Tesi sul tema "Avions de transport à réaction"
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Pacorel, Victor. "Contribution à l’étude de l’oxydation à haute température sous air d’alliages de titane : mécanismes et facteurs bénéfiques à la tenue au-delà de 600°C". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UBFCK049.
Testo completoThe work undertaken in this PhD thesis is part of a technological and environmental dynamic in the aeronautics and aerospace sectors, aimed at extending the operating temperature of titanium alloys in turbojets engines beyond 600°C, the current limit. To this end, the aim of this study is to investigate the oxidation mechanism of titanium alloys in air at high temperature (above 600°C) with a particular focus on factors beneficial to oxidation resistance such as the presence of nitrogen in the oxidation atmosphere, the presence of silicon in the alloy or the effect of laser shock peening (LSP) treatment prior to oxidation.To carry out this study, different materials were used: commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti) as a reference material, TiXT alloy containing 0.45%w silicon and already used in the automotive industry, and samples of these two previous materials subjected to LSP treatment using a protocol that had already proven its effectiveness in improving oxidation resistance.The materials were oxidized in air at 650°C and 700°C for short periods (from 15 minutes to 100 hours), in order to study the first stages of oxidation, and over long periods (up to 6000 hours), more representative of the actual service life of these the materials in turbojets engines. Afterward, various analysis techniques were implemented to characterize the material in terms of oxidation kinetics (TGA) and nitrogen accumulation (nuclear microprobe, GDOES), oxide and metal/oxide interface microstructure (SEM, TEM), crystallographic phase evolution (XRD with synchrotron radiation) and oxygen insertion mechanism (isotopic labelling).These various characterizations have contributed to improve our current understanding of the oxidation mechanism of titanium alloys at high temperature, mainly concerning the behavior of atmospheric nitrogen and the influence of the presence of surface nano-crystallization or silicon in the alloy on this behavior. These results include for example: the parabolic kinetics of nitrogen accumulation with the oxidation time or the acceleration of nitrogen accumulation and formation of Ti2N0.84 nitrides caused by the presence of silicon in the alloy.The work carried out has therefore led to a better understanding of the oxidation mechanism of titanium alloys at high temperature and opens up new prospects for the development of alloys or mechanical surface treatments associated with better resistance to high temperature oxidation
Daniau, Emeric. "Contribution à l'étude des performances d'un moteur à détonation pulsée". Poitiers, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001POIT2335.
Testo completoDarius, Danielle. "Etude cinétique de la formation des particules de suie à partir de constituants d'un kérosène". Orléans, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ORLE2069.
Testo completoHérail, Olivier. "Commande optimale d'ordre réduit : application au pilotage automatique longitudinal d'un avion de transport". Toulouse, ENSAE, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ESAE0011.
Testo completoBovet, Laurent. "Optimisation conceptuelle de la croisière : Application aux avions de transport civils". Aix-Marseille 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX22001.
Testo completoThe choice of the cruise altitude during the preliminary design phase of an aircraft is fundamental for the performance. For most subsonic airliners, the cruise altitude is close to 30 000 ft. The present work is aimed at demonstrating the existence of an ad hoc altitude that must be identified during the preliminary design phase to maximize the performance of the aircraft. To make this demonstration, as for the entire work, an aircraft design approach has been adopted, based on the use of simple but pertinent models which have been validated with data of existing transport aircraft. The sensitivity of the conceptual optimum cruise altitude to take-off constraints and cruise Mach number has been evaluated. In particular, the cruise altitude of turbo prop commuters has been confirmed. The size effect of the aircraft on the optimum cruise altitude has also been studied. It has been demonstrated that the conceptual optimum cruise altitude decreases as the size of the aircraft increases
Torralba, José. "Méthodologie de conception de lois de pilotage multiobjectifs autoséquencées pour un avion de transport civil souple". Toulouse, ISAE, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ESAE0012.
Testo completoDesse, Jean-Michel. "Contribution à l'analyse quantitative d'écoulements rapidement variables avec application au tir d'arme, aux prises d'air et aux sillages". Lille 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIL10084.
