Articoli di riviste: "Bats Composition"

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Kumaran, Jayaraj Vijaya, Besar Ketol, Wahap Marni, Isa Sait, Mohamad Jalani Mortada, Faisal Ali Anwarali Khan, Fong Pooi Har, Leslie S. Hall e Mohd Tajuddin Abdullah. "COMPARATIVE DISTRIBUTION AND DIVERSITY OF BATS FROM SELECTED LOCALITIES IN SARAWAK". Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology 1, n. 1 (29 giugno 2016): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/bjrst.257.2011.

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Surveys on the chiropteran diversity were conducted at eight different localities in Sarawak to document the bat diversity as well as to estimate the composition of bats in these areas. The major finding of bat surveys shows that montane areas have distinct chiropteran composition compared with those in lowland and logged areas. Disturbed habitats do pose a threat to the overall diversity of bats, with the generalist bats been more successful in colonising altered area than those with specialised habitat requirements. Sampling of bats targeted at different site and vegetation type from several protected areas in Sarawak have revealed the current record of bats in Sarawak and its diversity can be monitored for better management of biodiversity in this important region.

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Barbier, Eder, Gustavo Graciolli e Enrico Bernard. "Structure and composition of Nycteribiidae and Streblidae flies on bats along an environmental gradient in northeastern Brazil". Canadian Journal of Zoology 97, n. 5 (maggio 2019): 409–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2018-0098.

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Bats can be parasitized by several arthropod groups, including ectoparasitic flies. The high host specificity is a common phenomenon between flies and bats. In recent years, more efforts have been employed to understand how environmental variables can influence richness and parasitic load (PL). However, many gaps still need to be filled to better understand this issue. We analyzed the PL of flies on bats sampled in three environments with different rain volume and vegetation types to verify if PL is correlated with rainfall and if there are differences in the PL on bats within and between environments. Overall, there was no correlation between rainfall and PL in the same environment, nor a difference between the three environments. When tested separately, Seba’s short-tailed bats (Carollia perspicillata (Linnaeus, 1758)) had a difference in prevalence of flies between environments and flat-faced fruit-eating bats (Artibeus planirostris (Spix, 1823)) had a greater abundance of flies in the rainy season in a semiarid area. There was no difference in PL between male and female bats. Our results suggest that bat–fly interactions are driven by several factors, not only by the amount of rainfall or vegetation, and that different host species may respond differently with no obvious general pattern.

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Tiwari, Nabina, Narayan Prasad Koju, Pushpa Raj Acharya e Man Kumar Dhamala. "Diet composition of Indian flying fox (Pteropus giganteus) in Kathmandu valley". Nepal Journal of Environmental Science 7 (31 dicembre 2019): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njes.v7i0.34412.

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The composition of diet reflects the food availability and food preference by wildlife in their respective habitat. Flying fox (Pteropus giganteus) is the largest bat species that inhabit the urban area of Kathmandu Valley. The diet composition of Flying fox and their conservation threat was studied from January to April 2018. Bats roosting at Kesharmahal, Kathmandu and Sallaghari, Bhaktapur were selected for the study. The diet consumed was explored by micro-histological analysis from fresh fecal samples (guano) and bolus collected from the roost site. The samples were collected by spreading plastic sheets of 2m × 2m for a whole day. The droppings from bats were collected on 50 mL vials with 70% alcohol. Altogether 140 samples were collected. The collected droppings were used to micro histological slides where the seeds were isolated and identified using a hand lens. The pollens presence in slides were observed under the compound microscope and tallied with the reference slides for identification. Altogether 17 and 10 different plant families were identified from dropping of bats from Kesharmahal and Sallaghari, respectively. Among them, Moraceae and Myrtaceae were common diets in bats of both locations. Our result shows P. giganteus consumes food from the Myrtaceae, Brassicaceae, Malvaceae, Apiaceae, Pinaceae, Fagaceae, Proteaceae and Anacardiaceae families in Kathmandu Valley. P. giganteus mostly depend on foods present nearby the roost and also flies far away in search of food, which is comparatively minimal.

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Dietrich, Muriel, Teresa Kearney, Ernest C. J. Seamark, Janusz T. Paweska e Wanda Markotter. "Synchronized shift of oral, faecal and urinary microbiotas in bats and natural infection dynamics during seasonal reproduction". Royal Society Open Science 5, n. 5 (maggio 2018): 180041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.180041.

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Seasonal reproduction is a period of extreme physiological and behavioural changes, yet we know little about how it may affect host microbial communities (i.e. microbiota) and pathogen transmission. Here, we investigated shifts of the bacterial microbiota in saliva, urine and faeces during the seasonal reproduction of bats in South Africa, and test for an interaction in shedding patterns of both bacterial ( Leptospira ) and viral (adeno- and herpesviruses) agents. Based on a comparative approach in two cave-dwelling bat species and high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene, we demonstrated a clear signature in microbiota changes over the reproduction season, consistent across the multiple body habitats investigated, and associated with the sex, age and reproductive condition of bats. We observed in parallel highly dynamic shedding patterns for both bacteria and viruses, but did not find a significant association between viral shedding and bacterial microbiota composition. Indeed, only Leptospira shedding was associated with alterations in both the diversity and composition of the urinary microbiota. These results illustrate how seasonal reproduction in bats substantially affects microbiota composition and infection dynamics, and have broad implications for the understanding of disease ecology in important reservoir hosts, such as bats.

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Bejec, Gilbert A., Lilibeth A. Bucol, Tomas D. Reyes, Reizl P. Jose, Agustin B. Angcog, Albert C. Pagente, Josie M. Rodriguez, Anna Lee N. Bejec e Neri Fretz P. Paglinawan. "Abundance and Species Composition of Cave Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) in Selected Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs) of Central Visayas, Philippines". JURNAL ILMIAH SAINS 21, n. 1 (27 aprile 2021): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.35799/jis.21.1.2021.31238.

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This study assessed the abundance and species richness of bats (Order Chiroptera) inhabiting caves in three KBAs (Key Biodiversity Areas) of Central Visayas: Mt. Bandilaan in Siquijor (13 caves), Mabinay, Negros Oriental (11 caves), and Rajah Sikatuna Protected Landscape(RSPL) in Bohol (31 caves). The study was conducted between February 14 to September 20, 2019. Of the 55 caves surveyed, 35 caves were inhabited by bats. Field survey methods included mist-netting at the cave entrances and direct observations of roosting sites in each cave. This study captured 754 individuals of bats belonging to 16 species, majority of which are insectivorous species (13 species) and only three species are fruitbats (Pteropodidae). Mabinay caves had the highest number of species (11) and captured bats (271 individuals) while RSPL had 9 species (221 individuals) while Mt. Bandilaan only had five species but relatively high captured bats (262 individuals). Five species are Philippine endemics (Hipposideros obscurus, Hipposideros pygmaeus, Ptenochirus jagori, Rhinolophus inops, and R. rufus) and three Near-threatened species (H. lekaguli, M. schreibersii, and R. rufus). The rare bat species (Dobsonia chapmani) may be locally extirpated in Mabinay, where it last documented at Mambajo cave in the 1960s. The survey also noted the absence of fruit bats (observed in 2011 study) in all of the caves in Mt. Bandilaan, probably due to on-going anthropogenic activities (treasure hunting, bat hunting, guano extraction, land conversion, locals illegal entry, graffiti, etc) in caves surveyed. Large colonies of fruitbats and insect bats in RSPL may have been affected by anthropogenic activities inside the caves. Most of the caves surveyed have been promoted for ecotourism activities.Keywords: cave; chiropteran; extraction; karst; limestone

