded sounds in two different situations. Finally, the obtained results, achieved with the application of classification algorithms, will be exposed. In the final part of the work some minor contributions still related to signal processing applied to real sound systems are presented. In particular, an implementation of an active noise control system is discussed, and two algorithms for digital effects where the former improves the sound performances of compact loudspeakers and the latter generates a stereophonic effect for electric guitars are exposed.
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Nassor, Alice. "Domain decomposition method for acoustic-elastic coupled problems in time-domain. Application to underwater explosions". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023IPPAE015.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Ce travail étudie les approches globales en temps de décomposition de domaine pour résoudre des problèmes transitoires d'interaction fluide-structure. Afin de déterminer un algorithme optimal, nous étudions dans un premier temps la solvabilité des problèmes élastodynamiques et acoustiques transitoires avec des conditions aux frontières de type Robin et de Neumann. Nous énonçons des résultats de solvabilité, en soulignant les différentes régularités espace-temps des solutions. Nous étudions également la solvabilité du problème couplé élastodynamique-acoustique transitoire. Puis en nous basant sur ces résultats mathématiques, nous proposons ensuite un algorithme itératif global en temps basé sur les conditions aux limites de type Robin pour le problème couplé et prouvons sa convergence.Ces résultats sont ensuite mis en oeuvre pour coupler deux méthodes numériques efficaces. La réponse du fluide en temps discret est obtenue à l'aide d'une approche Z-BEM qui combine (i) une méthode d'éléments de frontière (BEM) accélérée par la méthode des matrices hiérarchiques dans le domaine de Laplace et (ii) une quadrature de convolution. La réponse de la structure est modélisée à l'aide de la méthode des éléments finis. Nous développons de cette manière une méthode numérique de couplage itérative globale en temps à convergence garantie, permettant en outre d'utiliser deux méthodes numériques distinctes de manière non intrusive.Plusieurs améliorations sont ensuite proposées: une méthode d'accélération de convergence est mise en œuvre et une approximation à haute fréquence est proposée pour améliorer l'efficacité de la Z-BEM. On propose ensuite un deuxième couplage itératif global-en-temps basé sur une interface acoustique-acoustique, dont la convergence est également démontrée. Ce couplage permet ensuite d'introduire des effets non linéaires dus au phénomène de cavitation pour préciser le modèle fluide. La Z-BEM est enfin adaptée en utilisant la méthode des images pour permettre la prise en compte d'une surface libre.Cette méthode est appliquées à des problèmes à dynamique rapide de dispersion d'ondes de choc acoustiques par des structures élastiques immergées et permet de simuler des configurations réalistes rencontrées dans l'industrie navaleThis work addresses global-in-time domain decomposition approaches for the numerical solution of transient fluid-structure interaction problems. To determine an optimal algorithm, we first study the solvability for the transient acoustic and elastodynamic problems with Robin and Neumann boundary conditions. We state solvability results along with the different space-time regularities of the solutions. We also study the solvability for the transient coupled elastodynamic-acoustic problem. Using on these mathematical results we then propose a global-in-time iterative algorithm based on Robin boundary conditions for the coupled elastodynamicacoustic problem and we prove its convergence.These results are leveraged to design a computational methodology by coupling two efficient numerical methods. The fluid response is formulated in the discrete-time domain, using a Z-BEM approach that combines (i) a boundary element method (BEM) accelerated with hierarchical matrix implemented in the Laplace domain and (ii) a convolution quadrature method. The structure response is modelled using the finite elements method. We thus propose a global-in-time iterative coupling with guaranteed convergence, which enables the use of two distinct numerical methods in a non-intrusive manner.Several improvements are then explored: an acceleration method is implemented and a high-frequency approximation is proposed to improved the Z-BEM efficiency. A second iterative global-in-time coupling based on an acoustic-acoustic interface is then proposed and its convergence is also proved. This coupling enables the addition of non linear effects due to the cavitation phenomenon to derive a more realistic fluid model. The Z-BEM is lastly adapted using the method of images to take a free surface into account.This method is applied on fast-time problems of acoustic shock wave scattering by submerged elastic structures and enables to simulate realistic configurations from naval industry
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Mavaleix-Marchessoux, Damien. "Modelling the fluid-structure coupling caused by a far-field underwater explosion". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IPPAE012.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Les sous-marins militaires doivent résister aux sollicitations induites par une explosion sous-marine. Pour s'en assurer, la simulation numérique est d'une importance capitale, compte tenu du coût très élevé des campagnes expérimentales. Une explosion sous-marine lointaine est un événement complexe qui a deux effets distincts : elle libère une onde de choc, puis crée une bulle de gaz oscillante qui pousse une grande quantité d'eau plus lentement. Les deux phénomènes ont des caractéristiques et des échelles de temps assez différentes. Dans ce travail, nous supposons que l'explosion est suffisamment éloignée pour (i) que la présence du navire affecte peu l'explosion, et (ii) permettre une séparation temporelle des deux phénomènes, tels que perçus par le navire. Dans ces conditions, notre objectif est de concevoir, implémenter (dans le cadre du calcul haute performance) puis valider une méthodologie de simulation numérique pour le problème d'interaction fluide-structure prenant en compte les deux phénomènes. Pour ce faire, nous commençons par étudier les deux perturbations en l'absence du sous-marin, pour déduire une modélisation et des méthodes numériques adaptées. Nous développons ensuite une procédure éléments de frontière (BEM) accélérée, basée sur une combinaison de la méthode de quadrature de convolution avec une approximation haute fréquence empirique originale. Plus largement, cette procédure permet de simuler efficacement des problèmes transitoires rapides 3D de propagation d'ondes en milieu non-borné, et offre une complexité très favorable : O(1) par rapport à la discrétisation temporelle et O(N log N) par rapport à la discrétisation spatiale. Enfin, nous mettons en place des stratégies performantes de couplage éléments finis/éléments de frontière (FEM/BEM) pour la phase d'interaction fluide-structure de l'onde de choc (acoustique linéaire) et celle de la bulle de gaz (écoulements incompressibles). La procédure globale, validée sur des problèmes académiques, fournit des résultats très prometteurs sur des cas industriels réalistesSubmarines must withstand the effects of rapid dynamic loads induced by underwater explosions. Due to the very high cost of experimental campaigns, numerical simulations are very important. A remote underwater explosion is a complex event that has two distinct effects: it sends a shock wave, then creates an oscillating gas bubble that sets water in slower motion. The two phenomena have quite different characteristics and time scales. In this work, we consider remote enough underwater explosions so that (i) the presence of the submarine only marginally affects the explosion, and (ii) there is a temporal separation of the two phenomena, as experienced by the ship. Under these conditions, our overall goal is to design, implement (in the context of high performance computing) then validate a computational methodology for the fluid-structure interaction problem, taking into account both phenomena. With this aim, we first study the two perturbations without considering the submarine, to propose appropriate modelling and numerical methods. Then, we design a fast boundary element (BEM) procedure, based on the combination of the convolution quadrature method and an original empirical high frequency approximation. The procedure allows to efficiently simulate 3D rapid transient wave propagation problems set in an unbounded domain, and shows advantageous complexity: O(1) in regards to the time discretisation and O(N log N) for the spatial discretisation. Finally, we implement adequate finite element/boundary element (FEM/BEM) coupling strategies for the shock wave fluid-structure interaction phase (linear acoustics) and that of the gas bubble (incompressible flow). The overall procedure, validated on academic problems, provides very promising results when applied on realistic industrial cases
