Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Barrows landscape"
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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Barrows landscape":
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Makarowicz, P., J. Niebieszczański, M. Cwaliński, J. Romaniszyn, V. Rud e I. Kochkin. "Barrows in action. Late Neolithic and Middle Bronze Age Barrow Landscapes in the Upper Dniester Basin, Ukraine". Praehistorische Zeitschrift 94, n. 1 (1 dicembre 2019): 92–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pz-2019-0013.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract The aim of this article is to view the spatial distribution of Upper Dniester Basin’s (Western Ukraine) barrows and to interpret their location principles. These monuments were often situated on the flattened summits of watershed ridges or hills. It appeared also that some of them were located on upper parts of gentle slopes of not more than 8° of inclination. Mounds appear within linear and group-linear arrangements and were rarely observed as clusters, while more specific adjustments to their location were dependant on local terrain morphology. Barrow alignments run along the elevated ridges, while clustered groups were situated in places where erosive indentations or denudation cavities prevented barrows from stretching in a linear pattern. It can be noted that during the spatial development of barrow alignments, more attention was paid to the intervisibility between the mounds, than to their visibility from other places in the landscape. The potential of observing at least one of the following groups of tumuli from every embankment indicates the direction of movement within the framework of the barrow landscape, perhaps augmented in the past by the presence of paths or “roads”. Examples of analogous or similar, in a certain sense even universal, practices in shaping barrow landscapes were documented also from various parts of Eurasia. Therefore, it is argued these traits were shared by all “barrow societies” and their origins can be traced to the steppe zone. Specific and repeatable patterns of barrow arrangements are a manifestation of certain knowledge and skills, transmitted over generations and immortalized in the landscape that symbolized the incorporation of territory by “barrow societies”. Characteristic mound alignments became a cultural code or institution, as it were – an instrument of familiarising previously unknown landscapes, facilitating movement and simultaneously expressing continuity of kin-lineages.
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Eckardt, Hella, Peter Brewer, Sophie Hay e Sarah Poppy. "Roman Barrows and their Landscape Context: a GIS Case Study at Bartlow, Cambridgeshire". Britannia 40 (novembre 2009): 65–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3815/006811309789786025.
Abstract (sommario):
ABSTRACTThis paper examines the landscape context of the Bartlow Hills, a group of large Romano-British barrows that were excavated in the 1840s but have been largely neglected since. GIS is employed to test whether it was possible to view the mounds from nearby roads, barrows, and villas. Existing research on provincial barrows, and especially their landscape context, and some recent relevant applications of GIS are reviewed. We argue that barrows are active and symbolically charged statements about power and identity. The most striking pattern to emerge from the GIS analysis is a focus on display to a local rather than a transient audience.
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Tilley, Christopher. "Round Barrows and Dykes as Landscape Metaphors". Cambridge Archaeological Journal 14, n. 2 (ottobre 2004): 185–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959774304000125.
Abstract (sommario):
This article outlines the results of phenomenological research on the significance of landscape features, in particular ridges and coombe (dry valley) systems, in relation to the locations of Bronze Age round barrows and late Bronze Age/early Iron Age crossridge and spur dykes constructed along a chalk ridge in central southern England. It considers the locations of these monuments in a holistic manner and argues that together the round barrows, and then subsequently the dykes, network or draw together very different aspects of the topography in narratives about life and death. The round barrows differentially reference the significance of these places metaphorically through a combination of their specific locations. By contrast, the monumental courses of the dykes physically impose themselves on, or objectify the significance of, the same landscape features, but in a radically different manner indicating both continuity and difference in the historical significance of place.
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Medvedev, A. P. "NEW SARMATIAN BARROWS IN THE MIDDLE KHOPER BASIN". Archaeology and Early History of Ukraine 36, n. 3 (28 maggio 2020): 334–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2020.03.21.
Abstract (sommario):
In 2018—2019, the Yelan archaeological expedition of the Voronezh State University excavated the barrows near Ivanovka village on the Yelan River in the Novokhopyorsky District, Voronezh Region. Sarmatian barrows had not been excavated in this area before. The barrows with the height of 0.5—5 m are situated on the slope of the headland on the right bank of the Yelan and the left bank of its tributary, the Tatarka River. Most of the barrow group had never been plowed and remained in the natural steppe landscape representing a fragment of fescue-feather grass steppe. The expedition excavated two Sarmatian barrows up to 0.5 m high and up to 20 m in diameter, being a part of the «long-running» barrow group Ivanovka 7 (about 40 mounds). The north-western sector of the Barrow 25 contained the only burial found under the mound top with the size of 2 Ч 2.1 m and the depth of 0.9—1 m from the native soil level. The buried lied diagonally with the head directed to the north-west. The skull had features of artificial deformation. In the southern corner there were some broken vessels — a large gray-clay dish with small ruminant bones, a large one-handle jar with the brown surface and a small gray-clay jar with a hollow handle. On the bottom there was an iron adze with wooden remains inside the plug. Between the shin-bone and wall there was an iron knife and 16 small iron three-bladed arrow heads. At the end of the right hand there was a piece of bone piercer. The barrow is dated to the Late Sarmatian period (middle of the 2nd century AD). Though this barrow group is now situated in the forest steppe the study of buried soil showed its clearly steppe nature. Therefore the studied burials do not differ from the bulk of late Sarmatian burials found in steppes of the Volga and Don interfluve area.
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Latteur, Olivier. "Observing, Interpreting, and Excavating Roman Barrows". Erudition and the Republic of Letters 3, n. 2 (1 maggio 2018): 155–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24055069-00302002.
Abstract (sommario):
Even today, the landscape of some Belgian regions is deeply marked by the presence of dozens of Roman barrows. These mounds have survived the passage of time and have shaped the landscape, from antiquity up to the present-day. In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, a period characterized by the rediscovery of classical antiquity and the emergence of antiquarianism, travellers and scholars took a fresh look at these remains. The development of a proto-archaeological approach to the landscape gradually transformed the relationship between man and his surrounds, and contributed to a better understanding of certain landscape features. The first part of this article is devoted to historical observation of these barrows and their impact on the local landscape: Roman tumuli had unusual features (height, strength, presence of trees, etc.) and were used as landmarks and vantage points, especially in the Hesbaye region, which was sparsely wooded and relatively flat. The second part deals with interpretations of these mounds during the early modern period (attribution to the Romans, association with magic, etc.). The third part focuses on the first ‘archaeological’ excavations of tumuli (1507, 1621, 1641, and 1654). These early modern digs gradually transformed perceptions of these remains: observations of a proto-archaeological nature became increasingly common and heralded the emergence of a new approach, which co-existed with medieval or popular traditions.
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Holst, Mads Kähler, Marianne Rasmussen, Kristian Kristiansen e Jens-Henrik Bech. "Bronze Age ‘Herostrats’: Ritual, Political, and Domestic Economies in Early Bronze Age Denmark". Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 79 (21 agosto 2013): 265–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ppr.2013.14.
Abstract (sommario):
In this article we argue that within the Danish Bronze Age there was a short-lived period (roughly 1500–1150 bc) that witnessed a dramatic investment of resources into the construction of monumental architecture in the form of barrows and long houses. These investments had far-reaching long-term effects on the local landscape with negative consequences for agricultural productivity. We use two extraordinary well-documented excavations of a barrow (Skelhøj) and a long house (Legård) as a model for labour organisation and resource allocation, which is calculated against the number of barrows and long houses recorded in the Danish Sites and Monuments database for the period. An astonishing minimum of 50,000 barrows were constructed, devastating an estimated 120,000–150,000 hectares of grassland. During the same time period an estimated 200,000 long houses were constructed and renewed every 30–60 years. In densely settled regions the effects are easily recognisable in pollen diagrams as a near-complete deforestation. Thereby, the productive potential of the economy was, in effect, reduced.The situation was unsustainable in a long-term perspective and, at least on a local scale, it implied the risk of collapse. On the other hand, the exploitation of resources also appears to have entailed a new way of operating in the landscape, which led to a new organisation of the landscape itself and a restructuring of society in the Late Bronze Age. The intense character of these investments in monumental architecture is assumed to rely primarily on ritual and competitive rationales, and it exemplifies how the overall economy may be considered an unstable or contradictory interplay between ritual, political, and domestic rationales.1
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Oleszczak, Łukasz, Marcin M. Przybyła, Igor Pieńkos, Konstantin V. Chugunov e Nina A. Zhogova. "The magnetic survey of the early Scythian burial site and settlements in the Turan-Uyuk valley in Tuva". Acta Archaeologica Carpathica 55 (2020): 343–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/00015229aac.20.013.13518.
