Tesi: "Auditing – Evaluation"

1

Collison, J. E. "The Evaluation of health and safety auditing systems". Thesis, Aston University, 1995. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/15296/.

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The specific objective of the research was to evaluate proprietary audit systems. Proprietary audit systems comprise question sets containing approximately 500 questions dealing with selected aspects of health and safety management. Each question is allotted a number of points and an organisation seeks to judge its health and safety performance by the overall score achieved in the audit. Initially it was considered that the evaluation method might involve comparing the proprietary audit scores with other methods of measuring safety performance. However, what appeared to be missing in the first instance was information that organisations could use to compare the contrast question set content against their own needs. A technique was developed using the computer database FileMaker Pro. This enables questions in an audit to be sorted into categories using a process of searching for key words. Questions that are not categorised by word searching can be identified and sorted manually. The process can be completed in 2-3 hours which is considerably faster than manual categorisation of questions which typically takes about 10 days. The technique was used to compare and contrast three proprietary audits: ISRS, CHASE and QSA. Differences and similarities between these audits were successfully identified. It was concluded that in general proprietary audits need to focus to a greater extent on identifying strengths and weaknesses in occupational health and safety management systems. To do this requires the inclusion of more probing questions which consider whether risk control measures are likely to be successful.

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2

Khalifa, Amna Saeed Accounting Australian School of Business UNSW. "Evaluation of alternative idea generation techniques in audit fraud risk assessments". Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Accounting, 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/31454.

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Recent international regulatory reforms have put more responsibility on auditors for detecting financial statement fraud. The recent changes to international auditing standards make it compulsory for members of the audit team to discuss the susceptibility of an entity to fraudulent misstatements at the audit planning stage. These standards do not stipulate the format of these group discussions, nor provide any explicit guidelines on how to carry out effective discussions. This dissertation reports on two studies that examine different discussion techniques which could lead to a better identification of audit fraud risks at the audit planning stage, and may in turn help in fraud detection. Study One tests whether two enhanced forms of interacting group processes (brainstorming guidelines and premortem instructions) have advantages over an interacting group (without brainstorming guidelines). The brainstorming group is provided with Osborn???s (1957) original brainstorming guidelines. Premortem is a variation of the mental simulation idea developed by Klein (1999) invoking a scenario where participants actively search for a flaw in their plans. The auditors in both the brainstorming group treatment and the premortem group treatment generated a larger number of potential frauds than the interacting group treatment. These results were robust across a range of dependent variables used to measure quantity and quality of fraud items. The results also show that more premortem groups listed rare frauds compared to the other two group structures. There was a negative relationship between the number of items listed and the assessed likelihood of fraud. Participants who estimated a higher likelihood of fraud provided a more complete mental simulation of how a fraud could be perpetrated. Study Two focuses on the individual brainstorming phase which may occur before the group brainstorming session. It examines whether giving additional brainstorming guidelines and task decomposing (in addition to the original brainstorming guidelines), improve performance compared to having only the original brainstorming guidelines. Both the additional brainstorming guidelines and the task decomposition treatments generated a larger number of potential frauds than the brainstorming guidelines treatment. Task decomposition helps participants focus equally on all task subcategories leading to a more diverse set of ideas.

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3

Abdel-Qader, Waleed, University of Western Sydney, College of Law and Business e School of Accounting. "An evaluation of the International Auditing Standards and their applications to the audit of listed corporations in Jordan". THESIS_CLAB_ACC_AbdelQader_W.xml, 2002. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/745.

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This thesis found that many criticisms were directed to the International Auditing Standards (ISA). Thus, the ISA needs more interpretations and improvements to be more applicable and suitable for Jordan. The thesis concluded that the external auditors in Jordan are complying with the ISA. From the perceptions of external auditors, shareholders, academics, internal auditors, and financial management an audit expectation gap exists in Jordan. External auditors, shareholders and the ISA are responsible for that gap. Improvements are needed to both auditors' performance and the ISA to bridge the audit expectation gap. Furthermore, this thesis introduces recommendations to eliminate the shareholders' unreasonable expectations, which is one of the reasons for the audit expectation gap in Jordan.
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

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4

Moroney, Robyn Ann Accounting Australian School of Business UNSW. "An investigation and comparison of the decision-making process used by industry specialist and other auditors". Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Accounting, 2003. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/19242.

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Large accounting firms have been structuring their audit divisions along industry lines for some years. Industry specialisation is seen as a means of differentiation between otherwise similar accounting firms. At the individual level industry specialists are identified as being so designated within their firm. They spend a substantial amount of their time auditing clients in that industry. The purpose of this study is to determine what industry specialist auditors do that is different and similar when working on industry-based tasks, one of which they specialise in. Behavioural decision theory is used to investigate the differences and similarities in the decision-making processes of industry specialist and other auditors. It is known that industry specialists perform better on tasks set in their industry. The purpose of this study is to learn why. To that end, the pre-information search, information search and decision processing phases of the decision-making process are examined. It is expected that industry specialists are more efficient and effective at each stage of the decision-making process when completing a case set in the industry they specialise in. Two controlled experiments were conducted in the offices of each of the Big 4 international accounting firms. Participants included manufacturing and superannuation industry specialists from each firm. Each participant was invited to take part in both experiments, which were conducted consecutively via the internet. The first experiment comprised two cases, one set in each industry setting (manufacturing and superannuation). Participants completed both cases. The purpose of the first experiment was to conduct a within-subject examination unveiling similarities and differences between industry specialists and other auditors during the pre-information search, information search and decision processing phases of the decision-making process. Their performance on each case was also monitored and measured. Significant results were found for information search and performance. Moderate results were found for one proxy each of the pre-information search and the decision processing phases. The relationship between efficiency at each stage of the decision-making process and performance was also measured. A significant relationship was found for the pre-information search and decision processing phases. The second experiment comprised two strategic business risk tasks set in each industry setting (manufacturing and superannuation). Participants completed both sets of tasks. The purpose of the second experiment was to examine effectiveness during the pre-information search (listing key strategic business risks), information search (listing key inputs) and decision processing (listing key processes) phases of the decision-making process and their ability to identify and list key outputs (accounts and assertions) for an identified risk (technological change for the manufacturing industry task and solvency due to insufficient funding for the superannuation industry task) within each industry setting. The results were very significant overall. Industry specialist auditors were able list more key strategic business risks, inputs, processes and outputs when the task was set in the industry in which they specialise. The relationship between effectiveness at each stage of the decision-making process and performance was also measured. A significant relationship was found between effectiveness in listing key inputs and effectiveness in listing key outputs (accounts).

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5

Scholz, Christian. "Evaluation and categorization of findings according to the Minimum Requirements for the Internal Audit Function of Banks 1/2000 (German Federal Financial Supervisory Authority)". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/70206.

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Thesis (MBA)- Stellenbosch University, 2004.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The main object of this study project is clause 14 of the circular 1/2000 "Minimum Requirements for the Internal Audit Function of Banks" of the German Federal Financial Supervisory Authority. It requires that banks have a risk management system, a risk-based audit planning and a risk-based audit procedure. These have initiated the transformation process of the internal audit functions from the traditional audit approach, which is past and present orientated, to the risk-based audit approach, which is future oriented. During audit planning the audit objects are chosen due to their inherent-risk instead of choosing them due to indications of pastrelated information or estimations. To determine the inherent-risk the audit object's risk factors have to be determined and assessed. The aim of the study is to set up a model, which allows the standardized categorization of findings according to the Minimum Requirements for the Internal Audit Function of Banks 1/2000, which requires a categorization of findings into at least three categories: shortcoming, serious shortcoming, and particular grave deficiency. The Minimum Requirements doesn't impose a restriction to the method of categorization. The survey "Categorization of Findings" revealed that all banks are categorizing the findings, but that only a few banks are using an objective method to do so. To ensure a coherent, transparent and objective classification of the findings the classification process has to be standardized. For a standardized classification process the extent of the findings have to be comparable and quantitative. Therefore, techniques and methods have to be applied, which quantifies the extent of the findings making them comparable. In order to find the right method to assess the extent of the finding one has to look at the components of a finding. A finding consists of risk, which is expressed by the occurrence probability and the extent of damage. The occurrence probability and the extent of damage are described by various risk factors, which are quantitative and qualitative. These risk factors have to be objectively evaluated and aggregated to determine the risk and thus, the extent of the finding. The main problems of this assessment are the quantification of the qualitative risk factors and the aggregation of all risk factors. For the quantification of qualitative risk factors the methods three dimensional analysis and the Delphi-Method are most appropriate. These two methods can be used for the evaluation of a quantitative risk factor as well. Furthermore, the methods sensitivity analysis, Monte Carlo simulation, and statistical methods can assist the assessment of qualitative risk factors, but these methods alone are not appropriate for the assessment of qualitative risk factors. When aggregating the assessments of the risk factors a combination of successive comparison and Scoring Model are suitable. The classification of findings for the annual audit report can be conducted by use of the ABC-Analysis. Prior to this, the scored findings have to be weighted according to the importance of the audit object for the company. All findings in class A represent serious shortcomings and particular grave defiCiencies, class B represents shortcomings, and class C negligible shortcomings. The classification process can be assisted by the use of the risk map and the risk portfolio, but the sole use of these methods would not lead to a proper classification.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die hoof doelwit van hierdie studieprojek is klousule 14 van die Sirkuler 1/2000 "Minimum vereistes vir die Interne Oudit funksie van banke" van die Duitse Federale Finansiele Toesighoudende gesag. Dit vereis dat banke 'n risikobestuur sisteem, 'n risiko baseerde oudit plan en risiko baseerde oudit prosedures daar stel. Hierdie verseistes het die transformasie van die interne oudit funksies inisieer, vanaf die tradisionele benadering wat op die verlede en die huidige gefokus het, tot 'n risiko gebaseerde benadering wat op die toekoms gerig is. Gedurende die oudit beplanning word die oudit onderwerpe gekies vanwee hul inherente risikos eerder as vanwee die indikasies van verlede-gebaseerde informasie of estimasies. Om die inherente risikos te bepaal, is dit nodig om die oudit onderwerp se risiko faktore te bepaal en te bereken. Die doeI van die studie is die daarstelling van 'n model vir die gestandardiseerde kategorisering van bevindinge na aanleiding van die "Minimum vereistes vir die Interne Oudit funksie van banke" in ten minste drie kategorie: leemtes, ernstige tekortkominge en spesifieke growwe tekorte. Die Minimum Vereistes beperk nie die metode van kategorisering nie. Die opname "Catagorising of Findings" toon dat al die banke wel hul bevindings kategorieseer maar dat slegs 'n paar banke 'n objektiewe metode hierin toe pas. Om verstaanbare, deursigtige en objektiewe klassifikasie van bevindinge te verseker is dit nodig dat die proses van klassifikasie gestandardiseer word. Vir 'n gestandardiseerde klassifikasie proses moet die resultate van bevindinge vergelykbaar en kwantitatief wees. Hiervoor moet tegnieke en metodes toegepas word wat die resultate van bevindinge kwantifiseer en so vergelykbaar maak. Om die regte metode te vind vir die analisering van die resultate van 'n bevinding, moet daar na die komponente van die bevinding gekyk word. 'n Bevinding bestaan uit risiko wat uitgedruk word as die gebeurlikheidswaarskynlikheid en omvang van skade. Die gebeurlikheidswaarskynlikheid en omvang van skade word beskryf deur 'n verskeidenheid van risiko faktore wat beide kwalitatief en kwantitatief van aard is. Hierdie risiko faktore moet objektief evalueer en saamgevat word om die risiko en so die omvang van die bevinding te bepaal. Die grootste probleem met die analise is die kwantifisering van die kwalitatiewe risiko faktore en die samevatting van al die risiko faktore . Vir die kwatifisering van die kwalitatiewe risiko faktore, is die Drie Dimensionele Analise en die Delphi metodes die mees toepaslikes. Hulle kan ook gebruik word vir die evaluasie van 'n kwantitatiewe risiko faktor. Verder kan die metodes van sensitiwiteitsontleding, Monte Carlo simulasie en ander statistiese metodes ook help met die berekening van kwantitatiewe risiko faktore. Hulle is egter nie toepaslik vir die berekening van kwalitatiewe risiko faktore nie. Met die aggregasie van die analiese van risiko faktore, is die kombinasie van Opeenvolgende Vergelyking en Punte Toekenning modelle ook toepaslik. Die klassifisering van bevindinge vir die jaarlikse oudit verslag kan gedoen word deur die gebruik van ABC-analise. Voorheen moes daar aan die bevindinge gewigte toegeken word in ooreenstemming met die belangrikheid van die oudit onderwerp vir die maatskappy. Alle resultate in klas A verteenwoordig ernstige tekortkominge en besonder gewigtig gebrekkig , klas B verteenwoordig tekortkominge en klas C geringe tekortkominge. Die klasifikasie proses kan bygestaan word deur die gebruik van 'n risiko kaart en risiko portefeulje. Die alleen gebruik van die metodes sal egter nie 'n ordentlike klassifikasie verseker nie.