Testo completoAvenel, Jean-David. "Investissement et aviation les investissements en matériel volant dans les compagnies aériennes". Lille 3 : ANRT, 1985. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375940915.
Testo completoThipyopas, Chinnapat. "Optimisation aérodynamique de configurations de microdrones à voilure fixe : effet biplan, voilure souple et interaction aéropropulsive". Toulouse, ENSAE, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ESAE0007.
Testo completoEscamilla, Núñez Héctor. "Contribution au guidage des avions en trafic à haute densité". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30074/document.
Testo completoThis work is developed with the perspective of SESAR and Next-Gen projects, where new applications of Air Traffic Management (ATM) such as the Full 4D Management concept, are centered on Trajectory-Based Operations (TBO), deeply related with the extension of the flexibility in separation between aircraft, and hence, with the augmentation of air traffic capacity. Therefore, since a shift from fixed routes and Air Traffic Control (ATC) clearances to flexible trajectories is imminent, while relying on higher levels of onboard automation, the thesis hinges around topics that should enable or ease the transition from current systems to systems compliant with the new expectancies of Trajectory-Based Operations. The main axes of the manuscript can be summarized in three topics: 4D trajectory generation, 4D guidance, and mass estimation for trajectory optimization. Regarding the trajectory generation, the need of airspace users to plan their preferred route from an entry to an exit point of the airspace without being constrained by the existent configurations is considered. Thus, a particular solution for 4D smooth path generation from preexisting control points is explored. The method is based on Bezier curves, and is able to control the Euclidian distance between the given control points and the proposed trajectory. This is done by reshaping the path to remain within load factor limits, taking into account a tradeoff between path curvature and aircraft intended speed, representing a milestone in the road towards Trajectory-Based Operations. It is considered that accurate 4D guidance will improve safety by decreasing the occurrence of near mid-air collisions for planned conflict free 4D trajectories. In consequence, two autopilots and two guidance approaches are developed with the objective of diminishing the workload for air traffic controllers associated to a single flight. The backstepping and feedback linearization techniques are used for attitude control, while direct and indirect nonlinear inversion are adopted for guidance. Furthermore, the impact of inaccurate mass knowledge in trajectory guidance, with consequences in optimization, fuel consumption, and aircraft performance, has led to the implementation of an on-board aircraft mass estimation. The created approach is based on least squares, providing an initial mass estimation, and online computations of the current mass, both with enough accuracy to meet the objectives related to TBO. The methods proposed in this thesis are tested in a six degrees of freedom Matlab model with its parameters chosen similar to an aircraft type B737-200 or A320-200. The simulation is based on a full nonlinear modelling of transport aircraft dynamics under wind disturbances. Trained neural networks are used to obtain the aerodynamic coefficients corresponding the aircraft forces and moments
Gernigon, Sterenn. "Etude de la stabilité à l'oxydation des carburants liquides hydrocarbonés : Influence et comportement des antioxydants". Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077013.
Testo completoWithin the unit Materiaux Energetiques of the Office Nationale d'Études et de Recherches Aérospatiales and within the ITODYS laboratory of Paris 7, Sterenn Gernigon conducted a research on the thermal stability of liquid hydrocarbon fuels and the influence and behaviour of antioxidants. » Jet fuel undergoes an oxidative chemistry upon being heated in fuel System of advanced civil aircraft. The degradation process may lead to the formation of bulk and surface solids. For engines featuring a low-NOx combustion chamber based on multipoint injection, these deposits could plug the injection System. Deposits formation has different origins; one of them is dissolved oxygen. The aim of this study is to understand the oxidation mechanisms. In order to decrease or inhibit the autoxidation reactions present during the fuel degradation, the use of antioxidant additives is considered. As kérosène Jet A-l is composed of hundreds of chemical species, some molecules representative of the main families present in the jet fuel are used. The characterization of the various products formed during degradation (gas, liquids, and solids) allows knowing the role played by the selected molecules in the degradation of kerosene. The high reactivity of naphthenics has been demonstrated. The effectiveness of BHT (antioxidant) has been highlighted. Indeed, it notably succeeded in preventing the deposition in the mixture of hydrocarbons (alkanes and cyclic hydrocarbons) study
Puyou, Guilhem. "Conception multi-objectifs de lois de pilotage pour un avion de transport civil". École nationale supérieure de l'aéronautique et de l'espace (Toulouse ; 1972-2007), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ESAE0024.
