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1
Kudryavtseva, Anastasia A. "The Balkan Peninsula in 1912-1913 and the Aggravation of the Situation on the Eve of the First World War". IZVESTIYA VUZOV SEVERO-KAVKAZSKII REGION SOCIAL SCIENCE, n. 3 (219) (25 settembre 2023): 92–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.18522/2687-0770-2023-3-92-96.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The key issues of increasing international tension on the Balkan Peninsula before the First World War are considered. The subject of the study is the Balkan Peninsula, located at the crossroads of civilizations, which has been the sphere of geopolitical interests of various coalitions for thousands of years. The Balkan Wars of 1912-1913 are presented as a pivotal moment in the history of the peninsula in the 20th century. First of all, the process of national liberation of the territories of the Balkans from Ottoman rule, as well as the process of military actions aimed at gaining independence, is considered. The article analyzes the importance played by the countries of the Balkan peninsula during the Balkan Wars of 1912-1913, and also shows the actions of these countries to form the moods they need to achieve the greatest territorial gains. At the same time, the role of the great powers, primarily Russia, in the process of the Balkan conflicts is analyzed. The chronicle of the foreign policy events of the early 20th century related to Russia's participation in the solution of the Balkan issue is researched. On the basis of publications of that time, the existing image of Bulgaria and Serbia is reconstructed, an attempt is made to restore the real picture of the life of these states on the eve of the First World War and its features, to understand the peculiarity of Westernization “in the Balkan way”. The complex of the two Balkan wars of 1912-1913 is considered primarily as a basis for the development of the future conflictogenicity of the region, which led to the First World War.
2
Novik, Alexander. "Midwives, Babos Dita and Children in the Ritual Practices of Budzhak and Azov Albanians in the 20th — early 21st centuries". Stratum plus. Archaeology and Cultural Anthropology, n. 5 (31 ottobre 2023): 205–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.55086/sp235205216.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The study addresses the status of women involved in childbirth, as well as the role of ritual practices associated with Babin Day (Babos Dita), in the past and present among the descendants of Albanian colonists in Budzhak and the Sea of Azov — with the main focus on the analysis of ways to express gratitude to those who know from the local community. The study aims to identify the conditions and mechanisms for the preservation of archaic beliefs and the entry of innovations into the traditional sphere. The nature of the holiday held in honor of midwives, which is also widely celebrated in the Balkans (primarily in Bulgaria), today does not have a narrowly oriented sexual or gender orientation, but is closely related to fertility. All available options for motivation and scenarios for holding a holiday come from the common root of festive rituals, which is based on the desire to glorify a woman’s ability to bear children. The research, based on the author’s long-term field observations, carried out from 1998 to 2022 both on the territory of Ukraine and Russia, and in the Balkans, allows us to conclude that the Albanians of Budzhak and the Sea of Azov, whose ancestors migrated from the Balkan Peninsula and the islands of the Archipelago in the last quarter of 18th (modern Rostov region) — the beginning of the 19th century (present-day Odessa and Zaporozhye regions), retained the same beliefs and ritual, as well as magical practices, which were largely unchanged from the time of their residence in the area of exodus. The analysis of these practices will help us understand a way to preserve traditions.
3
Agafoshin, M. M., e S. A. Gorokhov. "Impact of external migration on changes in the Swedish religious landscape". Baltic Region 12, n. 2 (2020): 84–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5922/2079-8555-2020-2-6.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
For most of its history, Sweden has been a country dominated by the Lutheran Church, having the status of the official state religion. Starting in mid-to-late 20th century, mass immigration to Europe had a considerable impact on the confessional structure of Sweden’s population. The growing number of refugees from the Balkan Peninsula, the Middle East, and Africa has turned Sweden into a multi-religious state. Sweden has become one of the leaders among the EU countries as far as the growth rates of adherents of Islam are concerned. Immigrants are exposed to adaptation difficulties causing their social, cultural and geographical isolation and making relatively isolated migrant communities emerge. This study aims at finding correlation between the changes in the confessional structure of Swedish population (as a result of the growing number of non-Christians) and the geographical structure of migrant flows into the country. This novel study addresses the mosaic structure of the Swedish religious landscape taking into account the cyclical dynamics of replacement of Protestantism by Islam. The methods we created make it possible to identify further trends in the Sweden’s religious landscape. This study adds to results of the complex sociological and demographic studies of the confessional structure of the Swedish population.
4
Blinov, Yevhen. "Topics and problems of modern Ukrainian periodicals in the Balkans (on the example of «Nova dumka» and «Ridne slovo» magazines)". Dialog: media studios, n. 28 (31 marzo 2023): 32–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2308-3255.2022.28.268484.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Ukraine is currently undergoing the most severe period in modern history. In this sense, a very important task for the authorities and society is to establish interaction with the civil society of European countries, to strengthen relations with the people of the Balkan Peninsula, with whom Ukrainians are connected by common spiritual and cultural heritage. the descendants of immigrants from Ukrainian lands – Ukrainians and Ruthenians – have been living on the territory of Croatia and Serbia for several centuries. In addition to historical, cultural and political interests, this article has a journalistic scientific interest, because the official periodicals of the Croatian Ruthenians («Nova Dumka») and the Serbian Ukrainians («Ridne Slovo») for the years 2021-2022 are subject to analysis. The analysis of the implementation of the state policy towards the Balkan Ruthenians and Ukrainians based on the research of the periodicals can be useful for the political circles of Ukraine. Studying the cultural activities of representatives of the Ukrainian diaspora in the countries of the former Yugoslavia, scientists also paid some attention to periodicals. At the same time, the recent events in Ukraine that shook the whole world, for obvious reasons, have not yet come into the focus of such scientists. This article is based on the study of the topics and issues of the periodicals «Nova Dumka» and «Ridne Slovo». Genre features were also investigated. A comparative analysis of journalistic tools used by editors and contributors was conducted. The results of the study allow us to draw conclusions about a certain similarity in the construction of periodicals, the coincidence of genre preferences of the authors. The Ruthenian and Ukrainian periodicals also share an interest in such topics as the government’s activities in the field of national minorities, cultural events, the spiritual life of ethnic groups, and the historical memory of Ruthenians and Ukrainians. At the same time, the painful consequences of the war in the Balkans, which took place at the end of the 20th century, were most vividly reflected in the publications in «Nova Dumka». Both periodicals are interested in Ukrainian topics. A sharp surge in the number of relevant publications took place after the beginning of the full-scale invasion of Russia on the territory of Ukraine. Support for Ukraine, sympathy and readiness to help Ukrainian refugees became the leitmotif of publications in «Nova Dumka» and Ridne Slovo» in the winter and spring of 2022. The results achieved during the research allow us to assess the specifics of modern european periodicals, to learn about the peculiarities of the internal politics of the Balkan states, and to draw conclusions about the problems and social attitudes of Ruthenians and Ukrainians in Eastern Europe.
5
Grcic, Mirko. "Cvijic's perception of geographical position of Serbia". Glasnik Srpskog geografskog drustva 88, n. 2 (2008): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsgd0802003g.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Jovan Cvijic was a great geographer from the first half of 20th century. In this article, we considered the issue of position and role that Serbia has at Balkan Peninsula, in the context of Cvijic's theory about 'characteristics of integration and permeation', as well as about the opposite 'characteristics of isolation and separation'. This theory has become important in recent time through its relation with the 'center-periphery' theory. The aim of this article is to compare Cvijic's images of the position of Serbia at the first half of 20th century with present situation.