30
Goula, Agathi Vasiliki. "Implication des lésions oxydantes et du mécanisme de réparation par excision de base dans la sélectivité tissulaire de l'instabilité somatique des répétitions CAG dans la maladie de Huntington". Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00868694.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
La maladie de Huntington (MH) est une maladie neurodégénérative fatale, causée par l'expansion des répétitions CAG du gène de Huntingtine. La longueur de l'expansion est instable et proportionnelle à la gravité de la maladie. L'instabilité varie selon les tissus, p.ex. le striatum est très instable et dégénère, alors que le cervelet a une instabilité limitée et est épargné par la maladie. Nous avons étudié le rôle des lésions oxydantes et du mécanisme de réparation par excision de base (BER) dans la sélectivité tissulaire de l'instabilité dans ces deux tissus de souris R6/1. Le niveau des lésions était similaire dans ces tissus, alors que les niveaux et les activités des principales protéines BER étaient globalement diminués dans le striatum. L'efficacité de réparation dépendait de la stoechiométrie de BER, la position de la lésion et la séquence d'ADN. Nos résultats suggèrent une faible coopération entre les activités BER associée à la spécificité tissulaire de l'instabilité de la MH.
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Chevrier, Solène. "Development of subgrid models for a periodic circulating fluidized bed of binary mixture of particles". Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2017. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/19905/1/CHEVRIER_Solene.pdf.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Detailed sensitivity numerical studies have shown that the mesh cell-size may have a drastic effect on the modelling of circulating fluidized bed with small particles. Typically, the cell-size must be of the order of few particle diameters to predict accurately the dynamical behaviour of a fluidized bed. Hence, the Euler-Euler numerical simulations of industrial processes are generally performed with grids too coarse to allow the prediction of the local segregation effects. Appropriate modelling, which takes into account the influence of unresolved structures, have been already proposed for monodisperse simulations. In this work, the influence of unresolved structures on a binary mixture of particles is investigated and models are proposed to account for those effect on bidisperse simulations of bidisperse gas-solid fluidized bed. To achieve this goal, Euler-Euler reference simulations are performed with grid refinement up to reach a mesh independent solution. Such kind of numerical simulation is very expensive and is restricted to very simple configurations. In this work, the configuration consists of a 3D periodical circulating fluidized bed, that could represent the established zone of an industrial circulating fluidized bed. In parallel, a filtered approach is developed where the unknown terms, called sub-grid contributions, appear. They correspond to the difference between filtered terms, which are calculated with the reference results then filtered, and resolved contributions, calculated with the filtered fields. Then spatial filters can be applied to reference simulation results to measure each sub-grid contribution appearing in the theoretical filtered approach. A budget analysis is carried out to understand and model the sub-grid term. The analysis of the filtered momentum equation shows that the resolved fluid-particle drag and inter-particle collision are overestimating the momentum transfer effects. The analysis of the budget of the filtered random kinetic energy shows that the resolved production by the mean shear and by the mean particle relative motion are underestimating the filtered ones. Functional models are proposed for the subgrid contributions of the drag and the inter-particle collision.
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Huvet, Chloé. "D’Un nouvel espoir (1977) à La revanche des Sith (2005) : écriture musicale et traitement de la partition au sein du complexe audio-visuel dans la saga Star Wars". Thesis, Rennes 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN20048.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Fait unique dans l’histoire du cinéma, les partitions du gigantesque cycle dischronique qu’est la saga Star Wars, couvrant une période très étirée de vingt-huit ans, sont toutes de la main de John Williams. Cette constance compositionnelle devrait a priori faire des deux trilogies (1977-1983 et 1999-2005) un tout cohérent et unifié, d’autant que George Lucas envisage les six épisodes comme une seule et même entité. Pourtant, l’unité musicale de l’hexalogie et la signature musicale « starwarsienne » sont loin d’aller de soi, prenant la forme d’un idéal dénué de fondements solides réels.En adoptant une approche comparative transversale et en faisant varier différentes échelles d’analyse (épisode, trilogie, saga), la présente thèse a ainsi pour projet de montrer de quelles manières le matériau musical, les pratiques compositionnelles de Williams, mais aussi le traitement et l’intégration de la partition au sein du complexe audio-visuel font l’objet de profondes transformations entre les deux trilogies. Notre recherche interroge également dans quelle mesure et selon quelles modalités ces changements dans l’écriture musicale et l’utilisation de la partition dans les différents épisodes sont liés aux mutations des techniques cinématographiques, en particulier aux bouleversements dunumérique. Mettant à profit l’exploitation de sources manuscrites inédites et d’entretiens personnels réalisés auprès de l’orchestrateur principal de Williams, Conrad Pope, et de son music editor Kenneth Wannberg, notre travail met en oeuvre une interdisciplinarité affirmée au croisement de l’analyse musicale, de l’histoire du cinéma et des technologiesThe scores of the Star Wars saga, a gigantic dischronic cycle spanning over a long period of twentyeight years, are all composed by John Williams, a unique configuration in cinema history. This compositional consistency should theoretically establish the two trilogies (1977-1983 and 1999-2005) as a coherent and unified whole, especially as George Lucas considers the six episodes as one single entity. Nevertheless, the hexalogy’s musical unity and the existence of a Star Wars musical signature are far from self-evident, instead taking the form of an ideal devoid of real, solid foundations.By adopting a comparative cross-disciplinary approach and by resorting to different scales of analysis (episode, trilogy, saga), this dissertation aims to show in which ways the musical material, Williams’ compositional practice as well as the use and integration of the score within the audiovisual complex are subjected to profound transformations between the two trilogies. This research also questions how and to what extent these changes in Williams’s writing and the score’s treatment in the different episodes are related to the mutations of film techniques, especially those of the digital age.Drawing on unreleased hand-written sources and personal interviews conducted with Williams’ main orchestrator, Conrad Pope, and his music editor, Kenneth Wannberg, this dissertation implements a firm interdisciplinarity at the intersection of musical analysis, cinema and technology history
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Prnka, Jiří. "Výpočtové modelování hluku v kabině letounu VUT 100 Cobra". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-229032.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This master’s thesis deals with the computational simulation of low-frequency noise inside the cabin of small commercial airplane VUT 100 Cobra. For this low-frequncy range deterministic methods: Final Element Method (FEM) and Boundary Element Method (BEM) are used for simulation of the dynamic behaviour of the object. FEM has been used to compute eigenmodes and eigenfrequences of the structure of the aeroplane cabin and of the acoustic space inside cabin. Then response to harmonic excitation of engine represented by unit forces in place of contact has been computed. Obtained velocities on the surface of the cabin are then used as the basis for the noise calculation inside the cabin using BEM. After that effect of some construction modifications on sound level inside cabin are evaluated by computational modelling.