Abstract (sommario):
In 2019, Polish archaeologists took part in an expedition of the Hermitage Museum, led by K.V. Chugunov, in Chinge-Tey cemetery, Tuva (Russian Federation). This paper presents the results of magnetic surveys carried out within the so-called western chain of barrows and around the princely barrow of Chinge-Tey I. This method of non-invasive research is very well suited to the landscape and has produced a significant body of information. Among others, the survey of the western chain identified a stone mantle in barrow 8, which makes it different from other barrows from this group, whose mounds were built of earth. Another important result is the identification of a stone circle surrounding a cult feature (certainly associated with eschatological rituals) known as the northern complex. The presence of the circle came as a surprise for the investigators of the site, as it does not manifest itself at all on the surface of the site. On the other hand, worth noting is one negative result, which nevertheless allows for some conclusions, namely the lack of detectable anomalies connected with one of the tombs in the vicinity of Chinge-Tey I (barrow 15). Despite being clearly discernible in the landscape, and even more evident in LIDAR images, the barrow is invisible on images produced with a magnetometer. This means that one cannot rule out a possibility that other structures undetectable by magnetic surveys may be present within the investigated part of the cemetery. Nevertheless, one cannot but arrive at the conclusion that the results generated by the magnetic research provide significant information concerning the spatial arrangement of the cemetery and are helpful in planning of archaeological excavation.
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Darvill, Timothy, Friedrich Lüth, Knut Rassmann, Andreas Fischer e Kay Winkelmann. "Stonehenge, Wiltshire, UK: High Resolution Geophysical Surveys in the Surrounding Landscape, 2011". European Journal of Archaeology 16, n. 1 (2013): 63–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1461957112y.0000000025.
Abstract (sommario):
An extensive high-resolution geophysical survey covering 2 km2was undertaken to the north of Stonehenge in June and October 2011. The survey is important in providing, for the first time, abundant detail on the form and structure of the Stonehenge Cursus, including the recognition of entrances in both of the long sides. Much additional information about the internal form of round barrows in the Cursus Round Barrow Cemetery, the course of the Avenue, the course of the so-called Gate Ditch, and numerous tracks and early roads crossing the landscape was recorded. A series of previously unrecognized features were identified: a pit-arc or cove below a barrow on the west side of King Barrow Ridge, a square-shaped feature surrounded by pits on the east side of Stonehenge Bottom, and a linear ditch on the same solstical axis, and parallel to, the southern section of the Stonehenge Avenue. An extensive scatter of small metallic anomalies marking the position of camping grounds associated with the Stonehenge Free Festival in the late 1970s and early 1980s raise interesting conservation and management issues.
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Cooper, Anwen. "Other Types of Meaning: Relationships between Round Barrows and Landscapes from 1500 bc–ac 1086". Cambridge Archaeological Journal 26, n. 4 (25 ottobre 2016): 665–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959774316000433.
Abstract (sommario):
This paper is about Bronze Age round barrows and the ways in which they became caught up in human practices over an extended time period. At one level it belongs to a flourishing body of work that examines the ‘re-use’ or ‘biography’ of prehistoric monuments. Rather than treating the latter as a generic group, however, this study focuses on chronologies of one specific monument type—round barrows—over a 2600-year period from 1500 bc–ac 1086. By bringing together evidence and interpretations generated mainly within period specialisms, significant homogeneities are revealed in terms of how activities at prehistoric monuments have previously been understood. The possibilities for seeking out different interpretative ground are duly explored. Using a case study from the east of England and drawing on evidence and ideas from much more broadly, the approach taken places particular emphasis on examining relationships between round barrows and other aspects of landscape. The findings offer fresh insight into the temporality of activities undertaken at round barrows, question existing characterizations of past people's historical understandings, and explore the long-term coherence of ‘round barrows’ as a category.
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Field, David, Neil Linford, Martyn Barber, Hugo Anderson-Whymark, Mark Bowden, Peter Topping, Paul Linford et al. "Analytical Surveys of Stonehenge and its Immediate Environs, 2009–2013: Part 1 – the Landscape and Earthworks". Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 80 (14 agosto 2014): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ppr.2014.6.
Abstract (sommario):
Integrated non-invasive survey in the Stonehenge ‘triangle’, Amesbury, Wiltshire, has highlighted a number of features that have a significant bearing on the interpretation of the site. Among them are periglacial and natural topographical structures, including a chalk mound that may have influenced site development. Some geophysical anomalies are similar to the post-holes in the car park of known Mesolithic date, while others beneath the barrows to the west may point to activity contemporary with Stonehenge itself. Evidence that the ‘North Barrow’ may be earlier in the accepted sequence is presented and the difference between the eastern and western parts of the enclosure ditch highlighted, while new data relating to the Y and Z Holes and to the presence of internal banks that mirror their respective circuits is also outlined.
Tesi sul tema "Barrows landscape":
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Peters, Frances. "Barrows in the landscape : the relationship between Bronze Age round barrows and the landscape in the Stonehenge environs, the Upper Thames Valley and central Dorset". Thesis, University of Reading, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.502977.
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Llobera, Marcos. "Landscapes of experiences in stone : notes on a humanistic use of a Geographic Information System (GIS) to study ancient landscapes". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310350.
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Cockcroft, David Gregor. "Round barrows in Chalcolithic and early Bronze Age Yorkshire : architecture, burial, and landscape". Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/2906.
Abstract (sommario):
This thesis examines the role of round barrows during the Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age (c. 2500 – 1500 BC) in Yorkshire. This is done by exploring patterns in site distribution, use of construction material, changes in artefact deposition, burial practices and architectural traditions to examine changing prehistoric engagements with the dead, the remains of past monuments, and the land itself through three key questions. These are: how were round barrows in Yorkshire developed over time, how did they affect the changing relationships between the living and the dead, and what do they tell us about prehistoric engagement with the physical world? Across the centuries of their use, round barrows relate differently to the sense of space and place, conceptions of past and memory, and signify shifting relationships between the living and the dead. These trends are traced across whole of Yorkshire and in specific case study areas: the Upper Wold Valley, the Ure-Swale interfluve, and the Howardian Hills. Throughout Yorkshire, there is a co-existence of Beakers and Food Vessels in burials. Practices such as cremation burial were more common in certain regions than others in the latter half of the Early Bronze Age. In the Wolds and the Vale of Mowbray, inhumation remained a significant practice throughout the Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age. Cremation burial became more influential across Yorkshire and round barrows with burials of cremated remains were built in the Howardian Hills without pre-existing monuments. In the Ure-Swale interfluve, round barrows were built both within Neolithic monument complexes and outside of them c. 2150-1750 BC. After that development of burial mounds moves away from older monuments. Diversity in round barrows is difficult to appreciate from only the Wolds or the North Yorkshire Moors. The region might follow many of the patterns established elsewhere in Britain but it is comprised of varied and a greater level of refinement could define other parts of the county better by using the wider-scale framework to examine monuments in the surrounding regions.
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Johnson, Neal. "From Malvern to the Irish Sea : Early Bronze Age round barrows in a border landscape". Thesis, University of Worcester, 2015. http://eprints.worc.ac.uk/4307/.