6
Bedini, Belina. "Italian Foreign Policy between Albania and the Balkans (1910-1939)". Interdisciplinary Journal of Research and Development 11, n. 1 (23 marzo 2024): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.56345/ijrdv11n116.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper analyses the dynamics of Italian diplomacy in Albania from the beginning of the 20th century until 1939, when the Fascists occupied Albania. The primary purpose of this paper is to show how the interests of Italy, combined with the political and economic conditions of the country and, more broadly, of the Balkan peninsula, have changed constantly. Considering the Italian and Albanian diplomatic documents and broader literature, this paper will show the dynamics that shaped the development of Italy's foreign policy concerning Albania and the Balkans in the first three decades of the century. Therefore, in the beginning, it will explain why Albania was relevant to Italian interests. In the context of the Balkan wars, Italy shared its interest with the Austria-Hungarian Empire because it aimed also to control the Adriatic Sea. Afterwards, Yugoslavia was one of Italy's rivals on the Peninsula. Being aware that Albania, like other countries in the Mediterranean, enjoys high interest from the great powers, Italy often tried to receive the UK's and France's approval on some of its moves. Hence, international events like the Balkan wars and WWI and Italian and Albanian political leaders did have a relevant role in shaping foreign policy toward the Balkans and Albania.
Received: 19 February 2024 / Accepted: 15 March 2024 / Published: 23 March 2024
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Vukojicic, Snezana, Ksenija Jakovljevic, Sanja Djurovic, Nevena Kuzmanovic, Ivana Jankovic e Vladimir Stevanovic. "Typification of the plant names described by Nedeljko Košanin from the Balkan Peninsula". Phytotaxa 163, n. 2 (24 marzo 2014): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.163.2.4.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Nedeljko Košanin was one of the most important Serbian botanists from the beginning of the 20th Century. He dedicated most of his life to investigate the flora of Southern Serbia as well as Albania and the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. Since he was working at the Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden in Belgrade, the majority of his collection is deposited in BEOU. While describing new taxa, in most of his publications he did not indicate the holotype. The present study discusses the lectotypification of 7 names published by Košanin alone, or with his contemporaries.
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Tsiamis, Costas, Georgia Vrioni, Effie Poulakou-Rebelakou, Vasiliki Gennimata, Mariana А. Murdjeva e Athanasios Tsakris. "Medical and Social Aspects of Syphilis in the Balkans from the mid-19th Century to the Interwar". Folia Medica 58, n. 1 (1 marzo 2016): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/folmed-2016-0001.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract The current study presents some aspects of syphilis in the Balkan Peninsula from the 19th century until the Interwar. Ever since the birth of modern Balkan States (Greece, Bulgaria, Turkey and Serbia), urbanization, poverty and the frequent wars have been considered the major factors conducive to the spread of syphilis. The measures against sex work and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) were taken in two aspects, one medical and the other legislative. In this period, numerous hospitals for venereal diseases were established in the Balkan countries. In line with the international diagnostic approach and therapeutic standards, laboratory examinations in these Balkan hospitals included spirochete examination, Wassermann reaction, precipitation reaction and cerebrospinal fluid examination. Despite the strict legislation and the adoption of relevant laws against illegal sex work, public health services were unable to curb the spread of syphilis. Medical and social factors such as poverty, citizen’s ignorance of STDs, misguided medical perceptions, lack of sanitary control of prostitution and epidemiological studies, are highlighted in this study. These factors were the major causes that helped syphilis spread in the Balkan countries during the 19th and early 20th century. The value of these aspects as a historic paradigm is diachronic. Failure to comply with the laws and the dysfunction of public services during periods of war or socioeconomic crises are both factors facilitating the spread of STDs.
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Iskenderov, Petr. "Balkan railways as a geopolitical factor (1878–1914)". OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2023, n. 12-2 (1 dicembre 2023): 04–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202312statyi31.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article is devoted to the geopolitical role of the railways in the Balkans at the beginning of the 20th century. The author analyzes the plans of the great powers as well as the Balkan states. The article is based on unpublished archive documents.
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Velimirović, Ana, Zoran Jovović, Dragan Perović, Heike Lehnert, Sanja Mikić, Dragan Mandić, Novo Pržulj, Giacomo Mangini e Mariella Matilde Finetti-Sialer. "SNP Diversity and Genetic Structure of “Rogosija”, an Old Western Balkan Durum Wheat Collection". Plants 12, n. 5 (3 marzo 2023): 1157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12051157.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Durum wheat landraces represent a genetic resource for the identification and isolation of new valuable genes and alleles, useful to increase the crop adaptability to climate change. Several durum wheat landraces, all denominated “Rogosija”, were extensively cultivated in the Western Balkan Peninsula until the first half of the 20th century. Within the conservation program of the Montenegro Plant Gene Bank, these landraces were collected, but without being characterized. The main goal of this study was to estimate the genetic diversity of the “Rogosija collection” consisting of 89 durum accessions, using 17 morphological descriptors and the 25K Illumina single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array. The genetic structure analysis of the Rogosija collection showed two distinguished clusters localized in two different Montenegro eco-geographic micro-areas, characterized by continental Mediterranean climate and maritime Mediterranean climate. Data suggest that these clusters could be composed of two different Balkan durum landrace collections evolved in two different eco-geographic micro-areas. Moreover, the origin of Balkan durum landraces is discussed.
11
Zielke, Eberhard. "On two remarkable species of Azeliinae (Diptera: Muscidae), previously unknown from the Balkans, but collected from Bulgaria already in the 20th century". Historia naturalis bulgarica 30 (31 ottobre 2018): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.48027/hnb.30.01001.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Achanthiptera rohrelliformis (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830) and Hydrotaea aenescens (Wiedemann, 1830), two species of the subfamily Azeliinae (Muscidae), are recorded for the first time from Bulgaria, although they have been already collected around 1908 and 1973, respectively. Due to the fact that the specimen of A. rohrelliformis has not been determined earlier and that males and females of H. aenescens have been erroneously assigned to Ophyra leucostoma (Wiedemann, 1817), the findings of the two species, new to the muscid fauna from Bulgaria and the Balkan Peninsula, are only reported now.
12
Jezernik, Božidar. "Western perceptions of Turkish towns in the Balkans". Urban History 25, n. 2 (agosto 1998): 211–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s096392680000081x.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
ABSTRACTThe article was conceived as a guided tour through the Balkan Peninsula including descriptions of two selected towns from Hungary, Croatia, Rumania, Bulgaria, Greece, Albania, Serbia, Montenegro, Macedonia and Bosnia-Herzegovina. It gives a summary of Western perceptions of the Balkan towns as noted by Western Europeans who visited the area in different periods from the seventeenth century onwards. The civilization they found and described there was a part of an entity encompassing the material and spiritual culture of urban life in the Near East. During the nineteenth century the Balkans underwent major political changes and contemporary travellers' reports were rich with observations about the process of ‘Europeanization’ of the Balkan towns. During the process which meant nationalism and fragmentation in what had been a fairly uniform culture area, paradoxically, ‘Balkanization’ was the final result.