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Kamrath, Matthew. "Extending standard outdoor noise propagation models to complex geometries". Thesis, Le Mans, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LEMA1038/document.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Les méthodes d'ingénierie acoustique (e.g. ISO 9613-2 ou CNOSSOS-EU) approchent efficacement les niveaux de bruit générés par les routes, les voies ferrées et les sources industrielles en milieu urbain. Cependant, ces approches d'ingénierie sont limitées à des géométries de forme simple, le plus souvent de section rectangulaire. Ce mémoire développe donc, et valide, une approche hybride permettant l'extension des méthodes d'ingénierie à des formes plus complexes, en introduisant un terme d’atténuation supplémentaire qui représente l'effet d'un objet réel comparé à un objet simple.Le calcul de cette atténuation supplémentaire nécessite des calculs de référence, permettant de quantifier la différence entre objets simple et complexe. Dans la mesure où il est trop onéreux, numériquement, '’effectuer ce calcul pour tous les chemins de propagation, l'atténuation supplémentaire est obtenue par interpolation de données stockées dans un tableau et évaluées pour un large jeu de positions de sources, de récepteurs et de fréquences. Dans notre approche, le calcul de référence utilise la méthode BEM en 2.5D, et permet ainsi de produire les niveaux de référence pour les géométries simple et complexe, tout en tabulant leur écart. Sur le principe, d'autres approches de référence pourraient être utilisées.Ce travail valide cette approche hybride pour un écran en forme de T avec un sol rigide, un sol absorbant et un cas avec bâtiments. Ces trois cas démontrent que l'approche hybride est plus précise que l'approche d’ingénierie standard dans des cas complexesNoise engineering methods (e.g. ISO 9613-2 or CNOSSOS-EU) efficiently approximate sound levels from roads, railways, and industrial sources in cities. However, engineering methods are limited to only simple box-shaped geometries. This dissertation develops and validates a hybrid method to extend the engineering methods to more complicated geometries by introducing an extra attenuation term that represents the influence of a real object compared to a simplified object.Calculating the extra attenuation term requires reference calculations to quantify the difference between the complex and simplified objects. Since performing a reference computation for each path is too computationally expensive, the extra attenuation term is linearly interpolated from a data table containing the corrections for many source and receiver positions and frequencies. The 2.5D boundary element method produces the levels for the real complex geometry and a simplified geometry, and subtracting these levels yields the corrections in the table.This dissertation validates this hybrid method for a T-barrier with hard ground, soft ground, and buildings. All three cases demonstrate that the hybrid method is more accurate than standard engineering methods for complex cases
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Moreau, Luc. "Comportement d'un glacier tempere sur son lit rocheux. Vitesses de glissement, hydrologie et hydrographie. Etude effectuee au sein du site sous-glaciaire d'emosson glacier d'argentiere, massif du mont-blanc, france". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10202.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Le comportement d'un glacier tempere sur son lit rocheux reste pour une large part meconnu etant donne les difficultes rencontrees sur le terrain pour acceder a l'interface glace-roche, la ou se place le contact entre le glacier et son lit rocheux. L'exploitation et le captage des eaux glaciaires par les societes hydroelectriques, en developpant des sites sous-glaciaires, a facilite cet acces et l'observation de la dynamique des glaciers. A la charniere des domaines fondamental et applique, cette etude tente de repondre a plusieurs problemes majeurs en glaciologie: dynamique glaciaire et interface glace-roche, hydrologie et hydrographie sous-glaciaires, vitesses de glissement d'un glacier sur son lit rocheux. Elle concerne les glaciers temperes et plus particulierement le glacier d'argentiere, dont elle analyse vingt ans de donnees scientifiques accumulees pour les besoins des captages sous-glaciaires de la societe hydroelectrique d'emosson
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Kerfai, Syrine. "Etude d'un procédé chromatographique d'échange d'ions pour la séparation de la ribulose 1,5-diphosphate carboxylase (Rubisco) dans le cadre de la valorisation d'un sous produit agricole". Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ISAT0014/document.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Les milieux biologiques bruts, provenant des opérations de transformation de biomasse sont souvent caractérisés à la fois par leur caractère polluant et par un potentiel de valorisation important. Le développement de procédés adaptés au traitement de tels milieux complexes présente ainsi beaucoup d’intérêt. Les jus verts générés par la déshydratation de la luzerne (Medicago Sativa) sont caractérisés par une forte teneur en protéines. Outre leur valeur nutritionnelle importante, ces protéines ont des applications potentielles dans plusieurs domaines, notamment environnemental de part leur teneur élevée en Ribulose 1,5 Bisphosphate Carboxylase Oxydase (Rubisco), enzyme responsable de la fixation du CO2 chez les plantes. Dans ce travail la séparation sélective de la Rubisco à partir du jus de luzerne industriel centrifugé par chromatographie d’échange d’ions a été étudiée. Dans un premier temps une méthode d’analyse qualitative et quantitative a été mise au point pour la détection et la quantification de la Rubisco en solution et ainsi le suivi du procédé de séparation. Dans un deuxième temps, le procédé de séparation a été étudié en colonne, en lit fixe et en lit expansé, en utilisant le support échangeur d’anions Q Hyper Z et l’effet de la dilution du milieu sur la capacité dynamique du procédé a été analysé dans les deux cas. Les résultats obtenus ont montré que les deux modes de contact permettent d’avoir des capacités dynamiques de rétention du même ordre de grandeur que celles de la littérature. Après élution, la Rubisco a été concentrée jusqu’à 21 fois et les fractions produites étaient caractérisées par un grand degré de pureté. Par ailleurs, des études d’équilibre et cinétique d’échange ont été initiées dans ce travail et ont démontré que malgré la taille importante de la protéine d’intérêt (560 kDa) les limitations stériques à son transfert ne sont pas plus importantes que dans le cas de protéines plus simples et plus petites et que le support Q Hyper Z présente effectivement une grande affinité pour la protéine. Enfin une première approche théorique a été conduite pour la compréhension des interactions entre la protéine et l’échangeur dans ce milieu complexe. Elle a permis de confirmer l’importance de la prise en compte de la présence d’autres biomolécules dans le milieu sur la rétention de la Rubisco, peut être même plus que celle des selsBiological raw material derived from bio-refinery processes, is often considered a source of pollution but it seems also to be a promising alternative to potential material recovery. The development of suitable processes for handling such complex biological material has so many concerns. Green juice produced from mechanical dehydration of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) is an excellent source of protein with high nutritional quality. Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase (Rubisco) is the most abundant protein in the green juice, with potential applications in many fields, such as human nutrition, pharmaceuticals, environmental… The aim of this study is to isolate and recover Rubisco produced from an industrial alfalfa green juice, by ion exchange chromatography process. First of all, a qualitative and quantitative analytical method was developed to provide reliable information about Rubisco content monitoring in the separation process. In a second step, the separation process was performed in fixed and expanded bed, using the anion exchanger Q Hyper Z. In both cases, the effect of the dilution of the green juice on the dynamic capacity of the columns was studied. The results showed that the dynamic capacity retention was similar in both columns to those reported in literature. After elution step, Rubisco was concentrated 21 times and produced with high level of purity. Furthermore, kinetic of ion exchange study was initiated. Despite the large size of the protein (560 kDa), steric limitations to mass transfer were not very significant when compared to those of conventional small proteins. The support Q Hyper Z showed an excellent affinity for the protein recovery. Finally, a first theoretical investigation has been conducted for understanding the retention mechanism between the protein and the separation column. This study shows the importance of taking into account the presence of other bio-molecules in order to perform the retention of Rubisco, perhaps even more than that of salts
37
Hydén, Malin. "Sanning och konsekvens : En studie av den estetiska intentionen hos tre verk av Felix Gmelin". Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Culture and Communication, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-3075.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
You could say that the Swedish artist Felix Gmelin in his art uses media to get closer or further away from what we consider to be the reality and also truth. The purpose of this study is to discuss what this means for the intention of his art works. The starting point is my own aesthetic experience of his painting and the installations A Gentleman’s agreement (1996), Farbtest, Die Rothe Fahne II (2003) and Tools and Grammar 2.5 (2007). Each of these works of art consists of different kinds of prefabricated material such as articles, films and documents. These kinds of material are often considered to stand in the way of the aesthetic experience, maybe because they are supposed to be closer to reality and therefore to truth. The thesis of this study is that the truth in art is inscribed in the aesthetic framework of each art piece and also in the technical support it uses. If for example the support consists of an investigative journalist’s documentary research, in Rosalind Krauss’ description, the truth might be found in the authenticity of the documentary material. If the technical support has to do with sampling instead, as in the re-use of existing materials to create new works of art, the truth can probably not be found in the different pieces of material but in the work ofart in itself. It does not matter then if the different pieces of material it consists of is traditionally considered unaesthetic. The conclusion of this study is that Gmelin’s Gentleman’s agreement, Farbtest, Die Rothe Fahne II and Tools and Grammar 2.5 actually discuss what truth is and if there is an aesthetic truth.
Examensarbetet består dels av en vetenskaplig rapport (se Huvudtitel och Abstract), dels av en vetenskaplig artikel (se Alternativ titel).
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Tozy, Rita. "Compréhension et optimisation du traitement biologique anaérobie des coproduits de l’industrie sucrière". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLC075.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Intégrée dans une unité de production de sucre et d'éthanol, la digestion anaérobie peut fournir une solution écologique pour traiter la matière organique tout en fournissant l'énergie qui peut, en partie, couvrir les besoins énergétiques de l'usine. L’objet de cette thèse de doctorat est la compréhension et l’optimisation de la méthanisation des coproduits de sucrerie et de distillerie de betterave dans l’optique d’une intégration industrielle du procédé. D’une part, la faisabilité de la digestion des pulpes en mono-substrat et sans dilution en réacteur parfaitement agité a été démontrée. La digestion thermophile s’est révélée efficace et stable jusqu’à une charge organique comprise entre 5 et 5,9 kg MO/m3.j. La biodégradabilité des pulpes est élevée, le taux d’abattement de matière organique de 88,1% et la production spécifique de méthane de 0,353 Nm3 CH4/kg MO. Des contraintes technologiques spécifiques aux pulpes, comme par exemple les phénomènes de moussage ou d’abrasion des pompes, ont été mises en évidence.D’autre part, la méthanisation des vinasses en conditions mésophiles a révélé les limites du procédé parfaitement agité. La charge maximale, autour de 3 kg DCO/m3.j, a permis d’obtenir une production spécifique de méthane de 0,353 Nm3 CH4/kg MO mais l’accumulation de sels d’acides gras volatils, y compris à faible charge organique, indique un déséquilibre entre les flores acidogène et méthanogène. D’un point de vue biologique, il semble que c’est la concentration élevée en sels des vinasses (C=31,7 mS/cm et [K]=14 g/L), qui représenterait le frein principal au développement et à l’activité des microorganismes. L’utilisation du modèle AM2, qui distingue deux phases, acidogénèse et méthanogénèse, a mis en évidence un faible taux de croissance spécifique des archées méthanogènes. L’extraction partielle des sels par électrodialyse a permis de lever une partie de cette inhibition, tandis que leur dilution a permis, à charge organique équivalente, de diminuer le temps de séjour d’un facteur 4 sans altérer les performances de la méthanisation, ceci en diminuant les concentrations en acétate et propionate dans le digesteur. Pour permettre l’intensification du procédé, le recyclage des microorganismes dans le digesteur a été étudié et a permis d’atteindre une charge organique de 6 à 7 kg DCO/m3.j. Enfin, la caractérisation des digestats de méthanisation a permis d’envisager leurs différentes voies de traitement (évapoconcentration, séparation solide/liquide,…) et de vérifier leurs caractéristiques agronomiques.En perspective, Cristal Union envisage la construction d’un démonstrateur permettant de tester différentes configurations à l’échelle industrielle. Le traitement successif des coproduits selon leur disponibilité, les pulpes en campagne sucrière, puis les vinasses en intercampagne, est envisagé. Les phases de transition entre ces deux périodes ont été étudiées et la faisabilité d’une alimentation mixte, sans réduction de la charge, démontrée. Dans cette optique, notre choix se porterait sur des conditions de température