Testo completoHankaoui, Mohamed. "Transport-réaction dans les membranes échangeuses d'ions. Extraction et transport facilités de l'ammoniac dissous par l'ion Ag+". Rouen, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ROUES014.
Testo completoBouadi, Hakim. "Contribution à la Synthèse de Lois de Commande pour le Guidage des Avions de Transport". Phd thesis, INSA de Toulouse, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00974871.
Testo completoDuan, Lili. "Contribution à la synthèse des lois de pilotage non linéaires pour les avions de transport". Toulouse 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU20113.
Testo completoThe main objective of this thesis is to contribute to the design of new flight control laws providing enhanced manoeuvring capabilities to aircraft so that they are able to track evolutive trajectories in the whole flight domain. This has led to consider the use of recent non linear control law design techniques such as non linear inverse control, backstepping and differential flat control. The application of the non linear inverse control technique to aircraft attitude control has been investigated and illustrated by different examples. The applicability conditions of this techniques have been reviewed and robustifying terms have been introduced. However, taking into account the restrictive applicability conditions of this technique, the backstepping control technique has been considered and applied to flight path angle tracking. Then the differential flatness property of aircraft attitude dynamics has been introduced and its use to design flight control laws has been studied, proposing a control scheme including a neural network structure. Finally, a balance of the study is displayed and the interest for non linear control law design techniques for flight control applications is emphasized
Villaumé, Fabrice. "Contribution à la commande des systèmes complexes : application à l'automatisation du pilotage au sol des avions de transport". Toulouse 3, 2002. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010946.
Testo completoKron, Aymeric. "Conception de lois de commande Fly-by-wire robustes pour avions de transport civil dont la structure est considérée flexible". Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 2004.
Cerca il testo completoTcheikh, Said Abdou Ben Ali. "Développement d'un simulateur de l'atterrissage d'un avion. Méthode appliquée à un Train d'atterrissage principal d'un avion léger: cas d'un Jet régional (Learjet 45)". Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30539/30539.pdf.
Testo completoAlthough an aircraft landing gear has a well-known role of allowing the aircraft to complete its movement during landing, taxiing and takeoff, some works are still required today in order to obtain an efficient, more reliable and environmentally friendly landing gear structure. The scope of this project is to develop a numerical simulator of an aircraft landing taking into account the dynamic of the landing gear and the internal design of the shock strut. Landing gear design can be affected by phenomena such as sudden temperature variations as well as extreme temperatures. This can change the behavior of the hydraulic fluid of the shock strut. This work will be conducted by developing a mathematical model computer code in VBA that describes the landing gear physical function. The role of a landing gear shock strut is to absorb the kinetic energy during the landing, taxiing and takeoff phases of the aircraft. The landing gear shock strut is an assembly of different chambers that have a well-defined role. These chambers contain a gas and a hydraulic fluid and work together to provide the force required to maintain the system. These aspects are combined in a numerical code developed with VBA. In this project the effect of the tires was taken into account and characterized using two different models (finite elements and analytical model) using two different numerical tools (Abaqus and Adams). The scope is to compare and see how the two models are able to describe the energy absorption process.
Bauer, Christophe. "Conception optimale de l'architecture de roulis avec application aux avions Airbus". Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/915/.