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Barbosa Leal, Edson Silva, Deoclécio de Queiróz Guerra Filho, Daniel de Figueiredo Ramalho, Julianne Moura da Silva, Rafael Sales Bandeira, Luiz Augustinho Menezes da Silva e Maria Adélia Borstelmann de Oliveira. "Bat Fauna (Chiroptera) in an urban environment in the Atlantic Forest, northeastern Brazil". Neotropical Biology and Conservation 14, n. 1 (11 aprile 2019): 55–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/neotropical.14.e34837.

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In Brazil, only few works have been conducted regarding urban bats and information about richness, composition and ecological interactions in urban areas is little known. Additional studies are important to understand the dynamic of urban bats and offer strategies for their protection. In this paper, we present the results of a bat inventory at the Dois Irmãos campus of UFRPE, Recife, Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil, with analyzes of the composition, richness, diversity, and seasonal variation. From May 2006 to April 2007, we captured 950 bats from 16 species (five families). Frugivores bats accounted for 84.42% of the captures, followed by insectivores, piscivorous, nectarivores, omnivores, and hematophages. The species Artibeus planirostris was the most abundant. There was no significant difference (t = 0.35443, p = 0.7257) on abundance between the seasons of the year. We observed a richer and more diverse bat fauna as one would expect in an urban area, which suggests that the campus is being used for foraging, commuting, or as shelters for these animals.

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Hanadhita, Desrayni, Anisa Rahma, Muhammad R. Wahid, Ni Luh Putu I. Mayasari, Aryani S. Satyaningtijas, Eiichi Hondo e Srihadi Agungpriyono. "Extracellular matrix composition of different spleen compartments of fruit bats". Anatomia, Histologia, Embryologia 49, n. 2 (marzo 2020): 281–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ahe.12526.

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Emerson, Justin K., e Alison M. Roark. "Composition of guano produced by frugivorous, sanguivorous, and insectivorous bats". Acta Chiropterologica 9, n. 1 (aprile 2007): 261–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3161/1733-5329(2007)9[261:cogpbf]2.0.co;2.

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Simmons, James A., Prestor A. Saillant, Janine M. Wotton, Tim Haresign, Michael J. Ferragamo e Cynthia F. Moss. "Composition of biosonar images for target recognition by echolocating bats". Neural Networks 8, n. 7-8 (gennaio 1995): 1239–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0893-6080(95)00059-3.

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Chattopadhyay, Balaji, Kritika M. Garg, Rajasri Ray, Ian H. Mendenhall e Frank E. Rheindt. "Novel de Novo Genome of Cynopterus brachyotis Reveals Evolutionarily Abrupt Shifts in Gene Family Composition across Fruit Bats". Genome Biology and Evolution 12, n. 4 (15 febbraio 2020): 259–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evaa030.

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Abstract Major novel physiological or phenotypic adaptations often require accompanying modifications at the genic level. Conversely, the detection of considerable contractions and/or expansions of gene families can be an indicator of fundamental but unrecognized physiological change. We sequenced a novel fruit bat genome (Cynopterus brachyotis) and adopted a comparative approach to reconstruct the evolution of fruit bats, mapping contractions and expansions of gene families along their evolutionary history. Despite a radical change in life history as compared with other bats (e.g., loss of echolocation, large size, and frugivory), fruit bats have undergone surprisingly limited change in their genic composition, perhaps apart from a potentially novel gene family expansion relating to telomere protection and longevity. In sharp contrast, within fruit bats, the new Cynopterus genome bears the signal of unusual gene loss and gene family contraction, despite its similar morphology and lifestyle to two other major fruit bat lineages. Most missing genes are regulatory, immune-related, and olfactory in nature, illustrating the diversity of genomic strategies employed by bats to contend with responses to viral infection and olfactory requirements. Our results underscore that significant fluctuations in gene family composition are not always associated with obvious examples of novel physiological and phenotypic adaptations but may often relate to less-obvious shifts in immune strategies.

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Fleming, Theodore H., Scott Richardson e Emily H. Scobie. "“Free” food: nectar bats at hummingbird feeders in southern Arizona". Journal of Mammalogy 102, n. 4 (29 maggio 2021): 1128–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyab054.

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Abstract We report the results of an 11-year (2008–2018) community science project (also known as citizen science) designed to document the use of hummingbird feeders by two species of nectar-feeding bats, the lesser long-nosed bat (Leptonycteris yerbabuenae) and the Mexican long-tongued bat (Choeronycteris mexicana), in the Tucson area of southern Arizona. From 50 to > 100 households participated in this project each year. We supplemented their reports with occasional mist-netting of bats at 21 observer sites to determine age and sex composition of bats at feeders. Our results indicate that L. yerbabuenae was more widespread and common at feeders than C. mexicana, which occurred mainly at sites close to mountains. In the Tucson area, the geographic extent of feeder visitations by bats, mostly L. yerbabuenae, expanded since 2007 and by 2018, covered most of the city and its suburbs. Most bats of both species visited feeders between late August and late October with little year-to-year variation in timing; some individuals of both species continued to visit feeders during winter. The number of bats observed at many sites during September (the month of peak visitations) was relatively stable for at least 10 years; modal numbers of nightly visitors per site in most years was 6 – 10 bats. Capture data indicated that L. yerbabuenae that visited feeders in the Tucson area were not a random sample of the species’ age and sex composition in southeastern Arizona, where their food plants are located in late summer and fall. In Tucson, most bats visiting feeders were subadult females (juveniles and yearlings). We suggest that hummingbird feeders have substantially increased food availability for nectar bats in southern Arizona prior to their migration south into Mexico. However, reasons for the increased use of feeders by L. yerbabuenae, particularly subadult females, beginning in 2007 are not yet clear.

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Long, Brenna L., e Allen Kurta. "Activity and diet of bats in conventional versus organic apple orchards in southern Michigan". Canadian Field-Naturalist 128, n. 2 (6 luglio 2014): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v128i2.1580.

