Tesi sul tema "Bachelors – Poetry"

Sylvia Plath’s poetry has received considerable critical attention with respect to a wide range of themes and critical approaches. Variously labeled feminist, political, mythical and suicidal, Plath has been subject to enormous biographical scrutiny but the critical responses available today offer increasingly nuanced understandings of Plath’s work.  However, sufficient attention has not been given to the significant prevalence of images of places and spaces in Plath’s poetry. With particular focus on a selection of poems from The Collected Poems, this thesis argues that the personae in the poems confront “infelicitous places” and that the poems resonate with a tension between place (here referring to a space that is delimited by certain values) and space (in the sense of an expansion without the restrictions of place). What I here refer to as infelicitous place can be understood as an inversion of Gaston Bachelard’s conception of “felicitous space” and accounts for the way in which places in Plath’s poetry are marred with anxiety and ambivalence as opposed to Bachelard’s benevolent, protective spaces. The places and spaces in the poems are dealt with in relation to the notion of infelicitous place, as well as the significance of walls and the affinity between place and poetics.

Est-ce possible aujourd’hui de parler de philosophie de l’Espace par rapport à la pensée de GastonBachelard ? Divisée entre les sciences et l’imaginaire, toute son oeuvre a une démarcation préciseentre les axes de la connaissance, de la raison, de la rationalité et les axes de l’imagination poétique,de l’imaginaire et de l’imagination matérielle. L'encadrement conceptuel de ce travail de recherche,se trouve dans la grande dialectique bachelardienne, qui joue un rôle de médiation et de lien, entrele monde des sciences et celui des images. L'espace peut être une représentation théorique etpratique de cette dialectisation permanente. L’espace représente un lien continu entre les axes d'unegéométrie imaginaire et les topologies intimes de l'âme et c’est pour ça que la recherche d’unespace catégorique, dans l’oeuvre de Gaston Bachelard se divise en trois passages à démontrer : Lepremier c’est celui de mettre en évidence la présence de l’espace, dans toute l’oeuvrebachelardienne ; le deuxième passage s’inscrit sous une forte dialectisation où se compose une richebase de liaisons et correspondances entre grand et petit, haut et bas, dedans et dehors ; le troisièmepassage s’ouvre sur l’actualité où la conception d’une philosophie de l’espace bachelardien,composé par des rapports entre dialectiques, se relie aux architectures modernes et contemporaines
Is it possible today to speak of the philosophy of space compared to the thought of GastonBachelard ? Divided between science and imagination , all his work has a clear demarcationbetween the axes of knowledge , reason , rationality, and the axes of the poetic imagination ,imagination and material imagination. The conceptual framework of this research lies in the greatdialectic Bachelard , who plays a mediating role and link between the world of science and theimages. The space can be a practical and theoretical representation of this permanent dialectization .Space is a continuous link between the axes of an imaginary geometry and intimate topologies ofthe soul and that is why the search for a categorical space in the work of Gaston Bachelard isdivided into three parts demonstrate : the first is to highlight the presence of the space, in allBachelardian work , the second passage part in which a strong dialectization consists of a rich basicconnections and between connections and large small , up and down , in and out , and the thirdpassage opens on the news where the design philosophy of Bachelardian space, composed ofrelations between dialectics relates to modern and contemporary architecture

La valeur philosophique des œuvres de Bachelard est généralement circonscrite dans les simples limites d’une double spécialisation, vers la science et vers la poésie. Or, bien que la double spécification de l’œuvre soit manifeste, elle conduit le plus souvent à une vulgate qui empêche d’en saisir la richesse et la complexité, au point qu’on parlerait de la philosophie de Bachelard au singulier par simple commodité. Est-Il sérieux de soutenir que Bachelard développe une philosophie au sens fort du terme, alors que les interprétations communes de son œuvre la réduisent à une réflexion sur la rationalité et l’imaginaire ? Quelles raisons peut-On avoir de dire qu’il existe une philosophie intégrale chez Bachelard, qui se déploie à partir de ses enquêtes régionales, mais qui excède le cadre disciplinaire de l’épistémologie et de la poétique pour s’essayer à des « aventures d’idées » et à des spéculations plus audacieuses ? Nous pensons qu’il faut réévaluer la pensée de Bachelard, et lui reconnaître une place de choix dans le tableau de la philosophie française du XXe siècle. Nous engageons une telle réévaluation en proposant la reconstruction de la philosophie pluraliste de Bachelard, sur la base d’une interprétation d’ensemble de son œuvre et d’une lecture intégrale du corpus. Nous défendons ainsi la thèse selon laquelle la philosophie de Bachelard, à la fois théorique et pratique, est un pluralisme cohérent, dont les implications sont psychologiques, ontologiques et axiologiques, en sorte que le pluralisme bachelardien se déploie autour non seulement d’une conception de l’esprit (Partie I), de l’être-Au-Monde et des modes d’existence (Partie II), mais aussi d’un perfectionnisme de la vie bonne, dans l’horizon d’une anthropologie complète (Partie III)
The philosophical significance of the works of Bachelard is generally contained within a simple, two-Fold speciality, science and poetry. Although the double specificity of the work is evident, it often leads to a vulgate which obscures the richness and complexity of the works to such an extent that it is just simpler to speak of the philosophy of Bachelard in the singular. Is it relevant to uphold the theory that Bachelard develops a philosophy in the true sense of the word, whereas the normal interpretation of his works reduces them to a reflection on rationality and imaginary? How can one defend the idea that an integral philosophy exists in the works of Bachelard, which is developed from his regional research, but which exceeds the disciplinary framework of epistemology and the poetic to experiment "adventurous ideas" and more audacious suppositions? We believe we need to re-Evaluate the theories of Bachelard and to grant him a place of honour in twentieth century French philosophy. We undertake this re-Evaluation by proposing the reconstruction of the pluralist philosophy of Bachelard, on the basis of an overall interpretation of his work and a reading of the whole corpus. We therefore defend the thesis whereby the philosophy of Bachelard, both theoretical and practical, is a coherent pluralism, with psychological, ontological and axiological implications, so that the pluralism of Bachelard unfolds around not only a conception of the mind (Part I), of the "being-In-The-World" and concepts of existence (Part II), but also perfectionism in leading the good life, within the scope of a complete anthropology (Part III)