Abstract (sommario):
his thesis explores Early Bronze Age round barrows in a distinctive landscape, the Anglo-Welsh borderland. It is a landscape of contrasts, encompassing the lowlands and plains of the Midlands counties to the east and the uplands of the west. Although the region has been recognised as a valid unit of study, many previous studies have been constrained by national and county boundaries. Recent research on the prehistoric archaeology of the region has addressed this problem but until now the area’s round barrows have received little attention. This thesis se rves to redress this imbalance and considers round barrows in their historic and regional context. A multi-scalar approach to the study has been taken. At the macro scale, the morphology, distribution and broad topographic settings are examined in addition to an analysis of factors relating to the survival and destruction of the regions barrows. It is argued that the location of the borderlands may have led to some of the distinct architectural elements present in the region. For the most part, round barrows in the study area do not coalesce in to large cemeteries as seen elsewhere; the general pattern being that of isolated or paired barrows, yet relatively dense clusters have been identified. These are analysed at the meso scale to establish the relationships of barrows within these clusters to each other, to earlier monumentality and to the wider landscape. Here it is suggested that different rationales led to their formation, in some instances rep resenting different communities’ access to resources and routeways. The analysis then proceeds at the micro - scale and considers the problem of why build a round barrow in the first place. By examining a single, well excavated site of two barrows in close proximity with a reasonable degree of contemporaneity, it is possible to mitigate against certain variables to explore the role of choice when a community built a barrow. The role of deposition, including that of human remains is considered and it is argued that such practices were strategies to effect change within the world of the living.
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Couderc, Florian. "Sites et paysages protohistoriques en Basse-Auvergne (XXIIe - Ve s. av. J.-C.)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 2, 2021. https://dante.univ-tlse2.fr/id/eprint/13745.
Abstract (sommario):
L’étude des paysages protohistoriques est favorisée depuis ces deux dernières décennies par le nombre croissant de sites découverts chaque année. Ce développement est essentiellement lié au développement de l’archéologie préventive, mais aussi à la multiplication des projets de recherche, notamment sur les établissements de hauteur en Basse-Auvergne. L’approche d’un territoire sur le temps long, nécessite de mobiliser des données très hétérogènes. De l’étude du mobilier à l’intégration d’un site dans son environnement, toutes les caractéristiques sont nécessaires à sa compréhension. Le rapport entre les sociétés humaines et leur environnement est peu exploité. Le lien qui les unit est pourtant fort et pérenne. Plus qu’un support, le paysage est un élément constitutif de l’identité même de ces sociétés. De fait, son déchiffrement permet d’appréhender l’organisation économique, sociale, politique voire religieuse des groupes humains.La Basse-Auvergne est un véritable laboratoire pour l’étude des paysages protohistoriques, car cette région regroupe un grand nombre de sites et de données très variées de l’âge du Bronze et du 1er âge du Fer. Dans le cadre de cette recherche, un ensemble de 289 sites pour 487 occupations chronologiquement ou fonctionnellement distinctes qui ont été recensés. Ces données ont été traitées statistiquement et intégrées dans un SIG, afin de réaliser de multiples analyses, notamment spatiales. Néanmoins, toutes les phases de l’âge du Bronze ou du 1er âge du Fer ne sont pas documentées de façon homogène. Si une analyse générale a été proposée, notamment sur les rythmes d’occupation, une attention particulière a été portée sur l’étude des habitats et des nécropoles du Bronze ancien, des sites de hauteur du Bronze final, des habitats et des fosses de cuisson du 1er Fer 1, ainsi que sur les nécropoles à enclos circulaires et quadrangulaires. Il ressort de cette recherche une évolution complexe des rythmes d’occupation et de gestion des paysages durant toute la Protohistoire ancienne en Basse-Auvergne. Il ne s’agit pas d’une lente évolution du plus simple au plus complexe, mais d’une succession de schémas propres à chaque phase chronologique, chaque culture, avec des phases d’expansion et de repli. Des réflexions ont été menées sur la fonction de certaines occupations dans le paysage et leur interprétation du point de vue économique et/ou socioculturel. Les données paléoenvironnementales disponibles dans la région ont aussi été mobilisées, afin d’identifier les comportements qui relèvent d’adaptations au facteur environnemental. Les modèles proposés sont voués dans le futur à être confrontés à d’autres secteurs géographiques en France et en Europe, afin d’identifier ce qui peut relever de traits culturels communs et/ou d’adaptations localesThe expansion of preventive archaeology during these two last decades have made the study of the Protohistoric landscapes possible throughout the country. The number of sites keep growing significantly every year. In addition, with these operations, there is a large development of research projects in Basse-Auvergne, especially on hillforts. To study a region on a long time approach, it is necessary to take all proxies of a site. It is important to start from the object, to the place of the settlements in the landscape. The landscape is like a book, each page contains the traces of successive settlements. In fact, the landscape is modified by economics, socio-political and religious activities, and it is important for archaeologist to understand its structure, and its history. The link between societies and their landscape is an essential component of their cultural identity.The Basse-Auvergne is a laboratory for landscape studies. In fact, this region contains a great number of data, for the Bronze Age and the Early Iron Age. In this research, there are 289 sites for 487 settlements recorded in a database. These data have been processed into statistical analyses thanks to GIS. Not all periods of Bronze Age or Early Iron Age are well documented. Few cases of study have been identified from which it is possible to do further investigation : Early Bronze Age habitats and necropolis ; Late Bronze Age hillforts ; Early Iron Age habitats and feasts settlements ; enclosures barrows landscape. This research shows the complex dynamics of the landscape use during the Bronze Age and the Early Iron Age. The history of Protohistoric societies, from simple to complex societies, is not a long evolution. It is a succession of models and social structures. There are specific to each culture of each period, with phases of expansion and contraction. Few interpreting models have been proposed about settlements function, especially to understand if come from economics or sociocultural needs. Palaeoenvironmental data from the area were used to identify the influence of the fluctuation of the environment on societies. The models built into Basse-Auvergne must be compared to other regions of France and in Europe. This way, it will be possible to understand if any types of sites, or landscape use, are a cultural adoption, or if they are an adaptation of a local context
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Giles, Melanie C. "'Open-weave, close-knit' : archaeologies of identity in the later prehistoric landscape of East Yorkshire". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2000. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/3526/.
Abstract (sommario):
This thesis is concerned with approaches to identity in archaeology, specifically the later prehistory of East Yorkshire, during the first millennium B. C. The region is characterised by a middle-late Iron Age square barrow burial rite, which has been interpreted as the product of the 'Arras' culture. It tackles the problem that identity has traditionally been understood as a social given (as part of an evolutionary process or an innate condition of a social group) that can be read from material remains. It argues that such models fail to make a critical enquiry into how identity is reproduced, with damaging social and political implications. In contrast, the thesis argues that identity is the project through which people come to know themselves as social beings, through the webs of their relations with others and the material world. Identity always takes work, and is constituted through that work. Archaeology therefore explores how identities were reproduced and mobilised over time, through an analysis of material fragments which are both the product and conditions of identity practice The thesis explores the contrasting character of practices of inhabitation from the later Bronze Age - late Iron Age (c. 8 th -I' century B. C. /A. D. ). It interprets the emergence and disappearance of the burial rite in terms of the political projects and discourses of identity which were reproduced through the strategic manipulation of the dead. More broadly, it argues that archaeology is both an analytical and interpretative endeavour. It presents the theoretical grounds of its approach, a methodology for exploring identity, and the results of its analysis (including a report on original fieldwork undertaken at Wharram Grange Crossroads, East Yorkshire). It also argues that the way in which this interpretative process is returned to the reader is constitutive of the meaning that they make, and it develops ways in which this can be made explicit in the writing of a thesis.
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Quezada, Moncada Marcelo. "Identidad del barrio, valor patrimonial y atractivo turístico: Estudio del paisaje cultural en el espacio público de los barrios Concepción y Santo Domingo, en la ciudad de Valparaíso, Chile". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/321833.