mésophiles, plus favorables au traitement d’un produit tel que les vinasses. Un système de recyclage de la biomasse est alors indispensableThe growing international demand for energy and water constitutes a significant challenge for modern industry. Integrated in a sugar and ethanol factory, anaerobic digestion can provide an environmentally friendly solution by using organic matter co-products to provide energy that can partially cover the factory’s needs. The purpose of this doctoral thesis is the study of the anaerobic digestion of sugar beet pulps and distillery vinasses. We used a multiscale approach to achieve the two main objectives: understanding the biological phenomena involved and analyzing the technological problems that can occur in the digesters. We first demonstrated the feasibility of the anaerobic digestion of beet pulps in a continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR) without water addition. Thermophilic digestion was effective and we achieved a high degradation of pulps with satisfactory biogas yields. The thermophilic process could operate stably up to an organic loading rate of 5 to 5,9 kg VS.m-3.d-1. The biodegradability of pulps was very high and allowed to obtain a VS destruction of 88,1% with a specific methane production of 0,353 Nm3 CH4.kg-1 VS. Next, the mesophilic anaerobic digestion of vinasses revealed the limits of the CSTR process for the treatment of this high strength distillery wastewater. The maximum loading rate reached was between 2 and 3 kg COD.m-3.d-1, with a specific methane production of 0,344 Nm3 CH4.kg-1 VS. However, the accumulation of volatile fatty acid salts, even at low organic loading rates, indicated an imbalance between acidogenic and methanogenic microflora. From a biological perspective, we assumed that the high salt concentration of vinasses (up to 41,3 mS/cm) is the main obstacle to the development and activity of microorganisms, as a two-reaction model (AM2) showed low specific growth rate of methanogens. The partial extraction of salts by electrodialysis allowed to remove a part of this inhibition, while their dilution led, at equivalent organic loading rate, to the reduction of the residence time by a factor 4. This was achieved without decreasing methane yield, while also reducing concentrations of acetate and propionate in the digester. To enable process intensification, biomass recycling in the digester, after the centrifugation, was tested to compensate for their low specific growth rates; loading rates reached 7 kg COD.m-3.d-1. We subsequently put in place a strategy for digesters control, to ensure effective monitoring. Finally, we had to characterize the digestates and to consider their different treatment paths. (evapoconcentration, solid / liquid separation, ...) before final valorization. For the industrial scale up, we envisage the successive treatment of the coproducts according to their availability: pulps during the sugar campaign and then vinasses in the intercampaign. As such, we also studied the transition periods and demonstrated the feasibility of a mixed feed, without reducing the loading rate. For such a project, we would choose mesophilic temperature conditions, more favorable for the treatment of a product like vinasses. A system for biomass recycling, whose efficiency was demonstrated, must be installed when the vinasses are treated. The system needs to be compatible with the treatment of the two substrates proposed, for example centrifugation or filtration
39
Tournier, Martin. "Caractérisation et modélisation de l’habitat physique et biologique vertical des mammifères marins grands plongeurs". Thesis, La Rochelle, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LAROS018.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Les mammifères marins grands plongeurs évoluent dans un environnement tridimensionnel dans lequel les conditions physiques et biologiques varient. Les variations de ces conditions peuvent influencer leur utilisation de la dimension verticale. Les travaux de cette thèse s’appuient dans un premier temps sur le traitement du signal acoustique échantillonné par un échosondeur miniaturisé déployé sur des éléphants de mer austraux, pour apporter une caractérisation biologique inédite de la colonne d’eau. A travers ce signal acoustique ont pu être observés des organismes des niveaux trophiques intermédiaires, mais aussi des évènements d’export particulaire importants. Pour déterminer l’influence des variables environnementales dynamiques, telles que la température ou la salinité, sur la position verticale des éléphants de mer et des baleines à bec de Blainville, nous avons proposé une approche méthodologique adaptée à l’utilisation des profils environnementaux en tant que prédicteurs, et ce en utilisant des approches d’analyses fonctionnelles. En utilisant les variables collectées in situ par les éléphants de mer, il en ressort que leur profondeur de plongée est effectivement influencée par les profils environnementaux. En revanche, la prédiction de la position verticale à partir du modèle construit tend à sous-estimer la profondeur à laquelle se trouvent les animaux, notamment dans les zones marquées par une forte dynamique océanique. À l’inverse, la même approche appliquée au jeu de donnée restreint des baleines à bec et avec variables environnementales issues de modèles océanographiques, suggère l’absence d’effet des conditions environnementales sur leur utilisation de la colonne d’eau. Sous réserve de données de résolution spatio-temporelle suffisante, la méthodologie proposée pourrait permettre l’intégration de la dimension verticale dans la conception de modèles d’habitats tridimensionnelsDeep-diving mammals evolve within a tri-dimensional environment where the physical and biological conditions vary. These variations can influence their utilization of the vertical dimension. This Ph.D. thesis focuses, first, on acoustic signal analysis, the signal being sampled by a miniaturized echo-sounder deployed on southern elephant seals, and aims at biologically describing the water column. Through that acoustic signal, mid-trophic level organisms have been observed, as well as important particle export. Second, to determine the influence of dynamic environmental variables, such as temperature or salinity, on the vertical position of elephant seals and Blainville’s beaked whales, we proposed a new methodology suitable for using environmental predictors described in the form of profiles by using functional analysis approaches. When using the variables obtained in situ by elephant seals, we show that the environmental profiles influence the depth of the dives. However, the model tends to underestimate the predicted depth of animals, mainly in areas where high oceanic dynamics are observed. When using the same approach on the restricted beaked whales’ dataset, and by using environmental variables obtained from oceanographic models, we did not observe any impact of the environmental conditions on the whales’ water column use. This methodological approach could allow the integration of the vertical dimension toward the development of tri-dimensional habitat modelling under the conditions that the spatial and temporal resolutions of the dataset are adequate
40