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Organic farming practices have been suggested as a conservation strategy that can provide productive foraging sites for insectivorous bats in agricultural areas. We tested the hypothesis that the number and diversity of insects captured and the resulting activity and diet of bats would differ between organic and conventional apple orchards. During the summer of 2009 and 2010, we captured 131 Big Brown Bats (Eptesicus fuscus) and five Eastern Red Bats (Lasiurus borealis) by mist netting in four organic and four conventional orchards in Michigan. Acoustic monitoring revealed that most calls (59%) were produced by Big Brown Bats, followed by Hoary Bats (L. cinereus), Eastern Red Bats, and unidentified species of Myotis. Most insects (96%) captured in light traps were Coleoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, Lepidoptera, and Trichoptera; fecal analysis indicated that Coleoptera dominated the diet of Big Brown Bats (79% by volume), followed by Diptera (14%). There were no significant differences between organic and conventional orchards in number of insects captured with light traps, bats captured with mist nets, acoustic recordings of bats, or proportion of Coleoptera and Diptera consumed by the bats. However, the taxonomic composition of captured insects and acoustic recordings was not homogenous among orchards in either group, suggesting that factors other than farming practices were more important in determining which insects and bats were found in the small orchards typical of southern Michigan.

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Menzel, Michael A., Timothy C. Carter, Brian R. Chapman e Joshua Laerm. "Quantitative comparison of tree roosts used by red bats (Lasiurus borealis) and Seminole bats (L. seminolus)". Canadian Journal of Zoology 76, n. 4 (1 aprile 1998): 630–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z97-234.

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We radio-tracked 11 red bats (Lasiurus borealis) and 5 Seminole bats (L. seminolus) to 64 and 34 day roosts, respectively. Individuals of both species were found roosting within the canopy of the roost trees, clinging to leaf petioles or the tips of small branches (<4 cm in diameter). Red bats roosted primarily in hardwoods (97%), whereas the roosts of Seminole bats were located primarily in pines (94%). Ten of the 16 roost-site variables examined differed significantly between red bats and Seminole bats: number of trees in the overstory, overstory height, understory richness and diversity, overstory richness, diversity, and evenness, roost-tree diameter, percent canopy closure, and percentage of conifers in the overstory. These differences were related directly to the differential use of roosting habitats by the two species. The roosts of red bats were located in pine - mixed hardwood communities and bottomland hardwood swamps, while the roosts of Seminole bats were located in communities dominated by pines. To examine within-stand roost selection, the diameter, height, and species composition of roost trees used by red and Seminole bats were compared with those of neighboring trees. Roost trees of red and Seminole bats had significantly larger diameters and were significantly taller than surrounding trees. Day roosts of red and Seminole bats were located in 18 and 5 tree species, respectively. The tree species used differed significantly from expected for the red bat but not for the Seminole bat.

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Juste B, Javier, e Carlos Iba�ez. "Bats of the Gulf of Guinea islands: faunal composition and origins". Biodiversity and Conservation 3, n. 9 (1994): 837–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00129662.

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Herrera, J. M., P. Costa, D. Medinas, J. T. Marques e A. Mira. "Community composition and activity of insectivorous bats in Mediterranean olive farms". Animal Conservation 18, n. 6 (20 maggio 2015): 557–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/acv.12209.

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Milne, Damian J., Chris J. Burwell e Chris R. Pavey. "Dietary composition of insectivorous bats of the Top End of Australia". Australian Mammalogy 38, n. 2 (2016): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am15044.

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Diet and, more broadly, trophic ecology is an important aspect of microbat ecology that provides valuable information on how species interact and persist within the environment. In this study, we assessed the trophic ecology of a microbat assemblage in the wet–dry tropics of northern Australia. On the basis of analysis of stomach and faecal contents, we assessed 23 species representing seven families, including three species (Taphozous kapalgensis, Nyctophilus arnhemensis and Pipistrellus adamsi) for which no previous dietary data are available. Insects were the principal food source of all species in the Top End microbat assemblage. For foraging guilds, a higher percentage of Orthoptera and Coleoptera were present in species from the ‘Uncluttered’ guild whereas a higher percentage of Lepidoptera were taken by bats in the ‘Background clutter’ and ‘Highly cluttered’ guilds. However, there was considerable overlap between microbat diets irrespective of foraging strategy.

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Zarazúa-Carbajal, Mariana, Luis Daniel Avila-Cabadilla, Mariana Yólotl Alvarez-Añorve, Julieta Benítez-Malvido e Kathryn E. Stoner. "Importance of riparian habitat for frugivorous bats in a tropical dry forest in western Mexico". Journal of Tropical Ecology 33, n. 1 (20 dicembre 2016): 74–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467416000572.

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Abstract:Riparian forests (RF) provide shelter, feeding resources and commuting areas and are fundamental for local fauna during long drought periods in tropical dry forests. Nevertheless, information regarding vertebrate ecology in tropical RF is scarce. The studies of bats in riparian habitats have been mostly focused on insectivorous assemblages in non-tropical regions. We contrasted the occurrence of frugivorous bats between RF and upland dry forest (UDF) in a Neotropical dry forest region and evaluated how vegetation structure modulates frugivorous bat presence and abundance. We sampled bat ensembles and vegetation structure in three UDF and three RF sites in Jalisco, Mexico. Bat ensembles and populations were analysed with generalized linear models, including as independent factors: (1) habitat and (2) vegetation attributes. In 72 nights we captured 840 bats belonging to seven species. No effect of habitat type or vegetation structure on species richness was found, but habitat type did affect bat species composition and abundance. Moreover, vegetation structural traits affected frugivorous bat abundance. Frugivore abundance was higher in RF than in UDF probably because RF provides greater resources and more roosting sites. Riparian forests also present more canopy cover and accessible flight spaces. Our results support the importance of RF for frugivorous bats in terms of abundance and composition. Additionally, the lack of differences in species richness between UDF and RF highlights the importance of both habitats for maintaining frugivorous bats, as well as the related ecosystem processes and services in tropical dry forest landscapes.

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Martínez-Ferreira, Sergio Ramón, Mariana Yolotl Alvarez-Añorve, Angel E. Bravo-Monzón, Cristina Montiel-González, Jose Israel Flores-Puerto, Sharon Patricia Morales-Díaz, Xavier Chiappa-Carrara, Ken Oyama e Luis Daniel Avila-Cabadilla. "Taxonomic and Functional Diversity and Composition of Bats in a Regenerating Neotropical Dry Forest". Diversity 12, n. 9 (31 agosto 2020): 332. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12090332.

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This study evaluated the response of bat communities, from a taxonomic and functional perspective, to variation in the vegetation and landscape attributes produced by anthropogenic activities. We characterized the following: (1) the community of phyllostomid and mormoopid bats associated with the initial successional stages of a tropical dry forest, (2) the response of these communities to the variation in the attributes of the vegetation and the landscape, and (3) how the seasonality modulates such response. This allowed us to identify potential mechanisms underlying the response of bat communities to human disturbance. Our results showed that the species negatively affected by the anthropoghenic disturbance are those with greater body mass, larger nose-leaves, or a lower wing aspect ratio and relative wing loading, which perform low-speed flights and have high maneuverability and, potentially, a high directionality in their emissions. We also detected a greater sensitivity of bats to changes in the landscape attributes regarding the riparian than the dry forest, and that the effect of anthropic transformation on bats was intensified during the dry season. Then, the continued loss of the original vegetation can lead to a loss of certain groups of bat species in neotropical landscapes, reducing the resilience of the system.