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This dissertation proposes a study of the lyric from Gilberto Mendonça Teles and has the goal of show the importance of image and imagination in the creative process of his lyric below the point of view of phenomenology of Gaston Bachelard . For this phenomenologist the poetic image is a new being of language that deeply enlightens our conscience, making the literary creation one of the destinations of the word. This makes the poet is seen as a special issuer, whom diction opens a future of language. The poetic image is established as a kind of valve that releases the perception and provides deep dazzle to the reader, for it is through the imagination that our souvenirs are rebuilt in discontinuous and lacunar temporal movements, providing us,through the work of art, the insertion in the creative moment of revival.The necessary theoretical basis for this work was also based on studies of lyrical from Octavio Paz, which deals with significant multiple faces of the poetic word. These studies assumed a gloomy and unprecedented universe in which the unpredictable meanings are established in the interstices between words. Thus, we seek to show the poetic transcendence in lyric of Gilberto Mendonça Teles, from reverie and expressive power of images that allow the poet a dilation of the semantics of the words, so that they are able to reveal the essence of the lyric voice transformed into language.
Esta dissertação propõe um estudo da lírica de Gilberto Mendonça Teles e tem como objetivo mostrar a importância da imagem e da imaginação no processo criativo de sua lírica sob o ponto de vista da fenomenologia de Gaston Bachelard. Para esse fenomenólogo, a imagem poética é um novo ser da linguagem que ilumina profundamente a nossa consciência, tornando a criação literária um dos destinos da palavra. Isso faz com que o poeta seja visto como um emissor especial, em quem a dicção abre um porvir da linguagem. A imagem poética instaura-se como uma espécie de válvula que libera a percepção e propicia um profundo encantamento ao leitor, pois é pela imaginação que as nossas recordações são reconstruídas nos descontínuos e lacunares movimentos temporais, proporcionando-nos, por meio da obra de arte, a inserção nos instantes criativos da revivência. A fundamentação teórica necessária para a realização deste trabalho baseou-se também nos estudos sobre a lírica de Octavio Paz, que trata da plurifacialidade significativa da palavra poética. Esses estudos pressupõem um universo sombrio e inaudito em que os significados imprevisíveis instauram-se nos interstícios das palavras. Assim, buscamos mostrar a transcendência poética na lírica de Gilberto Mendonça Teles, a partir dos devaneios e da força expressiva de imagens que possibilitam ao poeta uma dilatação da semântica das palavras, para que elas sejam capazes de revelar a essência da voz lírica transformada em linguagem.

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To present dissertation it integrates a glance of the group of Yêda Schmaltz's poetry, writer goiana of having recognized path, in a reading that approaches the discursive and thematic formation of the construction of the imagery established schmaltziana starting from poetic dreams. The necessary theoretical fundamentação for the accomplishment of this work specifically based on Gaston Bachelard in his/her poetic of the dream. Tends in view the shortage of studies that you/they contributed with a new one to look on the deed schmaltziana that analysis became necessary and pertinent, since his/her critical fortune is quite reduced. In that way, the work is configured as being one of the possible glances on the text schmaltziano, without having the pretension of a vision totalizing
A presente dissertação integra um olhar do conjunto da poesia de Yêda Schmaltz, escritora goiana de reconhecida trajetória, numa leitura que aborda a formação discursiva e temática da construção da imagética schmaltziana estabelecida a partir de devaneios poéticos. A fundamentação teórica necessária para a realização deste trabalho baseou-se especificamente em Gaston Bachelard em sua poética do devaneio. Tendo em vista a escassez de estudos que contribuíssem com um novo olhar sobre a escritura schmaltziana essa análise tornou-se necessária e pertinente, já que sua fortuna crítica é bastante reduzida. Dessa forma, o trabalho configura-se como sendo um dos possíveis olhares sobre o texto schmaltziano, sem ter a pretensão de uma visão totalizadora.