Özel, Ali. "Simulation aux grandes échelles des lits fluidisés circulants gaz-particule". Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPT0090/document.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Les simulations numériques des équations d’Euler deux-fluides réalisé sur des maillages grossiers éliminent les structures fins d’écoulement gaz-solide dans les lits fluidisés. Pour précisément estimer l’hydrodynamique globale de lit, il faut proposer une modélisation qui prend en compte les effets de structure non-résolue. Dans ce but, les maillages sont raffinés pour obtenir le résultat de simulation pleinement résolue ce que les grandeurs statistiques ne modifient plus avec un autre raffinement pour le lit fluidisé périodique dilué gaz-particules sur une géométrie 3D cartésienne et ce résultat est utilisé pour tests "a priori". Les résultats de tests "a priori" montrent que l’équation filtrée de la quantité de mouvement est effectuée mais il faut prendre en compte le flux de la fraction volumique de solide de sous-maille en raison de l’interaction locale de la vitesse du gaz et la fraction volumique de solide pour la force traniée. Nous proposons les modèles fonctionnels et structurels pour le flux de la fraction volumique de solide de sous-maille. En plus, les modèles fermetures du tenseur de sous-maille de la phase dispersée sont similaires aux modèles classiquement utilisés en écoulement turbulent monophasique. Tous les modèles sont validés par test "a priori" et "a posteriori"Eulerian two fluid approach is generally used to simulate gas-solid flows in industrial circulating fluidized beds. Because of limitation of computational resources, simulations of large vessels are usually performed by using too coarse grid. Coarse grid simulations can not resolve fine flow scales which can play an important role in the dynamic behaviour of the beds. In particular, cancelling out the particle segregation effect of small scales leads to an inadequate modelling of the mean interfacial momentum transfer between phases and particulate shear stresses by secondary effect. Then, an appropriate modelling ac counting for influences of unresolved structures has to be proposed for coarse-grid simu-lations. For this purpose, computational grids are refined to get mesh-independent result where statistical quantities do not change with further mesh refinement for a 3-D peri-odic circulating fluidized bed. The 3-D periodic circulating fluidized is a simple academic configuration where gas-solid flow conducted with A-type particles is periodically driven along the opposite direction of the gravity. The particulate momentum and agitation equations are filtered by the volume averaging and the importance of additional terms due to the averaging procedure are investigated by budget analyses using the mesh independent result. Results show that the filtered momentum equation of phases can be computed on coarse grid simulations but sub-grid drift velocity due to the sub-grid correlation between the local fluid veloc- ity and the local particle volume fraction and particulate sub-grid shear stresses must be taken into account. In this study, we propose functional and structural models for sub- grid drift velocity, written in terms of the difference between the gas velocity-solid volume fraction correlation and the multiplication of the filtered gas velocity with the filtered solid volume fraction. Particulate sub-grid shear stresses are closed by models proposed for single turbulent flows. Models’ predictabilities are investigated by a priori tests and they are validated by coarse-grid simulations of 3-D periodic circulating, dense fluidized beds and experimental data of industrial scale circulating fluidized bed in manner of a posteriori tests
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Rapetto-Labidi, Astrid. "Etude de la délignification en continu du bois de peuplier en milieu basique : cinétique et chimie des procédés ; caractérisation des lignines extraites". Grenoble INPG, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989INPG0083.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Mise en uvre d'un procede de delignification utilisant un reacteur a lit fixe et faible temps de passage, concernant plus particulierement le traitement du bois de peuplier par les procedes a la soude, soude-anthraquinone et kraft. Dans chaque cas, l'etude cinetique fait apparaitre trois regimes distincts et confirme le role essentiel du ph. L'addition de na#2s et/ou de aq ameliore remarquablement la cinetique et la selectivite de la delignification. L'analyse des procedes montre que les reactions de recondensation de la lignine sur les fibres sont peu prononcees. Ceci permet d'obtenir plus rapidement des pates mieux delignifiees et moins degradees qu'en reacteur clos. Ce phenomene est confirme par la caracterisation chimique, spectrometrique et macromoleculaire des lignines recuperees en cours de traitement. Les resultats mettent en evidence des reactions d'hydrolyse et de degradation diverses. Ils confirment le role selectif de na#2s. Il apparait que, quel que soit le type de delignification alcaline, ces reactions de degradation sont les memes
42
Pavier, Claire. "Oxypropylation de la pulpe de betterave à sucre et utilisation des polyols obtenus pour la préparation de nouveaux matériaux polyuréthanes". Grenoble INPG, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPG0041.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
L'industrie sucriere, basee sur la betterave a sucre, donne une quantite importante de pulpe, un dechet dont il n'a pas encore ete trouve d'utilisation en tant que source de materiaux. Cette pulpe de betterave est compose essentiellement de polysaccharides et est particulierement riche en fonctions hydroxyles. Alors que l'oxypropylation de la cellulose, de la lignine et plus recemment du chitosane, aient ete etudiees, aucune investigation equivalente sur la pulpe de betterave n'a ete conduite avant ce travail. Le but de cette etude a ete de transformer un solide insoluble dans tous les solvants en un polyol liquide visqueux adapte a l'elaboration de polyurethanes apres melange avec des polyisocyanates. La premiere etape de ce travail consistait a examiner la faisabilite puis a optimiser la reaction d'oxypropylation de la pulpe de betterave a sucre. La reaction a ete menee en suspendant la pulpe dans de l'oxyde de propylene (op) en presence de differents catalyseurs basiques et en chauffant ce melange sous pression. En faisant varier differents parametres, on obtient des polyols possedants des viscosites et des indice d'oh differents. Il s'avere que ces liquides visqueux sont en fait des melanges homogenes de pulpe oxypropylee et d'homopolymeres de op. Ces polyols ont ete utilises seuls ou en combinaison avec des extenseurs de chaines (diols d'origines diverses) pour l'elaboration de polyurethanes a la fois sous forme de materiaux pleins (en utilisant le procede rim) et de mousses. Les cinetiques de ces polymerisations ainsi que la caracterisation des materiaux obtenus ont ete correlees avec la composition du melange reactionnel. Les proprietes de ces nouveaux polyurethanes suggerent que la pulpe de betterave a sucre peut constituer un dechet agroindustriel viable, base sur l'exploitation agricole d'une ressource renouvelable, pour l'elaboration de materiaux polymeres originaux.