Testo completoRoll architecture is composed of ailerons, spoilers and of all the elements that can control them. The design of a viable and certifiable roll architecture with a minimum mass is complex because it must take into account the objectives of performance, especially industrial and safety criteria. This design requires a long iterative process without guaranteeing optimality of the solution. This thesis defines a methodology of automated research to determine the optimal solution, to reduce the design's delays and costs. For that we formulate and model this problem in mono and bi-objective forms, where the industrial constraints are used to reduce the research's domain. For each formulation, we adapt a method of resolution, a branch-and-bound algorithm and a genetic multi-objective: SPEA. These tools are integrated into an open-loop process that addresses the design of roll control. The details of these methods and processes, as well as gains, are highlighted through applications to A340-300 aircraft
Esquieu, Sébastien. "Evaluation de la traînée d'un avion de transport à partir de calculs numériques de mécanique des fluides". Bordeaux 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR12782.
Testo completoThis thesis focuses on drag prediction of subsonic transport aircraft using CFD computations. Drag can be extracted for munmerical flow solutions either by surface integration (near-field method) or through a field analysis (far-field method). For the definnition of optimala erodynamic shapes, only the second method provides useful informations for the designers. For complex tridimendional configurations, it is almost impossible to generate good quality structured meshes ensuring accurate numerical solutions, especially with respect to drag prediction, without creating a prohibition number of nodes for the comutations (CPU time and memory). The Patched Grid technique (partially cöincident connections) is chosen as an alternative and its ability to provide reliable drag predictions is evaluated by considering test cases of increasing complexity. Furthermore, a new theorical formulation is numerically evaluatid and the motorised configurations are considered with structured and unstructured meshes
Cuenot, Bénédicte. "Étude asymptotique et numérique de la structure des flammes de diffusion laminaires et turbulentes". Toulouse, INPT, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPT001H.
Testo completoHadibroto, Agus Windharto. "Proposition d'une méthodologie de design industriel pour l'amélioration du confort des sièges des passagers dans le transport aérien". Compiègne, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992COMPD474.
Testo completoVILLAUME, Fabrice. "Contribution à la commande des systèmes complexes : application à l'automatisation du pilotage au sol des avions de transport". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010946.
Testo completoOdemer, Grégory. "Tolérance au dommage avec prise en compte des interactions fatigue-fluage de l'alliage d'aluminium 2650 T6". Poitiers, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005POIT2340.
Testo completoThe present work was undertaken within the framework of the French National Program on a Supersonic Transport Aircraft. The fuselage structure will have to meet damage tolerance requirements. Therefore, crack growth mechanisms have to be characterized at elevated temperature under different loadings where creep-fatigue interactions can be expected. The fuselage skin will still be made of aluminium alloy and the alloy selected is the 2650 T6 alloy. The intrinsic fatigue crack propagation behaviour of this alloy is similar to the behaviour of the 2XXX aluminium alloys. The environmental effect, due to the adsorption of water vapour molecules, is slight at room temperature and is almost unaffected by temperature in the range 130-175°C. Temperature has a deleterious effect on the creep crack growth rates between 100°C and 175°C. Regardless of temperature, the fracture mode is predominantly intergranular at slow growth rates. The intergranular propagation is linked to a cavitation mechanism (with the formation and growth of small cavities situated on grain boundaries by vacancies diffusion). Creep-fatigue fracture is characterized by a time-dependant damage which occurs from a critical value of the loading period regardless of the environmental conditions. The environmental effect seems to take place through an effect cyclic loading on the time-dependant propagation that decreases the propagation velocity. Under vacuum, this interaction is very slight at the beginning of the propagation and rapidly disappears. Therefore, the time-dependent propagation can be considerer as the pure creep propagation
Manouan, Aka. "Commande modale par retour statique de sortie : application au pilote automatique d'un avion de transport moderne". Toulouse, ENSAE, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ESAE0017.
Testo completoLavergne, Fabien. "Méthodologie de synthèse de lois de commandes non-linéaires etrobustes : Application au suivi de trajectoire des avions de transport". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011557.
Testo completoCelikoglu, Hakan. "La planification stratégique des activités en transport aérien : modèles intégrant la gestion des routes, des avions et des sièges". Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ECAP0401.