Cauldron Calling is a compilation of poems ranging in poetic forms from the sonnet to free verse to lyric prose that incorporates a number of processes including: hypnopompic texting, hypnagogic automatic writing, and direct observation. The purpose of this myriad of poetic forms is to peer through the psychic shells we create and examine the workings of the mind so as to give form to the nebulousness found within while most closely recreating physical experiences of pain. In the collection, domestic spaces, particularly kitchens, serve as filters and lenses through which to process anxiety and pain. Conversely, domestic spaces are viewed as areas of both liberation and confinement and the voices of the various speakers throughout the manuscript struggle with this duality/plurality and whether there is a choice to participate in the intergenerational recycling and handing down of these beliefs and behaviors or not. Through sound sense, enjambment, deep image, and the elevation of the mundane, these poems are meant to give insight into the feminine experience as it relates to ritualistic acts of release as opposed to product-driven enterprises for mass consumption.

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Starting with a survey of the most recurrent technical and stylistic procedures in Lúcio Lins, poetic work, this research point at its main characteristics, namely: antithetical constructions, transtextual relations and na isotopy of navigation. Based on this isotopy, and in the light of a Gaston Bachelard´s ideas about the poetic text, and, at the same time, enchances the metapoetic meaning which concentrates on the investigation of the element that constitute the material imagination of Líns poetics: the water.
A partir do levantamento dos procedimentos técnico-estilístico mais recorrente na obra de Lúcio Lins, essa pesquisa aponta as principais características dessa poética, a saber: as construções fundadas em duplo (dois elementos antitético), as relações transtextuais e a isotopia da navegação. Apoiadas nessa isotopia da navegação, e à luz da fenomenologia da imaginação, as leituras dos poemas Diante d´El Rei - fala dos dez náufragos, Maria das Águas e História Flutuante revelam a pertinência das idéias formuladas por Gaston Bachelard acerca do texto poético, ao mesmo tempo em que destacam o sentido metapoético que se concentra na investigação do elemento da imaginação material dessa poética, a água.

Est-il encore possible de vivre et d’habiter l’espace aménagé et construit en particulier, quant à considérer le déluge technoscientifique et industriel qui détermine et influence le domaine de l’architecture moderne ? Le rationalisme et le fonctionnalisme d’une certaine tendance de l’architecture moderne en intégrant les progrès technoscientifiques et industriels dans le monde de la maison, semble condamner l’expérience d’habiter à une crise irréversible. L’activité architecturale se voulant conforme aux progrès scientifiques et techno-industriels, elle impose à l’expérience pratique de la maison et préscientifique des lieux de vie, des normes de vie découlant de la seule raison. C’est en général une architecture et un urbanisme modernes abstraits et fonctionnalistes qui se développent en suivant la voie de l’objectivité rationnelle ouverte par Galilée et Descartes, ils maîtrisent, administrent et esthétisent le tout du monde ainsi que toutes les expériences humaines à l’espace en les dépouillant des considérations poétiques, mythologiques et affectives. Ainsi, la construction des institutions humaines d’habitation devient dans l’identification de la crise d’habiter, un « processus technologique prosaïque dérivant directement de la raison mathématique, d’un diagramme fonctionnel, ou d’une règle de combinaisons formelles » au désavantage de l’expérience concrète d’habiter. Mais si l’architecture n’a pas affaire qu’à elle-même, si elle n’est pas une pratique qui trouve sa fin en elle-même puisqu’elle s’ouvre vers l’autre, comment peut-on philosophiquement toujours espérer habiter authentiquement, originairement et poétiquement le monde et l’espace de la maison en particulier ? La philosophie, par l’approche phénoménologique et herméneutique à partir de Gaston Bachelard et Merleau-Ponty, présente pour l'expérience moderne d'habiter, des voies significatives originales qui permettent de répondre à la crise qu’elle connait. En renouvelant autrement que par la seule connaissance rationnelle les relations de l'homme à l'espace, elle se présente comme une voie remarquable de ré-compréhension, de relecture et de ré-enchantement de l’expérience originaire d’habiter le monde, la ville et l’espace de la maison
Is it still possible to inhabitate and live the laid out and constructed space in particular, as for considering the techno and industrial flood that determines and influences the field of modern architecture? Rationalism and functionalism of a given trend of modern architecture by incorporating techno and industrial progress in the world of home, seems to condemn the experience of living in an irreversible crisis. The architectural activity wanting to meet scientific and techno-industrial progress, it requires practical experience in home and prescientific places of life, of living standards arising from the only reason. It is a general an architecture and a modern, abstract and functionalist urbanism that develop along the path of rational objectivity initiated by Galileo and Descartes, they control , manage and aestheticize the whole world and all human experience to space by stripping poetic , mythological and emotional considerations. Thus, the construction of human institutions housing becomes in identifying the crisis of living a «prosaic and technological process deriving directly from the mathematical reason, a functional diagram, or a rule of formal suits «in drawback of the concrete experience of living. But if the architecture does not matter to itself, if it is not a practice that is an end in itself because it opens to another, how can we still philosophically hope to authentically, originally and poetically live the world and the space of the house in particular? Philosophy, by phenomenological and hermeneutic approach inheritated from Gaston Bachelard and Merleau-Ponty presents to the modern experience of living, original significant ways that respond to the crisis it faces. Renewing differently more than the only purely rational knowledge the relations of man to the space, it presents itself as a remarkable way of re- understanding, rereading and re-enchantment of the original experience of inhabitating the world , the city and the space of the house