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Anđelković, Miša. "Fallen fighters from the villages of Činiglavci, Obrenovac, Srećkovac, Planinica and Milojkovac and their memorials". Pirotski zbornik, n. 47 (2022): 83–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/pirotzbor2247083a.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The whirlwind of war from the beginning and end of the 20th century on the Balkan Peninsula also affected the villages on the outskirts of the Pirot municipality. Conscripted soldiers, volunteers and mobilized population of the villages of Činiglavac, Obrenovac, Srećkovac, Planinica and Milojkovac took part in the Balkan wars of 1912-1913, the First and Second World War, as well as in the wars of 1991-1999, and some of them died. Civilian population suffered, too. Today monuments dedicated to fallen soldiers, memorial plaques, memorial boards as well as tombstones evidence all those events. This work aims to emphasize the importance of the memorials but also to point out the differences in the spelling of the names, surnames and middle letters of the fallen fighters, as well as the place and the year of their death. In addition to the sources from the archives and literature, the author used private collection of documents, statements of the fallen fighters descendants as well as the data from the memorials and tombstones of the fallen fighters.
14
Averyanov, Yuri. "Источники по истории суфийской обители Сейида Али Султана (г. Димотика, Греция)". Islamology 6, n. 1 (4 marzo 2013): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.24848/islmlg.06.1.02.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper is devoted to one of renowned abdals (saints) who migrated to Balkan in the 14th century. It is Seyyid ‘Ali Sultan who was nicknamed Qyzyl-deli. The author reconstructed his life on the basis of the wide spectrum of written sources: historical chronicles, hagiography (particularly, «Vilayet-name-i Seyyid ‘Ali Sultan»), mystic hymns (nefes) and waqfs. According to the Bektashi tradition, Seyyid ‘Ali Sultan was the link between Haji Bektash and Balym Sultan who has been educated in his tekke. The author puts his figure between two mystical type: the doctrine of the early Sufi masters of Bektashiyya and «janissarian» Sufism of the 16th century. He also touches upon the issue of history of genesis of Sufi tekkes in the Balkan peninsula in the early centuries of the Ottoman conquest.
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Alizade, Arif. "The dream of armenians about the creation of a great Armenia. Resettlement of armenians to the Caucasus". Scientific Bulletin 3 (2021): 52–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.54414/yytx1246.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article deals with the ethnic character, ethnic psychology, inhuman qualities of the Armenians, their historical settlements (the Balkan Peninsula, Mesopotamia, Anatolia), their betrayal towards those who used the Arabs in the Arab-Byzantine war in the Middle Ages, the belonging of the church to the Armenian community after the loss of the traditions of statehood (the same today). The settlement of Russians in the Caucasus in the early 19th century, which led to destabilization, the formation of the Armenian Dashnak government (the Republic of Ararat) at the expense of historical Azerbaijani lands in the early 20th century. Further, the author examines the events of the collapse of the USSR, and new land claims with the "blessing" of international forces, and in the end, the author shows the unity of the Azerbaijani people around the head of state, the liberation of our lands from the enemy, the national spirit, strength and honor of the Azerbaijani people.
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Latkov, A. "Strategic Interests of Germany in the Balkans at the Turn of 20-21 Centuries". MGIMO Review of International Relations, n. 4(37) (28 agosto 2014): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2014-4-37-101-108.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
After the reunification of Germany and the transition of some countries of central and Eastern Europe under the control of the West, radical changes in the European political system have occurred. Germany turned into a powerful state and began to provide the strategy for independent foreign policy, in which the regional policy in the Balkans, Caucasus and Middle East took the significant place. Germany tried to expand its influence to the countries of Balkan Peninsula, in alliance with Austria-Hungary against Russia, as well as in the beginning of 21st century. However, in the end of 20th century, after several failures in the foreign policy, Germany turned to Russia. Despite its expansionist policy, Germany had to coordinate every step with international organizations or even transfer them issues of conflict resolution in the region. Constantly competing with its allies (mainly the U.S. and UK), Germany was trying to build its foreign policy strategy in the way of increasing its influence in the strategically important region.
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Boriqi, Dr Sc Gjon. "Geo-Regional Security and Transformation After the Balkan's Wars and Kosova Independence". ILIRIA International Review 4, n. 2 (8 febbraio 2016): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.21113/iir.v4i2.40.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
During the '90-ies the wars in the former territories of what was called Yugoslavia marked the end of a century plenty of wars and local armed conflicts. More than 140 million people died because of wars in the XX century. The war of Kosova was the last one in that century. The beginning of the XXI century stressed the necessity for a new way of thinking nationally, regionally and globally. The Balkans were often considered as a gun powder territory. All the Balkans states, someone more and someone less, have problems with each other. History was and remained very passionate within the Balkan countries. The case of Kosova is possibly the most sensitive in all this framework. After the proclamation of independence on February 17 2008, the concerns were high within the region and a new question was questioned: would the map of the Balkan peninsula change again to form another "Kosovo"? This article would give some details about the geopolitical situation in the Balkans focusing on Kosova and would try to establish e new way of making politics and diplomacy though deterrence and not offence. We will try to overpass history but without neglecting it, but by learning from its mistakes in order to bring a better Peace-Building aspect for the Balkan region.
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Ďurčanský, Marek, e Daniela Brádlerová. "Jaroslav Bidlo and Milada Paulová: On the Institutionalisation of Czech Historical Slavonic Studies in the First Half of the Twentieth Century". Historia Slavorum Occidentis 35, n. 4 (2022): 196–228. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/hso220408.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This study follows the academic careers of Jaroslav Bidlo and Milada Paulová, focusing on their organisational activities in the realm of historical Slavonic studies. Both were professors of general history, specialising in the history of Eastern Europe and the Balkan Peninsula at the Faculty of Philosophy (Charles University, Prague). Their names are thus tied to the development of Czech historical Slavonic studies since their beginnings in late 19th and early 20thcenturies until the 1960s.
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Khizriyev, Ali Kh, e Maryam A. Nurudinova. "Features of the Slave Trade in the Middle East in Modern Times". Vestnik of North Ossetian State University, n. 2 (25 giugno 2024): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.29025/1994-7720-2024-2-33-39.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Slave trade in the Middle East in the 18th – early 20th centuries. represents one of the most significant and important topics in the history of the Middle East region and the Arabian Peninsula. During this period, Arab traders played a leading role in the slave trade, transporting thousands of slaves from deep Africa and other parts of the world to the Arabian Peninsula. This article examines the history, causes and consequences of the slave trade in the Middle East in the 18th-20th centuries. In the 18th century it was the Trans-Saharan slave market that was considered one of the most significant and large-scale in the eastern part of Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. This period of history was characterized by intensive slave movements and large-scale exploitation of the African population in the Arab countries of Arabia. Trans-Saharan slave trade in the 18th century played an important role in the history of the entire region, including the Arabian Peninsula. This direction of the slave trade had a significant impact on the social and economic development of the countries of the Near and Middle East, and also contributed to the establishment of trade relations between Arab and European countries. Studying this topic helps to better understand the history of the slave trade in this region and its consequences.
20
Smirnitsky, Alexander Evgenievich. "Zhivotich A. “Balkan front” of the Cold War: The USSR and Yugoslav-Albanian Relations. 1945-1968 / ed. A. B. Yedensky. Moscow – Saint Petersburg: Institute of Slavic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Nestor-History, 2022. 288 p.: Book review". Manuscript 17, n. 3 (7 maggio 2024): 148–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.30853/mns20240021.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The reviewed publication sheds light on the history of interstate relations between the USSR, Yugoslavia, and Albania in the postwar period. The author presents these relations in the context of the broad geopolitical changes that the world underwent after the end of World War II. This monograph will be useful for specialists in the modern history of the 20th century, Slavic studies, Balkan studies, as well as all those interested in these areas of historical research.