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RIVERA-GARCÍA, KARINA D., CÉSAR A. SANDOVAL-RUIZ, ROMEO A. SALDAÑA-VÁZQUEZ e JORGE E. SCHONDUBE. "The effects of seasonality on host–bat fly ecological networks in a temperate mountain cave". Parasitology 144, n. 5 (12 dicembre 2016): 692–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182016002390.

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SUMMARYChanges in the specialization of parasite–host interactions will be influenced by variations in host species composition. We evaluated this hypothesis by comparing the composition of bats and bat flies within a roost cave over one annual. Five bat and five bat fly species occupied the cave over the course of the study. Bat species composition was 40% different in the rainy season compared with the dry–cold and dry–warm seasons. Despite the incorporation of three new bat species into the cave during the rainy season, bat fly species composition was not affected by seasonality, since the bats that arrived in the rainy season only contributed one new bat fly species at a low prevalence. Bat–bat fly ecological networks were less specialized in the rainy season compared with the dry–cold and dry–warm seasons because of the increase of host overlap among bat fly species during this season. This study suggests that seasonality promote: (1) differences in host species composition, and (2) a reduction in the specialization of host–parasite ecological networks.

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Oprea, M., CEL Esbérard, TB Vieira, P. Mendes, VT Pimenta, D. Brito e AD Ditchfield. "Bat community species richness and composition in a restinga protected area in Southeastern Brazil". Brazilian Journal of Biology 69, n. 4 (novembre 2009): 1073–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842009000500010.

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In Brazil, restingas are under severe human-induced impacts resulting in habitat degradation and loss and remain one of the less frequently studied ecosystems. The main objectives of the present study are to describe the bat community in a restinga in Paulo Cesar Vinha State Park, Guarapari municipality, state of Espírito Santo, southeastern Brazil. Fieldwork was conducted twice a month from August 2004 to September 2005. A total sampling effort of 40,300 m²/h, represents the largest sampling effort for sampling bats in restingas to date. Bats were sampled in five different vegetational types in the area. Captured bats were processed recording information on species, sex, age, forearm length and weight. Shannon Diversity and Jaccard indexes were used to analyse diversity and similarity among habitats in the Park. A total of 554 captures belonging to 14 species and two families were obtained. Noctilio leporinus was recorded through direct observation and an ultra-sound detector also registered the presence of individuals from the family Molossidae, without being possible to distinguish it at specific level. Frugivores were the most representative guild. Richness was higher in Clusia shrubs (11 species) and Caraís lagoon (10 species). Shannon diversity index was estimated at H' = 1.43 for the overall sample, with Caraís lagoon representing the most diverse habitat (H' = 1.60). The greater similarity (J = 0.714) was observed for the two areas under high human influence.

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Faustino, Camila de Lima, Rosa Maria Dias, Silvia Regina Ferreira e Henrique Ortêncio Filho. "Frugivorous bat (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) community structure and trophic relations in Atlantic Forest fragments". Acta Scientiarum. Biological Sciences 43 (22 aprile 2021): e52030. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actascibiolsci.v43i1.52030.

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We evaluated the structure of a community of frugivorous bats using composition and abundance patterns, niche amplitude and food overlap of these animals in four Atlantic Forest fragments, each one exposed to different conservation realities. For twelve months, we captured six bat species and found the seeds of 13 species of pioneering plants in 158 fecal samples. The most abundant bat species were Artibeus planirostris (25.4%), Artibeus lituratus (24.1%) and Carollia perspicillata (23.9%). Only one fragment (Fazenda Unida), the most conserved area, exhibited a significantly different composition and abundance of species. We found low trophic niche amplitude values (<0.60), associated to high food overlaps. Our results suggest that bats can adjust their foraging strategy to deal with food availability variations. By favoring pioneering plant species, the fragmentation process noted of the studied areas creates an attractive environment for bats more tolerant to this type of disturbance. The sampled areas represent important secondary forest remnants in southern Brazil that require attention to avoid an even greater loss of bat diversity.

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Ghanem, Simon J., Hans Ruppert, Thomas H. Kunz e Christian C. Voigt. "Frugivorous bats drink nutrient- and clay-enriched water in the Amazon rain forest: support for a dual function of mineral-lick visits". Journal of Tropical Ecology 29, n. 1 (gennaio 2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467412000740.

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Abstract:In Central Amazonia, large mammals create water-filled puddles when consuming soil. These mineral licks are visited by pregnant and lactating frugivorous bats; possibly for two reasons. Frugivorous bats could supplement their mineral-depleted fruit diet by drinking salty water, or they could buffer dietary plant secondary compounds by consuming soil. We analysed bat fruits from Ecuador and showed that they are depleted in elemental concentrations (Na, K, P) compared with similar fruits collected from Costa Rica, where no mineral licks occur (n = 32). Analyses of water from Ecuador revealed that water samples from six mineral licks contained more physiologically relevant elements (Na, K, Mg, Ca) than four samples from river and stream water control sites (Mann–WhitneyU-test). In support of the nutrient supplement hypothesis, we observed bats drinking mineral-enriched water at these licks (video observation). Furthermore, blood collected from 68 bats differed in composition with respect to physiologically relevant minerals (Na, K, Mg, Fe) from that of frugivorous bats captured at control sites. To test whether frugivorous bats also consumed clay for detoxification, we checked for soil tracer elements in 31 faecal samples. Soil tracers are insoluble in water and, thus, are not included in a strict fruit diet. Bats from mineral licks showed higher aluminium soil tracer concentrations in their faeces than bat species that never visit licks, suggesting that frugivorous bats take up clay material at mineral licks. Our results provide evidence that frugivorous bats ingest soluble mineral nutrients and insoluble soil by consuming soil-enriched water at mineral licks, thus supporting the hypothesis that frugivorous bats of western Amazonia may derive a dual benefit from drinking water from mineral licks.

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Price, E. R., L. P. McGuire, M. B. Fenton e C. G. Guglielmo. "Flight muscle carnitine palmitoyl transferase activity varies with substrate chain length and unsaturation in the hoary bat (Lasiurus cinereus)". Canadian Journal of Zoology 92, n. 2 (febbraio 2014): 173–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2013-0141.

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Fat is an important fuel for bats to support high metabolic rates in extended periods of flight. The fatty acid composition of adipose stores could affect whole animal exercise performance, as fatty acids vary in rates of mobilization and oxidation. A key step in the fatty acid oxidation pathway is transporting fatty acids from the cytosol into mitochondria, mediated by the enzyme carnitine palmitoyl transferase (CPT). Therefore, understanding the substrate preference patterns of CPT in bats is important for interpreting the consequences of adipose fatty acid profiles. We measured CPT activity with eight different fatty acyl CoA substrates (16:0, 16:1ω7, 18:0, 18:1ω9, 18:2ω6, 18:3ω3, 20:4ω6, and 22:6ω3) in the pectoralis muscle of migrating and nonmigrating hoary bats (Lasiurus cinereus (Beauvois, 1796)). The pattern of substrate preference was similar to the patterns previously reported for birds and rats and was not affected by migration. Generally, activity increased with the number of double bonds and was higher with 16 carbon fatty acids compared with 18 carbon fatty acids. Given the observed substrate variation in CPT activity, there is no evidence to suggest that recently reported seasonal changes in the adipose fatty acid composition of migrating hoary bats would lead to increased lipid oxidation rate, and may instead be a consequence of seasonal shifts in diet.