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6

Keil, James E. "An evaluation of Company XYZ's use of electronic on-board recorder system for Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) regulatory compliance". Menomonie, WI : University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2006. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2006/2006keilj.pdf.

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7

Ersoy, Yasemin. "An evaluation of the role of external auditing in the accountability of co-operatives in Turkey". Thesis, Cardiff University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251527.

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8

Moffeit, Katherine S. (Katherine Southerland). "The Effect of Cognitive Style on Auditor Internal Control Evaluation". Thesis, North Texas State University, 1985. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331974/.

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The present auditing environment involves increasing audit costs and potential legal liability. Increasing audit costs mandate methods to make the audit more efficient, while the credibility of audited financial statements depends on audit effectiveness. Internal accounting control evaluation impacts both the efficiency and effectiveness of the audit process since this judgment establishes a basis for determining the timing, nature and amount of auditing procedures to be performed. Results of previous research, however, have indicated that variance does exist in auditors' evaluations of internal controls. While individual differences have been given as an explanation of the variance, no research has successfully isolated which individual differences relate to differences in judgment. This study examined the possibility that cognitive style, defined as the mode of processing which individuals use in their perceptual activities, was an individual difference which could explain some of the variance in internal control judgments. The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) was used to measure the cognitive style of auditors. A second instrument, an audit judgment case, was prepared by the researcher to elicit (1) an auditor's estimate of the reliability of internal controls in a computerized payroll application, and (2) his assessment of the perceived relevance of case information to his reliability judgment. Ninety auditors attending training sessions held by six Dallas CPA firms completed the MBTI and case description. These instruments were administered by the researcher during the Summer of 1984. The participants were primarily senior-level auditors with three years' experience. The statistical methods used in this study included the t-test and ANOVA. Results of the study indicated lack of consensus in the internal control reliability estimates of the participants. Differences were noted in the information the sensing and intuitive types identified as important to their reliability estimates. The number of cues identified as important by the participants was not significantly related to their perceptual mode (sensing or intuitive) or to their internal control reliability judgment.

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9

Lilley, Rebbecca Catherine, e n/a. "The development of an occupational health and safety surveillance tool for New Zealand workers". University of Otago. Dunedin School of Medicine, 2007. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20071011.112802.

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World-wide, working life is undergoing major changes. Established market economies are increasingly characterised by demands for vastly greater market flexibility. New Zealand (NZ) has been no different with rapid changes occurring over the last 2 decades in the organisation of labour, of work and of the work environment. Recent international research suggests that work change significantly impacts upon worker health and safety. Many OECD nations undertake routine cross-sectional surveys to monitor changes in working conditions and environments, assessing the health and safety impact of these changes. Similar monitoring is not undertaken in NZ, with the impact of the work environment on health and injury outcomes poorly understood. This lack of knowledge (monitoring) is considered to be a significant impediment to the progression of health and safety initiatives in NZ. The aim of this thesis was to develop a tool (questionnaire) and methodology suitable for use in the surveillance of working conditions, work environments and health and injury outcomes using workers� surveys. The survey development was undertaken in 3 phases: i) development of tool through critical review; ii) empirical methodological testing and iii) an empirical validation study. Questionnaire development was a stepwise process of content selection. Firstly key dimensional themes were identified via critical review of literature and existing international surveys leading to the establishment of a dimensional framework. Secondly a critical review of questions to measure key dimensions based upon selection criteria occurred. Finally the selected questions and design were pre-tested before piloting. A similar development process was undertaken for the development of a calendar collecting occupational histories. A methodological study was undertaken piloting the questionnaire. Two methods of data collection were evaluated: face-to-face and telephone interviews, and two methods of occupational history collection: calendar and question set. Telephone interviewing was found to be the more efficient and effective data collection method while occupational history collection was found to be less time consuming by question set. Focus groups indicated questions were acceptable and suitable to NZ workers. A validation study was undertaken with a cross-sectional study in distinctly different occupational groups: cleaners and clerical workers. Comparisons were made between the groups with cleaners expected to be identified as employed under more hazardous working conditions and be exposed to more hazards of a physical nature, while clerical workers were expected to be exposed to more psychological hazards of a psychological nature. Results indicated the questionnaire provides data capable of making valid comparisons, identifying work patterns of high risk and provides good predictive validity. The final survey has the potential to generate population data on a wide range of work-related exposure and health variables relevant to contemporary working life. The survey results will contribute to understanding the range of working conditions and work environments NZ workers are currently exposed to and to assessing the health and safety impact of these exposures. Therefore it is recommended this tool initially be used in a national workforce survey to establish baseline surveillance data of working conditions, work environments and health and safety outcomes in NZ.

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10

Pan, Ye, e 潘燁. "The association between organizational culture and Control Self Assessment: adoption and approach choice". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B38901444.

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11

Abdel-Qader, Waleed. "An evaluation of the International Auditing Standards and their application to the audit of listed corporations in Jordan /". View thesis, 2002. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030718.114033/index.html.

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Thesis (PhD) -- University of Western Sydney, 2001.
"This thesis is submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, School of Accounting, University of Western Sydney" Includes bibliographical references.

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12

Jenkins, Donald J. "Evaluation of fraud detection data mining used in the auditing process of the Defense Finance And Accounting Service". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2002. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/02Jun%5FJenkins.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Operations Research)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2002.
Thesis advisor(s): Samuel E. Buttrey, Lyn R. Whitaker. Includes bibliographical references (p. 103-105). Also available online.

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13

Taylor, Eileen Zalkin. "The effects of in-group bias and decision aids on auditors' evidence evaluation". [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001572.

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14

Daniels, Nokuthula. "An evaluation of treasury oversight and budget under-spending in selected Eastern Cape Provincial Departments". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/3265.

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The investigation of this study focused on the ability of provincial government departments in South Africa to spend allocated revenues on activities adequately, with a direct bearing on social and economic development. The research presents an analysis of two selected Eastern Cape Provincial Government departments’ expenditure for a three-year timeframe (the fiscal years from 2009–2012), with a focus on the oversight role played by the Provincial Planning and Treasury department in instilling fiscal discipline in the provinces, and the potentially detrimental effect of under-spending on provincial service delivery. Among other things mentioned and discussed are, firstly, the fiscal policy; secondly, the funding of provincial departments; thirdly, the role and responsibilities of the Provincial Planning and Treasury department. The study adopted a qualitative methodology which focussed on the perspective of the insider who has experienced first-hand the activities or procedures under scrutiny in the selected provincial departments. Further, the qualitative researcher believed that first-hand experience provides the most meaningful data. In support of this, the respondents were asked twenty-two questions, the first five of which were based on the need to understand their personal particulars. A semi-structured questionnaire was distributed to 43 officials and 22 of those questionnaires were returned.

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15

Enslin, Zacharias. "Cloud computing : COBIT-mapped benefits, risks and controls for consumer enterprises". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20116.

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Thesis (MComm)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Cloud computing has emerged as one of the most hyped information technology topics of the decade. Accordingly, many information technology service offerings are now termed as cloud offerings. Cloud computing has attracted, and continues to attract, extensive technical research attention. However, little guidance is given to prospective consumers of the cloud computing services who may not possess technical knowledge, or be interested in the in-depth technical aspects aimed at information technology specialists. Yet these consumers need to make sense of the possible advantages that may be gained from utilising cloud services, as well as the possible incremental risks it may expose an enterprise to. The aim of this study is to inform enterprise managers, who possess business knowledge and may also be knowledgeable on the main aspects of COBIT, on the topic of cloud computing. The study focuses on the significant benefits which the utilisation of cloud computing services may bring to a prospective consumer enterprise, as well as the significant incremental risks this new technological advancement may expose the enterprise to. Proposals of possible controls that the prospective consumer enterprise can implement to mitigate the incremental risks of cloud computing are also presented.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: “Cloud computing” (wolkbewerking) het na vore getree as een van die mees opspraakwekkende inligtingstegnologieverwante onderwerpe van die dekade. Gevolglik word talle inligtingstegnologie-dienste nou as “cloud”-dienste aangebied. Uitgebreide aandag in terme van tegnologiese navorsing is en word steeds deur “cloud computing” ontlok. Weinig aandag word egter geskenk aan leiding vir voornemende verbruikers van “cloud”-dienste, wie moontlik nie tegniese kennis besit nie, of nie belangstel in die diepgrondige tegniese aspekte wat op inligtingstegnologie-spesialiste gemik is nie. Tog moet hierdie verbruikers sin maak van die moontlike voordele wat die gebruik van “cloud”-dienste mag bied, asook die moontlike inkrementele risiko’s waaraan die onderneming blootgestel mag word. Die doel van hierdie studie is om die bestuurders van ondernemings, wie besigheidskennis besit en moontlik ook kundig is oor die hoof aspekte van COBIT, in te lig oor wat “cloud computing” is. Die studie fokus op die beduidende voordele wat die benutting van “cloud computing”-dienste aan die voornemende verbruikersonderneming mag bied, asook die beduidende inkrementele risiko’s waaraan die onderneming blootgestel mag word as gevolg van hierdie tegnologiese vooruitgang. Voorstelle van moontlike beheermaatreëls wat die voornemende verbruikersonderneming kan implementeer ten einde die inkrementele risiko’s van “cloud computing” teë te werk word ook aangebied.

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Nykvist, Carl, e Martin Larsson. "Lightweight Portable Intrusion Detection System for Auditing Applications : Implementation and evaluation of a lightweight portable intrusion detection system using Raspberry Pi and Wi-Fi Pineapple". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Databas och informationsteknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-157481.

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The goal of this thesis was to develop, deploy and evaluate a lightweight portable intrusion detection system (LPIDS) over wireless networks. The LPIDS was developed by adopting two different string matching algorithms: Aho-Corasick algorithm and Knuth–Morris–Pratt algorithm (KMP). The LPIDS was implemented and tested on the hardware platforms Wi-Fi Pineapple and Raspberry Pi. To evaluate and test the LPIDS as well as the algorithms, performance metrics such as throughput, response time and power consumption are considered. The experimental results reveal that Aho-Corasick performed better than KMP throughout the majority of the process, but KMP was typically faster in the beginning with fewer rules. Similarly, Raspberry Pi shows remarkably higher performance than Wi-Fi Pineapple in all of the measurements. Moreover, we compared the throughput between LPIDS and Snort. It was concluded that the throughput was significantly higher for LPIDS when most of the rules do not include content parameters. This thesis concludes that due to computational complexity and slow hardware processing capabilities of Wi-Fi Pineapple, it could not become suitable IDS in the presence of different pattern matching strategies. Finally, we propose a modification of Snort to increase the throughput of the system.

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17

Mat, Daud Zaidi. "The study of the audit expectations gap in the public sector of Malaysia". Thesis, University of Stirling, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/447.