Testo completoMolbay-Arsan, Aybike. "Simulation numérique d'effets de jets réacteurs par résolution des équations d'Euler autour de configurations motorisées d'avions de transport en régime transsonique". Toulouse, INPT, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPT101H.
Testo completoThomas, Olivier. "Simulations numériques de perturbations d'un tourbillon de Lamb-Oseen : application à l'éclatement tourbillonnaire dans les sillages des avions de transport". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00814536.
Testo completoKron, Aymeric. "Conception de lois de commande Fly-by-wire robustes pour avions de transport civil dont la structure est considérée flexible". Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2004. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1760.
Testo completoAmant, Stéphane. "Calcul et décomposition de la traînée aérodynamique des avions de transport à partir de calculs numériques et d'essais en soufflerie". Toulouse, ENSAE, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ESAE0006.
Testo completoLavergne, Fabien. "Méthodologie de synthèse de lois de commandes non-linéaires et robustes : application au suivi de trajectoire des avions de transport". Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30248.
Testo completoThe work presented in this PhD thesis report is situated within the framework of the nonlinear and robust control of transport aircrafts. The purpose of this thesis is to couple the properties of nonlinear controllers (adaptation to the aircraft nonlinearities, explicit controllers synthesis, easy and decoupled setting once the synthesis is achieved, genericity of the obtained control laws) with essential robustness properties. Indeed, to guarantee the flight safety, both in manual handling and in automatic control, the control laws have to present strong robust stability and performances properties. After an introduction to the industrial and research context, a "techniques, methods and tools" part allows us to point out the thesis contributions in the nonlinear robust control and automatic modelling domains. The nonlinear robust control technique presented, called RMI control (for "Robust Multi-Inversion") is based on the now classical Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion (NDI) technique, notably studied at Airbus for some years (Fabrice VILLAUME, Jean DUPREZ), and is robustified by adding a complementary observation loop. We also present an automatic tool creating nonlinear, multivariable and embeddable models, as well as neural networks correlated methods. This tool is mandatory for the industrialization of our model-based flight control laws. Then the applicative part of the thesis underlines the specificities of the "aircraft" system and proposes flight control laws architectures, associated reference trajectories, and the advanced validation of the whole system by simulations performed on Airbus' certified simulator. Finally, after a conclusion on the main results and perspectives linked to the thesis, we propose annexes allowing to go further into the details of certain parts of our study
Thomas, Olivier. "Simulations numériques de perturbations d’un tourbillon de Lamb-Oseen : application à l’éclatement tourbillonnaire dans les sillages des avions de transport". Paris 6, 2009. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00814536.
Testo completoThis report synthesizes the works performed on the theme of end effects and vortex bursting observed in experimental facilities such as catapult wind tunnels or towing tanks, whose aim it is to characterize the wake vortices of civil aircraft. It includes a bibliographical synthesis, the post-processing of experimental campaigns performed in the B20 wind tunnel in ONERA Lille, the presentation of the Direct Numerical Simulation FLUDILES code, the modelling of the disturbances of a Lamb-Oseen vortex and the confirmation of DNS calculations upon the linear stability theory, the numerical and theoretical study of the nonlinear dynamics of a Lamb-Oseen vortex by means of DNS
Estévez-Torres, André. "Un microlaboratoire électrophorétique pour l'étudedu couplage entre transport et cinétique chimique :application à la réaction d'hybridation d'oligonucléotides". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00153416.
Testo completoavec la réaction chimique. Il est constitué d'une chambre d'analyse dans laquelle on peut
appliquer des champs électriques en deux dimensions pour obtenir des profils de concentration
stationnaires ou non-stationnaires. La simplicité spatiale du flux électrophorétique
utilisé permet d'appliquer systématiquement une analyse dans l'espace de Fourier. Ce traitement
fournit le coefficient de diffusion d'un analyte pur ainsi que la constante thermodynamique
et les constantes cinétiques d'un mélange réactif. Dans le but de développer des
techniques de séparation resposant sur la cinétique, nous avons étudié la réaction d'hybridation
entre deux brins d'ADN et constitué une banque d'oligonucléotides avec des
constantes cinétiques variées. Ces études nous ont mené à developper, en collaboration
avec le Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, une sonde oligonucléotidique fluorescente à
motif quadruplex permettant une discrimination cinétique lorsqu'elle s'hybride avec une
séquence parfaitement complémentaire ou mésappariée.