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Huang, Deshau. "Heat transfer in a sound-assisted fluidized bed /". Diss., 2002. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3073975.
Testo completo
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Chen, Huan-Yung, e 陳冠罃. "Application of fuzzy theory to queen bee rearing and breeding monitor system with sound feature". Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/d5q3ch.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
碩士國立屏東科技大學
工業管理系所
106
The artificial rearing and breeding of the queen bee in the honey industry is a core technology of the beekeeping industry. The work of rearing and breeding of the queen bee is usually conducted once a year; it concerns the bees’ honey extraction and pollen mining performance, and it is one of the most important jobs of the beekeepers. This work will incorporate the sound sensors inside the beehives and monitor the progress of rearing and breeding the queen bees using sound at all times. This work applies the trapezoidal membership function of the fuzzy theory to monitor a system of queen bee rearing and breeding. This work would record the sound of honey collection, by using the frequency spectrum map to analyze the frequencies of not having a queen bee, the new queen bee that has not mated, and the new queen bee that has already mated. The process of rearing and breeding the queen bee in each beehive can be instantaneously monitored, in order to enhance the effectiveness of rearing and breeding the queen bee by the bees. This would help to enhance the promotion of the domestic beekeeping industry.
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"Safe and Sound: A Resource Guide for Music Theater Technique and Literature". Doctoral diss., 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.51786.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
abstract: Since its inception, the American Broadway industry has flourished and grown to include numerous vocal styles and techniques. The early twenty-first century has seen a rapid increase in demand for collegiate courses and instructors pertaining to music theater. It has therefore become necessary for voice instructors to be equally comfortable teaching both music theater and classical techniques such as bel canto. This document serves as a resource for instructors seeking more information on defining and teaching vocal styles in music theater including legit, mix, and belt. The first two chapters address the following three questions: 1) What is bel canto and how does the technique function? 2) What is music theater as a vocal style and how do colloquial terms such as legit, mix and belt function within music theater? 3) Are the technical ideas behind bel canto and music theater really that different? The third chapter offers a curriculum for a semester-long course (a hybrid between a song literature class and a performance-based seminar) called Singing Music Theater Styles: From Hammerstein to Hamilton. This course shows the rich development tracing techniques of bel canto through techniques used in contemporary music theater. This document concludes with an annotated bibliography of major sources useful to both the instructors wishing to teach this course and the performers looking to expand their knowledge of singing music theater.Dissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Music 2018
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Joseph, James Adlai. "Precision Measurement of the Sound Velocity in an Ultracold Fermi Gas Through the BEC-BCS Crossover". Diss., 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10161/2367.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
A trapped Fermi gas near a collisional resonance provides a unique laboratory for testing many-body theories in a variety of fields. The ultracold Fermi gas produced in our lab is comprised of the lowest two spin states of $^6$Li. At 834 G there is a collisional or Feshbach resonance between the two spin states. The scattering length between trapped atoms of opposing spins far exceeds the interparticle spacing of the gas. On resonance, a strongly interacting, unitary, Fermi gas is created which exhibits universal behavior. The unitary Fermi gas is a prototype for other exotic systems in nature from nuclear matter to neutron stars and high temperature superconductors.
For magnetic fields less than 834 G the scattering length is positive, and pairs Fermi atoms can form molecular dimers. These dimers, comprised of two fermions, are bosons. At ultracold temperatures the molecular bosons populate the lowest energy level and form a Bose Einstein Condensate (BEC). For magnetic fields greater than 834G the scattering length between fermions in opposing spin states is negative, like Cooper pairs formed between electrons in a superconductor. The Bardeen, Cooper, and Shriefer (BCS) theory was developed to describe the pairing effect in the context of superconductors. In our experiment we produce an ultracold unitary gas. By tuning the magnetic field to either side of the Feshbach resonance we can transform the gas into a weakly interacting BEC or BCS superfluid. Therefore, the region near a Feshbach resonance is called the BEC-BCS crossover.
This dissertation presents a precision measurement of the hydrodynamic sound velocity in an ultracold Fermi gas near a Feshbach resonance. The sound velocity is measured at various magnetic fields both above and below resonance. Moreover, we are able compare our measurements to theoretical descriptions of hydrodynamic sound propagation. Further, our measurement of sound velocity exactly reproduces the non-perturbative case, eliminating the need to consider nonlinear effects. At resonance the sound velocity exhibits universal scaling with the Fermi velocity to within 1.8\% over a factor of 30 in density. In a near zero temperature unitary gas the average sound velocity at the axial center was measured, $c(0)/v_F$ = 0.364(0.005), as well as the universal constant, $\beta$ = -0.565(0.015). The measurement of sound velocity in an ultracold gas throughout the BEC-BCS crossover provides further evidence of the continuous connection between the physics of the BEC, unitary, and BCS systems.