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The audit expectations gap is a prominent issue in the private sector. However, in the public sector, the audit expectations gap is an emerging issue that has received little attention by reseachers. To date, only a limited number of studies on the audit expectations gap in the public sector are available, either in the context of a financial audit or a performance audit. This study focused on the audit expectations gap in the context of the latter. The importance of the performance audit function in the Malaysian public sector, combined with recent developments related to this type of audit in the country (such as increasing expectations among the users and associated problems in practice) were the reasons for conducting the study in this area. Thus, the study aims to identify the existence of the audit expectations gap in the Malaysian public sector. In achieving this objective, it explores the perceptions of auditors and Public Account Committee (PAC) members, auditees and ‘other users’ (consisting of journalists, politicians and academics). The conceptual framework in this study was developed based on Chowdhury’s (1996) and Porter’s (1993) approaches. Utilising the accountability-based framework as suggested by Chowdhury, six audit concepts (auditor independence, auditor competence, audit scope, auditor ethics, audit reporting and auditing standards) were examined. Porter’s model was subsequently utilised to identify the nature and the components of the gap. This study employed two types of research methods: interviews and audit report analysis. Interviews were conducted with 37 participants comprising of auditors, PAC members, auditees and ‘other users’. The second research method involved the examination of four performance audit reports. The findings of this study indicated that the audit expectations gap exists in the Malaysian public sector in the context of performance auditing. The analysis of interviews and audit reports clearly suggest that the audit expectations gap exists over a number of auditing issues. These comprise fraud detection exercises, the influence of management, executive and other parties on auditors, outsourcing the audit to private audit firms, content and format of the audit report and extending the audit mandate to cover the question of merits of policy.

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18

Al-Raisi, Ahmed Naser. "An investigation into performance, stress level, auditing and evaluation of core skills training among staff working in emergency operation services, search and rescue and disaster response teams in Abu Dhabi Police GHQ". Thesis, London Metropolitan University, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.595663.

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The present research investigation was designed to evaluate the performance, stress level, core skills training and competency of Emergency and Public Safety response team members including those who work in the Search and Rescue team in Abu Dhabi Police (ADP) GHQ. However, this research project has also taken the psychological approach and used the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-30, Goldberg, 1967, 1972, 1978, Goldberg & Hillier, 1979) to assess stress level among staff and leaders working in emergency response and public safety administrations teams at ADP GHQ. Overall this study is an attempt to investigate the main factors which contribute to the vulnerability of staff and the inadequate performance while responding to routine emergency work. The present investigation employed a mixed (qualitative and quantitative) descriptive research design, and involved a sample of (539) staff participants who were of different ages, gender and levels of experience. All participants were working at the time in the Emergency and Public Safety Administration and some were members of the International Search and Rescue team ADP GHQ. The main literature relevant to this investigation is covered in two main chapters (I.e. chapters 1 and 2) of this research project. Main results of this study indicated that more than half of the surveyed sample (62.5%) were in the age group of 18- 28 years, followed by 31.5% in the age group 29-39 years. Female participant staff working in Emergency and Public Safety were represented by 4.3% of the participants included in this study. Hence the majority of staff were male. That is 95.7% of participants were males holding appropriate relevant Higher Education qualifications. The majority (80.5%) of the sample were involved in daily fieldwork such as ambulance emergency work or participation in the rapid intervention and civil defence as well as international rescue mission activities including participation in manmade and natural disasters. Further, more than half of participants in the sample were satisfied with the training and efficiency of the equipment they use for their daily duties. More than half of the sample (62.3%) view their preparations as appropriate and good. Moreover, 14.8% (n = 80) declared that their preparedness for the service is excellent. Results of local and international participation indicated that 73.8% of previous participation of the sample members was local; mainwhile (26%) of the sample had involvement in international missions. 2

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Masehela, Langutani Meriam. "An exploration into the conditions enabling and constraining the implementation of quality assurance in higher education: the case of a small comprehensive university in South Africa". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020312.

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At an international level, demands for accountability in respect of the quality of teaching and learning in higher education are increasing. This is also the case in South Africa. The response to these demands has taken the form of the introduction of quality assurance systems to higher education. In South Africa, a formal national external quality assurance was introduced to the higher education system in 2001 as a result of the establishment of the Higher Education Quality Committee. The Higher Education Quality Committee is a standing committee of the South African Council on Higher Education. Like other quality assurance agencies across the world, the Higher Education Quality Committee has the responsibility for i) auditing institutions of higher education and ii) accrediting learning programmes. The first cycle of institutional audits ran from 2004 until 2011. As quality assurance was introduced to the higher education system and the first cycle of institutional audits began, universities in South Africa developed policies and procedures intended to assure quality in three areas of their core functioning: research, teaching and learning and community engagement. The University of Venda, which is the focus of the study on which this thesis is based, was no exception. As a practitioner in the Centre for Higher Education Teaching and Learning at The University of Venda, it was my observation that the policies and procedures intended to assure quality in teaching and learning were not always implemented by academic staff members. This was in spite of poor student performance data which raised questions about the quality of the teaching and learning processes in place. The study underpinning this thesis was designed to explore this phenomenon. More specifically, it aimed to identify the conditions enabling and constraining the implementation of policies and procedures in two Schools in the University: the School of Health Sciences and the School of Human and Social Sciences. In order to explore these conditions, I adopted Roy Bhaskar’s Critical Realism as an under-labouring philosophy for the study. Critical realism posits a view of reality comprising three strata, none of which can be reducible to the other. The first of these strata is termed the level of the Empirical and consists of the experiences and observations which become apparent to us through the senses. The second layer, the Actual, consists of events from which these experiences and observations emerge. Underpinning both of these layers is a further layer, the Real, which is not accessible by empirical means and which consists of structures and mechanisms which generate both events at the level of the Actual and experiences and observation at the level of the Empirical. The design of my study sought to reach this deepest layer of reality to identify these mechanisms. Bhaskar’s critical realism is philosophy which needs to be operationalized using substantive, or explanatory, theory. For this purpose, I drew on Margaret Archer’s social realism. The design on my study drew on case study methodology and involved in-depth interviews with members of the two Schools which each formed cases within the more overarching case of the University itself. In addition to these interviews, I analysed a range of institutional documents related to the assurance of quality in teaching and learning. The exploration of enabling and constraining conditions at the level of the Real allow me to make a series of recommendations in the final Chapter of my thesis intended to enhance the quality assurance system introduced to the University.

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20

Haimon, Zvi. "Evaluating the effectiveness of internal auditing in municipalities in Israel". Thesis, City University London, 1998. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/7570/.

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The aim of this research is to evaluate the effectiveness of internal auditing in municipalities in Israel, as perceived by different groups of users. A model to evaluate effectiveness was developed, followed by the preparation of a self-administered questionnaire of the Likert type. After pilot testing, the questionnaire was despatched. The empirical study was conducted on the majority of Israeli municipalities that possess an internal auditing unit. The respondent groups also included journalists at local newspapers who cover the annual municipality internal auditing reports. The returned questionnaires provided the data used in the research analysis. After factor analysis, the model emerged based on the following components: Independence, Competence, Scope of work, Performance of the internal auditing unit, and the Implementation of corrective action following the internal auditing findings. The respondents were divided into five groups: (1) Staff of the municipality internal auditing unit (2) Councillors - elected by the public (3) Top management (4) Middle level management (5) Journalists. Meetings were also held with the mayors of various municipalities to ascertain their opinions on the results of the data analysis. The research findings revealed major differences in the evaluation of effectiveness between different groups of users. In general, the research shows that the closer the user stands to the internal auditing operation, the higher the evaluation. The implementation of corrective action following the internal auditing findings was rated by all the respondent groups as lower than the other components. Another result is that the internal auditing unit tends to be perceived as less effective in smaller municipalities; for this comparison, municipalities were divided into three categories according to population size. The research has yielded various recommendations for operational change in order to improve the effectiveness of internal auditing in municipalities. The model developed in this study can also serve to evaluate the different aspects of effectiveness of individual internal auditing units in individual municipalities in Israel.

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Cannavina, Vando Cardoso. "Os controles internos das entidades da administra????o p??blica direta do Poder Executivo Federal : um estudo baseado nos relat??rios de gest??o referentes ?? presta????o de contas anual ao Tribunal de Contas da Uni??o". FECAP - Faculdade Escola de Com??rcio ??lvares Penteado, 2014. http://132.0.0.61:8080/tede/handle/tede/528.

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This study aimed to identify by means of self-assessment of the Public Administration Direct of the Federal Executive Power, the perception of their managers about how their internal control systems have been used to achieve the institutional goals , and more specifically check if there are significant differences between the internal controls implemented by the various agencies that make up the structure of these and identify groups of public bodies with different characteristics and their strengths and weaknesses in internal control groups assessed with reference to the components of internal control COSO/ INTOSAI . It sought to answer if the Direct Public Administration of Federal Executive Power, as the perception of their managers, has used internal controls as a tool to improve their performance and meet their corporate objectives. This research is the descriptive type, which documentary data collection occurred through management reports delivered to the accountability of the year 2011 to the Court of Audit (TCU) by 382 public institutions of direct administration of the federal executive branch. These documents contain a questionnaire composed of 30 probes that assess the perception of these units in terms of structuring their internal controls on a scale that ranges from 1 to 5. After structuring such data, applied to confirmatory factor analysis to verify that the statements were capable of measuring the constructs, data analysis was by descriptive statistics and cluster analysis in order to achieve the proposed objectives and answer the research question, still applying the nonparametric Mann-Whitney test to compare the responses and assess which aspects of the groups there were differences. The results showed that the components of the internal control structure are most appropriate in relation to the \"control environment\" and \"information and communication\" since the component risk assessment showed greater fragility. It was also possible to identify two groups, the best assessment and other lower rating, the best perceptions occurred for organs linked to the Ministry of Defense, and the lowest ratings for organs linked to the Ministry of Planning, Budget and Management, notably for Federal Properties Management Office (SPU) and the Ministry of Health and its state centers. The perception by senior management that internal controls are essential to achieve the goals of the unit is detachable as a positive point, although only 36.6 % of them understand that they contribute fully to the achievement of planned results. The main negative point for the two groups refers to the component of risk assessment, the results showed that their main aspects are not practiced in the context of respondents organs. Finally, it can be conclude that the institutions of direct administration of the federal executive power do not fully utilize internal controls as a tool to improve their performance and achieve their institutional goals
Este trabalho teve como objetivo identificar, por meio dos ??rg??os da Administra????o P??blica Direta do Poder Executivo Federal, a percep????o dos seus gestores sobre o quanto seus sistemas de controles internos t??m sido utilizados para o alcance dos objetivos institucionais, mais especificamente verificar se existem diferen??as significativas entre os controles internos implantados pelos diversos ??rg??os que comp??em a estrutura destes, al??m de identificar grupos de ??rg??os p??blicos com caracter??sticas diversas e os respectivos pontos fortes e fracos do controle interno dos grupos avaliados, tendo como refer??ncia os componentes de controle interno COSO/INTOSAI. Procurou-se responder se a Administra????o P??blica Direta do Poder Executivo Federal, conforme a percep????o de seus gestores, tem utilizado os controles internos como ferramenta para melhorar seu desempenho e cumprir seus objetivos institucionais. Esta pesquisa ?? do tipo descritiva e a coleta de dados documental ocorreu por meio dos relat??rios de gest??o entregues na presta????o de contas do ano de 2011 ao Tribunal de Contas da Uni??o por 382 ??rg??os p??blicos da administra????o p??blica direta do Poder Executivo Federal. Tais documentos cont??m question??rios compostos de 30 assertivas que avaliam a percep????o dessas unidades quanto ?? estrutura????o dos seus controles internos, em uma escala que varia de 1 a 5. Ap??s a estrutura????o desses dados, aplicou-se a an??lise fatorial confirmat??ria para verificar se as assertivas eram capazes de medir os construtos (componentes de controle). A an??lise de dados ocorreu por meio de estat??stica descritiva e da an??lise de clusters com o intuito de atender aos objetivos propostos e responder a quest??o de pesquisa, aplicando-se, ainda, o teste n??o param??trico de Mann-Whitney para comparar as respostas e para avaliar em quais aspectos os grupos diferiam. Os resultados indicaram que os componentes da estrutura do sistema de controle interno do Poder Executivo Federal est??o mais adequados em rela????o ao \"ambiente de controle\" e \"informa????o e comunica????o\", j?? o componente \"avalia????o de riscos\" mostrou maior fragilidade. Foi poss??vel, ainda, identificar dois grupos: um de melhor avalia????o e outro de menor avalia????o. As melhores avalia????es ocorreram para os ??rg??os vinculados ao Minist??rio da Defesa, e as menores avalia????es para os ??rg??os vinculados ao Minist??rio do Planejamento, Or??amento e Gest??o, notadamente para as Secret??rias de Patrim??nio da Uni??o e para o Minist??rio da Sa??de e seus n??cleos estaduais. A percep????o pelos altos dirigentes de que os controles internos s??o essenciais ?? consecu????o dos objetivos da unidade ?? destac??vel como ponto positivo, embora apenas 36,6% deles entendam que eles contribuem plenamente para a consecu????o dos resultados planejados. O principal ponto negativo para os dois grupos refere-se ao componente avalia????o de riscos, cujos resultados revelaram que os seus principais aspectos n??o s??o praticados no ??mbito dos ??rg??os respondentes. Por fim, foi poss??vel concluir que os ??rg??os da administra????o p??blica direta do Poder Executivo Federal n??o utilizam plenamente os controles internos como ferramenta para melhorar seu desempenho e alcan??ar seus objetivos institucionais