Rymer, Guillaume. "Analyse et modélisation du taux de réaction moyen et des mécanismes de transport en combustion turbulente prémélangée". Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ECAP0892.
Testo completoSTOICA, Dragos. "Analyse, representation et optimisation de la circulation des avions sur une plate-forme aeroportuaire". Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009323.
Testo completoEstévez, Torres André. "Un microlaboratoire électrophorétique pour l'étude du couplage entre transport et cinétique chimique : application à la réaction d'hybridation d'oligonucléotides". Paris 6, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00153416v2.
Testo completoSoumillon, Stéphane. "Phénoménologie et modélisation d'écoulements aérodynamiques instationnaires décollés pour la prévision des phénomènes aéroélastiques liés au tremblement des avions civils". Toulouse, ENSAE, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ESAE0008.
Testo completoDaumas, Laurent. "Optimisation aérodynamique dans le cadre de la conception multidisciplinaire en contexte aéronautique". Montpellier 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON20007.
Testo completoEl, Moudani Walid. "Affectation des pilotes aux vols programmés d'une compagnie aérienne : une approche dynamique multicritère basée sur les techniques de l'intelligence artificielle". Toulouse 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU20038.
Testo completoThe airlines crew rostering problem considers the assignment of the crew staff to a set of pairings covering all the scheduled flights so that operations costs are minimized while its solution meets hard constraints resulting from the safety regulations and the airlines internal agreements. These constraints contributes to the formulation of a complex combinatorial optimization problem for which a number of exact and approximate methods haven been developed. The approach proposed in this thesis differs from former works by three principal points : the integration of satisfaction degree of the crew members ; the crew rostering problem is dealt in a dynamic context where disturbances lead to modifications for the monthly crew roster planning. So this approach goes well beyond the simple resolution of a mathematical problem and configures a supervision function of the crew assignment process ; the use of techniques of the Artificial Intelligence field : Fuzzy logic and Genetic algorithms. In this study, two main situations are treated : the nominal crew rostering probelm which is elaborated before the beginning of the operation period. The reassignment in a dynamic context where disturbances lead to modifications of the monthly crew roster planning. In the first case, we deal with a combinatorial optimization problem considering simultaneously the two following criteria : the cost-airline associated with the crew assignment and the satisfaction of the crew staff. The solution approach proposed here is composed of two steps : in the first one a GRASP heuristic method is designed to get a first set of high satisfaction assignment solutions and in the second one, an optimization process, based on Genetic Algorithms is developed to minimize the crew assignment cost. A set of not-dominated solutions is then generated. Fuzzy logic is used to estimate the degree of satisfaction of the crew members. In the second case, the solution approach proposed takes into account the dynamic context of the operations which leads to an on-line redefinition of the assignment solutions. The objective consists here in minimizing the number of modifications of the previous planning. A solution scheme close to Dynamic Progamming generates a set of feasible assignment solutions and a Fuzzy Logic approach defines the relevant penalities to be introduced in the decision criterion
Demmano, Gustave. "Réactions enzymatiques cycliques : études systématiques des modèles de transport-réaction transmembranaires d'électrons et de protons. Cycles amplificateurs multienzymatiques en solution". Rouen, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ROUES027.
Testo completoKodji, Minon'tsikpo Kossi. "Rôle de médiation et de modération de certains facteurs dans l’effet de l’exposition au bruit des avions sur la santé : utilisation des approches causales". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LYO10214.