Abstract (sommario):
El presente trabajo consiste en una investigación acerca de los modos de uso practicados en barrios residenciales inscritos como Patrimonio de la Humanidad. Su enfoque es desde la disciplina del diseño industrial y para llevarla a cabo se determinaron dos casos de estudio que son el barrio del cerro Concepción y el del cerro Santo Domingo de Valparaíso. Esta es una ciudad puerto ubicada en la Costa Pacífico Sur del continente americano en la República de Chile, que tuvo una época de esplendor durante el siglo XIX y hasta la mitad del siglo XX. Primero como consecuencia de la exportación de carne y trigo a California, durante la “febre del oro”, y posteriormente debido al protagonismo en el tráfico y comercio internacional del salitre. Cabe señalar que la independencia de Chile se logra a comienzos del siglo XIX, por lo que el período de bonanza en la ciudad comienza cuando recién el país iniciaba su camino como república independiente y la ciudad se abría al comercio internacional. Ello significa que Valparaíso inicia este camino siendo una ciudad pequeña que funcionaba en torno a la actividad portuaria bastante limitada que, por disposiciones político administrativas del régimen colonial, estaba restringida al intercambio comercial sólo con España y a través del Virreinato del Perú.
Partiendo de esta premisa general, indicaremos que el objetivo general de la presente investigación es dilucidar la naturaleza, las cualidades y las relaciones entre las cosas que configuran el paisaje cultural de los espacios públicos de los barrios Concepción y Santo Domingo de la ciudad de Valparaíso y las personas que los habitan, vistos desde los ámbitos de la significación y la experiencia de uso y en miras a la explotación turística aprovechando su condición de Patrimonio de la Humanidad. Por lo que respecta a los objetivos más específicos, podríamos señalar los siguientes:
- Identificar aspectos singulares del paisaje cultural de los barrios Concepción y Santo Domingo en Valparaíso con el fin de construir un relato descriptivo específico de cada barrio.
- Fundamentar las cualidades relevantes de los lugares y los hábitos de uso de visitantes y residentes observadas en los barrios en estudio.
- Conocer la opinión de los vecinos respecto de sus barrios en cuanto a su historia, su percepción de calidad de vida y sus expectativas de mejoramiento.
- Obtener puntos de vista alternativos respecto al turismo como actividad económica y sociocultural en las economías débiles como es la de Valparaíso.
- Evaluar los planes vigentes en la ciudad de Valparaíso en relación al rol de sus habitantes en los planes de recuperación patrimonial
Para conseguir los objetivos apuntados, así como los que se irán concretando a medida que avance el reporte de la investigación, esta se llevó a cabo desarrollando actividades diversas de manera simultánea en los siguientes ámbitos:
- Investigación bibliográfica acerca de la historia de la ciudad. Con ello se obtuvo una base de datos ordenados cronológicamente para ser utilizada posteriormente como referente en el desarrollo de los barrios.
- Registro fotográfico en los barrios para clasificar tipologías de formas y técnicas constructivas.
El propósito de esta actividad fue poder establecer relaciones entre construcciones e historia. Además se quería obtener un panorama de los muchos usos posibles del espacio público por parte de la gente, tanto residentes como visitantes, y en diferentes contextos socioculturales
En una segunda aproximación se conversó con 25 vecinos del cerro Concepción y 19 del cerro Santo Domingo, cada uno elegido a partir de su representatividad en cuanto a un perfil específico, con el fin de conocer sus apreciaciones acerca del barrio, su historia, la vida cotidiana, las intervenciones en curso, sus anhelos, lo que valoran del barrio y sus actividades sociales en el espacio público. Se trabajó en captar, desde primera fuente, los vicios y virtudes que los vecinos reconocen en sus barrios y descubrir el motivo y el modo en que utilizan o no el espacio público. Como se verá en el capítulo sobre la metodología utilizada, se entrevistaron a vecinos de distinta condición socio-económica y socio-cultural, y ha sido hablando con ellos cómo se han obtenido conceptos presentes en la valoración de su entorno.
Metodológicamente se optó por el modelo cualitativo por cuanto la temática de la investigación significa, en algunos aspectos, adentrarse en la subjetividad de las personas cuando estas se manifiestan en relación al barrio. En el proceso se usó el concepto de cultura obtenido desde el ámbito de la sociología, en tanto sistema de significados, que aúna criterios en la interpretación colectiva del entorno. En cuanto al contexto en que se desarrolló la investigación cabe señalar que, luego del nombramiento como Patrimonio de la Humanidad se ha desatado la especulación con el precio del suelo y de construcciones que durante mucho tiempo estuvieron sometidas al descuidos de sus propietarios, prueba de tal abandono es que en los últimos 10 años, después del nombramiento internacional, en la ciudad han habido pérdidas de bienes patrimoniales importantes debido a incendios generados por fallas en instalaciones de gas y electricidad, que no fueron oportunamente reparadas ni mucho menos sometidas a algún plan de prevención. A grandes rasgos la investigación consistió en obtener y contrastar información proveniente desde los ámbitos de la historia, la cultura, la técnica y la geografía obtenida en la primera parte del proceso, con la documentación correspondiente a la postulación e inscripción del casco antiguo como bien patrimonial, con los conceptos de desarrollo turístico que se discuten en el ámbito académico torno a los modelos propuestos desde la Organización Mundial del Turismo y con la opinión acerca de la percepción sobre la condición patrimonial de los vecinos obtenida a partir del trabajo de campo.
8
Carbonés, Amagat Anna. "Urbanisme i arquitectura a la Girona d'època moderna: XVI-XVIII". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/397679.
Abstract (sommario):
Aquesta tesi és un estudi exhaustiu sobre la ciutat de Girona a partir de l'anàlisi dels diferents burgs o barris que la configuren. Aquestes unitats urbanístiques seran estudiades a partir de diferents vessants.
En primer lloc la història serveix per contextualitzar la formació i evolució dels diferents burgs i de la seva relació amb els altres burgs en particular, i amb la ciutat en general.
L'estudi de la demografia i el perfil humà ens ajudarà a entendre aquesta evolució.
L'evolució dels carrers i places que ens aportarà les dades necessàries per ajudar-nos a comprendre la formació dels diferents burgs i com aquests, amb el pas del temps, arriben a l'època moderna. Posteriorment, i a partir de les dades extretes dels documents d'arxius i de la bibliografia, estudiarem les diferents intervencions que es portaran a terme en aquest moment tant a nivell d'alineacions, amb la construcció i millores de les façanes, com de pavimentació. També analitzarem els diferents elements arquitectònics que configuraran aquest paisatge urbà i estudiarem la interrelació i evolució entre aquests mateixos elements arquitectònics entre sí i amb els elements de defensa i fortificacions, part essencial dintre l'urbanisme d'època moderna a Girona.
Analitzarem també les infraestructures i de la seva evolució, sobretot la creació i millora de la xarxa de clavegueram, el manteniment de passarel·les i ponts, la presència de serveis municipals... Aquesta anàlisi dels diferents vessants, ens ajuda a comprendre les peculiaritats de cada zona i del seu paper en la configuració general de la ciutat.
Finalment, una taula dels carrers a l'època moderna i la seva relació amb els carrers actuals, ens situarà a la ciutat i permetrà tenir la visió des de l'època actual de l'evolució i els canvis produïts en l'entremat urbà des de l'època moderna.
Per tant, l'estudi de la ciutat es farà a partir dels diferents burg, i dels seus elements configuradors, tant els més monumentals com els més simples, donant una visió de la història i evolució de la ciutat a partir del diàleg i de la complementació o interrelació que s'estableix entre aquesta arquitectura i urbanisme de perfil més espectacular, amb les intervencions arquitectòniques o urbanístiques més modestes.
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Avery-Quinn, Samuel John. "From Parlor to Forest Temple: An Historical Anthropology of the Early Landscapes of the National Camp-Meeting Association for the Promotion of Holiness, 1867-1871". 2011. http://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/944.