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Oliveira, LÃvia Ferreira de Melo. "AvaliaÃÃo de serviÃos de triagem auditiva neonatal de Fortaleza, CearÃ". Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2013. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=10516.

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IntroduÃÃo: Os ServiÃos de Triagem Auditiva Neonatal de Hospitais e Maternidades realizam a triagem dos recÃm-nascidos normais e com risco para deficiÃncia auditiva antes da alta hospitalar. A testagem dos neonatos de UTIN deve incluir obrigatoriamente o PEATE, e tem que haver o monitoramente dos bebÃs com IRDA. A lei federal 12.303/2010 obriga todos os Hospitais e Maternidades da realizarem gratuitamente um dos exames da Triagem Auditiva Neonatal. Neste estudo, objetivou-se avaliar os ServiÃos de Triagem Auditiva Neonatal instalados nos Hospitais e Maternidades pertencentes ao Sistema Ãnico de SaÃde e da rede privada da cidade de Fortaleza, CearÃ. Metodologia: Consistiu em estudo transversal, realizado em duas etapas, identificaÃÃo dos Hospitais/Maternidades que possuem e nÃo possuem STAN e caracterizaÃÃo da Estrutura, Processo e Resultados dos serviÃos. Os locais sem STAN responderam os motivos de nÃo implantaÃÃo do serviÃo, e os locais com STAN responderam questionÃrio sobre Estrutura, Processo e Resultados, cuja avaliaÃÃo foi categorizada em satisfatÃria e insatisfatÃria de acordo com a comparaÃÃo com recomendaÃÃes internacionais. Foi ainda caracterizado um STAN de Hospital de Fortaleza avaliado. Os resultados foram apresentados de forma descritiva, e as variÃveis categÃricas foram testadas atravÃs do qui-quadrado. Resultados: Dos 15 Hospitais/Maternidades de Fortaleza, 33% possuem STAN e 67% nÃo possuem. Entre a rede pÃblica 57% possuem STAN e na rede privada 13% possuem. 90% dos Hospitais/Maternidades que nÃo possuem STAN encaminham os recÃm-nascidos para outros locais e a falta de recursos financeiros (70%) foi motivo mais relatado para nÃo implantaÃÃo do serviÃo. As instituiÃÃes pÃblicas (100%) conhecem a lei 12.303 e 57% das instituiÃÃes privadas nÃo conhecem. SÃo 5 STAN em funcionamento nos Hospitais e Maternidades de Fortaleza, sendo somente 1 na rede privada. O nÃmero de profissionais nos STAN foi 2 (40%) e 1 (40%). O Ãndice de Cobertura variou entre 24 e 99%, tendo uma mÃdia de 63%. A mÃdia do Ãndice de Falha na triagem correspondeu a 20%. Os quesitos da Estrutura avaliados como satisfatÃrios foram: entrega do resultado da triagem (100%), presenÃa do profissional audiologista (100%), presenÃa do pediatra/neonatologista (100%), tecnologia usada na realizaÃÃo do exame (100%), local de realizaÃÃo da triagem (80%), registro do prontuÃrio ou livro de registro (80%), serviÃo de avaliaÃÃo audiolÃgica completa. E os insatisfatÃrios foram: profissional otorrinolaringologista, serviÃo de avaliaÃÃo mÃdica e serviÃo de intervenÃÃo terapÃutica(80%). Os quesitos do Processo avaliados como satisfatÃrios foram: escolha do protocolo da TAN (100%) e realizaÃÃo de reteste na prÃpria instituiÃÃo (80%), enquanto os insatisfatÃrios: seguimento da crianÃa (80%) e protocolo de triagem das crianÃas com permanÃncia em UTIN (60%). Os Ãnicos quesitos dos Resultados dos STAN avaliados como satisfatÃrios foram: Controle mensal das crianÃas que nÃo passaram na primeira triagem (100%) e Ãndice de crianÃas encaminhadas para diagnÃstico audiolÃgico (60%). Os resultados do STAN do Hospital mostrou falha em 43,9% da amostra, maior chance de passar na triagem ao realizar EOAT (p<0,001), maior chance em falhar (60,2%) se a crianÃa tivesse permanecido em UTIN (p<0,001) ou se fosse portadora de IRDA (64,3%), maior chance de apresentar algum encaminhamento (93,6%) se falhar na triagem. ConclusÃo: A lei federal 12.303/2010 nÃo estÃ sendo cumprida na cidade de Fortaleza e apesar dos STAN de Fortaleza apresentarem uma Estrutura satisfatÃria, estÃo ocorrendo Processos e Resultados insatisfatÃrios. Recomenda-se o aprofundamento do tema para a melhoria da qualidade dos ServiÃos de Triagem Auditiva Neonatal de Fortaleza-CE.

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Frascá, Maria Fernanda Simões dos Santos. ""Processamento auditivo em teste e reteste: confiabilidade da avaliação"". Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5160/tde-21122005-140930/.

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A fim de avaliar a confiabilidade de alguns dos testes que avaliam o Processamento Auditivo (PA), foi realizado um estudo do tipo teste-reteste desta avaliação, em um intervalo de uma semana e um mês entre as duas situações. O desempenho de 40 indivíduos foi analisado em relação à situação de teste e reteste, normalidade versus alteração e orelha testada. Verificou-se que os testes do PA, utilizados neste estudo, demonstraram sua confiabilidade por meio do teste-reteste
In order to verify the reliability of some Auditory Processing (AP) tests was carried out a test-retest study in a break of a week and a month between the two situations. The performance of 40 individuals was analyzed regarding the situation (test-retest), normality versus alteration and tested ear. It was confirmed that the AP tests used in this study indicated their reliability through the test-retest

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Jorge, Thelma Cerqueira. "Avalia??o do processamento auditivo em pr?-escolares". Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas, 2006. http://tede.bibliotecadigital.puc-campinas.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/152.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:27:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 THELMA.pdf: 270370 bytes, checksum: 9cd2a547727992e82456ccd2619f85fa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-03-06
The evaluation of the Auditory Processing is a profit in diagnosis of the communication human being and in the identification of children of risk for learning disabilities. The individuals with clutter of the Auditory Processing tend to present mannering manifestations occurring of isolated or associated form: verbal communication and writing, social behavior, pertaining to school performance and hearing. The research was carried through in a Educational Nucleus in a city of the S?o Paulo interior and the citizens had been 43 pertaining to school registered the First Series of Basic School, in 2006. The joined data had evidenced prop up generalities below of waited for the age and the school level, taking us it a reflection on the limits between the learning difficulties and a development of the language, or either, it concluded that the found alterations in that it says respect to the Auditory Processing of the children do not cause language alterations, but the inverse one is not true.
A avalia??o do Processamento Auditivo ? um ganho no diagn?stico dos dist?rbios da comunica??o humana e na identifica??o de crian?as de risco para dist?rbios de aprendizagem. Os indiv?duos com desordem do Processamento Auditivo tendem a apresentar manifesta??es comportamentais caracter?sticas ocorrendo de forma isolada ou associada quanto: comunica??o oral e escrita, comportamento social, desempenho escolar e audi??o. A pesquisa foi realizada em um N?cleo Educacional localizado numa cidade do interior paulista e os sujeitos foram 43 escolares matriculados na Primeira S?rie do Ensino Fundamental no ano letivo de 2006. Os dados encontrados evidenciaram escores gerais abaixo do esperado para a idade e escolaridade, levando-nos a uma reflex?o sobre os limites entre as dificuldades de aprendizagem e o desenvolvimento da linguagem, ou seja, concluiu-se que as altera??es encontradas no que diz respeito ao Processamento Auditivo das crian?as n?o ocasiona altera??es de linguagem, mas o inverso n?o ? verdadeiro.

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Gonzalez, Torrecilla Sandra. "Evaluation de la pression intracrânienne absolue par une technologie non invasive auditive". Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne‎ (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAS004/document.

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Il n'existe pas de méthode non invasive validée pour déterminer la valeur absolue de la pression intracrânienne (PIC). Le liquide céphalorachidien (LCS) et le liquide cochléaire sont reliés par l'aqueduc cochléaire. Le but de ce projet est d'utiliser l'absorbance de l'oreille, optimale lorsque les structures vibrantes sont en position de repos, de sorte que les étriers lorsque la pression à l'extérieur de l'oreille (dans le conduit auditif externe -P_cae ) contrarie la PIC par les osselets de l'oreille moyenne. Les sujets ont été testés dans différentes positions d'inclinaison du corps, ce qui augmente la PIC, à l'aide d'un tympanomètre à large bande. 78 oreilles (sujets témoins entre 20 et 30 ans) ont montré que l'absorbance est maximale à toutes les fréquences à P_cae = 0 mmH2O en position début, elle diminue de façon complexe à P_cae zéro, mais à nouveau identique l'absorbance maximale à P_cae = 13 mm H2O ± 7 en position allongée, et 23 mm H2O ± 14 en position Trendelenburg (-30°), en 68 oreilles sur 78. Les 10 oreilles restantes présentaient un dysfonctionnement anatomique. Un modèle physique a été établi à partir d'un modèle d'oreille électromécanique classique, qui reproduit le comportement observé en attribuant à la PIC la cause des changements d'absorbance et en prédisant la capacité du P_cae pour compenser les changements d'absorbance dus à la PIC. De plus, 3 patients traités par un test de perfusion ont été testés, ainsi que 2 patients traités par ponction lombaire. Ces patients ont montré l'effet de la pression positive et négative dans les courbes d'absorbance. La littérature permet d'établir une corrélation entre la PIC absolue (dans chaque position du corps) et l'absorbance, nous pouvons conclure qu'en raison de la géométrie de l'oreille moyenne, la relation d'équilibre entre les valeurs absolues est PIC = 15 x P_cae , où 15 est le rapport des surfaces entre la MT et la platine de l’étrier. Des sujets suivis par une mesure invasive de la PIC seront nécessaires pour la continuation de cette étude
There is no validated non-invasive method for determining the absolute value of intracranial pressure (ICP). Ear connect cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and cochlear fluid via cochlear aqueduct. The goal of this project is to use ear absorbance, optimal when the vibrating structures are in resting position, so the stapes when the pressure outside the ear (in the external ear canal -Peec) counteracts the ICP through the middle ear ossicles. Subjects are testing in different tilt body position, which increase ICP, using a tympanometer Wideband. 78 ears of control subjects between 20 and 30 years have shown that the absorbance is maximum at all frequencies at Peec = 0 mmH2O in standing posture, decreases in a complex way at zero Peec, but again identical to the maximum absorbance at Peec = 13 mm H2O ± 7 in supine, and 23 mm H2O ± 14 in Trendelenburg posture (-30 °), this in 68 ears out of 78. The remaining 10 ears had an anatomical dysfunction. A physical model was established from a classical electromechanical ear model, which reproduces the observed behavior by attributing to the ICP the cause of changes in absorbance and predicting the ability for Peec to offset the absorbance changes due to ICP. Furthermore, 3 patients treated with a perfusion test were tested as well as 2 patients treated by a lumbar puncture. These patients showed the effect of positives and negatives pressure in absorbance curves. Literature make possible a correlation between absolute ICP (in every tilt body position) and absorbance, we can conclude that due to the geometry of the middle ear, the equilibrium relationship between absolute values is ICP = 15 x Peec, where 15 is the ratio of the areas between the tympanic membrane and the stape plate. Subjects tested by invasive measurement of ICP will be required for the continuation of this study

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Silva, Denis Lessa da. "Estudo da orelha contralateral na otite média crônica : avaliação auditiva". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/67520.