Though born a century apart, American poets Emily Dickinson and Sylvia Plath share several similarities: Both were born in New England, both fought for their rights by writing, and both broke new poetic ground.          In this thesis, I look at their poetry through a movement in space, which begins with the poets’ precarious position as societal outliers and ends with ascension. I examine what crossing the threshold meant to them, physically and metaphorically, and how it is mirrored in their poems, I look at how the physical space in which they wrote color their poetry, I examine windows as a space of transit, and finally I take a closer look at the shape ascension takes in selected poems. I propose this road, this movement in space, is mirrored in both Dickinson’s and Plath’s poetry.      I use as my method deconstruction, to uncover hints and possibilities. I scan letters and journals, biographies and memoirs. As my theoretical framework, I use Walter Benjamin’s ideas about the threshold as a place of transit, as well as his thoughts about the flaneur as the observer of the crowd, both of which are presented in The Arcades Project. To further examine the threshold as a space for pause, reconsideration, retreat, or advance, I rely on Subha Mukheriji and her book Thinking on Thresholds: The Poetics of Transitive Spaces. I further use Gaston Bachelard’s seminal The Poetics of Spaceto investigate the poets’ response to the physical space in which they wrote. I look at ascension through the prism offered by the ideas of Mircea Eliade as presented in Myths, Dreams, and Mysteries: The Encounter Between Contemporary Faiths and Archaic Realities.

Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2008.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The first section of this thesis aims at creating a reading strategy for the analysis of poetry thematically concerned with habitation and the space of the house. Selected Afrikaans poems, forming part of a newer house-poetry that breaks away from the idyllic, genial representation of the house in earlier Afrikaans poetry, are examined. The theoretical equipment utilised in this examination is the habitation philosophies of Martin Heidegger, Otto Friedrich Bollnow and Gustav Bachelard. Various related insights in the work of these philosophers are developed into a three-tiered model for the interpretation of house poetry. Supplementing the abovementioned framework is the socio-historical work of Joseph Rykwert and Ton Lemaire. Both these theorists explore the close connection between the space of the house and the realisation of mortality and transience. The application of the philosophical model facilitates, on the micro level of image and word choice, a fresh understanding of the selected poems, as well as a wider philosophical contextualisation of their thematic content. The reading strategy and the application thereof could also provide the means with which a new philosophical scrutiny of Afrikaans house-poetry can be achieved. The abovementioned formal essay is presented as coupled with a collection of original Afrikaans poems, entitled Vierluik, the creative section of this thesis. Vierluik examines, among other things, aspects of habitation in city, town and countryside, and reflects on descent, rootedness, displacement and the interconnection of space and identity.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die eerste gedeelte van hierdie tesis het as doel die daarstelling van ’n leesstrategie waarmee poësie wat tematies oor die huisruimte en bewoning handel, ondersoek kan word. Geselekteerde Afrikaanse gedigte, wat deel vorm van ’n nuwer huispoësie wat sedert die sestigerjare wegbreek van die idilliese, gemoedelike uitbeelding van die huis in vroeër Afrikaanse gedigte, word ondersoek. Die teoretiese apparatuur wat in hierdie ondersoek aangewend word, is die bewoningsfilosofieë van Martin Heidegger, Otto Friedrich Bollnow en Gustav Bachelard. Verskeie verbandhoudende insigte in die werk van hierdie denkers word ontwikkel tot ’n drieledige interpretasiemodel vir huispoësie. Hierby dien as aanvulling die kultuur-historiese werk van Joseph Rykwert en Ton Lemaire, waarin die noue band tussen die huisruimte en die doods- of verganklikheidsbesef uitgewerk word. Die toepassing van hierdie filosofiese begripsapparatuur fasiliteer op die mikrovlak van beelde en woordkeuse ’n vars verstaan van die vyf geselekteerde gedigte, asook ’n breër filosofiese kontekstualisering van hulle tematiese inhoud. Die leesstrategie en toepassings sou ook ’n filosofiese oopdek van die huispoësie in Afrikaans kon bemiddel. Hierdie akademiese gedeelte dien verder as ’n verbandhoudende oefening by die kreatiewe gedeelte van die tesis, naamlik ’n digbundel, Vierluik. Die bundel ondersoek, onder andere, aspekte van bewoning in stad, dorp en platteland, en bied ’n besinning aan oor herkoms, geworteldheid, verplasing en die verweefdheid van ruimte en identiteit.