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Luszcz, Tanya M. J., e Robert M. R. Barclay. "Influence of forest composition and age on habitat use by bats in southwestern British Columbia". Canadian Journal of Zoology 94, n. 2 (febbraio 2016): 145–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2015-0167.

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Habitat use by bats in forests varies with environmental variables, clutter, and prey availability, but few studies have looked at habitat use as a function of forest composition and forest age across a range of elevations. We examined factors influencing habitat use of forest-dwelling bats in southwestern British Columbia using ultrasonic detection. We measured activity of three bat foraging guilds in four forest types and three age classes from May to August 2000 and 2001. Habitat use varied with forest composition and stand age, but not always as we predicted. Activity of open-habitat foragers (large bats) was greatest in higher elevation forests and in young forests. In contrast, activity of the long-eared myotis (Myotis evotis (H. Allen, 1864)), a gleaner, was greater in lower elevation black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa Torr. & A. Gray ex Hook.) and cedar–hemlock stands. Myotis evotis activity also increased with increasing forest age. Activity of edge and gap insectivores (genus Myotis Kaup, 1829) was greater in black cottonwood stands and old Interior Douglas-fir stands than in other forest types. The probability of detecting foraging Myotis was highest in black cottonwood stands. Myotis activity did not show a clear pattern with forest age. Our results demonstrate the importance of black cottonwood riparian forests to foraging Myotis, as well as the importance of older, low-elevation forests.

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Lang, Carol J., Anthony D. Postle, Sandra Orgeig, Fred Possmayer, Wolfgang Bernhard, Amiya K. Panda, Klaus D. Jürgens, William K. Milsom, Kaushik Nag e Christopher B. Daniels. "Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine is not the major surfactant phospholipid species in all mammals". American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 289, n. 5 (novembre 2005): R1426—R1439. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00496.2004.

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Pulmonary surfactant, a complex mixture of lipids and proteins, lowers the surface tension in terminal air spaces and is crucial for lung function. Within an animal species, surfactant composition can be influenced by development, disease, respiratory rate, and/or body temperature. Here, we analyzed the composition of surfactant in three heterothermic mammals (dunnart, bat, squirrel), displaying different torpor patterns, to determine: 1) whether increases in surfactant cholesterol (Chol) and phospholipid (PL) saturation occur during long-term torpor in squirrels, as in bats and dunnarts; 2) whether surfactant proteins change during torpor; and 3) whether PL molecular species (molsp) composition is altered. In addition, we analyzed the molsp composition of a further nine mammals (including placental/marsupial and hetero-/homeothermic contrasts) to determine whether phylogeny or thermal behavior determines molsp composition in mammals. We discovered that like bats and dunnarts, surfactant Chol increases during torpor in squirrels. However, changes in PL saturation during torpor may not be universal. Torpor was accompanied by a decrease in surfactant protein A in dunnarts and squirrels, but not in bats, whereas surfactant protein B did not change in any species. Phosphatidylcholine (PC)16:0/16:0 is highly variable between mammals and is not the major PL in the wombat, dunnart, shrew, or Tasmanian devil. An inverse relationship exists between PC16:0/16:0 and two of the major fluidizing components, PC16:0/16:1 and PC16:0/14:0. The PL molsp profile of an animal species is not determined by phylogeny or thermal behavior. We conclude that there is no single PL molsp composition that functions optimally in all mammals; rather, surfactant from each animal is unique and tailored to the biology of that animal.

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Willcox, Emma, William Giuliano, Lauren Watine, Daniel Mills e Michael Andreu. "Forest Structure and Composition Affect Bats in a Tropical Evergreen Broadleaf Forest". Forests 8, n. 9 (29 agosto 2017): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f8090317.

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27

O'Shea, Thomas J., Paul M. Cryan, E. Apple Snider, Ernest W. Valdez, Laura E. Ellison e Daniel J. Neubaum. "Bats of Mesa Verde National Park, Colorado: Composition, Reproduction, and Roosting Habits". Monographs of the Western North American Naturalist 5, n. 1 (gennaio 2011): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3398/042.005.0101.

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28

Wilde, Colin J., Christopher H. Knight e Paul A. Racey. "Influence of torpor on milk protein composition and secretion in lactating bats". Journal of Experimental Zoology 284, n. 1 (15 giugno 1999): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-010x(19990615)284:1<35::aid-jez6>3.0.co;2-z.

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29

Studier, Eugene H., Steven H. Sevick e Don E. Wilson. "Proximate, caloric, nitrogen and mineral composition of bodies of some tropical bats". Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology 109, n. 3 (novembre 1994): 601–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0300-9629(94)90199-6.

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30

ESTRADA, ALEJANDRO, e ROSAMOND COATES-ESTRADA. "Species composition and reproductive phenology of bats in a tropical landscape at Los Tuxtlas, Mexico". Journal of Tropical Ecology 17, n. 5 (settembre 2001): 627–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026646740100147x.

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Abstract (sommario):

The structure, composition and reproductive phenology of a bat assemblage were investigated in the tropical region of Los Tuxtlas, Mexico. A 90-km2 landscape, originally occupied by rain forest, consisted of forest fragments and natural corridors of vegetation surrounded by pasturelands. Artificial strips of vegetation also were present as live fences. Bats were sampled with mist nets set at ground level in 52 forest fragments, three corridors, nine shaded plantations, six unshaded plantations and three live fences. We sampled each site twice, each time for a 5-h period for two consecutive nights. Bats were captured and released and the species identity and reproductive condition of adult females were recorded. Annual fruiting phenology and fruit production was measured with fruit traps in a forest site in three 500 × 20-m transects. We captured 4799 bats of 39 species. At forest sites we recorded 97% of the species and captured 44% of the bats. In corridors we captured 76% of the species and 16% of the total individuals. In the plantations we captured 71% of the species and 32% of the individuals. In the live fences we captured 32% of the species and 8% of the individuals. Three species, Pteronotus parnelli, Carollia brevicauda and Glossophaga soricina, accounted for 52% of all bat captures. Fruit-eating species and fruit-eating insectivores accounted for 65% of captures. Fleshy fruits were available year-round, but a seasonal pattern was evident. Presence of lactating females seemed to be associated, in general, with rainfall and fruiting seasonality, but individual species displayed different patterns ranging from aseasonal polyoestry to seasonal bimodal polyoestry, seasonal polyoestry and seasonal monoestry. Despite extensive fragmentation of the original rain forest, a species-rich bat assemblage still exists in the landscape studied. Short distances among remaining forest fragments and man-made habitats seem to facilitate persistence and reproductive connectivity among members of this bat assemblage.