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Uma das condições mais comuns responsável pela perda auditiva durante a infância é a Otite Média (OM). A OM ainda é considerada “questão de saúde pública” devido à sua alta prevalência e distribuição mundial. Há poucos estudos na literatura que relatam as alterações na orelha contralateral (OCL) em pacientes com otite média crônica (OMC). Para enfatizar esses conceitos e analisar com mais profundidade a prevalência de bilateralidade na OMC, há vários anos iniciamos uma linha de pesquisa, focalizando três cenários diferentes: a histopatologia (ROSITO, COSTA, SCHARCHEN, 2007); o padrão clínico e otoscópico (COSTA et al., 2008) e a fisiologia (função auditiva) no presente estudo. Objetivo: Avaliar a função auditiva da OCL em pacientes com OMC através do gap aéreo-ósseo. Comparar os dados audiométricos da OCL levando em conta se o paciente apresenta Otite Média Crônica não Colesteatomatosa (OMCNC) ou Otite Média Crônica Colesteatomatosa (OMCC) na orelha principal (OP). Métodos: Estudo transversal, comparativo e contemporâneo, com 1000 pacientes com diagnóstico de OMC submetidos a exame otorrinolaringológico, videotoscopia e audiometria tonal liminar (ATL). Resultados: A prevalência de gap aéreo-ósseo foi de aproximadamente 40%, tanto na amostra total e na análise estratifica por tipo de OM (na amostra geral houve 392 (39,2%) pacientes, no grupo com OMCNC houve 279 (40,8%), e no grupo com OMCC foram 113 (37,17%). Conclusões: Assim como os achados de estudos clínicos e histopatológicos, a prevalência de alterações audiológicas na OCL foi elevada, evidenciando o caráter bilateral na OMC.
Otitis media (OM) is one of the leading causes of hearing loss in childhood. Due to its high prevalence and worldwide distribution, OM is still regarded as a public health issue. Nevertheless, few studies have assessed involvement of the contralateral ear (CLE) in patients with chronic otitis media (COM). To demonstrate the bilateral nature of COM, we designed three distinct studies, which focused on histopathology and anatomy, clinical findings and physiology (both previously published), and, finally, auditory function. Objective: To measure auditory function in the CLE in a sample of COM patients by means of air-conduction thresholds, bone-conduction thresholds, and the air-bone gap, and to compare CLE audiometry findings in patients with non-cholesteatomatous (NC-COM) or cholesteatomatous chronic otitis media (CCOM). Methods: This was a cross-sectional, contemporary and comparative study of 1000 patients with a diagnosis of COM. Clinical ear examination, video otoscopy, and pure-tone audiometry (PTA) were performed. Results: The overall prevalence rate of air-bone gap was approximately 40%, both in the total sample and after stratification by type of OM (393 [39.2%] patients overall, 279 [40.3%] in the NC-COM group, 113 [37.17%] in the CCOM group). Conclusions: As did clinical and histopathology findings in previous studies, audiological evaluation revealed a substantial prevalence of CLE involvement, providing evidence of the bilateral nature of COM.

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Santos, Sandra de Lima Ribeiro dos [UNESP]. "Caracterização de desempenhos envolvidos na leitura e na escrita em crianças com deficiência auditiva". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97496.

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A Psicologia, mais precisamente, a Análise do Comportamento tem demonstrado preocupação em desenvolver tecnologias de ensino que possibilitem de maneira autônoma e eficiente a aprendizagem de sujeitos com ou sem necessidades especiais de ensino. As condições para aprendizagem dos conteúdos escolares por parte do aluno com deficiência auditiva têm se mostrado ineficientes. Assim, um estudo que, partindo de um modelo de análise e descrição de repertórios verbais (ler, escrever, ouvir e falar) que busque avaliar precisamente esses desempenhos em indivíduos com deficiência auditiva pode ser relevante. Este trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar envolvidos em leitura e em escrita em crianças com deficiência auditiva nas séries iniciais do ensino fundamental, visando detectar as potencialidades e necessidades desses alunos em relação à compreensão de palavras da Língua Portuguesa. Participaram deste estudo vinte crianças, com idades entre seis e 12 anos sendo 12 delas usuárias de implante coclear e oito usuários de AASI. O diagnóstico foi realizado pelo ProLeitR, um software de avaliação e de ensino de leitura composto por três tipos de tarefas: seleção, composição e vocalização. As tarefas de avaliação foram apresentadas em blocos constituídos de 15 a 18 tentativas que avaliaram diferentes relações envolvidas na leitura e na escrita. A avaliação foi realizada em três sessões com duração média de vinte minutos cada. As relações apresentadas foram: de identidade que envolvia as relações figura/figura (BB) e palavra impressa/palavra impressa (CC); de nomeação, composto por nomeação de figura (BD), palavra, sílaba ou vogal (CD); de ditado, composto por palavra ditada/letra manuscrita (AF) e palavra ditada/composição (AE); de cópia de palavra impressa por letra manuscrita (CF) e de palavra...
Psychology, more precisely, the Behavior Analysis has shown concern in developing learning technologies to enable autonomous and efficient way of learning subjects with or without special educational needs. The conditions for learning of the school curriculum by students with hearing loss have been shown to be inefficient. Thus, a study, based on a model of analysis and description of verbal repertoires (reading, writing, listening an speaking) that seeks to accurately assess performance in these individuals with hearing loss may be relevant. This study aimed to characterize the performances involved in reading and writing in children with hearing loss in the first grades of elementary school, aiming to detect the strengths and needs of these students in relation to the understanding of words of Portuguese. This study ioncluded twenty children aged between six and 12 years, 12 of them using cochlear implants and eight users of hearing aids. The diagnosis was made by ProgLeitR, a software evalution and teaching of reading consists of three types of tasks: selection, composition and vocalization. The assessment tasks were presented in blocks consisting of 15 to 18 trials that assessed different relationships involved in reading and writing. The evaluation was conducted in three sessions lasting and average of twenty minutes each. The relations were presented: identity involving relations figure/figure (BB) and the printed word/written word (CC); appointment, made bu nominations of the figure (BD), word, syllable or vowel (CD); dictation composed of words dictated/handwriting (AF) and dictated word/composition (AE) copy the printed word for handwriting (CF) and the printed word by composition (CE) and selection with dectated word/figure (AB), dictated word/written word (AC), figure/printed word (BC) and the... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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Alfradique, Cláudio Nascimento. "Atuação do tribunal de contas do estado do Rio de Janeiro: fatores que possibilitam a avaliação de políticas públicas". reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/15282.

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Este trabalho pretende descrever como o Tribunal de Contas do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, na perspectiva de uma organização que representa o povo, controlando as finanças públicas, e prestando atenção às crescentes demandas da sociedade poderá enfrentar os novos desafios institucionais em conseqüência de novas atribuições, cada vez mais sujeita as incertezas decorrentes da natureza íntima da Avaliação das Políticas Públicas, em desenvolvimento, em face da auditoria tradicional, que o caracteriza em geral
This work intends to explore how the Court of Auditors of the State of Rio de Janeiro – an organization which represents the people through the control of the Public Accounts and the attention to the demands of the society – will be able to deal with the institutional challenges that comes with the new attributions, and the felling of uncertainty that is intrinsically connected to the core of the Public Policy Evaluation, that is in development, face the traditional audit, which characterizes them in general.

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Santos, Sandra de Lima Ribeiro dos. "Caracterização de desempenhos envolvidos na leitura e na escrita em crianças com deficiência auditiva /". Bauru : [s.n.], 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97496.

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Orientador: Ana Claudia Moreira Almeida-Verdu
Coorientador: Maria Cecília Bevilácqua
Coorientador: Maria José Monteiro Benjamin Buffa
Banca: Adriane Lima Mortari Moret
Banca: Alessandra T. Bolsoni Silva
Resumo: A Psicologia, mais precisamente, a Análise do Comportamento tem demonstrado preocupação em desenvolver tecnologias de ensino que possibilitem de maneira autônoma e eficiente a aprendizagem de sujeitos com ou sem necessidades especiais de ensino. As condições para aprendizagem dos conteúdos escolares por parte do aluno com deficiência auditiva têm se mostrado ineficientes. Assim, um estudo que, partindo de um modelo de análise e descrição de repertórios verbais (ler, escrever, ouvir e falar) que busque avaliar precisamente esses desempenhos em indivíduos com deficiência auditiva pode ser relevante. Este trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar envolvidos em leitura e em escrita em crianças com deficiência auditiva nas séries iniciais do ensino fundamental, visando detectar as potencialidades e necessidades desses alunos em relação à compreensão de palavras da Língua Portuguesa. Participaram deste estudo vinte crianças, com idades entre seis e 12 anos sendo 12 delas usuárias de implante coclear e oito usuários de AASI. O diagnóstico foi realizado pelo ProLeitR, um software de avaliação e de ensino de leitura composto por três tipos de tarefas: seleção, composição e vocalização. As tarefas de avaliação foram apresentadas em blocos constituídos de 15 a 18 tentativas que avaliaram diferentes relações envolvidas na leitura e na escrita. A avaliação foi realizada em três sessões com duração média de vinte minutos cada. As relações apresentadas foram: de identidade que envolvia as relações figura/figura (BB) e palavra impressa/palavra impressa (CC); de nomeação, composto por nomeação de figura (BD), palavra, sílaba ou vogal (CD); de ditado, composto por palavra ditada/letra manuscrita (AF) e palavra ditada/composição (AE); de cópia de palavra impressa por letra manuscrita (CF) e de palavra... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Psychology, more precisely, the Behavior Analysis has shown concern in developing learning technologies to enable autonomous and efficient way of learning subjects with or without special educational needs. The conditions for learning of the school curriculum by students with hearing loss have been shown to be inefficient. Thus, a study, based on a model of analysis and description of verbal repertoires (reading, writing, listening an speaking) that seeks to accurately assess performance in these individuals with hearing loss may be relevant. This study aimed to characterize the performances involved in reading and writing in children with hearing loss in the first grades of elementary school, aiming to detect the strengths and needs of these students in relation to the understanding of words of Portuguese. This study ioncluded twenty children aged between six and 12 years, 12 of them using cochlear implants and eight users of hearing aids. The diagnosis was made by ProgLeitR, a software evalution and teaching of reading consists of three types of tasks: selection, composition and vocalization. The assessment tasks were presented in blocks consisting of 15 to 18 trials that assessed different relationships involved in reading and writing. The evaluation was conducted in three sessions lasting and average of twenty minutes each. The relations were presented: identity involving relations figure/figure (BB) and the printed word/written word (CC); appointment, made bu nominations of the figure (BD), word, syllable or vowel (CD); dictation composed of words dictated/handwriting (AF) and dictated word/composition (AE) copy the printed word for handwriting (CF) and the printed word by composition (CE) and selection with dectated word/figure (AB), dictated word/written word (AC), figure/printed word (BC) and the... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre

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Souffi, Samira. "Evaluation des capacités de discrimination et de la robustesse des réponses des neurones du système auditif en situation de dégradation acoustique". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS409.