Abstract (sommario):
This dissertation is an historical anthropology investigating the late 19th century liturgical landscapes of the National Camp‐Meeting Association for the Promotion of Holiness, an organization of Methodist clergy who sought ecclesiastical and social reform primarily through camp‐meeting revivals promoting the experience of entire sanctification. National camp meetings drew from the liturgical and architectural traditions of early 19th century frontier revivalism, yet, as this dissertation argues, these meetings were not simply an appropriation of the structure of Second Great Awakening revivals for the purpose of promoting holiness theology in decidedly more urban areas of the Northeast and Mid‐Atlantic. Rather, these meetings were a (re)imagining of the cultural practice of the camp‐meeting through a Victorian system of symbolic meanings, a middle‐class, (ex)urban geographic context, and a distinctive set of liturgical performances, social interactions, and cognitive‐environmental and architectural cues designed to elicit a changed subjectivity among attendees. Each of these transformations shaped the social space, architectural configuration, and site selection of the liturgical landscapes of the National Camp‐Meeting Association, and it is these spatial and material traces that offer a substantial body of data for the interpretation of past religious and ritual landscapes in North America. Such interpretation of revival landscapes is possible through a process of cross‐mending archival sources (diaries, autobiographies, biographies, historic correspondence, newspaper reports, sermon texts, organizational documents, maps, photographs), material culture, archaeological reports, geo‐spatial and environmental data to reconstruct and thickly interpret the ritual landscapes of three early meetings of the National Camp‐Meeting Association for the Promotion of Holiness – Vineland, New Jersey, Manheim, Pennsylvania, and Round Lake, New York. In its results, this dissertation argues for a significant connection between Methodism, geographic regions, and 19th century holiness practices, and an interpretation of holiness revivalism as a means of renegotiating moral orders amidst industrialization, urbanization, vacationing, and changing social fault lines in the church including race and gender.
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DeVito, Emile Dominick. "Landscape scale and avian habitat selection in the New Jersey Pine Barrens foraging for context-dependent resources within a forest mosaic /". 1988. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/18615009.html.
Abstract (sommario):
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1988.Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 180-185).
Libri sul tema "Barrows landscape":
1
Argentina) Encuentro Internacional sobre Barroco (9th 2017 Buenos Aires. Naturaleza & paisaje: IX Encuentro Internacional sobre Barroco. La Paz, Bolivia: Fundación Visión Cultural, 2019.
2
Chile) Encuentro Internacional sobre Barroco (10th 2019 Valparaíso. Mitos e imaginería: X Encuentro Internacional sobre Barroco. La Paz, Bolivia: Fundación Visión Cultural, 2021.
3
Louwen, Arjan, e David Fontijn. Death Revisited: The Excavation of Three Bronze Age Barrows and Surrounding Landscape at Apeldoorn-Wieselseweg. Sidestone Press, 2019.
4
Louwen, Arjan, e David Fontijn. Death Revisited: The Excavation of Three Bronze Age Barrows and Surrounding Landscape at Apeldoorn-Wieselseweg. Sidestone Press, 2019.
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Fontijn, David. Beyond barrows: Current research on the structuration and perception of the Prehistoric Landscape through Monuments. Sidestone Press, 2013.
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Fontijn, David R., Karsten Wentink, Sasja van der Vaart e Arjan J. Louwen. Beyond Barrows: Current Research on the Structuration and Perception of the Prehistoric Landscape Through Monuments. Sidestone Press, 2013.
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Louwen, Arjan. Death revisited: The excavation of three Bronze Age barrows and surrounding landscape at Apeldoorn-Wieselseweg. Sidestone Press, 2019.
8
Forman, Richard. Pine Barrens: Ecosystem and Landscape. Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2012.
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Pine Barrens: Ecosystem and landscape. New Brunswick, N.J: Rutgers University Press, 1998.
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Forman, Richard T. T. Pine Barrens: Ecosystem and Landscape. Rutgers University Press, 1998.
Capitoli di libri sul tema "Barrows landscape":
1
Maldonado, Adrián. "Barrows and the Conversion of the Landscape at Forteviot, Perthshire". In Cultural Encounters in Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, 319–50. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.celama-eb.5.113595.
2
Pérez, Domino Renee. "Lost in the Cinematic Landscape". In Velvet Barrios, 229–47. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-04269-9_14.
3
Baldwin, E. "WITHIN THE ROUND BARROWS OF STONEHENGE LANDSCAPE:". In Archaeological Prospection, 230–32. Verlag der österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvjsf630.88.
4
"Round Barrows and Cross Dykes as Landscape Metaphors". In Interpreting Landscapes, 99–186. Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315426297-13.
5
Sanmark, Alexandra. "Thing -sites and the Political Landscape in the North". In The Viking Age in Scotland, 197–212. Edinburgh University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474485821.003.0016.
Abstract (sommario):
Scandinavian thing-sites, preserved today in place-names such as Dingwall in Ross, were places where religious debates and legal rulings, and possibly markets, were held in Scandinavian Scotland. This chapter discusses their importance and investigates their role beyond the administrative, focussing on their position in the regional landscape as widely accessible arenas where negotiation of power relations between elites and their communities could take place. It explores the regionally specific evolution of these sites in the North Atlantic, particularly Scotland, Ireland, Greenland, and the Faroe Islands. It demonstrates that in Scotland, Scandinavian elites responded to a landscape that included ancient indigenous mound monuments such as barrows or overgrown brochs, like those used in the Scandinavian homelands to legitimise ancient ruling rites that were rooted in the landscape.
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Cooper, Anwen, Chris Green e Laura Morley. "Time". In English Landscapes and Identities, 348–98. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198870623.003.0010.
Abstract (sommario):
We cannot think about space, without also considering time, especially as the landscape can be seen to be the richest set of historical evidence we have. We present two case studies. The first concerns the long-term continuities in the use of the intertidal zone, where wooden structures are often preserved by the water. This tells us about use of the sea, but also of the forests which supply wood for sea side structures. We then turn to a major analysis of the reuse of round barrows, first built in the early Bronze Age, but of differing interest to all later periods.
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Darvill, Timothy. "Megalithic tombs, barrows, and enclosures in fourth millennium BC Britain". In Giants in the Landscape: Monumentality and Territories in the European Neolithic, 3–18. Archaeopress Publishing Ltd, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/jj.15136047.7.
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Stewart, Ian G. "‘Fleshy Books’: Isaac Barrow and the Oratorical Critique of Cartesian Natural Philosophy". In History of Universities, 35–102. Oxford University PressOxford, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199243389.003.0003.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract Isaac Barrow (1630-77) has long figured in the landscape of early modern English science and theology, though more towards the periphery of that seventeenth-century watershed known as the Scientific Revolution than at its centre. More recent scholarship, however, indicates that in his own day Barrow was regarded as much closer to the centre as it was then conceived. In fact, one episode in Barrow’s life as a young scholar at Trinity College, Cambridge, clarifies the nature of that centre-viewed from the perspective of the mid-seventeenth-century university-and recaptures an aspect of natural philosophy as it was then pursued.
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Leopold, Estella B. "The Shack Landscape and Its Restoration: A Natural history". In Stories From the Leopold Shack. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190463229.003.0012.
Abstract (sommario):
“The outstanding scientific discovery of the twentieth century is not television, or radio, but rather the complexity of the land organism,” wrote my father in Round River. As he was hinting, we can locate many of the parts, but how these fit together in the land organism was another matter. Finding the native plant species would be a good start. To reunite some of these came next. The work of our family was creative in its own right: figuring out what conditions these species needed, including by experimentation. Essential to that is appreciating how this landscape got its form—what processes have worked on it and with what results. This much helps us with our understanding of the setting and the soils—what I would call the lay of the land. In the work to restore old habitats and old vegetation types, it is really useful and interesting to know something of the land history, ancient and recent. As Mary Austin wrote, “To understand the fashion of any life, one must know the land it is lived in and the procession of the year.” The Shack experience involved both of these elements. When you live in an area, a natural question that arises is how the landscape got the way it is. What forces shaped it, and over what periods of time? In the Shack area, two different prominent ridges (about twenty-five feet in height) are oriented perpendicular to the Wisconsin River. One is the north-south ridge just west of the Shack—the Sand Hill/Clay Hill ridge. The other is the north-south ridge downstream from Gilbert’s farm; it is the ridge on which the Leopold Center is built. At the point where the river cuts the nose of that ridge (Barrows Bluff) are a great number of large boulders and clay. The Sand Hill site also has an enormous boulder on it. Both have sand on top near the river. I wondered how ridges like these formed in the first place. Then I read the report by Robert Dott and John Attig about the history of the glacial ice lobes in Wisconsin.