Si le mythe est devenu aujourd’hui une donnée incontournable pour comprendre l’âme humaine et ses différentes formes d’expression, il reste cependant équivoque et difficilement conceptualisable. En effet, le mythe est à la fois compris comme un récit fictif qui ne repose sur aucun fond de réalité mais aussi comme un discours vrai et hautement significatif. Pour bien marquer le sens philosophique de notre travail, nous avons commencé par poser le problème du mythe tel qu’il évolue dans la pensée européenne. Le mythe souffre d’une trop longue histoire, il a été déchiré entre rationalisme et romantisme. Puis nous avons questionné d’autres civilisations – les Fon du Dahomey, au Bénin – pour qui le mythe représente tout ce que les hommes doivent savoir et comprendre pour bien s’ancrer dans l’existant. Elles nous donnent à voir un mythe authentique, vivant, inséparable d’une gestuelle magico-religieuse. Ainsi le vrai sens du mythe ne se trouve pas dans nos livres, dans un Homère ou un Hésiode, mais dans le vécu même des hommes. Il est d’abord élaboré par les sociétés primitives, par des groupes d’hommes qui ne vivent que par et pour lui, avant d’être écrit, classé, interprété et réinterprété. Il semblerait à cet égard que Gaston Bachelard, à la fois poète et épistémologue, se soit intéressé au mythe. Il nous livre ainsi une réflexion originale, libre et ouverte qui nous en donne une autre image. Il pose le problème du mythe en soi, au cœur de l’écrit et, riche de ses lectures, il jette les bases d’une nouvelle mythanalyse. La compréhension du mythe semble pour nous incontournable aujourd’hui, car notre civilisation a irrémédiablement coupé entre les informations portées par des images et celles portées par les systèmes d’écritures. Cette rupture est sans doute la cause de cette grave crise spirituelle que nous traversons. Le mythe semble à cet égard salutaire : il nous reconduit directement vers les grands principes de la création, création du monde ou bien création poétique, il ré-enchante le monde
If the myth has become today an unavoidable fact to understand the human soul and its different forms of expression, it remains, however, ambiguous and hardly conceptualizing. Indeed, the myth is at once understood as a fictitious narrative which isn’t based on any in-depth reality, but also as a real and highly significant discourse. In order to underline the philosophical meaning of our work, we have begun by assert the myth problem such as it evolves in the European thought. The myth is badly affected by a too long history; it has been divided between rationalism and romanticism. Then, we have questioned other civilizations – Fon from Dahomey, Benin – for whose myth represents all the human being must know and understand to become established in existing. They show us an authentic myth, alive, indivisible from a magical-religious body language. Thus, the real meaning of myth is not in our books, in Homere or Hésiode, but in the real life of humans. It is, first of all, evolved by the original societies, by human groups which lived for it and by it, before being written, classified, interpreted and re-interpreted. It would seem, in this regard, that Gaston Bachelard, at once poet and epistemologist, took interest in myth. He reveals us an original reflection, free and open which gives us another image. He asserts the problem of the myth itself, at the heart of writing and, as a rich reader, he lays the basis of a new myth-analysis. The understanding of the myth seems for u unavoidable today because our civilization has cut off, irreparably, between the information brought by images and those brought by the writing systems. This fracture is, no doubt, the reason of this serious spiritual crisis we pass on. The myth seems, in this regard, salutary: it renews us directly towards the great principles of the creation, creation of the world or poetic creation, it re-enchants the world