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Ces travaux de recherche ont eu pour objectif d’évaluer les capacités de discrimination des réponses des neurones et leur robustesse dans le bruit à chaque étage du système auditif. Nous avons ainsi quantifié la capacité de discrimination neuronale entre quatre vocalisations cibles conspécifiques masquées par un bruit stationnaire depuis le noyau cochléaire jusqu’au cortex auditif secondaire chez le cobaye anesthésié. La discrimination des vocalisations cibles par les populations neuronales a été fortement diminuée par le bruit dans toutes les structures, mais les populations du colliculus inférieur et du thalamus ont montré de meilleures performances que les populations corticales. La comparaison avec les réponses neuronales obtenues avec les vocalisations vocodées (38, 20 ou 10 bandes de fréquences) a révélé que la réduction des capacités de discrimination neuronale était principalement due à l'atténuation des modulations d'amplitude lente (< 20 Hz). En outre, nous avons quantifié la robustesse des réponses neuronales grâce à une méthode de classification automatique réalisée sur l’ensemble des données obtenues en présence du bruit stationnaire et d’un autre bruit appelé chorus. Cela a mis en évidence cinq catégories de comportements neuronaux (des plus robustes aux plus sensibles) et leurs proportions respectives sur l’ensemble du système auditif ainsi qu’au sein de chaque structure auditive. Cette analyse a montré également qu’il existait des neurones robustes à tous les étages du système auditif, bien qu’une proportion plus importante soit retrouvée au niveau du colliculus inférieur et du thalamus. Par ailleurs, la proportion de neurones robustes est plus faible dans le bruit chorus ce qui laisse suggérer que ce dernier est plus pénalisant que le bruit stationnaire. Il est important de souligner qu’une proportion non négligeable de neurones sous-corticaux et corticaux changent de comportement d’un bruit à l’autre de sorte que le comportement de ces neurones dans un bruit particulier est peu prédictible. Ces résultats démontrent donc que la discrimination neuronale en situation de dégradation acoustique est principalement déterminée par l’altération des modulations lentes d'amplitude à la fois au niveau sous-cortical et cortical et suggèrent que les structures sous-corticales contribuent de façon importante à la perception robuste d’un signal cible dans le bruit
This research aimed at evaluating the discrimination abilities of neuronal responses and their robustness to noise at each stage of the auditory system, from the cochlear nucleus to the secondary auditory cortex. We quantified the neuronal discrimination performance between four conspecific vocalizations masked by a stationary noise in anesthetized guinea pig. Discrimination of target vocalizations by neuronal populations was significantly reduced by noise in all structures, but collicular and thalamic populations displayed better performance than cortical populations. The comparison with neuronal responses obtained with vocoded vocalizations (using 38, 20 or 10 frequency bands) revealed that the reduction in discrimination performance was mainly due to the attenuation of slow amplitude modulations (<20 Hz). In addition, we quantified the robustness of neuronal responses using an automatic classification method performed on the whole database obtained in presence of stationary noise and of another noise called “chorus” noise. This highlighted five categories of neural behavior (from robustness to sensitivity) and their respective proportions across the auditory system as well as within each auditory structure. This analysis demonstrated that robust neurons do exist at all stages of the auditory system, although a higher proportion was found in the inferior colliculus and thalamus. Moreover, the proportion of robust neurons is lower in the chorus noise, which suggests that the latter is more penalizing than the stationary noise. It is worth to point out that a significant proportion of subcortical and cortical neurons changed category from one background noise to another, so that the behavior of these neurons in a particular noise was unpredictable. These results provide clear evidence that neuronal discrimination in degraded acoustic conditions is mainly determined by alterations of slow amplitude modulations both at the subcortical and cortical level, and suggest that the subcortical structures significantly contribute to the robust perception of a target signal in noise

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Manicardi, Flora Taube. "Classificação da nasalidade de fala antes e depois de treinamento de profissionais sem experiência na avaliação da hipernasalidade /". Marília, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/192645.

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Orientador: Viviane Cristina de Castro Marino
Resumo: Introdução: A fala é um importante parâmetro indicativo do sucesso ou insucesso do tratamento cirúrgico da fissura labiopalatina, sendo a hipernasalidade o principal sintoma da disfunção velofaríngea. Sua identificação é feita pela avaliação perceptivo-auditiva, considerada padrão-ouro. Porém, esta avaliação é subjetiva e pode ser influenciada por fatores internos e/ou externos do avaliador. Estratégias como treinamento e/ou uso de amostras de referência são recomendadas, mas ainda não é claro sua influência na classificação da hipernasalidade por fonoaudiólogos sem experiência nesta classificação. Objetivo: Investigar a classificação da hipernasalidade de fala antes e depois de treinamento de profissionais sem experiência na avaliação da hipernasalidade de indivíduos com fissura labiopalatina. Método: Três fonoaudiólogas sem experiência analisaram inicialmente 24 amostras de fala de indivíduos com fissura labiopalatina (baseado em seus próprios critérios), usando escala de quatro pontos (1=ausência de hipernasalidade; 2=hipernasalidade leve; 3-hipernasalidade moderada; 4=hipernasalidade grave). Após uma semana, receberam treinamento perceptivo-auditivo e, na semana seguinte, retreinamento. As 24 amostras de classificação foram reapresentadas uma semana após retreinamento, seguindo os mesmos procedimentos realizados previamente (antes do treinamento perceptivo-auditivo). A análise descritiva dos dados foi feita pela porcentagem de acertos e os testes estatísticos de Wilcoxon,... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Introduction: Speech is an important parameter indicating success or failure of surgical treatment of cleft lip and palate, being hypernasality the main symptom of velopharyngeal dysfunction. Its identification is performed by the auditory-perceptual evaluation, considered gold standard. However, this evaluation is subjective and can be influenced by internal and/or external factors of the evaluator. Strategies as training and/or use of reference samples are recommended, but their influence on the classification of hypernasality by speech therapists without experience in this classification is not clear yet. Objective: To investigate the classification of speech hypernasality pre and post-training of professionals without experience in the hypernasality evaluation of individuals with cleft lip and palate. Method: Three speech therapists without experience initially analyzed 24 speech samples from individuals with cleft lip and palate (based on their own criteria), using a four-point scale (1=absent hypernasality; 2=mild hypernasality; 3=moderate hypernasality; 4=severe hypernasality). After one week, they received auditory-perceptual training and, next week, retraining. The 24 classification samples were presented again one week after retraining, following the same procedures performed previously (pre auditory-perceptual training). Data were analyzed descriptively (percentage of correct responses) and Wilcoxon, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Chi-square, V of Cramer and Kappa statistical... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre

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32

Piazentin-Penna, Sílvia Helena Alvarez. "Identificação auditiva em crianças de 3 a 12 meses de idade com fissura labiopalatina". Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/61/61131/tde-29022008-145842/.

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Objetivos: Verificar a ocorrência de emissões otoacústicas evocadas por estímulo transiente (EOAT) em crianças com fissura labiopalatina (FLP) e associar esses resultados com os da entrevista audiológica (EA), medidas de imitância acústica (IMIT), audiometria de observação comportamental (AOC) e audiometria de reforço visual (VRA). Local: Setor de Fonoaudiologia e de Genética Clínica - HRAC - USP. Participantes: 82 crianças com FLP não operada, de ambos os gêneros, idade entre 3 e 12 meses. Intervenções: EA, meatoscopia, AOC, VRA, IMIT, EOAT. Resultados: Os achados mostraram: presença de indicadores de risco, além da FLP, em 77% das crianças do grupo 1 (fissura transforame e pós-forame incisivo, N=48), 52% do grupo 2 (fissura pré-forame incisivo, N=29) e 40% do grupo 3 (fissura de palato submucosa, N=5); maior ocorrência de alteração na IMIT nas crianças com fissura transforame e pós-forame incisivo e a partir dos 6 meses de idade; AOC alterada em 50% das crianças do grupo 1 e 14% do grupo 2; maior ocorrência de alteração na VRA nas crianças do grupo 1, seguidas pelo grupo 2; ocorrência de EOAT em 1% das crianças do grupo 1, 55% do grupo 2 e 70% do grupo 3. Conclusões: verificamos maior ocorrência de EOAT nas crianças com fissura de palato submucosa e pré-forame incisivo; a associação entre os resultados da EOAT com os dos outros procedimentos, mostrou diferença estatisticamente significante na associação das EOAT com as IMIT das crianças de 3 a 6 meses de idade dos grupos 2 e 3 ; o uso das EOAT não mostrou ser um método adequado para a avaliação da audição de bebês com fissura de palato não operada.
Objectives: To determine the occurrence of transient evoked otoacoustic emissions evoked (TEOA) in infants with cleft lip (CL)and palate (P) and to correlate these results with those of the audiologic interview (AI), acoustic imitance (IMIT) measurements, behavioral observation audiometry (BOA), and visual reinforcement audiometry (VRA). Place: Sector of Speech Pathology and Audilogy and Clinical Genetics - HRAC - USP. Participants: 82 infants of both sexes with non-operated CLP aged 3 to 12 months. Interventions: AI, meatoscopy, BOA, VRA, IMIT, TEOA. Results: The findings showed the presence of risk indicators in addition to CLP in 77% of group 1 infants (CLP, N=48), 52% of infants of group 2 (CL, N=29 ) and 40% of children in group 3 (submucous cleft, N=5 ); a more frequent occurrence of altered IMIT in children with CLP and CP and starting at 6 months of age; altered BOA in 50% of group 1 children and 14% of group 2 children; a more frequent occurrence of altered VRA in group 1 children, followed by group 2; occurrence of EOAT in 1% of group 1 children, in 55% of group 2 children, and in 70% of group 3 children. Conclusions: we detected a more frequent occurrence of EOAT in children with submucous and CL. TEOA was significantly correlated with IMIT in children aged 3 to 6 months of groups 2 and 3; the use of TEOA did not prove to be an adequate method to assess the hearing of babies with non-operated CP.

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Marconato, Eduarda. "Correlação entre processamento auditivo temporal, duração das disfluências e gravidade da gagueira /". Marília, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/192367.