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Makarowicz, Przemysław, Jan Romaniszyn e Vitalii Rud. "The barrow culture of the Upper Dniester Basin in the 3 rd and 2 nd millennia BC: The Polish-Ukrainian research projects". In Treasures of Time: Research of the Faculty of Archaeology of Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, 176–96. Adam Mickiewicz University Poznan, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/wa.2021.13.978-83-946591-9-6.
Abstract (sommario):
Since 2009, the international Upper Dniester Expedition has conducted field research (field-walking surveys, non-invasive and excavation) and analytical studies in the Eastern Transcarpathia. These investigations are part of a broader research programme – a study of ‘The Biocultural Borderland between the East and the West of Europe’. The projects concern a comprehensive reconnaissance of barrow cemeteries dated to the 3 rd and 2 nd millennia BC, located in the mixed forest-steppe and forest belt in the basin of the Upper Dniester River. For almost 1500 years, this type of funeral architecture shaped the ‘mortuary landscapes’ of the communities successively inhabiting that area. Hence, the barrow cemeteries are an important source for understanding the mechanisms and trajectories of cultural development in this part of Europe, and consequently the subject of intensive studies within several research projects. This article describes the aims and results of two already completed and one ongoing project in the Upper Dniester Basin. Thanks to the use of modern research methods, both in the field of archaeology and ‘archaeological sciences’, it has been possible to present a wide spectrum of regularities/principles concerning the ‘barrow landscapes’, the chronology of the creation of selected cemeteries, and the construction of regular, linear arrangements of barrows. Furthermore, the projects have and are providing large collections of archaeological (ceramic, lithic, metals, etc.), anthropological, archaeobotanical and archaeofaunal material for future analyses.
Atti di convegni sul tema "Barrows landscape":
1
Н.А., Макаров,, Красникова, А.М. e Угулава, Н.Д. "EXCAVATIONS AT GNEZDILOVO BURIAL SITE IN THE VICINITIES OF SUZDAL’: FIRST RESULTS". In Археология Владимиро-Суздальской земли. Crossref, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25681/iaras.2021.978-5-94375-365-7.7-20.
Abstract (sommario):
В статье представлены результаты раскопок могильника X-XII вв. Гнездилово, произведенных в 2020 г. Средневековые памятники в округе Гнездилова хорошо известны в литературе. Здесь в 1851 г. под руководством графа А. С. Уварова раскопано 28 курганов с кремациями и ингумациями, в 1980-1987 гг. под руководством В. А. Лапшина проходили широкомасштабные исследования одного из крупнейших в Суздальской округе поселений с культурными отложениями эпохи викингов. В современном ландшафте, практически полностью снивелированном распашкой, не сохранилось видимых следов курганного могильника, раскопанного в XIX в. Повторное обнаружение некрополя в 2019 г. позволило провести рекогносцировочные работы, в результате которых в раскопе площадью около 120 кв. м выявлено 15 ингумаций XI - начала XII в. в могильных ямах с западной ориентировкой и остатки кремаций, рассредоточенных в пахотном слое и заполнении ям. В 8 погребениях обнаружен сопровождающий инвентарь - стеклянные бусы, височные кольца, подвески, дирхем и денарий, железные ножи. Особый интерес представляет погребение 13 с помещенным в ногах боевым топором. Новые полевые исследования на памятнике демонстрируют, что Гнездилово было большим средневековым кладбищем с разнообразными погребальными обрядами - подкурганными кремациями и ингумациями, грунтовыми погребениями и кремациями, рассыпанными на поверхности или в неглубоких ямах. The paper presents results of the excavations at the Viking Age burial site Gnezdilovo conducted in 2020. Gnezdilovo local area is known in medieval archaeology as a prominent place with the barrow burial ground first discovered in 1851 and the dwelling site with Late Viking Age cultural deposits, one of the local centers of Suzdal’ region, which had been under excavations in 1980-87. Non of the burial mounds survived in the landscape after the excavation campaign of 1851 which disclosed 28 barrows with cremations and inhumations (28) and appeared to leave poor perspectives for further research. Burial site, totally leveled by ploughing, was re-discovered in 2019. Trail excavations at the area of about 120 sq.m revealed 15 west-oriented inhumation burials in ground pits and remains of cremations dispersed in ploughed deposits and in pits. 8 inhumation burials contained grave goods - glass beads, temple rings, pendants, belt mounts, dirham coin and denarius, iron knives. Of special interest is burial 13 with a battleaxe placed at the feet of the deceased. Inhumation burials date the XI-th - the early XII-th cc. New field research at the site prove that Gnezdilovo was a large cemetery with diverse burial rituals (barrows with cremations and inhumations, cremations in shallow ground pits, inhumations in ground pits). Considerable part of the graves remains well preserved after the excavations conducted in the XIX-th c.
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Шевченко, А. А. "FORTIFIED SETTLEMENTS OF THE SCYTHIAN PERIOD IN THE FOREST-STEPPE DON AREA". In Hypanis. Труды отдела классической археологии ИА РАН. Crossref, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.25681/iaras.2021.978-5-94375-350-3.218-228.
Abstract (sommario):
До недавнего времени в изучении памятников скифского времени на Среднем Дону существовал ряд мало изученных направлений. Одним из таких направлений остается поселенческая археология. С самого начала исследования древностей раннего железного века в этом регионе археологов в большей степени привлекали подкурганные захоронения, а не городища и неукрепленные поселения. Однако именно исследования укрепленных и неукрепленных поселений являются весьма важным звеном в реконструкции целостной картины, сложившейся на территории Подонья в скифское время. В статье рассматриваются основные принципы создания оборонительных сооружений на укрепленных поселениях лесостепного Дона в скифское время – 5–4 вв. до н. э. При возведении укреплений важную роль играла топографическая составляющая. Рельеф местности диктовал создание оборонительных сооружений в местах наиболее уязвимых при нападении неприятеля. Что касается топографии, то все городища довольно однообразны. В ландшафтном отношении эти памятники имеют общие черты. Они расположены либо на краю возвышенных плато, либо на береговых мысах, ограниченных реками или оврагами. С напольной, незащищенной естественными преградами стороны городища укреплены валами и рвами. На данной территории укрепления городищ были изучены более чем на тридцати памятниках. Практически на всех из них присутствовали следы деревянных конструкций, которые защищали эти поселения в начале их существования. На примере наиболее ярких и информативных памятников сделаны выводы об этапах строительства и технологических особенностях фортификационных систем. В работе рассмотрены некоторые специфические приемы при сооружении укреплений. Например, при исследовании городища Россошки I, мы столкнулись с попыткой усилить конструкцию вала путем планомерного обжига его глиняной основы. На многих памятниках выявлена тенденция к усложнению оборонительных систем в ходе их перестройки. Несомненно, что подобные укрепления несут в себе ряд технологических особенностей, некоторые из которых остаются непонятыми. Объединяет их одно – все они служили защитой на ранних этапах существования поселений. В результате проделанного анализа укреплений, можно сказать, что население лесостепного Дона в строительной области достигло высокого уровня, по праву заняв свое место среди наиболее развитых племён раннего железного века Восточной Европы. Основные технические приёмы при возведении оборонительных конструкций, также как при строительстве жилых и хозяйственных сооружений во многом схожи с теми, что применялись другими племенами лесостепной Скифии. Однако особенности историко - географического расположения (пограничье с сарматскими племенами), а также благо приятные природно-климатические условия (развитые речные системы, обилие лесных массивов) наложили свой отпечаток на местную культуру и позволяют выделить эту территорию как локальный регион. So far in the studies of the Scythian period culture of the Middle Don area there were several not properly investigated subjects, among them the archaeology of settlements. From the very beginning of the Early Iron Age studies scholars were for the most part attracted by barrows and burial mounds, not by fortified or unfortified settlements. However, only the study of these settlements can provide an important contribution to our understanding of the Scythian culture of the Don area. The paper considers the main principles of building defensive structures at fortified settle ments of the forest-steppe Don area in the Scythian time – 5th–4th centuries BC. The landscape was an important factor affecting the process. It required the building of defensive structures in the most vulnerable places. As for their topography, all the settlements are more or less standard in terms of the landscape features. They are located either by the edges of high plateau or on forelands by river banks, terminated by rivers or ravines. Walls and trenches defended the settlements from the side opening towards flat fields. Fortifications of over thirty settlements have been studied. Almost at all of them traces of wooden structures are visible, remnants of the initial defensive walls. Most vivid and informative sites provide data on the stages of work and technological peculiarities. When studying the site of Rossoshki I we came over an attempt to strengthen the construction of the wall by continuous firing of its clay foundation. There are doubtless some technical peculiarities which can not be explained. They all had, however, one common feature – they served to defend. One can speak of a high level of defensive architecture of the forest-steppe Don area, prominent even among the most developed Early Iron Age tribes of Eastern Europe. The principal technologies were the same as used for erecting walls, dwellings and stores of the forest steppe regions of Scythia. The forest-steppe Don area can be distinguished as a local region, taking into account its proximity to Sarmatian tribes and its comfortable landscape (developed river systems, huge forests).