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Dumnic-Vilotijevic, Marija. "Contemporary urban folk music in the Balkans: Possibilities for regional music history". Muzikologija, n. 25 (2018): 91–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/muz1825091d.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Starting with Maria Todorova?s landmark study Imagining the Balkans (Todorova 1997), numerous authors have raised their voices against stereotypical images of the Balkans. Over twenty years after the publication of this book, the term ?the Balkans? seems to have lost some of its negative connotations related to wars in favour of characteristics with positive overtones, such as the Balkan peoples? joie-de-vivre and entertainment strongly related to music. The areal ethnomusicology drawing from fieldwork throughout the Balkan peninsula has been a fruitful topic for numerous local and foreign ethnomusicologists and the very term ?the Balkans? has raised a special interest in the ethnomusicological research of ?outsiders?, as well as in the music industry. This paper is written from the perspective of an ?insider? ethnomusicologist from the Balkans. I raise the question of the definition of the ?Balkan? popular music label and discuss its main structural characteristics. I offer a new possibility of (re)considering a specific musical genre of the region based on the research of urban folk music practices. I present characteristics of urban folk music practices from the second half of the nineteenth and the first half of the twentieth century in the countries of the Balkans, with special attention paid to their common aspects. Also, contemporary urban folk music, which is often criticized as a specific popular music form, is considered.
22
Kondratjuk, Grigorii N. "«”The Golden Age” of the Crimean Karaites»: publication of the new academic series". Crimean Historical Review, n. 2 (2020): 260–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.22378/kio.2020.2.260-269.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The review examines new publications on the history of Karaites – the monographs “Karaites in the Russian Empire in the late 18th – early 20th centuries” and the “Karaite communities: biographies, facts and documents (late 18th – early 20th centuries”. They studied a significant chronological period – from the time of the Karaites appearing in the Crimea and up to the beginning of the 20th century. A reasoned conclusion is made that the so-called “ The Golden Age” is the most tense in the history of the Karaite people – the time from the annexation of the Crimean Peninsula to the Russian Empire in 1783 and until 1917. It was during these 100 years when the significant transformations took place in the old-timers communities of the peninsula, when the ideas of Russian culture and education spread among the Crimean Karaites, and they themselves were actively integrated into Russian social structures. The monographs are equipped with a detailed historical excursion, which reveals many relevant and little-known facts from the past of the Karaites.
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Maslek, Jasenka. "The Development of Cooperatives on the Pelješac Peninsula in the First Half of the 20th Century". JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY HISTORY 50, n. 2 (9 ottobre 2018): 175–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.22586/csp.v50i2.87.
Testo completo
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Delang, Claudio O. "Local livelihoods and global process: complex causalities in Hong Kong’s Sai Kung Peninsula". Miscellanea Geographica 22, n. 1 (30 marzo 2018): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mgrsd-2018-0003.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract This paper looks at the changes that occurred in the rural area of the Sai Kung Peninsula in Hong Kong’s New Territories from the 16th century, and uses it as a case-study to show the complex range of forces that can act on a locale. Throughout its history, land use and economic activities on the Sai Kung Peninsula have been driven to a great extent by non-local factors, including distant warfare leading to mass immigration and political decisions leading to mass emigration. However, once Hong Kong became an important outpost of Britain’s colonial empire it became integrated into a global trade network and thus became sensitive to economic and technological changes taking place thousands of miles away. In the 20th century, the Sai Kung Peninsula developed in response to Hong Kong’s growth as an international trade hub, finding its agricultural output overwhelmed by cheap foreign products, and its industry challenged by foreign technological advances.
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Shabalina, Olga V. "Private documents from the personal fund of geologist B. M. Kypletsky of the Museum-Archive of the Barents Centre of the Humanities of the Kola Science Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences". Transactions of the Kоla Science Centre. Series: Natural Sciences and Humanities 1, n. 1/22 (28 dicembre 2022): 98–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.37614/2949-1185.2022.1.1.009.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article presents two documents from the personal fund of the famous Soviet geologist B. M. Kupletsky, which are stored in the Museum-Archive of History of Studying and Exploration of the European North of the Barents Centre of Humanities of the KSC RAS. The personal documents of the scientist are sources of biographical information and potential sources for research in the field of the history of geological exploration of the Kola Peninsula in the 20s of the 20th century.
26
Bandžović, Safet. "Wars and ways of deosmanization of the Balkans (1912-1923)". Historijski pogledi 3, n. 3 (28 maggio 2020): 7–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.52259/historijskipogledi.2020.3.3.7.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The dramatic currents of the history of the 19th and 20th centuries in the Balkans cannot be seen in a more comprehensive way, separate from the wider European / world context, geopolitical order, influence and consequences of the interesting logics of superpowers, models of de-Ottomanization and Balkanization. At the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century, the Ottoman Empire was in a difficult position, pressured by numerous internal problems, exposed to external political pressures, conditions and wars. Crises and Ottoman military defeats in the Balkan Wars (1912-1913) and the "Great War" (1914-1918), along with the processes of de-Ottomanization and fragmentation of the territories in which they lived and the growth of divisions, disrupted the self-confidence of Muslims. Expulsions and mass exoduses of entire populations, especially Muslims, culminated in the Balkan wars. Bosniaks, as well as Muslims in the rest of "Ottoman Europe", found themselves in the ranks of several armies in the "Great War". Many Muslims from the Balkans, who arrived in the vast territory of the Empire in earlier times as refugees, also fought in the units of the Ottoman army. In that war it was defeated. On its remnants, a new state of Turkey (1923) was created after the Greco-Ottoman war (1919-1922).
27
Grčić, Mirko. "Cartographic image of Serbia and other neighboring countries on the Balkan Peninsula on the maps of Martin Waldseemüller from early 16th century". Zbornik radova - Geografski fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu, n. 68 (2020): 81–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zrgfub2068081g.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Martin Waldseemüller has a special place in the history of European cartography and geography, due to the original cartographic works that influenced the expansion of the geographical horizons of Europeans in the 16th century. In the introductory section, the author gives an overview of his most important works, which still attract the attention of researchers in the field of historical geography, historical cartography, toponomastics and related scientific disciplines. Author then analyzes the text and context of Waldzemiler's maps. The aim of this work is to shed new light on geographical knowledge of the Balkan Peninsula and Serbian countries in the age of Humanism and the Renaissance, based on an analysis of Martin Waldseemüller's geographic maps from the early 16th century. Special attention is paid to the contents of the map Tabula moderna Bossine, Servie, Gretiae et Sclavonie, from 1507.
28
Beliankin, Yu S. "Synodic of the Studenitsa Monastery as a historical source". Russian Journal of Church History 4, n. 3 (18 luglio 2023): 103–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15829/686-973x-2023-133.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article analyzes the content of the handwritten Synodic, which has belonged to one of the most important Serbian monasteries — Studenica — since the middle of the XVII century. Such manuscripts are known in single copies in the repositories of the Balkan Peninsula and Greece, all of them reflect the history of Russia’s relations with the South Slavic and other Orthodox peoples of southern Europe during the reign, mainly, of the Romanov dynasty.The value of this manuscript is that it marks the beginning of the establishment of the regular practice of the clergy of the Studenitsa for alms in Russia, which lasted a century. Synodic contains a wealth of material on the genealogy of many Russian, Ukrainian, Serbian and other families that played a historical role in the events of Southern and Eastern Europe in the second half of the XVII-XVIII centuries.