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Sperr, Ellen B., Luis Antonio Caballero-Martínez, Rodrigo A. Medellin e Marco Tschapka. "Seasonal changes in species composition, resource use and reproductive patterns within a guild of nectar-feeding bats in a west Mexican dry forest". Journal of Tropical Ecology 27, n. 2 (1 febbraio 2011): 133–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467410000714.

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Abstract (sommario):

Abstract:Seasonal changes in resource use and reproduction within a guild of nectar-feeding phyllostomid bats were studied between 2002 and 2004 in a west Mexican dry forest using mist-net captures and diet analysis over 82 nights during both dry and wet seasons. The local guild consisted of three resident species,Glossophaga soricina,Leptonycteris yerbabuenae,Musonycteris harrisoni, and ofAnoura geoffroyi, which was mostly captured during the wet season. The proportion ofL. yerbabuenaefemales more than doubled during the dry season. Diet was accessed by identifying the pollen collected from the bats' bodies and by analysis of faecal material. Bats used at least 28 different nectar plants over the year. In the dry season, 91.9% of all bats carried pollen while only 54.6% did so in the wet season. Bat individuals used the highest number of plant species during the dry season, mainly the cactusPachycereus pecten-aboriginum, various Bombacaceae and the CapparaceaeCleome spinosa. Niche overlap was higher in the dry season than in the wet season.Musonycteris harrisoniandLeptonycteris yerbabuenaeshowed the largest overlap and both relied heavily on cactus flowers, whereasG. soricinasupplemented its nectar diet with fruits. While reproductive females of most species were found only in the flower-rich dry season,G. soricinashowed a bimodal reproductive pattern.

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32

Magloire, Niamien Coffi Jean, Kadjo Blaise, Koné Kéassemon Cédessia Hervé e N’Goran Kouakou Eliézer. "Ressources Alimentaires De Eidolon helvum (Kerr, 1792), Espece Proche De La Menace (Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire)". European Scientific Journal, ESJ 13, n. 3 (31 gennaio 2017): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.v13n3p182.

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Abstract (sommario):

Food resources of the straw-colored fruit bats Eidolon helvum (Kerr, 1792), a near-threaned species in Abidjan-Plateau were studied from August 2007 to July 2008. Faeces collection under sleeping trees and direct observations were made in order to access qualitative composition and temporal distribution of food resources of Eidolon helvum. Results show that 16 species of plants grouped into eight families and classified in three categories of plant organs were exploited by these bats. Among them, three species of plants appeared for the first time in the diet of the frugivorous bats in Côte d’Ivoire. Fruit food resources were most abundant (83%) and fruits of Ficus genus were dominant (45%). The distribution of food resources varied with the season.

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33

Genter, David, e Lee Metzgar. "Survey of the Bat Species and their Habitat use in Grand Teton National Park". UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 9 (1 gennaio 1985): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.1985.2487.

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Until recently, little attention has been directed to the bat fauna of GTNP. The role of bats in ecosystems is more significant than previously thought. Also, the public's awareness of bats is growing and as part of routine interpretive needs, the NPS must have factual information on all animals in the Park. A baseline survey was conducted to determine species composition, distribution, abundance, and habitat use of bats in Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming. The principal objectives are: 1. Obtain information on species occurrence and distribution within the Park; 2. Assess the population status for bat species present; 3. Identify rare species in the Park and identify management needs to ensure the viability of these species in GTNP; and 4. Evaluate potential conflicts with human activities.

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34

Messer, Michael, e Kerryn Parry-Jones. "Milk Composition in the Grey-headed Flying-fox, Pteropus poliocephalus (Pteropodidae : Chiroptera)". Australian Journal of Zoology 45, n. 1 (1997): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo96052.

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Milk samples from 11 captive flying-foxes were collected at various times during lactation from 5 to 139 days post partum and analysed for protein, carbohydrate, total solids and ash. In addition, samples from 14 free-living animals, collected on a single occasion, were analysed. No significant changes in milk composition were observed during lactation in the captive bats except for a small increase in protein and a small decrease in carbohydrate concentration late in lactation. The milk from captive bats contained less protein and total solids than that from free-living animals (mean values: protein, 2·59 and 3·64%, repectively; total solids, 11·1 and 12·7%, repectively) but there was no significant difference with repect to the carbohydrate (6·13 and 6·44%, respectively). The fat content, estimated from the total solids by difference, was low (1·9 and 2·2%, respectively) in both captive and free-living animals. The results are compared with previously published values for milk composition in Chiroptera and are discussed in the context of nursing behaviour and diet in captive and free-living flying-foxes.

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35

Nkrumah, Evans Ewald, Heather Joan Baldwin, Ebenezer Kofi Badu, Priscilla Anti, Peter Vallo, Stefan Klose, Elisabeth Klara Viktoria Kalko, Samuel Kingsley Oppong e Marco Tschapka. "Diversity and Conservation of Cave-Roosting Bats in Central Ghana". Tropical Conservation Science 14 (gennaio 2021): 194008292110346. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/19400829211034671.

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Abstract (sommario):

Background Ghana is one of the six bat diversity hotspots on the African continent, yet its caves have not been fully explored for the bats they host. Research Aims We aimed to assess the species composition and diversity of five caves in central Ghana and identified those needing immediate conservation attention. Methods Using mist-nets, we captured bats over 102 full nights between October 2010 and July 2012 from the Upper Guinean forest and Savannah regions in central Ghana. Results A total of 10,226 bats belonging to nine species were recorded. PERMANOVA suggested significant variation in species composition among the caves. A SIMPER analysis revealed Coleura afra and Hipposideros jonesi to be the main discriminating species between caves, with a dominance of Hipposideros cf. ruber in all caves. The Bat Cave Vulnerability Index (BCVI) revealed Mframabuom cave from the Upper Guinean forest region as a high priority cave hosting threatened species, yet highly disturbed. The remaining caves were identified as medium priority caves. Conclusion The results of the study suggest the need for further research and an immediate conservation strategy as essential for approaching national conservation goals.

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Hardmeier, Isabelle, Nadja Aeberhard, Weihong Qi, Katja Schoenbaechler, Hubert Kraettli, Jean-Michel Hatt, Cornel Fraefel e Jakub Kubacki. "Metagenomic analysis of fecal and tissue samples from 18 endemic bat species in Switzerland revealed a diverse virus composition including potentially zoonotic viruses". PLOS ONE 16, n. 6 (16 giugno 2021): e0252534. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252534.

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Many recent disease outbreaks in humans had a zoonotic virus etiology. Bats in particular have been recognized as reservoirs to a large variety of viruses with the potential to cross-species transmission. In order to assess the risk of bats in Switzerland for such transmissions, we determined the virome of tissue and fecal samples of 14 native and 4 migrating bat species. In total, sequences belonging to 39 different virus families, 16 of which are known to infect vertebrates, were detected. Contigs of coronaviruses, adenoviruses, hepeviruses, rotaviruses A and H, and parvoviruses with potential zoonotic risk were characterized in more detail. Most interestingly, in a ground stool sample of a Vespertilio murinus colony an almost complete genome of a Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was detected by Next generation sequencing and confirmed by PCR. In conclusion, bats in Switzerland naturally harbour many different viruses. Metagenomic analyses of non-invasive samples like ground stool may support effective surveillance and early detection of viral zoonoses.