3
Salazar Alvarez, Sergio Arnoldo. "IMAGINARIOS URBANOS E IDENTIDAD EN DOS BARRIOS DE SANTIAGO DE CHILE." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Bogotá: Universidad Piloto de Colombia, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.10152.
Abstract (sommario):
The notion of heritage is in constant revision, demanded by new meanings in the city and its inhabitants. The research studied two neighborhoods in Santiago de Chile, their heritage values, and urban imaginations. The hypothesis was proposed that these express the tension between the tangible and the perception of the city at different scales and would be key to articulating architectural projects that solve problems in their communities. Some triggering questions were: What is the relationship between the real (tangible) and the imagined (perception)? What is the role of urban design for the construction of communities and places?
A series of reading operations are proposed, which describe the mobile and static areas where conjectures and images rest on two neighborhoods to work with students: World Musicians - Chile Population, in San Joaquín, and San Eugenio in the Central Station district - Santiago. The presentation exposes the process and result of this research project of the UNIACC University Architecture career carried out during the years 2020 and 2021.
Keywords: Urban imaginaries, neighborhood, industrial heritage, teaching instruments.
Topic: Landscape analysis and management. Cultural landscapes. La noción de patrimonio está en constante revisión, exigida por nuevos significados en la ciudad y sus habitantes. La investigación estudió dos barrios en Santiago de Chile, sus valores patrimoniales e imaginarios urbanos. Se propuso la hipótesis de que éstos expresan la tensión entre lo tangible y la percepción de la ciudad a diferentes escalas, y serían claves para articular proyectos arquitectónicos que resuelvan problemas de sus comunidades. Algunas preguntan detonantes fueron: ¿Cuál es la relación entre lo real (tangible) y lo imaginado (percepción)? ¿Cuál es el rol del diseño urbano para la construcción de comunidades y lugares?
Se proponen una serie de operaciones de lectura, que describen las zonas móviles y estáticas donde reposan las conjeturas e imágenes sobre dos barrios a trabajar con estudiantes: Músicos del Mundo - Población Chile, en San Joaquín, y San Eugenio en la comuna de Estación Central - Santiago. La ponencia expone el proceso y resultado de este proyecto de investigación de la carrera de Arquitectura de Universidad UNIACC ejecutado durante los años 2020 y 2021.
Palabras clave: imaginarios urbanos, barrio, patrimonio industrial, instrumentos de enseñanza.
Bloque temático: Análisis y ordenación del paisaje. Paisajes culturales.
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Sáenz de Tejada Granados, Carlota, Eva Juana Rodríguez Romero e Rocío Santo-Tomás Muro. "Influence of energy paradigm shifts on city boundaries. The productive peripheries of Madrid". In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.5343.
Abstract (sommario):
Influence of energy paradigm shifts on city boundaries. The productive peripheries of Madrid Carlota Sáenz de Tejada Granados¹, Eva J. Rodríguez Romero², Rocío Santo-Tomás Muro3 1, 2, 3 Departamento de Arquitectura y Diseño. Universidad CEU San Pablo. Escuela Politécnica Superior, Campus de Montepríncipe. 28668 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid. E-mail: carlota.saenztejada@ceu.es, rodrom@ceu.es, rocio.santotomasmuro@beca.ceu.es Keywords: energy landscape, periphery, urban history, urban form, Madrid Conference topics and scale: City transformations The promotion or access to certain energy technologies has changed the humanized landscape throughout history; cities have been born around, and because of an energy source, or have been displaced in order for energy-related infrastructures to take their spot. However, and for any city from its very beginning, energy paradigm shifts have deeply altered their morphology. Not only extraction, but especially transformation and transport of resources materializes in artefacts, often controversial and soon-to-be obsolete. This is especially patent in the ever-changing city boundaries; the fringe of ‘proximity’, where the collision between the countryside and the urban mesh embodies the relations and contradictions between urban growth, energy demand and landscape protection. In a context of growing cities (both in terms of expansion of its artificial land and in terms of energy demand), we are facing two paths which not always converge: an inevitable low carbon transition and a growing sensitivity towards ordinary landscapes. This article, within the framework of the project ‘Proximity landscapes of the city of Madrid. From the 19thC to the present’, studies the development of the city of Madrid in relation to its energy access and management, in a series of key stages: mid-19thC (before the bourgeois enlargement plan approved in 1860), early 20thC (when the introduction of electricity powered a deep urban transformation and outlaying urban cores were annexed), mid-late 20thC (when a rural exodus took place and the peripheries of Madrid grew rapidly) and today. References Ivancic, A. (2010) Land&Scape Series: Energyscapes (Gustavo Gili, Barcelona). Mumford, L. (2010, original 1934) Technics and Civilization (The University of Chicago Press, Chicago). Pinto, V. (coord.) (1995-2001) Madrid. Atlas Histórico de la Ciudad, Vol.1-Vol.2 (Lunwerg Editors and Fundación Caja Madrid, Madrid). Terán, F. (2006) En torno a Madrid. Génesis espacial de una región urbana (Autonomous Community of Madrid, Madrid). Vicente, V. (2015) El Ensanche Sur. Arganzuela (1860-1931). Los barrios negros (Los libros de la Catarata, Madrid). Zoido, F. (2006) ‘Paisaje e infraestructuras, una relación de interés mutuo’, Carreteras: Revista técnica de la Asociación Española de la Carretera, 150, 190-199.