29
Zlydneva, Nataliya. "In Anticipation of Disaster: The Beginnings of Croatian Modernism and the End of the Empire". Stephanos Peer reviewed multilanguage scientific journal 46, n. 2 (31 marzo 2021): 10–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.24249/2309-9917-2021-46-2-10-25.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The essay deals with the history of the first steps of modernism in Croatian visual arts in the 1910s – beginnings of the 1920s, which took the form of expressionism. In the aspect of early expressionism, the work of the most significant Croatian painters and graphic artists (L. Babić, M. Trepse and others), as well as sculptors (I. Meštrović), considered in the context of the art of the Balkan region (Serbian and Slovenian artists) as a whole, is observed. A number of theoretical issues are touched upon – the typology of symbolism and impressionism, closely related to Croatian expressionism, as well as the problem of isomorphism of expressionism poetics as an integral part of the avant-garde to the phenomenon of explosion in culture. The research shows that the beginnings of the Croatian modernism, which coincided with the end of the empire, reflect the specifics of the Balkan model of cultural development in the 20th century, based on the convergence of extremes.
30
NICULAE, Daniel Silviu. "Romanians and Bulgarians at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. Political assassinations, border incidents and the attempted anarchist/terrorist plot against King Carol I (1900-1901)". BULLETIN OF "CAROL I" NATIONAL DEFENCE UNIVERSITY 13, n. 2 (8 luglio 2024): 151–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.53477/2284-9378-24-26.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
At the beginning of 1900, Romanian-Bulgarian relations were very tense, being fuelled by both the incidents at the Southern border and the attacks that took place on the Romanian territory, thus, on the agenda of the Romanian politicians, the problem of the Aromanians from the Balkan Peninsula and Macedonia, the province coveted by Bulgarians, Greeks and Serbs, where comitagii gangs, the antarti and the cetnic fought both for the liberation of the countrymen from Ottoman rule and with the Turkish troops. In this context, assassination came to be used as a weapon against opponents, being present in Romania, Bulgaria, Serbia and Greece.At the end of the 19th century, Romanian society was suddenly awakened to reality, facing the consequences of the barbaric manner in which one of these revolutionary secret committees acted, whose anarchist subcommittee was established in Bucharest – nowadays we frequently use the phrase terrorist cell for something similar. Thus, it received the mission to commit several bombings on the Romanian territory, as well as the assassination of King Carol I and Romanian dignitaries, while, at the Southern border, the Romanian border guards reported daily incidents at the common border whose purpose was to destabilize and maintain a tense state on the conventional demarcation line between Romania and Bulgaria.
31
McElhinney, L. M., D. A. Marston, C. M. Freuling, W. Cragg, S. Stankov, D. Lalosević, V. Lalosević, T. Müller e A. R. Fooks. "Molecular diversity and evolutionary history of rabies virus strains circulating in the Balkans". Journal of General Virology 92, n. 9 (1 settembre 2011): 2171–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.032748-0.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Molecular studies of European classical rabies viruses (RABV) have revealed a number of geographically clustered lineages. To study the diversity of Balkan RABV, partial nucleoprotein (N) gene sequences were analysed from a unique panel of isolates (n = 210), collected from various hosts between 1972 and 2006. All of the Balkan isolates grouped within the European/Middle East Lineage, with the majority most closely related to East European strains. A number of RABV from Bosnia & Herzegovina and Montenegro, collected between 1986 and 2006, grouped with the West European strains, believed to be responsible for the rabies epizootic that spread throughout Europe in the latter half of the 20th Century. In contrast, no Serbian RABV belonged to this sublineage. However, a distinct group of Serbian fox RABV provided further evidence for the southwards wildlife-mediated movement of rabies from Hungary, Romania and Serbia into Bulgaria. To determine the optimal region for evolutionary analysis, partial, full and concatenated N-gene and glycoprotein (G) gene sequences were compared. Whilst both the divergence times and evolutionary rates were similar irrespective of genomic region, the 95 % highest probability density (HPD) limits were significantly reduced for full N-gene and concatenated NG-gene sequences compared with partial gene sequences. Bayesian coalescent analysis estimated the date of the most common recent ancestor of the Balkan RABV to be 1885 (95 % HPD, 1852–1913), and skyline plots suggested an expansion of the local viral population in 1980–1990, which coincides with the observed emergence of fox rabies in the region.
32
Valentinovich Pilipchuk, Yaroslav. "Wallachian cnezates in history of Eastern and South-Eastern Europe". SCIENTIFIC WORK 58, n. 9 (10 ottobre 2020): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/58/24-33.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper is devoted to the history of Wallachians a day knezats in the High Middle Ages. Wallachians mentioned far more often than in the Balkans and north of the Danube by the thirteenth century. Wallachian rebellious were subjects Romaios (Byzantinians), but this does not exclude the situational alliances with Romaios and Wallachian contingents participating in the campaigns of Byzantine army. Formation of political structures the Romanians in regions to the north of the Danube can be dated to the IX-XIII centuries. Making Wallachia as an independent state linked to the crisis in the Golden Horde and the expansion of Hungary to the east. Basarab just completed buissnes of Seneslav. Knezate of Gelou is nothing like Wallachian-Slavic cnezat in Transylvania. Regarding the migration of Wallachians in Muntenia, it was implemented as from the territory of Transylvania, as well as from the territory of the Balkan Peninsula. Key words: cnezates, Wallachians, Wallachia, Vlachs, Muntenia
33
Zagorodnov, V., O. Nagornov, T. A. Scambos, A. Muto, E. Mosley-Thompson, E. C. Pettit e S. Tyuflin. "Borehole temperatures reveal details of 20th century warming at Bruce Plateau, Antarctic Peninsula". Cryosphere Discussions 5, n. 6 (2 novembre 2011): 3053–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tcd-5-3053-2011.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract. Two ice core boreholes of 143.74 m and 447.65 m (bedrock) were drilled during the 2009–2010 austral summer on the Bruce Plateau at a location named LARISSA Site Beta (66°02' S, 64°04' W, 1975.5 m a.s.l.). Both boreholes were logged with thermistors shortly after drilling. The shallow borehole was instrumented for 4 months with a series of resistance thermometers with satellite uplink. Surface temperature proxy data derived from an inversion of the borehole temperature profiles are compared to available multi-decadal records from weather stations and ice cores located along a latitudinal transect of the Antarctic Peninsula to West Antarctica. The LARISSA Site Beta profiles show temperatures decreasing from the surface downward through the upper third of the ice, and warming thereafter to the bed. The average temperature for the most recent year is −14.78 °C (measured at 15 m depth, abbreviated T15. A minimum temperature of −15.8 °C is measured at 173 m depth and basal temperature is estimated to be −10.2 °C. Current mean annual temperature and the gradient in the lower part of the measured temperature profile have a best fit with an accumulation rate of 1.9 × 103 kg m−2 a−1 and basal heat flux (q) of 88 mW m−2, if steady-state conditions are assumed. However, the mid-level temperature variations show that recent temperature has varied significantly. Reconstructed surface temperatures (Ts=T15 over the last 200 yr are derived by an inversion technique. From this, we find that cold temperatures (minimum Ts=−16.2 °C) prevailed from ~1920 to ~1940, followed by a gradual rise of temperature to −14.2 °C around 1995, then cooling over the following decade and warming in the last few years. The coldest period was preceded by a relatively warm 19th century at T15 ≥ −15 °C. To facilitate regional comparisons of the surface temperature history, we use our T15 data and nearby weather station records to refine estimates of lapse rates (altitudinal, adjusted for latitude: Γa(l)). Good temporal and spatial consistency of Γa(l)) over the last 35 yr are observed, implying that the climate trends observed here are regional and consistent over a broad altitude range.