Le déséquilibre et le désordre du réel ont modifié chez l’homme baroque la vision de son être; leur présence écarte la gratuité de ses actes. Ses fascinations sont des indices révélateurs, ses rejets et ses attachements représentent des témoignages et des messages à déchiffrer. Notre étude essaie d’expliquer les raisons de la fascination de la génération baroque pour l’élément liquide à travers l’examen de l’imaginaire de ses aspects dans l’oeuvre baroque. L’imaginaire ou ce que Gilbert Durand appelle ‘’le capital pensé’’ de l’homme est une entité stratifiée dans la durée, plusieurs facteurs participent à sa structuration. Par conséquent, son examen exige une approche pluridisciplinaire et interdisciplinaire. Grâce aux sciences cognitives qui représentent la voie par laquelle passe l’avenir des recherches sur l’imaginaire selon Philippe Walter, la présente étude essaie d’éclairer l’Imaginaire baroque à travers l’examen de la valeur de l’élément de l’eau dans des textes publiés entre 1580 et 1640. Notre travail utilise quatre des six sciences cognitives qui sont désignées par Georges A. Miller et qui instaurent à travers leurs corrélations des domaines interdisciplinaires. Pour explorer les représentations de cet élément dans le texte baroque avec un objectif qui consiste à leur proposer des explications causales sont indispensablement mobilisées l’anthropologie, la philosophie, la psychologie, et la linguistique. L’imaginaire baroque est reconstitué dans notre recherche grâce aux 5 croisements établis entre les sciences précédentes et les disciplines de l’histoire de l’art, de la critique littéraire, du folklore, de l’ethnologie, de la mythologie, de la sociologie, et de l’histoire des religions. Notre travail examine l’un des aspects de la nature dans l’imaginaire baroque. A travers nos analyses, nous essayons de retracer l’être et l’existence de l’homme baroque grâce aux présences de l’un de leurs constituants dans l’oeuvre de ce dernier. L’élément de l’eau est ce constituant qui représente l’un des aspects de la nature. La problématique dans notre travail, est composée d’un volet qui porte sur la valeur de l’élément de l’eau dans l’oeuvre baroque. Il y a un second volet visant à prouver que l’examen de l’imaginaire représente un outil permettant de cerner les reliefs et les complexités d’un texte baroque et un texte ayant une structure similaire avec celle que possède ce dernier, c’est-à-dire une structure incohérente et non linéaire. Notre recherche aimerait proposer une lecture de l’imaginaire de la matière dans le texte baroque et dans le texte littéraire en général. Elle aimerait démontrer que l’examen distant et interactif des actes de l’homme aide à leur trouver des explications; et que l’examen de l’imaginaire d’une oeuvre qui représente un acte de l’imaginaire de l’homme, aide à cerner ses implicites, les raisons de sa création, et la psychologie qui a dominé les circonstances de sa production
The imbalance and the chaos in which Baroque man lived, changed his vision of his entourage and at the same time they excluded the gratuitousness of his actions. His fascinations are messages to be deciphered, his rejections and attachments represent revealing clues and testimonials. Our study tries to explain the reasons of the fascination of the baroque generation for the liquid element through the examination of the imaginary of its aspects in the baroque work. The imaginary or what Gilbert Durand calls "thought capital" of man is a hybrid organism, several factors participate in its structuring therefore its examination requires an interdisciplinary approach. Through cognitive science, that represent the future of research on the imagination according to Philippe Walter, this study tries to illuminate the Baroque Imagination through the examination of the value the element of water in the works published between 1580 and 1640. Our work uses four of the six cognitive sciences which are designated by Georges A. Miller and which establish interdisciplinary fields through their correlations. To explore the representations of this element with the Anthropology, philosophy, psychology, and linguistics are indispensable to the objective of offering them causal explanations. The baroque imagination is reconstituted in our work by combining these sciences with the disciplines of the history of art, literary criticism, folklore, ethnology, mythology, sociology, and the history of religions. Our work examines one of the aspects of nature in the baroque work. Through our analyzes we try to trace the being and the existence of baroque man through the manifestations of one of their components in the work of the latter. The element of water which is this component and it represents one of the aspects of nature. The problematic in our work is composed of a component that deals with the value of the element of water in the baroque work. The second part aims to prove that the 7 examination of the imaginary represents a tool that helps to identify the reliefs of a baroque text and a text with a similar structure with the latter, that is to say an incoherent structure and complex. Our research proposes a reading for the imaginary of the material in the literary text. Our study would like to demonstrate that distant and interactive examination of human acts and his works serves to identify their explanations; and that the examination of the imaginary of a work which represents an act of the imaginary of man serves to identify its implicit and the reasons for its creation, and the psychology that dominated the circumstances of its production

L'être demeure encore et toujours aujourd'hui un objet extrêmement mystérieux et polémique pour les philosophes comme pour l'individu que nous sommes. Face à la réapparition perpétuelle de cet objet sous la forme d'une interrogation fondamentale, la question est celle de savoir si nous sommes face à un problème insoluble pour la raison ou bien confrontés à un problème méthodologique qu'il convient de relever. Au-delà d'une nouvelle tentative de destruction de la Métaphysique sous toutes ses formes et dans toutes ses dimensions chez les postmodernes, nous devons tenter de réfléchir aujourd'hui sur la véritable positivité du questionnement de l'être. Allant de Kant à Bachelard nous voyons alors s'ouvrir progressivement au cours de l'histoire le chemin d'une autre pratique qui peut se définir ici comme une poïétique de soi.