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37

Ragusa-Netto, J., e A. A. Santos. "Seed rain generated by bats under Cerrado’s pasture remnant trees in a Neotropical savanna". Brazilian Journal of Biology 75, n. 4 suppl 1 (24 novembre 2015): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.22813.

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Abstract In this study we described the seed rain generated by bats under four Cerrado’s tree species common within pastures, Buchenavia tomentosa, Couepia grandiflora, Licania humilis and Qualea grandiflora. We analyzed the similarity among the four tree species in terms of seed rain composition, and compared the number of seeds and seed species deposited under them. Besides that, we assessed the relationship between seed rain intensity and the density of each tree species. Then, we randomly selected 10 mature trees of each species to sample seed rain. We recorded a total of 4892 bat dispersed seeds from 11 species. Also, we observed that along the year seed deposition varied substantially under all trees. At least two seed sub-communities could be distinguished according to tree species used by bats as feeding roost. One related to Couepia grandiflora and Licania humilis, and the other to Buchenavia tomentosa and Qualea grandiflora trees. The variability of seed rain composition in any particular tree and the range of actual seed fall into a particular species indicate patchiness in seed rain, and the overall results appear to be consistent in terms of a substantial and diverse seed rain generated by bats in a highly anthropized landscape. This is the first study concerning seed dispersal by bats in modified Brazilian Cerrado, one of the most endangered biomes in the world. In this respect, by preserving a dense and diverse collection of remnant trees within today's pastures may, potentially, contribute to a faster Cerrado recovery in extensive areas that can be reclaimed for restoration in the future.

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Haave-Audet, Elène, Doris Audet, Michelle Monge-Velazquez, Eleanor Flatt e Andrew Whitworth. "Unexpected Diversity in Regenerating Sites Stresses the Importance of Baselines: A Case Study With Bats (Order Chiroptera) on the Osa Peninsula, Costa Rica". Tropical Conservation Science 14 (gennaio 2021): 194008292110281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/19400829211028118.

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Abstract (sommario):

Introduction: Background and Research Aims: Assessing biodiversity recovery is key to determine whether the objectives of habitat restoration for conservation are met. Many restoration initiatives use cross-sectional comparisons of wildlife communities to infer restoration impact instead of longitudinal assessments from a baseline state. Using an indicator of biodiversity in the neotropics— bats— we demonstrate how assessing community diversity and composition in an area targeted for restoration prior to implementation, and when compared to surrounding intact forest, provides the groundwork to track changes in the community post-restoration. Methods We assessed bat communities by 1) using mist-net surveys to identify species in the family Phyllostomidae (leaf-nosed bats), and 2) conducting acoustic surveys to identify non-phyllostomid species (aerial insectivores). Results For both groups, we found that areas targeted for restoration had similar diversity as the surrounding forest, but the two habitat types differed in community composition. Phyllostomids were captured at higher rates in forest, but aerial insectivores were detected at higher rates in restoration habitat. Conclusion Our baseline assessment revealed unexpected diversity in areas targeted for restoration. The presence of all trophic groups in restoration habitat suggests that bats provide key ecosystem services in the restoration process, such as through seed dispersal, pollination and insect pest control. Implications for Conservation: Conducting a baseline survey of bats in areas targeted for restoration demonstrated that the community was not species poor at the baseline and was different from the surrounding forest, allowing us to better track restoration success and the effects of different restoration treatments.

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Falcão, Luiz Alberto Dolabela, Mário Marcos do Espírito-Santo, Lemuel Olívio Leite, Raphael Neiva Souza Lima Garro, Luis Daniel Avila-Cabadilla e Kathryn Elizabeth Stoner. "Spatiotemporal variation in phyllostomid bat assemblages over a successional gradient in a tropical dry forest in southeastern Brazil". Journal of Tropical Ecology 30, n. 2 (2 gennaio 2014): 123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467413000862.

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Abstract (sommario):

Abstract:The aim of this study was to investigate the spatiotemporal variation in richness, abundance, structure and composition of phyllostomid bats over a successional gradient in a tropical dry forest in south-eastern Brazil. Four successional stages (pasture, early, intermediate and late) were sampled in the northern part of the state of Minas Gerais. Bats were sampled using mist nets at three sites for each of the four successional stages (12 sites in total) during eight periods between 2007 and 2009. A total of 537 individuals were captured (29 recaptured), distributed among four families and 22 species. Bat abundance and richness varied in space, being higher in the late-successional stage, and over time, being significantly lower during the dry season. When compared between guilds, only the abundance of omnivores varied significantly during the sampled months. Our results demonstrate that areas of late-successional stages showed higher bat richness and abundance in comparison with areas undergoing secondary succession. Our results also suggest the use of early-successional areas as flying routes by bats can lead to failure to detect differences in bat composition within successional gradients. We suggest future studies should assimilate landscape-level analyses into their studies to better evaluate the effects of successional gradients on bat assemblages.

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40

Hood, Wendy R., Olav T. Oftedal e Thomas H. Kunz. "Variation in body composition of female big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) during lactation". Journal of Comparative Physiology B 176, n. 8 (12 luglio 2006): 807–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00360-006-0102-y.

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41

Razgour, O., C. Korine e D. Saltz. "Pond characteristics as determinants of species diversity and community composition in desert bats". Animal Conservation 13, n. 5 (27 maggio 2010): 505–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-1795.2010.00371.x.

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42

Barros, Marília A. S., Rodrigo Gastal de Magalhães e Ana Maria Rui. "Species composition and mortality of bats at the Osório Wind Farm, southern Brazil". Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment 50, n. 1 (2 gennaio 2015): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01650521.2014.1001595.

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43

Rodríguez-San Pedro, Annia, Constanza Rodríguez-Herbach, Juan Luis Allendes, Pascal N. Chaperon, Clemente A. Beltrán e Audrey A. Grez. "Responses of aerial insectivorous bats to landscape composition and heterogeneity in organic vineyards". Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 277 (maggio 2019): 74–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2019.03.009.

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44

Mathews, Fiona, Niamh Roche, Tina Aughney, Nicholas Jones, Julie Day, James Baker e Steve Langton. "Barriers and benefits: implications of artificial night-lighting for the distribution of common bats in Britain and Ireland". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 370, n. 1667 (5 maggio 2015): 20140124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2014.0124.