34
Zagorodnov, V., O. Nagornov, T. A. Scambos, A. Muto, E. Mosley-Thompson, E. C. Pettit e S. Tyuflin. "Borehole temperatures reveal details of 20th century warming at Bruce Plateau, Antarctic Peninsula". Cryosphere 6, n. 3 (15 giugno 2012): 675–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-6-675-2012.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract. Two ice core boreholes of 143.18 m and 447.73 m (bedrock) were drilled during the 2009–2010 austral summer on the Bruce Plateau at a location named LARISSA Site Beta (66°02' S, 64°04' W, 1975.5 m a.s.l.). Both boreholes were logged with thermistors shortly after drilling. The shallow borehole was instrumented for 4 months with a series of resistance thermometers with satellite uplink. Surface temperature proxy data derived from an inversion of the borehole temperature profiles are compared to available multi-decadal records from weather stations and ice cores located along a latitudinal transect of the Antarctic Peninsula to West Antarctica. The LARISSA Site Beta profiles show temperatures decreasing from the surface downward through the upper third of the ice, and warming thereafter to the bed. The average temperature for the most recent year is −14.78°C (measured at 15 m depth, abbreviated T15). A minimum temperature of −15.8°C is measured at 173 m depth, and basal temperature is estimated to be −10.2°C. Current mean annual temperature and the gradient in the lower part of the measured temperature profile have a best fit with an accumulation rate of 1.9×103 kg m−2 a−1 and basal heat flux (q) of 88 mW m−2, if steady-state conditions are assumed. However, the mid-level temperature variations show that recent temperature has varied significantly. Reconstructed surface temperatures (Ts=T15) over the last 200 yr are derived by an inversion technique (Tikhonov and Samarskii, 1990). From this, we find that cold temperatures (minimum Ts=−16.2°C) prevailed from ~1920 to ~1940, followed by a gradual rise of temperature to −14.2°C around 1995, then cooling over the following decade and warming in the last few years. The coldest period was preceded by a relatively warm 19th century at T15≥−15°C. To facilitate regional comparisons of the surface temperature history, we use our T15 data and nearby weather station records to refine estimates of lapse rates (altitudinal, adjusted for latitude: Γa(l)). Good temporal and spatial consistency of Γa(l) over the last 35 yr are observed, implying that the climate trends observed here are regional and consistent over a broad altitude range.
35
Milosevic, Marko, Jelena Calic, Jelena Kovacevic-Majkic e Milovan Milivojevic. "Thufur morphology within the Ponor depression (Stara Planina, Serbia)". Journal of the Geographical Institute Jovan Cvijic, SASA 72, n. 2 (2022): 117–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ijgi2202117m.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thufur (earth hummocks) are small periglacial landforms typical for subpolar latitudes, as well as for the high alpine areas at lower latitudes. Their presence in the mountains of the Balkan Peninsula was spotted during the mid-20th century. In this paper we analyze morphometry and morphology of thufur in the context of physio-geographical conditions for their formation. The main aims are to inventorize the thufur in the study area and to determine the physio-geographical factors which enabled their formation at non-zonal elevations. Statistical analysis was performed on the sample of 305 thufur mapped in the field, measuring their circumference, height, and delineating their areas. Classification of the results revealed morphological varieties in terms of horizontal and vertical development. The elevation of the sampling location Ponor is 1,410 m a.s.l., which is considerably lower than the zonal periglaciation in Serbia, at approx. 1,900 m. Therefore, the role of relief as a climate modifier is analyzed in the context of conditions for the azonal development of periglaciation process. Topographical conditions for thufur formation were analyzed through slope inclinations and vertical dissection, determined using the Digital Elevation Model over Europe with 25 m resolution.
36
Danko, Štefan. "The long-legged buzzard (Buteo rufinus) in Slovakia in the past and present". Slovak Raptor Journal 6, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2012): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10262-012-0068-5.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract In the 1 9th century the long-legged buzzard bred in the Balkan Peninsula only in Greece. From the first half of the 20th century it began to expand to the north, and at the end of 201 2 the northern boundary of its breeding expansion in south-eastern Europe extended to central Hungary, south-western Romania, Romanian Dobruja, the southern half of Ukraine and along the western border of Kazakhstan. In the work are 232 faunistic data on the occurrence of the species on the territory of Slovakia from the year 1 870 to the end of 201 2. In the period from 1 911-1 950 only 7 cases were found here; from the period 1 951-2000 43 observations exist, and for the short period from 2001-201 2 there are as many as 1 80, of which 98 occurred in the year 201 2 alone. The text in particular evaluates the invasive occurrence of the species in 201 2 in Slovakia and its neighbouring countries (Austria, Czech Republic and Poland). Given this increasing trend in the frequency of occurrence of the long-legged buzzard in Slovakia, its breeding on the territory of Slovakia in the near future can be anticipated, though by the end of 201 2 this had not yet to be confirmed.
37
Bralewski, Sławomir. "Kryzys gocki z perspektywy historiografii kościelnej V stulecia". Prace Historyczne 148, n. 2 (2021): 263–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/20844069ph.21.020.13857.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The gothic crisis from the perspective of ecclesiastical historiography of the 5th century In the second half of the 4th century, the migration of Goths to the Balkan Peninsula took place, which led to a serious crisis in the Roman Empire. Its consequence was the defeat suffered by the Romans at Adrianople (378), in which emperor Valens died. This battle is considered to be one of the decisive battles in the history of mankind, which has changed the face of the late Roman history to such an extent that one sees it as a caesura marking the end of antiquity. How did the authors of ecclesiastical histories living at that time as those who, after all, devoted a lot of space to political history in their works relate to these events and to the entire Gothic crisis that was the result of the migration of the Goths? Is it possible to see any differences in the presentation of these events by Rufin of Aquileia, Socrates of Constantinople, Sozomen, Philostorgius or Theodoret of Cyrus? The author tries to answer these questions in this article.
38
Tian, Runyu. "A Brief description of Korean Language Phonology and Its History: From the View of Sinosphere". Communications in Humanities Research 21, n. 1 (7 dicembre 2023): 114–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7064/21/20231434.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper explores the historical and linguistic facets of the Korean language's development, emphasizing its profound ties to the Korean Peninsula and mainland China. Beginning with the use of Han characters dating back to the 12th century BCE, when Jizi sought sanctuary in Korea, the evolution of these characters into the native Korean script, known as "Hangul," in the 15th century is discussed. Hangul's transformation from addressing writing issues to symbolizing Korean cultural and national identity, particularly in the 20th century, is highlighted. The paper also delves into the distinctive vowel characteristics, consonantal complexities, and syllable structures of the Korean language, making it conducive to continuous speech. Additionally, it touches upon the challenges faced by learners, especially those from Chinese-speaking backgrounds, in mastering these linguistic features. This paper serves as a concise overview of the multifaceted nature of the Korean language's historical and structural elements.