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Orientador: Cristiane Moço Canhetti de Oliveira
Resumo: Introdução: As inabilidades de cunho auditivo manifestam-se de diversas maneiras, e a qualidade do processamento da informação auditiva se constitui como um dos fatores que podem influenciar a gagueira. Assim, considerando-se as evidências científicas que sustentam a hipótese de que indivíduos que gaguejam apresentam conexões atípicas em regiões auditivas do hemisfério esquerdo, é possível presumir que as alterações do processamento temporal podem estar relacionadas a esse distúrbio. Objetivo: Comparar e correlacionar o desempenho do processamento temporal e o comportamento auditivo entre os subgrupos de escolares com gagueira. Método: Neste estudo, foram adotados alguns critérios para a seleção da amostra, dentre os quais se ressalta mínimo de 3% de disfluências típicas da gagueira; limiares audiométricos dentro dos padrões de normalidade; curva timpanométrica do tipo A; reflexos acústicos estapedianos contralaterais presentes e preferência manual direita. Após a aplicação dos critérios de elegibilidade, a casuística foi constituída por 26 crianças falantes nativas do Português Brasileiro, na faixa etária de sete a 11 anos e 11 meses, de ambos os sexos, divididas em dois grupos, sendo: Grupo Pesquisa 1 (GP1), composto por 13 escolares com gagueira leve, e Grupo Pesquisa 2 (GP2), composto por 13 escolares com gagueira grave. Os procedimentos metodológicos adotados foram: avaliação e confiabilidade da fluência, classificação da gravidade da gagueira (Stuttering Severity Instru... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Introduction: Auditory inabilities are manifested in several ways and the quality of auditory information processing is one of the factors that can influence stuttering. Thus, taking in consideration scientific evidence that supports the hypothesis that individuals who stutter have atypical connections in auditory regions of the left hemisphere, it is possible to assume that modifications in temporal processing may be related to this disorder. Objective: To compare and correlate temporal processing performance and auditory behavior among subgroups of students with stuttering. Method: This study adopted some criteria for population selection, among which is highlighted a minimum of 3% of stuttering-like disfluencies; hearing thresholds within the normal range; type A tympanometric curve; contralateral stapedius acoustic reflexes present and right manual preference. After applying the eligibility criteria, the sample consisted of 26 children who were native speakers of Brazilian Portuguese, aged 7 to 11 years and 11 months, both genders, divided into two groups: Research Group 1 (RG1), composed of 13 students with mild stuttering, and Research Group 2 (RG2), composed of 13 students with severe stuttering. Methodological procedures adopted were: fluency evaluation and reliability, stuttering severity classification (Stuttering Severity Instrument – SSI-3), application of the auditory behavior screening instrument (Scale of Auditory Behaviors – SAB), and behavioral evaluation of ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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34

Giovanni, Antoine. "Contribution à l'élaboration d'un protocole multiparamétrique d'évaluation objective des dysphonies". Aix-Marseille 2, 1998. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/1998AIX2668U.pdf.

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Tatopoulos, Alexis Cravoisy Aurélie. "Evaluation de la survenue de troubles visuels et auditifs chez les patients de réanimation Etude pilote /". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2008. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCDMED_T_2008_TATOPOULOS_ALEXIS.pdf.

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Roman, Stéphane. "Evaluation de la perception auditive du patient implanté cochléaire selon une double approche psychoacoustique et électrophysiologique". Aix-Marseille 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX20681.

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Peixoto, Marcus Valerius da Silva. "Análise da implantação da política nacional de atenção à saúde auditiva: um estudo de caso". Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação do Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, como requisito parcial para a obtenção do título de mestre em Saúde Comunitária, 2013. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/11562.

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As diretrizes da atenção à saúde auditiva no Brasil foram definidas apenas no ano de 2004 pela Política Nacional de Atenção à Saúde Auditiva (PNASA). Destaca-se nesta, a necessidade de se estruturar uma rede de serviços regionalizada e hierarquizada que estabelecesse uma linha de cuidados integrais no manejo das principais causas e reabilitação da deficiência auditiva. Diante das limitações no dimensionamento da problemática da atenção à saúde auditiva no país, visto a escassez de informações de alcance nacional e que proponham uma imagem-objetivo da PNASA, esse estudo tem como objetivo propor a Imagem-objetivo da Política Nacional de Atenção à Saúde Auditiva. Tratou-se de um estudo de modelização de uma intervenção que foi desenvolvido em duas etapas. A primeira analisou os documentos oficiais que instituíram a política, que subsidiou a construção de um modelo teórico lógico e uma matriz preliminar com níveis, dimensões, e critérios/padrões da PNASA, apontados como desejáveis para o processo de implementação da PNASA, os quais, na segunda etapa, foram validados por especialistas através da técnica de consenso ―Delphi‖. Para a análise, as respostas foram submetidas a um tratamento estatístico por meio do calculo de tendência central e de dispersão, bem como houve uma análise das sugestões dos especialistas. Foi obtido como resultado o consenso de um modelo lógico e uma matriz com 20 critérios/padrões da PNASA, com 11 dimensões e 3 níveis (gestão, organização e características de governo). O nível da gestão obteve 91%(10) dos seus critérios considerados como muito importantes, seguido dos níveis da organização e características de governo obtiveram 63%(5) considerados da mesma forma. Em relação ao grau de consenso, o nível das características de governo obteve 63%(5) dos seus critérios com alto grau de consenso, seguido do nível da gestão com 55%(6) e do nível da organização com 50%(4). Essa imagem-objetivo proposta poderá ser base para estudos de avaliação de implantação em todo o território nacional, como ferramenta de gestão.
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Silva, Aristóteles Lemos da. "Programa cheque-cidadão: avaliação e responsabilidade social do Tribunal de Contas do Estado do Rio de Janeiro". reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/8624.

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In the last decade, many basic transfer income programs have been implemented in Brazil, but the poverty levels have not decreased at the same rate as the resources invested in those programs. Lack of coordination among government, financial supporters, managers and executors of public policies are the major problems. The program 'cheque cidadão', due to the huge volume of resources spent and the participation of religious institutions in the selection and distribution of its benefits, was under an audit process, in September 2004, by the 'Tribunal de Contas do Estado do Rio de Janeiro' (TCE-RJ) government agency. The program was also object of an evaluation research by the 'Instituto de Estudo do Trabalho e Sociedade' (IETS), in May 2002, with the intention of to understand the managerial process and its impacts (effectiveness) on the focus population. The purpose of this study is to contextualize these two events in the paradigm of the New Public Management (NPM) with standards of efficiency, affectivity and effectiveness and equity, expecting to insert the TCERJ in the field of performance auditing - accountability of results – and favoring the evaluation of public policies performance as a form of contribution to correspond to the growing social demand for a government oriented toward results.
No Brasil, na última década, vários programas de transferência de renda foram implantados, mas os níveis de pobreza não têm diminuído na mesma proporção do aporte de recursos investidos nos programas. Verifica-se, especialmente, a falta de coordenação entre poderes governamentais, entre órgãos gestores, financiadores e executores de políticas públicas. O programa Cheque Cidadão, dado ao grande volume de recursos distribuídos e à participação de instituições religiosas na seleção e distribuição de benefícios, foi objeto de inspeção realizada pelo Tribunal de Contas do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (TCERJ), em Campos dos Goytacazes em setembro de 2004. No ano de 2002, foi tema de pesquisa realizada pelo Instituto de Estudo do Trabalho e Sociedade (IETS), que visava conhecer o programa em seus processos e impacto junto ao público beneficiário. Este trabalho visa à contextualização destes dois eventos nos paradigmas da Nova Gestão Pública (NGP) com indicadores de desempenho de eficiência, eficácia, efetividade e eqüidade, esperando inserir o TCE-RJ no campo das Auditorias Operacionais, e favorecendo a avaliação de políticas públicas como uma forma de contribuição para corresponder à crescente demanda social por um governo orientado para resultados.

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Abate, Tania Pietzschke. "Instrumentos de Avaliação Pós-Ocupação (APO) adaptados a pré-escolares com deficiência física, Auditiva e visual". Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16132/tde-27012012-094114/.

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Este estudo objetiva o desenvolvimento de instrumentos de Avaliação Pós-Ocupação (APO) destinados a alunos com deficiência física, auditiva e visual. Tem-se como meta a elaboração de referencial teórico e prático para futuros trabalhos relacionados a APO em escolas que considerem a inclusão da opinião dos alunos com deficiência e visa à melhoria qualitativa das condições de uso e o consequente favorecimento da inclusão dos mesmos. A avaliação da acessibilidade, conforto ambiental, segurança patrimonial e contra incêndios, dentre outras formas de avaliação, em ambientes escolares, tem adotado, no meio acadêmico, a APO como uma das metodologias. A APO consiste na aplicação de um conjunto de métodos e técnicas no ambiente construído e nos seus usuários e objetiva aferir o desempenho físico e a satisfação dos usuários em relação ao ambiente (ORNSTEIN; BRUNA; ROMÉRO, 1995). Alinhados com os objetivos do grupo de pesquisa Qualidade e Desempenho no Ambiente Construído, da Faculdade de Arquitetura e Urbanismo da Universidade de São Paulo (FAUUSP), se apresentam os resultados da elaboração e da aplicação dos instrumentos de coleta de dados: entrevista lúdica e questionário, adaptados aos alunos de pré-escola com deficiência física, auditiva e visual utilizando como base os resultados dos instrumentos aplicados na direção e nos docentes (entrevistas), bem como na observação dos alunos em três escolas especiais3 localizadas na cidade de São Paulo. A pesquisa de campo foi realizada em duas etapas, nos períodos entre agosto e dezembro de 2009 (pré-teste) e de 2010 (validação). A primeira etapa da pesquisa de campo teve como meta a verificação prática da metodologia proposta, incluindo a receptividade e a participação dos alunos envolvidos e a prospecção de erros visando à melhoria dos instrumentos para a nova aplicação realizada em 2010, que teve como meta a validação dos mesmos, bem como a comprovação das premissas levantadas. Adotou-se como estratégia de pesquisa o estudo de casos múltiplos incorporados (YIN, 2005), que se baseia em várias fontes de evidências e beneficia-se do desenvolvimento prévio de proposições teóricas para conduzir a coleta e a análise de dados, sendo que cada escola é o objeto de um estudo de caso individual. Este trabalho apresenta caráter qualitativo e multidisciplinar e fundamenta-se nos pressupostos teóricos da arquitetura e da APO, da educação; da pedagogia; da medicina; da sociologia e da psicologia ambiental, dentre outras áreas. Constatou-se que as limitações decorrentes de cada deficiência determinam as especificidades na adaptação e no processo de aplicação dos instrumentos para coleta de dados visando à medição da satisfação destes usuários em relação ao ambiente da pré-escola. 3 A escola especial ou escola de educação especial oferece atendimento especializado, separado da rede regular de ensino, somente para os alunos com deficiência, sempre que, em função das condições específicas dos alunos, não for possível a sua integração nas classes comuns de ensino regular. Cada escola especial é especializada em uma deficiência específica e a sua associação com outras deficiências, limitações, condições ou disfunções. 4 O termo usual é pessoa com deficiência. Os termos constantes nas palavras-chave foram extraídos do Vocabulário Controlado do Sistema Integrado de Bibliotecas - SIBI (UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO, 2006).
This study aims at developing Post-Occupational Evaluation tools (POE) for students with physical, hearing, and visual disabilities. The objective consists of elaborating theoretical and practical references for future studies related to POE in schools that consider the opinion of students with disabilities and aim at qualitative conditions of use and inclusion. POE has been adopted as a method to assess accessibility, environmental comfort, asset security and fire safety, among other types of evaluation, in school environments. POE consists of applying a range of methods and techniques in the built environment in order to assess the users\" satisfaction in relation to it (ORNSTEIN; BRUNA; ROMÉRO; 1995). The results of data designing and application are aligned with the aims of the Quality and Performance in the Built Environment research group, of the Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism of the University of São Paulo (FAUUSP): playful interview and questionnaire adapted to pre-school children with physical, hearing and visual disabilities based on results of tools applied in the head and teachers (interviews) as well as on the observation of students in three special schools5 located in the city of São Paulo. The field research was conducted in two phases: between August and December of 2009 (pre-testing) and of 2010 (validation). The first phase of the field research focused on the practical evaluation of the chosen method, including reception and participation of students involved and prediction of mistakes to improve tools for the new application, which occurred in 2010, in order to validate them, as well as to confirm the stated premises. The study of multiple incorporated cases has been adopted (YIN, 2005), which is based on various sources of evidence and benefits from previous development of theoretical propositions to perform data collection and analysis, being each school the object of an individual case study. This research presents qualitative and multidisciplinary approach and is based on theoretical presuppositions of architecture and POE; education; pedagogy; medicine; sociology and environmental psychology, among other areas. It has been observed that the limitations associated to each disability determine specificities in the adaptation and application of data collection instruments to assess the satisfaction of subjects in relation to pre-school environment. 5 A special school or a school for special education offers specialized education outside the regular school system, exclusively for disabled students who, due to their specific needs, cannot be integrated in regular classes. Each special school is skilled in one type of disability and its association with other deficiencies, limitations, conditions, or disorders. 6 The usual term is person with disability. The words chosen as keywords are based on the Controlled Vocabulary of the Integrated System of Libraries - SIBI (UNIVERSITY OF SÃO PAULO, 2006)

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Zancanella, Maysa Tibério Ubrig. "Análise da voz de deficientes auditivos pré e pós uso de implante coclear". Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5143/tde-11052010-142455/.