Testo completoTransportation noise exposure, particularly aircraft noise, has negative effects on health. Noise exposure could affect health through other intermediary factors (mediators). Likewise, the effect of noise on health could differ according to certain individual characteristics (moderators). The studies evaluating the role of these intermediary factors are very few in the literature and often rely on classical approaches that may be insufficient for controlling confounding biases, particularly in longitudinal studies. This thesis aims to identify potential mediators and moderators of the effect of aircraft noise exposure on the risks of poor self-reported health and hypertension, using causal inference approaches. We evaluated the mediating role of aircraft noise annoyance and sleep disturbances, as well as the moderating role of individual characteristics such as noise sensitivity, age, and gender. Additionally, we evaluated the role of non-acoustic factors on aircraft noise annoyance. The data come from the DEBATS research program conducted in France and the NORAH study in Germany. The longitudinal DEBATS study includes 1,244 participants followed in 2015 and 2017 around three French airports . The NORAH study includes 1,039 participants around Frankfurt airport between 2012 and 2013. The analyses, using marginal models based on inverse probability weighting of exposure, show that prolonged exposure to high noise levels (>60 decibels) negatively affects self-reported health mainly through the annoyance caused, with more pronounced effects in men and individuals highly sensitive to noise. Regarding hypertension, the effect of noise levels on the risk of hypertension was identified only in older individuals (65 years and over). A more pronounced effect was also observed in men. No moderating role of noise sensitivity in the effect of noise exposure on the risk of hypertension was identified. A mediating role of noise annoyance in the effect of noise exposure on the risk of hypertension was identified only in the NORAH study. However, no mediating role of sleep disturbances was identified in this effect. Moreover, non-acoustic factors such as noise sensitivity, age, trust in authorities, and coping abilities (e.g., window and roof insulation) have been identified as co-determinants of aircraft noise annoyance. Among these factors, noise sensitivity and age moderate the effect of aircraft noise on annoyance: a more pronounced effect is observed in individuals more sensitive to noise and in older participants. In conclusion, the results obtained in this thesis confirm the deleterious causal effect of aircraft noise exposure on health, particularly self-reported health and hypertension. They highlight the significant mediating role of noise annoyance in the causal mechanism of aircraft noise exposure on poor health. However, this mediating role was not confirmed for sleep disturbances in the effect of noise exposure on the risk of hypertension. Through moderation analyses, we demonstrated that individuals more sensitive to noise, older individuals, and men are more vulnerable to the adverse effects of aircraft noise exposure on health. Further longitudinal studies using objective sleep parameters are necessary to confirm the results on the mediating role of sleep disturbances in the effect of noise on the risk of hypertension
Dardenne, Isabelle. "Développement de méthodologies pour la synthèse de lois de commande d'un avion de transport souple". Toulouse, ENSAE, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ESAE0021.
Testo completoAugé, Philippe. "Amélioration du confort passagers (bruit et vibration) par attaches souples pour moteur d'avion". Toulouse, INSA, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ISAT0031.
Testo completoBlais, Brynjolf. "L'ACNUSA et la maîtrise des nuisances sonores aéroportuaires : contributions aux droits de l'environnement et du transport aérien". Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOU10029.
Testo completoEconomic development of our society was accompanied by the growth of air transport. So much so that it is now essential to maintaining the global economy. However, the soaring of this mode of transport is the cause of heavy pollution, including significant aircrafts noise. To reconcile airport development and quality of life of residents living near airports, a large legal framework has been created. However, it has not prevented the development of oppositions by local residents. Obviously, these conflicts are a real danger for air transport. To correct deficiencies of the regulation of airport noise, a quasi non-governmental organisation was created in 1999 : the Control Authority of Airport Noise (ACNUSA). This agency is responsible for reconciling airport activity while taking into consideration the protection of the environment. After more than ten years, a review of its action seems necessary. This analysis will help to raise the necessary legal changes to the development of this quasi non-governmental organisation
De, Lucia Marco. "Influence de la variabilité spatiale sur le transport réactif". Phd thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2008. https://pastel.hal.science/pastel-00004649.