39
Suica, Marko, e Branka Knezevic. "The inscription on the fresco “St. Nicholas takes basil from the house of Emir” in the church of St. Nicholas in Ramaca as a historical source". Zograf, n. 42 (2018): 107–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zog1842107s.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper explores the contents and historical context of the Cyrillic inscription written in old Serbian language with some Turkish words on the fresco ?St. Nicholas takes Basil from the house of Emir? from the Church of St. Nicholas in Ramaca. Based on an analysis of the historical circumstances and events that took place at the end of the fourteenth and the beginning of the fifteenth century on the Balkan Peninsula and especially in the Lazarevic Principality, it is assumed that the presence of Turkish words in the mentioned inscription implies the influences of Islamic heterodox dervishes in the Christian milieu. The dating of the fresco painting from the Church in Ramaca can be narrowed down to the time of the reign of Stefan Lazarevic.
40
Iordachi, Constantin. "Citizenship, Nation-and State-Building: The Integration of Northern Dobrogea into Romania, 1878-1913". Carl Beck Papers in Russian and East European Studies, n. 1607 (1 gennaio 2002): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/cbp.2002.93.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Situated in the northeastern extremity of the Balkan Peninsula, between the lower Danube and the Black Sea, the historical province of Dobrogea has a highly individualized geographical character. The arid steppes in the middle of the province are surrounded by an extensive seacoast in the east, the vast Danube delta in the north, the fertile shores of the Danube in the west, and by the Bulgarian mainland in the south, making up a broad ribbon of land, a kind of "irregular oblong with a waist" (see Map I, page ll).This advantageous geopolitical and commercial location accounts for Dobrogea's tumultuous history. From fifteenth century, Dobrogea functioned as a borderland of the Ottoman Empire and one of the most advanced Muslim military bastions in Southeastern Europe.
41
Csaplár-Degovics, Krisztián. "Die Internationale Kontrollkommission Albaniens und die albanischen Machtzentren (1913/1914). Beitrag zur Geschichte der Staatsbildung Albaniens / The Albanian International Commission of Control and the Albanian power centres (1913/1914) – Contribution to the history of the state-building process in Albania". Südost-Forschungen 73, n. 1 (8 agosto 2014): 231–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sofo-2014-0111.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract The best guarantee of protecting the rights of Christian minorities on the European territory of the Ottoman Empire in the late 19th century was nothing else but the establishing of own nation-states, where the Christian population could lead his life without being ruled or controlled by the Ottoman Empire. This process found support and was assisted by the Great Powers. It means, that one form of the humanitarian intervention was the state-building instructed or assisted from abroad. One of the unexpected experiences of the Balkan Wars 1912/1913 was that the members of the Balkan League committed genocides and other kinds of mass violence against other Nationalities and the Muslim population of the peninsula. Among other things the Albanian state-building project of the Great Powers aimed to prevent further genocide and other acts of violence against the Albanian population and other refugees from Macedonia and to put an end to the anarchy of the country. The main international organisation to directly represent the great powers in the new Albania and to be responsible for the state-building process was the International Commission of Control.
42
Bandžović, Safet. "Between deosmanization and balkanization: refugee’s steps of bosniak history". Historijski pogledi 1, n. 1 (30 ottobre 2018): 36–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.52259/historijskipogledi.2018.1.1.36.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The past and the present are inseparable, one interprets the other. Many "long-lasting" processes go beyond local frameworks and regional borders. This also applies to the complex "Eastern question", as well as the problem of the deosmanization of the Balkans, whose political geography in the 19th and 20th centuries was exposed to radical overlaps. Wars and persecutions are important factors in the history of Balkan Muslims. In the seventies of the XIX century, they constituted half of the population in the Ottoman part of the Balkans. With war devastation, a considerable part was killed or expelled to Anadolia between 1870 and 1890. The emergent "Turkish islands" in the Balkans after 1878 were increasingly narrowed, or disappeared due to the displacement of Muslims. Multiethnic and religious color of the Balkans disturbed accounts with simple categorizations. The term "balkanization" signified, after the Balkan wars of 1912-1913, "not only the fragmentation of large and powerful political units, but became synonymous with returning tribal, backward, primitive, and barbaric." The Balkanization of "Ottoman Europe" and the violent changes in its ethnic-religious structure led to discontinuity, the erosion of history, as well as fragmentation of the minds of the remaining Muslims and their afflicted communities, the lack of knowledge of the interconnectedness of their fates. The emigration of Bosniaks and other Muslims of different ethnic and linguistic backgrounds from the Balkans to various parts of the Ottoman Empire, and then to Turkey, during the XIX and XX centuries, had a number of consequences.
43
Dix, Steffen. "Miguel de Unamuno und Antero de Quental Iberische Religionskritik, einbrechende Moderne und die Tragik des Verlustes". Zeitschrift für Religions- und Geistesgeschichte 59, n. 4 (2007): 311–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157007307781787598.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractIn recent years the study of local religious histories, especially in Europe, has gained in prominence. Because of the encounters between different cultural traditions in the Middle Ages and the voyages of discovery, the religious history of the Iberian Peninsula became one of the most complex in Europe. This article focuses on one portion of this history around the turn of the 19th/20th century, and in particular on two attempts to blame the Catholic religion for the general crisis in Spain and Portugal at the start of the modern era. These two forms of critiquing religion are illustrated by the examples of Miguel de Unamuno and Antero de Quental, whose writings were characteristic of the typical relationship between religion and intellectuals in this period. Not only were the Spanish philosopher and the Portuguese poet influential on their own and later generations, but they are also truly representative of a certain tragic ”loss“ of religion in the Iberian Peninsula.
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Abdul Latief, Juraid. "The Impact Of Religious Values On Social And Political Change In Tolitoli In The Early 20th Century". International Journal of Educational Research & Social Sciences 3, n. 1 (28 febbraio 2022): 261–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.51601/ijersc.v3i1.235.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
There is no doubt, interpretation of religious values by social and political elites in the modern social history has significantly influenced the development of political structure at national, regional and global level. At least, the phenomena has appeared since the period of Muhammad in the seventh century around Arabic peninsula, the rise of Islamic empires in the western Asia from the seventh to twelfth century, Spain under the Moslem and Christian powers, Turk during the Ottoman Empire from fifteenth to nineteenth century, Europe nations in the period of Crusaders from eleventh to fourteenth century, American independence war more than two hundred years ago. And in some cases, religious values were used effectively to mobilize local people against the western governments in Asia and Africa in the last century. Local political entities in South East Asia also experienced the same political development. Jihad concept fuelled and promoted social and political movements of Imam Diponegoro in Java, Sultan Hasanuddin in Makassar, Panglima Polem in Aceh, and Moro independence movement in Philippine. By using document analysis, depth interviews, and field observation, this study documents historical evidences that Haji Hayyun played a significant role politically and socially in Tolitoli, Sulawesi Tengah in the early twentieth century. Although tragically ended, as a figure he successfully used religious sentiment to get support from his followers against the Dutch government in Tolitoli.