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The purpose of this essay is to investigate the existing tension between the tradition and the modernity within the caipira way of life, by using two basic and complementary methods: the bibliographic research and the field research. The theoretical basis is built on an approximation between the reflection on Brazilian modernity, by the sociologist José de Souza Martins, and the phenomenology of the imagination, by Gaston Bachelard. The field research took place in São Luís do Paraitinga and resulted in the conduction, transcription and analysis of four interviews, all included in this work. The choice of the research subjects, the issues of the interviews and the eventual use of those accounts have been based in the fundamentals of Oral History. The modern Brazilian consciousness is like a path in between two boundaries. Our double consciousness, divided between the modern and the traditional, results on the conjugation of the different life styles which got together to form our own identity. The modern Brazilian consciousness takes place in a game of power in which are summed up customs and values, that are rationalized and urbanocentrics , with the tribality and the rural magic universe. Logic and Poetic Imagination are seen here as symbols of these two distinct ways of being together with reality. This essay is an effort to reach the understanding of the fundamental dynamics existing within our culture, revealed through the subjectivity and the daily caipira style of living, as well as, to perceive how these dimensions are related basing on the so called great lines of History . Built in a direct interaction with some of the residents of São Luís do Paraitinga, these reflections are a way to not only built a brief critical analysis of reality but also to register words and gestures of the ones who, historically, had their voices silenced the women and men from the countryside
A presente dissertação tem como objetivo principal investigar a tensão existente entre tradição e modernidade no interior do modo de vida caipira, a partir de dois pilares básicos e complementares: a pesquisa bibliográfica e a pesquisa de campo. O aporte teórico teve como principal fundamento uma aproximação entre a reflexão sobre a modernidade brasileira feita pelo sociólogo José de Souza Martins e a fenomenologia da imaginação de Gaston Bachelard. Já a pesquisa de campo se desenvolveu no município vale-paraibano de São Luís do Paraitinga e resultou na realização, transcrição e análise de quatro entrevistas, todas incluídas nesta dissertação. A escolha dos sujeitos, as temáticas abordadas nesses encontros e o posterior manuseio das narrativas tiveram como base metodológica os fundamentos da História Oral. A consciência moderna brasileira é uma travessia entre duas margens. Dividida entre o moderno e o tradicional, nossa dupla consciência é uma reunião dos diferentes modos de vida que se mesclaram na formação de nossa identidade. Sobrepondo costumes e valores urbanocêntricos e racionalizados à tribalidade e ao universo rural e mágico que também a constituem, a consciência moderna brasileira se realiza nesse jogo de forças. Razão e imaginação poética aparecem então como símbolos desses dois modos distintos de estar junto à realidade. Esta pesquisa expressa a busca de um início de compreensão sobre como essa dinâmica fundamental de nossa cultura se revela na subjetividade e na vida cotidiana do caipira e como estas dimensões se relacionam na discussão das chamadas grandes linhas da História . Produzida em meio a um convívio direto com o município de São Luís do Paraitinga e parte de seus moradores, o conjunto de reflexões que compõem esta dissertação buscou não só tecer uma breve análise crítica da realidade pesquisada como também deixar registradas palavras e gestos daqueles que, historicamente, têm sua voz silenciada as mulheres e os homens do campo