Testo completoLa tesi ha per obbiettivo di quantificare gli effetti che la variabilità spaziale del mezzo poroso ha sull'evoluzione di un sistema geochimico. Le reazioni di dissoluzione o precipiazione di minerali modificano la struttura microscopica del mezzo, e con essa le proprietà idrodinamiche del sistema, la permeabilità in modo particolare. La variabilità spaziale iniziale del mezzo può essere causa della formazione di digitazioni o canalizzazioni? La prima parte della tesi tratta il cambiamento di scala, necessario per passare da una simulazione geostatistica su griglia fine al calcolo di trasporto su una tessellazione più grossolana. Nel caso del codice di calcolo Hytec, che implementa uno schema ai volumi finiti basato su discretizzazione in poligoni di Voronoï, sono stati confrontati diversi metodi di calcolo della permeabilità equivalente, seguendo dfferenti criteri. La seconda parte riguarda i calcoli di trasporto reattivo condotti su famiglie di simulazioni geostatistiche del mezzo; l'influenza della variabilità spaziale iniziale sull'evoluzione dei sistemi viene quantificata grazie ad opportune grandezze osservabili. Sono state studiate due reazioni distinte: un caso di dissoluzione, in maniera più approfondita, e più rapidamente un caso di precipitazione, il cui effetto complessivo è quello di reequilibrare il sistema
Amir, Laila. "Modèles couplés en milieux poreux : transport réactif et fractures". Phd thesis, Paris 9, 2008. https://bu.dauphine.psl.eu/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2008PA090061.
Testo completoThis thesis deals with numerical simulation of coupled models for flow and transport in porous media. We present a new method for coupling chemical reactions and transport by using a Newton-Krylov method, and we also present a model for in fractured media, based on a domain decomposition method that takes into account the case of intersecting fractures. This study is composed of three parts: the first part contains an analysis, and implementation, of various numerical methods for discretizing advection-diffusion problems, in particular by using operator splitting methods. The second part is concerned with a fully coupled method for modeling transport and chemistry problems. The coupled transport-chemistry model is described, after discretization in time, by a system of nonlinear equations. The size of the system, namely the number of grid points times the number a chemical species, precludes a direct solution of the linear system. To alleviate this difficulty, we solve the system by a Newton-Krylov method, so as to avoid forming and factoring the Jacobian matrix. In the last part, we present a model of flow in 3D for intersecting fractures, by using a domain decomposition method. The fractures are treated as interfaces between subdomains. We show existence and uniqueness of the solution, and we validate the model by numerical tests
Amir, Laila. "Modèles couplés en milieux poreux : transport réactif et fractures". Phd thesis, Université Paris Dauphine - Paris IX, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00373688.
Testo completoCe travail est divisé en trois parties : la première partie contient une analyse de différents schémas numériques pour la discrétisation des problèmes d'advection-diffusion, notamment par une technique de séparation d'opérateurs, ainsi que leur mise en oeuvre informatique, dans un code industriel.
La deuxième partie, qui est la contribution majeure de cette thèse, est consacrée à la modélisation et à l'implémentation d'une méthode de couplage globale pour le transport réactif. Le système couplé transport-chimie est décrit, après discrétisation en temps, par un système d'équations non linéaires. La taille du système sous-jacent, à savoir le nombre de points de grille multiplié par le nombre d'espèces chimiques, interdit la résolution du système linéaire par une méthode directe. Pour remédier à cette difficulté, nous utilisons une méthode de Newton-Krylov qui évite de former et de factoriser la matrice Jacobienne.
Dans la dernière partie, nous présentons un modèle d'écoulement dans un milieu fracturé tridimensionnel, basé sur une méthode de décomposition de domaine, et qui traite l'intersection des fractures. Nous démontrons l'existence et l'unicité de la solution, et nous validons le modèle par des tests numériques.
De, Lucia Marco. "Influence de la variabilité spatiale sur le transport réactif". Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004649.
Testo completoPerruchot-Triboulet, Sophie. "Validation et extensions du module d'autoprotection du code de transport neutronique multigroupe APOLLO 2". Aix-Marseille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX11047.
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