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Koloskov, Evgenii. "[Review] Lukin P.E., Safonov A.A. (2018) In the Heart of the Balkans: Essays on the History of Macedonia (From Ancient Times to the Early Twenty-First Century). Moscow: Indrik". Slavic World in the Third Millennium 14, n. 1-2 (2019): 283–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2412-6446.2019.14.1-2.19.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This review is devoted to the book of Pavel E. Lukin and Alexander A. Safonov “In the Heart of the Balkans: Essays on the History of Macedonia (from ancient times to the early twenty-first century)”. The authors challenged themselves to write a textbook of the History of Macedonia for history and philology university students, which was the very first attempt in the Russian historiography. The textbook was provided with an extension of a selected bibliography and a list of abbreviations and illustrations. In addition, the authors also proposed an exemplary history course curriculum, which is actually the full content of the university course program. Lukin and Safonov’s book also contains a brief history of the most important historical cities and the illustrative material which demonstrates the beauty of the cultural heritage of the region in architecture and painting. It could be interesting to a wide circle of readers. The work due to the stated framework of the textbook may sometimes lack the deep analysis of some issues; however, it will certainly be fundamental for all those who would choose the specialization in the history of the Macedonian lands and the countries of the Balkan Peninsula in general.
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Alkin, S. V. "Russian-Korean Cooperation in the Study of Archeology of Siberia and the Korean Peninsula". Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series History 34 (2020): 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.26516/2222-9124.2020.34.39.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The history of archaeological studies of Siberia is counting more than 300 years of its existence, while active archaeological studies of Korean peninsula date back to the early 20th century. Russian and Korean archaeologists’ mutual interest in ancient and medieval history of Siberia and Korean peninsula relates to the territorial proximity and historical interrelations. During the last few decades the cooperation between Russian and Korean archaeologists is developing in several directions: specialists training, carrying out archaeological excavations in both Korea and Russia (Siberian and Far Eastern territories), publishing joint researches, holding scientific seminars and conferences. Main fields of studying include Stone Age, Early Iron Age and medieval archaeology. Siberian center of cooperation are Novosibirsk (Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography of Siberian Branch of the RAS and Novosibirsk State University). The first archaeological excavations with participation of Novosibirsk and Korean archaeologists were held in Khabarovsk region in 1999. Nowadays joint researches cover territories of Primorye and Amur region, Russian Altai and southern part of Korean Peninsula. Several famous Korean specialists got their PhD degree in Moscow, Novosibirsk and Vladivostok. Joint studies of two territories, which are considered as important parts of world’s history, have enriched historical science with large amount of new archaeological data. Moreover, scientific discussions between specialists make a great contribution to solving common problems of the initial ways of East Asia’s settlement, formation of ancient cultures and civilization.
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Tsiamis, Costas, Chrisoula Hatzara e Georgia Vrioni. "The Suez Canal under Quarantine: Sanitary History of the Mediterranean Gateway (19th–21st centuries)". SHS Web of Conferences 136 (2022): 02003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202213602003.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The Suez Canal is ranked among the most significant engineering feats in human history. Besides its geopolitical and economic impact, however, the Canal became a subject of sanitary concern right from the beginning of its operation in 1869, which coincided with the fourth pandemic of cholera. Sanitary efforts during the 19th century focused on humans and merchandise distributed through the Canal in the frame of the theories of contagion and contamination. Contact with Asia via maritime trade routes entailed increased possibilities of dangerous pathogens and infectious diseases invading the Mediterranean and – by extension – Europe, as evidenced by the cholera and plague epidemics in Egypt. The sanitary significance of the Suez Canal was further demonstrated in the early 20th century when the cholera biotype El Tor was discovered in the Sinai Peninsula. After the Second World War the health systems evolved by incorporating all guidelines of the World Health Organization, whereas special provisions were established for pilgrims traveling to Mecca. The Suez Canal continues to serve as one of the most important global commercial hubs of the 21st century. Accordingly, health security remains a global priority, while strict adherence to international health regulations and epidemiological monitoring represent key elements in safeguarding health in the Mediterranean region.
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Kim, Chul-Min. "National conflicts in the Balkan Europe and the Possibility of Coexistence: Focusing on the Kosovo in the 21C". East European and Balkan Institute 48, n. 2 (30 maggio 2024): 177–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.19170/eebs.2024.48.2.177.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
that ushered in the ‘New Cold War’ of the 21st century. And it was an event that clearly impressed the international community on the geopolitical and geostrategic importance of Kosovo in the international dynamics. In terms of the history of international relations, there are two main implications of the ‘Kosovo War’. First, it was the first attempt to convert NATO's traditional concept of ‘defensive strategy’ into the concept of ‘offensive strategy’. The Kosovo War was the first war involving NATO in a country outside the region. And through this, NATO can be said to have laid the foundation for pursuing its own influence in the Interest Sphere of United States in the 21st century. The second can be said to be the ‘resurrection of the Russian Empire’ and the ‘emergence of Putin’. As a result of the 1999 Kosovo War, Russia chose Putin in 2000, and he promised to revive Russia in the 21st century as an empire similar to that of the Cold War era. And this led to the annexation of the Crimean Peninsula in 2014 and the outbreak of war in Ukraine in 2022. As Kosovo’s geopolitical importance has been confirmed, the United States and Europe agree on the need to establish permanent peace in Kosovo for peace in Europe. However, it is also true that there are still many obstacles to the possibility of peace and coexistence between the Serbian and Kosovo governments surrounding Kosovo today. Therefore, in this study, based on theoretical discussions on the origins of national conflicts in Balkan Europe, I will introduce the various aspects and characteristics of national conflicts in Kosovo in the 21st century, and consider the possibility of their coexistence.
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Shendrikova, S. P., e N. E. Vishnyakova. "Charitable Activities of German Settlers Representatives in the Social Life of the Crimea (Mid-19th - Early 20th Century)". IZVESTIYA VUZOV SEVERO-KAVKAZSKII REGION SOCIAL SCIENCE, n. 3 (207) (19 ottobre 2020): 72–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.18522/2687-0770-2020-3-72-77.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article reveals the main issues of charitable activities of German landowners of the Tauride province of the 19th century, who not only created large model farms, but also devoted themselves to the social life of the Peninsula. The events of the Second World War (1939-1945) provoked the formation of negative public opinion about the German people, although the positive role of representatives of this nation is known in the history of Russia. However, today, the topic of charitable activities, patronage and philanthropy among the Ger-mans of the Crimea in the 19th - beginning of the 20th century is very inquisitive. The authors focus on the social activities of the German ethnic group in the territory of the Tauride province. Charitable activities in the Russian Empire initially did not have a sufficiently clear legal basis, however, with the adoption of the necessary legislative aspects, this direction became popular among a wealthy group of interested persons.
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Sequeira, Catarina Romão, Francisco Rego, Cristina Montiel-Molina e Penelope Morgan. "Half-Century Changes in LULC and Fire in Two Iberian Inner Mountain Areas". Fire 2, n. 3 (8 agosto 2019): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire2030045.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Wildfires in the Iberian Peninsula were large and frequent in the second half of the 20th century. Land use and land cover (LULC) also changed greatly. Our aim was to understand the relationship between LULC and fire in the western and eastern ends of the Iberian Central Mountain System. We compared two case study landscapes, the Estrela massif and the Ayllón massif, which are biophysically similar but with different social-ecological contexts. In both, fires were in general more likely in shrublands and pastures than in forests. Shrublands replaced forests after fires. Contrasting LULC in the two massifs, particularly pastures, likely explained the differences in fire occurrence, and reflected different regional land use policies and history. Fire here is a social-ecological system, influenced by specific LULC and with implications from landscape to regional scales. Understanding how LULC changes interact with fire is powerful for improving landscape and regional planning.