Dissertation
47
Kirkham, Airlie Jane. "An aural analysis of bel canto: traditions and interpretaitons as preserved through selected sound recordings". Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/65016.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
An aural analysis of bel canto: traditions and interpretations as preserved through selected sound recordings. The thesis addresses the lack of an aural appreciation of bel canto operatic traditions. Further it asserts that sound recordings are invaluable in examining aspects of improvisation and ornamentation of the melodic line that are characteristic of this tradition. A detailed aural analysis also provides valuable and unique insights into the bel canto techniques demonstrated by the performers as perceived aurally. The incentive to undertake this research from an aural perspective exclusively developed from the writer’s physical limitations. This differs from more traditional methods of research which would focus on contemporary critiques on the subject. The essence of the aural research undertaken has been to compare different recordings by different singers in various eras, and to establish the ways bel canto traditions have been preserved, maintained, nurtured and performed. The project focuses on selected operas from the nineteenth century repertoire of Gaetano Donizetti and Vincenzo Bellini. Two arias are analysed as case studies, each one examining aspects of bel canto opera from the twentieth century to the present. The first case study focuses on the soprano aria ‘Casta Diva’ from Bellini’s Norma, while the second is the tenor aria ‘Una furtiva lagrima’ from L’Elisir d’Amore by Donizetti. Each case study is documented, and includes transcribed excerpts from the chosen aria to illustrate and interpret bel canto traditions through both preserved and re-mastered recordings. Comparisons are made between different singers, describing which aspects of performance display the characteristics and qualities of bel canto. High quality sound recordings are indispensable in making an aural approach, particularly if there are no longer suitably skilled singers available to perform the works live, since it is through this medium of sound recordings, as well as live performances, that future generations can appreciate these operatic techniques. It is hoped that this thesis will contribute to a significant appreciation of the Italian bel canto tradition of the nineteenth century and the transmission of its various techniques.Thesis (M.Mus.) -- University of Adelaide, Elder Conservatorium of Music, 2010
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簡美秀. "A Role Exploration of Da Bei Zhou Sound Therapy in Compassion Repentance". Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/15242471454334477635.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
碩士佛光大學
生命與宗教學系
102
Da Bei Zhou brings people calm and joy. Every temple has Great Compassion Puja very often and has many Buddhists attend. Buddhists make themselves calm and relieved by chanting Da Bei Zhou. This phenomenon shows that this issue is very important in Buddhism. Therefore, this study will focus on the role of Da Bei Zhou in Great Compassion Puja and its sound wave influence. In literature review, the study discusses the relationship between Great Compassion Puja and Da Bei Zhou, and also tries to find out the influence of Da Bei Zhou to Great Compassion Puja and Buddhists. Besides, by studying the sound wave and therapy, the study aims to find out the function and meaning that Da Bei Zhou brings to Buddhists. After the literature review, the study uses questionnaire survey and analyzes its results. The main findings are listed as below. 1.The ritual doesn’t exist if the ritual doesn’t come with chanting. Buddhism conveys its dharma by chanting. Therefore, chanting Da Bei Zhou is one of the key elements. 2.Buddhist music therapy is not usual physical therapy. It is developed from Buddhist culture. It doesn’t cure disease with science nor medial theory. Buddhist music therapy is based on Buddhism dharma and works with spiritual practice. It’s not just physical maintenance; instead it’s more about the experience and practice of life. Based on the results above, the study suggests that we can have the public and Buddhists know Da Bei Zhou better by holding more community lectures. In that way, for people who love to attend pujas, they can purify themselves with respected spirits and the sound therapy function of Da Bei Zhou will be practiced.
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Liu, Yen-Ming, e 劉彥銘. "Simulation of the Sound Pressure Level of a Miniature Loudspeaker by Coupled BEM-FEM". Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/39566467531771946053.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
碩士逢甲大學
電聲碩士學位學程
99
As one of the crucial criteria to judge its performance, the sound-pressure-level (SPL) of a loudspeaker is mostly modeled by the equivalent-circuit method (ECM) or the finite element method (FEM). Despite the extensive applications of the ECM in this modeling, its SPL modeling at the mid-high to high frequencies, ranging about from 1k to 20k (Hz), is not so ideal due to modal splits of the membrane. On the FEM modeling, considerable amounts of computational efforts shall be required due to the 3D modeling of unsymmetrical acoustic field. For this, this has been a serious issue in the industry that pertinent researches have been endeavoring to resolve. The present research employs the approach of coupled FEM/boundary element method (BEM) to effectively improve the SPL modeling of a sample unit at the mid-high to high frequencies. The advantage of such an approach lie in incorporating the both benefits of the FEM and the BEM, considered to be effective for modeling the membrane vibration and the associated acoustic field, respectively. This coupled modeling, on one hand, adopts ANSYS to simulate the modal vibration of the membrane and, on the other hand, applies the BEM-based software, Virtual Lab, to simulate the corresponding sound field using the boundary condition (normal velocity gradients of the membrane) exported from the ANSYS analysis. For verification, the sample unit was experimented in an anechoic chamber for recording its SPL curve, followed by comparing with the simulated result. Additionally, the SPL curves at different field points with various phase angles were also experimented and simulated using the coupled approach. From the analyses and comparison, it is found that the SPL modeling by the present approach is more accurate for mid-high to high frequencies as compared with the traditional ECM approach and, moreover, more effective than the FEM modeling. This research provides a more accurate and effective approach for modeling the SPL curve of loudspeakers, based on which the engineer may tailor the loudspeaker design by reduced efforts and time. By the present approach, it is very easy to acquire the SPL of a field point of interest in space. This expedition of such simulation and analysis has laid the great potential of its application to model the overall SPL of multiple loudspeakers with various phase angles, being crucial for a pro-designed audiovisual studio or auditorium. Due to the various phase angles, the ECM cannot be applied for such modeling, and neither is the FEM due to the massive computation loads. In all, the thesis has proposed a feasible and expedient approach for accurately and effectively modeling the SPL of loudspeakers, considered to possess great potential for extensive applications in modeling a complicated electro-acoustic system.
50
Yang, Ming-Ta, e 楊明達. "Optimization of MEMS Microphone Size Parameters by BEM Sound Field Analysis and Taguchi Method". Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/14336490688670819571.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
碩士國立中山大學
機械與機電工程學系研究所
99
Since the micro-electro mechanical system microphone, MEMS microphone, has the advantages of superior sound quality, low power consumption, higher temperature resistance and anti-noise ability in used. The researchers therefore have studied the functions of MEMS microphone since 1980s. The MEMS microphones is applied as the part of 3G mobile phone in the market. Though the functions of microphone are improved by manufacturing process technique and new material designed, this study tends to provide a new, low-cost and rapid design idea to gain the performance in chamber of microphone. Taguchi method and BEASY software, which is boundary element method, are combined to evaluate the results of the design in sound field. Taguchi method is a famous method in industrial design to find out relations between system parameters and chamber size. BEASY is a tool for sound field analysis in the research. The result from Taguchi method appears the sound pressure level gain about 2.2 dB to 2.4 dB due to the change of microphone chamber size only. It is also interested in studying the optimization design for position of microphone. It is displayed that the location of port is closer to the boundary of chip will also increase about 0.3 dB to 0.6dB sound pressure level in sound field. The higher frequency of sound source will also create larger sound pressure level at two corners on the port.