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Abstract (sommario):

Artificial lighting is a particular problem for animals active at night. Approximately 69% of mammal species are nocturnal, and one-third of these are bats. Due to their extensive movements—both on a nightly basis to exploit ephemeral food supplies, and during migration between roosts—bats have an unusually high probability of encountering artificial light in the landscape. This paper reviews the impacts of lighting on bats and their prey, exploring the direct and indirect consequences of lighting intensity and spectral composition. In addition, new data from large-scale surveys involving more than 265 000 bat calls at more than 600 locations in two countries are presented, showing that prevalent street-lighting types are not generally linked with increased activity of common and widespread bat species. Such bats, which are important to ecosystem function, are generally considered ‘light-attracted’ and likely to benefit from the insect congregations that form at lights. Leisler's bat ( Nyctalus leisleri ) may be an exception, being more frequent in lit than dark transects. For common pipistrelle bats ( Pipistrellus pipistrellus ), lighting is negatively associated with their distribution on a landscape scale, but there may be local increases in habitats with good tree cover. Research is now needed on the impacts of sky glow and glare for bat navigation, and to explore the implications of lighting for habitat matrix permeability.

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45

Gómez-Corea, Wilson Noel, Farlem Gabriel España, David Josué Mejía-Quintanilla e Andrea Nicole Figueroa-Grande. "Bats (Mammalia, Chiroptera) from Yuscarán in Eastern Honduras: Conservation and acoustic characterization for the insectivorous species". Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 61 (4 settembre 2021): e20216179. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2021.61.79.

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Abstract (sommario):

In Honduras, most bat inventories have been carried out with mist nets as the main sampling method, skewing knowledge towards the Phyllostomidae family, therefore the diversity and distribution of insectivorous bats is underrepresented. In order to have a more complete knowledge of the diversity of bats in the municipality of Yuscarán and mainly in the Yuscarán Biological Reserve, an inventory was carried out using the techniques of mist-netting and acoustic monitoring. The samplings were carried out between 910 and 1,827 m.a.s.l., covering agroecosystems, broadleaf forest, pine forest and urban environment. A total of 32 species of bats were registered, which represents 28% of the species diversity present in Honduras. Species belonging to five families were recorded: Emballonuridae (6.25%), Mormoopidae (15.22%), Phyllostomidae (56.25%), Molossidae (9.37%) and Vespertilionidae (12.5%). With the mist nets, a sampling effort of 7,128 m²/h was reached, which allowed the capture of 20 species and 186 individuals. Through the acoustic method, with 84 h/r, 13 species of insectivorous bats were recorded. The values of the acoustic parameters analysed from the search phase of each insectivorous species are provided, which can serve as a reference for the identification of species from Hondurans. To advance our understanding of the distribution patterns, composition, and vocal signatures of insectivore bats, we suggest the complementary use of mist nets and acoustic recorders in the inventories.

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Vanderwolf, Karen J., David Malloch e Donald F. McAlpine. "No Change Detected in Culturable Fungal Assemblages on Cave Walls in Eastern Canada with the Introduction of Pseudogymnoascus destructans". Diversity 11, n. 12 (23 novembre 2019): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d11120222.

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Abstract (sommario):

Studies of fungi in caves have become increasingly important with the advent of white-nose syndrome (WNS), a disease caused by the invasive fungus Pseudogymnoascus destructans (Pd) that has killed an estimated 6.5 million North American bats. We swabbed cave walls in New Brunswick, Canada, in 2012 and 2015 to determine whether the culturable fungal assemblage on cave walls changed after the introduction of Pd and subsequent decrease in hibernating bat populations. We also compared fungal assemblages on cave walls to previous studies on the fungal assemblages of arthropods and hibernating bats in the same sites. The fungal diversity of bats and cave walls was more similar than on arthropods. The diversity and composition of fungal assemblages on cave walls was significantly different among media types and sites but did not differ over time. Therefore, no change in the culturable fungal assemblage present on cave walls was detected with the introduction of Pd and subsequent disappearance of the hibernating bat population over a 3-year period. This suggests that fungi documented in caves in the region prior to the outbreak of Pd do not require regular transmission of spores by bats to maintain fungal diversity at these sites.

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Khabilov, Tolibjon, e Dilbar Tadjibaeva. "Bats Species Diversity of Northern Tajikistan: 45 Years Later". BIO Web of Conferences 35 (2021): 00013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213500013.

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Abstract (sommario):

The paper shows the results of long-term field studies of the species composition and number of bats in 8 abandoned mines in the Mogol-Tau mountains and the foothills of the northern slope of the Turkestan Mountain ranges in the territory of Northern Tajikistan. It reveals that the species diversity and number of bats have decreased both in “winter” stationary mine in the Mogol-Tau mountains and in “summer” stationary mine in the foothills of the Turkestan Mountain ranges. At the same time, the number of Myotis blythii Tomes 1857 has remarkably increased in summer. The paper suggests that these changes are not directly related to human activities, but have deeper causes and, possibly, are associated with global climate change.

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Foo, Cecily F., Victoria J. Bennett, Amanda M. Hale, Jennifer M. Korstian, Alison J. Schildt e Dean A. Williams. "Increasing evidence that bats actively forage at wind turbines". PeerJ 5 (3 novembre 2017): e3985. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3985.

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Although the ultimate causes of high bat fatalities at wind farms are not well understood, several lines of evidence suggest that bats are attracted to wind turbines. One hypothesis is that bats would be attracted to turbines as a foraging resource if the insects that bats prey upon are commonly present on and around the turbine towers. To investigate the role that foraging activity may play in bat fatalities, we conducted a series of surveys at a wind farm in the southern Great Plains of the US from 2011–2016. From acoustic monitoring we recorded foraging activity, including feeding buzzes indicative of prey capture, in the immediate vicinity of turbine towers from all six bat species known to be present at this site. From insect surveys we found Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, and Orthoptera in consistently high proportions over several years suggesting that food resources for bats were consistently available at wind turbines. We used DNA barcoding techniques to assess bat diet composition of (1) stomach contents from 47 eastern red bat (Lasiurus borealis) and 24 hoary bat (Lasiurus cinereus) carcasses collected in fatality searches, and (2) fecal pellets from 23 eastern red bats that were found on turbine towers, transformers, and tower doors. We found that the majority of the eastern red bat and hoary bat stomachs, the two bat species most commonly found in fatality searches at this site, were full or partially full, indicating that the bats were likely killed while foraging. Although Lepidoptera and Orthoptera dominated the diets of these two bat species, both consumed a range of prey items with individual bats having from one to six insect species in their stomachs at the time of death. The prey items identified from eastern red bat fecal pellets showed similar results. A comparison of the turbine insect community to the diet analysis results revealed that the most abundant insects at wind turbines, including terrestrial insects such as crickets and several important crop pests, were also commonly eaten by eastern red and hoary bats. Collectively, these findings suggest that bats are actively foraging around wind turbines and that measures to minimize bat fatalities should be broadly implemented at wind facilities.

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Linton, Danielle M., e David W. Macdonald. "Roost Composition and Sexual Segregation in a Lowland Population of Daubenton's Bats (Myotis daubentonii)". Acta Chiropterologica 21, n. 1 (5 ottobre 2019): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3161/15081109acc2019.21.1.010.

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50

Riedle, Tamera D. H., e Raymond S. Matlack. "Bats of Palo Duro Canyon State Park, Texas: Community Composition, Abundance, and Seasonal Activity". Western North American Naturalist 73, n. 1 (maggio 2013): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3398/064.073.0109.

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