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Arif, Muhammad, e Abdulla Mohammed Al Jneibi. "Enhancing Gas Injection Compressors Performance by Lateral Thinking Resulting in 0.62 Million Barrels Oil Per Year Additional Production Capacity at Zero Cost". In Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition & Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/208186-ms.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract The Fourth Industrial Revolution (4.0) in Oil & Gas Industry creates a dynamic landscape where Operational Excellence (OE) strives for stability, quality, and efficiency while continuing to serve an increasingly demanding customer. Operational excellence is a journey, not a sole destination. Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (ADNOC) Onshore, one of the South East Fields, oil production capacity was constrained due to the limitation of associated gas handling capacity of the compressors. Gas flow towards the compressor was not steady due to natural flowing wells non-steady behavior and this disturbance cannot be removed from the system. The situation was quite complicated. In order to produce oil, associated gas must be handled to avoid flaring. It was more than a challenge to increase the compressors effective capacity without any hardware modification. Since flaring is not permitted in ADNOC and running of huge capacity standby compressor was not economically viable, therefore, Field Operations by lateral thinking transformed this challenging situation into an opportunity and enhanced compressor effective capacity by expanding its operating envelope to handle additional gas. One innovative solution proposed by Field Operations was to expand the pressure-operating envelope of the machine to withstand high pressures without tripping. The idea was to increase the machine throughput by elevating the machine high-pressure trip set point along with Pressure Safety Valve (PSV) set point elevation. This submission shares success story of an oil field Operations in house efforts to enhance the gas injection compressor effective capacity by 600 MSCFD which subsequently increased the oil production capacity by 1700 bopd or 0.62 million barrels oil per year by Operational Excellence. Operational Excellence played its role with a value improvement objective. Rather than replacing successful practices and programs, Operational Excellence knitted them into a larger, fully integrated tapestry woven to increase value produced within the overall business strategy which is very evident in this scenario. This case study is blend of Operations Excellence and innovation representing Management support to employee to solve complex problems. Such support is always beneficial for the company and employee. Management of change process for followed to study, analyze and implement the idea.
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Soria Delgado, José, e Gabriela Naranjo Serrano. "DESARROLLO DE SOBERANÍA ALIMENTARIA DENTRO DEL TERRITORIO URBANO DE QUITO. Caso de estudio: La Tola, La Tola Baja, La Loma y San Marcos." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Grup de Recerca en Urbanisme, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.12720.
Abstract (sommario):
The food supply in Quito is part of a big urban system that obtain its resources from abroad the city and produces waste in a linear and unsustainable form. Marketplaces, supermarkets and shopping centers, regardless of providing food and other relatives services, are often rule by a pattern that foster massive consumption, pollution, the increase of distribution chains and waste. Based on the hypothesis that in Quito exists auspicious areas for the development of food sovereignty, the main objective of this investigation, is to seek for zones inside the consolidated urban area, that are underserved of a marketplace or shopping center within a 15-minute walking radius, through a mapping analysis made in 2020. The research recognizes La Loma, La Tola, La Tola Baja and san Marcos as critical and suitable neighborhoods for the planification of sustainable models based on local production and the integration of green area into the city, putting forward a Mass Plan that take to advantages of the conditions of the territory. Keywords: Food sovereignty, agricultural landscape, Quito, La Tola, food supply, sustainable production. El abastecimiento de alimentos en Quito forma parte de un sistema urbano que consume productos externos de la ciudad y produce desperdicios de forma insostenible. Los mercados y centros comerciales, a pesar de abastecer de alimentos y demás servicios, generalmente se rigen bajo un modelo que promueve el consumo, la producción de basura y la huella de carbono. Bajo la hipótesis de que existen zonas propicias para el desarrollo de barrios con soberanía alimentaria. A través de mapeos y de análisis cartográficos, se busca identificar en Quito, zonas urbanas desabastecidas de un mercado o centro comercial en un radio de 15 minutos caminando. El estudio determina los barrios de La Loma, La Tola, La Tola Baja y San Marcos como lugares propicios para la planificación de modelos sostenibles con producción local y la inclusión del paisaje agrícola dentro de la ciudad, estableciendo un Plan Piloto que aprovecha las circunstancias territoriales. Palabras clave: soberanía alimentaria, paisaje agrícola, Quito, La Tola, abastecimiento de alimentos, producción sostenible
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Mohite, S. D. D. "Downstream Refining and Petrochemicals Challenges - Future Configuration". In SPE Energy Resources Conference. SPE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/spe-169979-ms.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract Precise predictions and solutions for tomorrow's needs are the key to building a growing, sustainable business. This requires a mixture of vision, strategic risk taking business model and investment in new technology. Refining trends forecast is useful for predicting possible landscape, where in challenge would be to meet twice the energy levels from today with half the CO2 emissions by 2030. Increasing and diversification of world's energy supplies to support the population of over 8 billion then would be a mammoth task, given that the triangle of energy, food and water will be crucial. Three fundamental factors that will influence and shape this setting are: Global products demand will rise by 1.1% - 1.3% annually by 2030 to over 115 million barrels per day, with marginal influence of crude oil prices;Reinforced legislation targeting reduction of GHG emissions, requiring improved clean transportation and bunker fuels - accounting 2/3rd of total demand and growth;Refining and Petrochemicals form the backbone of global economics and meeting demand with inevitable steady profitability is a major task possibly also using alternative unconventional sources. In competitive context – innovation, operational excellence and implementation of robust strategies are critical for sustenance and growth. Project returns can however be enhanced by incorporating integration principles and model at the design stage itself. Whilst development pace of new technologies would accelerate which can radically alter business structure in certain geographies, question remains on what makes a successful project come to fruition. The presentation discusses futuristic economic unlocking of value by application of technology models and best practices by utilizing various feed-stocks, including natural gas as a main competitor and maximum upgrading bottom-of-the-barrel. Besides, novel process designs and operational control would be squeezed as it is invariably the last fraction which is most difficult to remove! This paper contains forward-looking scenario about global Refining strategy, Petrochemicals feed-stock cost advantages, technology diversification routes to maximize returns from cheaper sources, financial performance and economics, growth opportunities in various countries, sectors or markets, besides a focus on Europe and GCC regions and current projects in Kuwait. However, these involve uncertainty as they depend mainly on future circumstances like commercializing R&D, not all of which can be controlled or accurately predicted, hence are directional for investment decisions.
Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Barrows landscape":
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Løvschal, Mette, Havananda Ombashi, Marianne Høyem Andreasen, Bo Ejstrud, Renée Enevikd, Astrid Jensen, Mette Klingenberg, Søren Munch Kristiansen e Nina Helt Nielsen. The Protected Burial Mound ‘Store Vejlhøj’, Vinderup, Denmark: First Results. Det Kgl. Bibliotek, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/aulsps-e.479.
Abstract (sommario):
An archaeological excavation of the protected burial mound Store Vejlhøj in northwestern Denmark was carried out in October-November 2021. The excavation formed part of the ERC-funded research project called ANTHEA, focusing on the deep history of anthropogenic heathlands. It was conducted by Aarhus University in collaboration with Holstebro Museum and Moesgaard Museum. The aim was to test a new method of sampling pollen data from different construction stages in a burial mound and comparing them with pollen data from nearby lake sediments with a view to improving our understanding of prehistoric anthropogenic heathland dynamics. Prior to the excavation, soil cores were collected from two nearby peat sediments as well as six burial mounds (including Store Vejlhøj) within a 1 km range of Lake Skånsø, where previous pollen analyses had been carried out. Based on these preliminary corings, Store Vejlhøj was selected for further archaeological investigation. A dispensation for excavating the protected mound was granted by the Danish Palaces and Culture Agency. The excavation was based on a 5 m long trench through the barrow, moving from its foot inwards. The surface vegetation and 40 cm topsoil were removed by an excavator, after which the remainder of the trench was manually dug in horizontal layers. Observation conditions were good. The excavation revealed a series of well-defined barrow construction stages, as well as unusually wellpreserved turf structures. Only two archaeological finds could be related to the barrow, both of which were later than its initial construction: a secondary urn in the top layer, and the base of a second urn at the foot of the mound. The burial mound was constructed using a minimum of three shells, which could be observed in the trench profile. Turfs were most probably collected locally in a landscape dominated by grass pastures, where no previous turf cutting had taken place. A total of 34 soil samples were collected for paleoecological analyses (pollen, Non-Pollen Polymorphs (NPPs), macrofossils) and geoarchaeological analyses (micromorphology, bulk samples). Preliminary pollen and macrofossil results from the burial mound revealed poor preservation conditions, which prompted a trench extension of 0.5 m by 0.2 m to find better preservation conditions. This extension resulted in the collection of a single final macrofossil sample, although there was no identifiable change in the in-situ preservation conditions. The dating results of the mound have not yet been completed and will be included as appendix 4-6 in 2023.