Notre questionnement porte sur l’imaginaire coréen, et plus largement sur l’apport de l’anthropologie culturelle éclairant l’imaginaire sociétal et culturel coréen. Notre méthodologie est bâtie sur les écoles philosophiques et mythologiques françaises du XXe siècle pour la raison qu’elles sont le mieux à même de nourrir notre réflexion et de révéler sous un jour inédit et complémentaire les travaux sur ces questions déjà effectués en Corée. Nous pouvons ainsi démontrer que les symboles coréens ont une portée universelle. Notre corpus réunit des œuvres littéraires coréennes desquelles sont tirées des images archétypales. L’analyse en est faite à partir des conceptions de G. Bachelard (1884-1962) sur l’image symbolique et sur l’anthropologie de l’imaginaire de G. Durand (1921-2012). Tout en décrivant la rationalité scientifique, Bachelard valorise l’image mentale en la considérant comme une force créative et pas seulement comme un obstacle épistémologique. Il évoque plusieurs « complexes » dans son œuvre sur l’imaginaire poétique dans une conception proche de celle de C. G. Jung pour qui le complexe ne se ramène pas à un blocage psychique mais inclut la créativité. Le complexe bachelardien ne se sépare ainsi pas de la pensée freudienne du pansexualisme. Quant à Durand, dans Les Structures anthropologiques de l’imaginaire (1960), il élabore une grammaire de l’imaginaire en proposant une trentaine de complexes qui viennent enrichir ceux établis par Bachelard, O. Rank (1884-1939), M. Bonaparte (1882-1962) ou C. Baudouin (1893-1963). Pour Durand, la notion de complexe s’apparente à celle du mythème, comme étant la plus petite unité du discours et est mythiquement significative en révélant un symptôme psychique de l’inconscient collectif. Durand développe sa Mythodologie dans sa deuxième période avec les deux concepts de mythocritique et de mythanalyse. La mythocritique est une méthode de critique littéraire et la mythanalyse une méthode d’analyse socio-culturelle de l’imaginaire. Notre exploration de l’image littéraire de l’Antiquité au début du XXe siècle intègre ainsi les mythes, les contes populaires, les légendes et les chansons folkloriques afin de cerner l’identité culturelle du peuple coréen et montrer son caractère d’universalité. Les deux axes qui caractérisent la mythologie coréenne sont le mythe de fondation de l’État et le mythe chamanique. Pour le premier, la grande œuvre du Samguk yusa (1283) est indispensable car elle relate deux mythes de fondation notamment, le mythe de fondation de l’État du royaume de Kojosŏn et celui de Koguryŏ. Ces deux mythes sont référents à cause de leurs figures archétypales qui se déclinent par le mythème de l’ours et celui de l’œuf et les personnages féminins divins d’Ungnyŏ et d’Yu-hwa qui sont en relation avec ces mythèmes. Nous observons leurs redondances dans les époques ultérieures, notamment dans les récits sur les souffrances endurées par les femmes. L’histoire de Changhwa et de Hongnyŏn sont exemplaires car elles induisent un fait social marquant la dynastie Chosŏn et qui typifie ainsi la société coréenne en faisant de la figure féminine un bouc-émissaire du pouvoir masculin pris dans le système du patriarcat confucéen. Ce motif apparaît dans le récit de la « princesse Pari » qui est un chant chamanique et dans le récit de « Sim Ch’ŏng » qui est l’expression d'un rite chamanique, ou p’ansori, ou roman. Parmi les chansons folkloriques, la plus célèbre est l’Arirang ou sijipsarinorae qui reprend également le même schéma du dépassement des souffrances moyennant un sentiment particulier et proprement coréen, le han (恨). Le Han a la particularité d’être dynamique et contradictoire en étant fondé sur une dialectique subtile qui introduit une force vitale contre la dépression ou l’anxiété. Le Han a une fonction de régulation de la société en tant que figure de l’imagination symbolique et qui apparaît comme universelle
The purpose of our investigation is the Korean imaginary, and more broadly the contribution of cultural anthropology illuminating social imaginary and Korean culture. Our methodology integrates the contribution of French philosophical and mythological studies of the 20th century, because they are the best ones to nourish our reflection and show in a new and complementary way the work already done in Korea. We can therefore show that Korean symbols are universal in scope. Our study material incorporates Korean literary work which comes from archetypical images. To analyze them, we will rely on the conceptions of symbolic imaginary thinking from G. Bachelard on symbolic images and on the anthropological of the imaginary elaborated by G. Durand. All the while describing scientific rationality, Bachelard valued the mental image, considering it as a creative force and not only as an epistemological obstacle. He evoked several “complexes” in his work on poetic imaginary in a conception close to that of C.G. Jung for whom the notion of complex does not amount to a psychic block but includes creativity. The Bachelardian idea of complex therefore does not demarcate from Freudian thinking on pansexuality. According to Durand, in The Anthropological Structures of the Imaginary (1960), the author elaborated a grammar of the imaginary by proposing thirty complexes that came to enrich those established by Bachelard, O. Rank, M. Bonaparte and C. Baudouin. For Durand, the notion of complex is similar to that of the mytheme, as the smallest unit of discourse mythically significant, that reveals a psychic symptom of the collective unconscious. Durand develops his methodology in his second period with two concepts: mythocriticism and mythanalysis. Mythocriticism is a method of literary criticism, or rather a method of literary studies, and mythanalysis is a method of socio-cultural analysis of the imaginary, the two complementing the other. Our exploration of the literary image from Antiquity to the start of the 20th century integrates myths, popular tales and legends, allowing us to determine the cultural identity of the Korean people and show its universality. The two axes that characterize Korean mythology are the foundation of the state and the shamanic myth (the narrative song of the shaman). For the first axis, the great work of Samguk Yusa (1283) remains essential as it relates two foundational myths, notably the myth of the foundation of the Kingdom of Kojosŏn and that of Koguryŏ. These two myths are references because their archetypal figures take the form of the mytheme of the bear and that of the egg and the divine feminine characters of Ungnyŏ and Yu-hwa in relationship to these mythemes. We observe their repetitions in ulterior epochs, notably in the stories of suffering endured by women. The story of Changhwa and Hongnyŏn are exemplary as they induce social facts of the Chosŏn Dynasty, which marks Korean society by making the female figure a scapegoat for masculine power in the Confusion patriarchal system. This motif appears in the story of the “Princess Pari” in the form of a Shamanic song but also in the story of “Sim Ch’ŏng” expressed in the form of shamanic rite, or the p’ansori, or the novel. Among folkloric songs, the most famous are those of Arirang or Sijipsarinorae which equally pick up on the same patterns of overcoming suffering through a particular and properly Korean feeling, the “han (恨)”. The Han has that distinction of being dynamic and contradictory as it is founded on a subtle dialectic that introduces a vital force against resignation, depression, and anxiety. The Han serves a societal regulatory function as a figure of imaginary symbolism and that appears as universal