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OBJETIVO: Verificar se ocorrem modificações nos parâmetros vocais (perceptivos e acústicos) em adultos com deficiência auditiva pós-lingual, após o uso de implante coclear (IC), sem reabilitação vocal específica. MÉTODO: Participaram 40 indivíduos com deficiência auditiva pós-lingual, seqüencialmente implantados no período de abril de 2006 a abril de 2009, composto por 20 adultos do gênero masculino e 20 do feminino (grupo estudo). Os pacientes apresentavam idades de 23 a 60 anos, perda auditiva sensorioneural de severa a profunda bilateral, uso de linguagem oral para comunicação, alfabetizados, exame laringológico normal e limiares auditivos com IC, em campo livre melhores que 40 dBHL, para todas as freqüências de fala. Foi realizada gravação da voz antes e após 6 a 9 meses de uso do IC. No intuito de evitar que mudanças nas características vocais fossem atribuídas a gravações das vozes em dias e momentos diferentes, optou-se pela formação de um grupo controle. O grupo controle foi formado por 12 indivíduos adultos deficientes auditivos pós-linguais, sendo 6 do gênero masculino e 6 do gênero feminino, que não receberam o IC. Para as sessões de gravações da voz utilizamos leitura das frases do protocolo CAPE-V, leitura de texto e emissão da vogal sustentada /a/. Foi realizada avaliação perceptivo-auditiva das vozes por 3 juízes e análise acústica por meio do programa PRAAT. RESULTADOS: Observou-se no grupo estudo redução estatisticamente significante no grau geral da voz, tensão, loudness, instabilidade vocal, valores de frequência fundamental (F0) do sexo masculino e de sua variabilidade em ambos os sexos, ao compararmos as vozes pré e pós IC. O grupo controle não apresentou modificações estatisticamente significantes na maioria dos parâmetros vocais estudados, com exceção do pitch e F0 no sexo feminino. Ao compararmos a variação de resultados do grupo estudo e controle não foi possível comprovar estatisticamente que os indivíduos com IC se diferenciaram dos indivíduos sem o uso do dispositivo, com exceção dos valores de variabilidade da F0 no sexo masculino. CONCLUSÃO: Os implantados apresentaram discretas modificações no grau geral da voz, tensão, loudness e instabilidade, assim como reduções nos valores de F0 e sua variabilidade.
OBJECTIVE: To ascertain whether cochlear implantation (CI), without specific vocal rehabilitation, is associated with changes in perceptual and acoustic vocal parameters in adults with severe to profound postlingual deafness. METHODS: The study group comprised 40 postlingually deaf adults (twenty males and twenty females), between 23 and 60 years of age, with severe-to-profound and/or profound bilateral sensorineural hearing loss, who: made use of oral communication; had a literacy level adequate for collection of speech samples; a normal laryngeal examination; and post-CI auditory thresholds of 40 dBHL or better for all speech frequencies on sound field audiometry. Patients with laryngeal or lip/palate abnormalities, a history of laryngeal surgery or prior tracheotomy were excluded. Participants voices were recorded prior to CI and 6 and 9 months post-CI. In order to check for chance modifications between two evaluations, a control group of 12 postlingually deaf adults, 6 male and 6 female, without CI was also evaluated. All sessions comprised the recording of read sentences from CAPE-V, text and sustained vowel /a/. Perceptual evaluation of voice and acoustic analysis were then conducted. RESULTS: We found a statistically significant reduction in overall severity, strain, loudness, instability, vocal fundamental frequency (F0) values (in male participants) and F0 variability (in both genders). The control group showed no statistically significant changes in most vocal parameters assessed, apart from pitch and F0 (in female participants only). Upon comparing the variation of results between the study and control groups, we found no statistically significant difference in vocal parameters between CI recipients and non-recipients, with the exception of F0 variability in male participants. CONCLUSIONS: Implant recipients showed modest changes in overall severity, strain, loudness and instability, as well as reductions in F0 and F0 variability.

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Roque, Lívia Mayra Rodrigues [UNESP]. "Identificação de contrastes vocálicos do Português Brasileiro". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/138052.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Objetivo: comparar a acurácia perceptivo-auditiva entre grupos de crianças de diferentes faixas etárias; investigar a existência de uma possível correlação entre a acurácia e a idade das crianças; analisar quais o possível padrão de erro realizado pelas crianças. Métodos: Com base no software Perception Evaluation Auditive & Visuelle (PERCEVAL), avaliou-se o desempenho perceptivo-auditivo de 242 crianças, de 4 a 10 anos de idade (divididas em 4 grupos: GI, GII, GIII e GIV), em uma tarefa de identificação das vogais tônicas do Português Brasileiro. Foram-lhes apresentados estímulos acústico e visual, solicitando-se à criança a escolha de uma gravura correspondente a uma palavra apresentada auditivamente, dentre duas possibilidades de imagens dispostas na tela de um computador. O tempo de apresentação dos estímulos e de reação das crianças foi computado, automaticamente, pelo software. Resultados: o GI apresentou desempenho perceptivo-auditivo inferior quando comparado à acurácia dos grupos de crianças mais velhas (GII, GIII e GIV). Quanto ao tempo de reação, o GI necessitou de mais tempo na tomada de decisão comparativamente aos demais grupos, tanto para acertos quanto para erros. Quanto ao padrão de erro, as regiões mais prejudicadas do espaço vocálico envolviam as vogais médias (altura) e vogais anteriores (direção anteroposterior). Quanto ao sentido dos erros, encontrou-se prevalência deles no sentido menos periférico para o mais periférico. A análise da correlação entre idade e acurácia mostrou-se positiva por parte de todos os grupos. Conclusão: a habilidade perceptivo-auditiva (identificação de contrastes vocálicos) ocorre de forma gradativa e se estabiliza com o aumento da idade.
Objective: Compare the perceptual accuracy between groups of children of different age groups, specifically with regard to the identification of vowel contrasts; investigate the existence of a possible correlation between the accuracy and age of children; analyze the standard of mistakes made by children according to age. Methods: The hearing-perceptual performance of 242 children, between 4 and 10 years old (divided in 4 groups: GI, GII, GIII and GIV) was evaluated with the use of a software named Perception Evaluation Auditive & Visuelle (PERCEVAL), in a task of stressed vowels identification in Brazilian Portuguese. Acoustic and visual stimuli were presented, asking a child to choose the corresponding picture according to the word listened, between two possibilities of images shown on a computer screen. The presentation time of the stimuli and the children’s reaction were calculated, automatically, by the software. Results: The GI presented auditory perception underperformed when compared the accuracy of older groups of children (GII, GIII and GIV). As for the reaction time, the GI required more time in decision-making compared to the other groups, for both the mistakes and successes. As for the standard of mistakes, the most affected regions of the vowel space involved the medium vowels (height) and front vowels (forward/backward direction). The analyzing the mistakes direction within the vocalic space, there was a prevalence of mistakes in the less peripheral direction to the more peripheral one. The analysis of the correlation between age and accuracy was positive by all groups. Conclusion: The hearing-perceptual ability (identification vowel contrasts) occur gradually and stabilizes with increasing age.

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Guilbert, Alma. "Evaluation et prise en charge du syndrome de négligence spatiale unilatérale : apports de la modalité auditive et de la musique". Thesis, Lille 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL30033/document.

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L'objectif de cette thèse était d'étudier la modalité auditive dans le syndrome de négligence spatiale unilatérale (NSU) que ce soit dans l'évaluation ou dans la prise en charge. Notre première hypothèse défendue était que, bien que la NSU touche aussi la modalité auditive, des différences dues aux spécificités de chaque modalité existent entre les symptômes auditifs et visuels de ce syndrome neuropsychologique. En conséquence, notre seconde hypothèse était que les spécificités propres à la modalité auditive pourraient permettre de pallier les déficits attentionnels rencontrés en modalité visuelle et, donc, faire de cette modalité un support efficace pour la rééducation. Concernant l'évaluation des symptômes auditifs, les mécanismes d'orientation de l'attention en modalité auditive ainsi que la latéralisation de sons ont été explorés chez des patients atteints de NSU. Ces études ont souligné des difficultés dans les deux domaines dans la NSU. Concernant la réhabilitation, la place de l'audition, et plus particulièrement de la musique, dans les rééducations proposées aux patients atteints de NSU a été explorée. Enfin, un programme de rééducation basé sur la pratique musicale a été créé et testé auprès d'une patiente atteinte de NSU chronique. Celui-ci a montré des bénéfices à long-terme sur les signes visuels de la NSU mais également dans la vie quotidienne. Les résultats de ces études vont dans le sens des hypothèses et soulignent l'importance de prendre en compte la modalité auditive dans la pratique clinique que ce soit lors de l'évaluation du syndrome de NSU ou lors de sa réhabilitation
The aim of this thesis was to focus on hearing in the evaluation and the rehabilitation of unilateral spatial neglect (USN) syndrome. USN not only affects the visual, but also the auditory modality. The first hypothesis of this thesis was that, due to the specificities of each modality, differences exist between the auditory and visual symptoms of USN. Consequently, the second hypothesis was that the specificities of the auditory modality could permit to compensate the attentional deficits that occur in the visual modality and, thus, make this modality an efficient tool for the rehabilitation. Concerning the evaluation of the auditory symptoms, orienting attention mechanisms in the auditory modality as well as sound lateralisation were explored with patients with USN. These studies showed patients with USN to have difficulties in both. Concerning the rehabilitation, the place of hearing, and in particular of music, in the re-educations in patients with USN was explored. Finally, a program based on music practice was developed and tested with a patient with a chronic USN. This patient showed long-term benefits on USN visual signs and also on daily activities. The results of these studies are consistent with the hypotheses and underline the importance of considering hearing in clinical practice either for the USN evaluation or for its rehabilitation

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Trollé, Arnaud. "Evaluation auditive de sons rayonnés par une plaque vibrante à l'intérieur d'une cavité amortie : ajustement des efforts de calcul vibro-acoustique". Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00881029.

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Les travaux ont traité de l'ajustement des efforts de calcul vibro-acoustique dans le cadre d'une étude de qualité sonore sur un système vibro-acoustique dès le stade de la conception. Cette recherche d'ajustement a été appliquée au système vibro-acoustique constitué d'une plaque vibrante couplée à une cavité amortie. Pour un calcul fréquentiel, un premier pas dans ce sens demandait à ajuster deux paramètres de simulation importants : la fréquence maximale de calcul, puis le pas fréquentiel de calcul. En termes de contraintes perceptives, il a été cherché pour ces paramètres une valeur ajustée permettant de conserver les tendances qualitatives originellement établies à partir d'une évaluation auditive portant sur les sons réels rayonnés par la plaque dans la cavité. Les sons réels ont été collectés via l'expérimentation sur un banc d'essai constitué d'une plaque en acier couplée à une cavité parallélépipédique ; ces sons correspondaient au son rayonné par la plaque vibrante à l'intérieur de la cavité, enregistré dans diverses configurations structurales du système. Ces configurations impliquaient différentes combinaisons des modalités prises par les 3 paramètres structuraux variables retenus : l'épaisseur de la plaque, les conditions de serrage de la plaque et les propriétés en absorption de la cavité. Les sons enregistrés ont ensuite été soumis par paires à un jury d'auditeurs auxquels il était demandé d'évaluer leur dissimilarité et de donner un jugement de préférence. A partir de l'analyse des informations recueillies, des tendances qualitatives de référence ont été établies, en termes d'espace perceptif de dissimilarité, d'espace perceptif de préférence et de classement de préférence. Dès lors, en travaillant à partir des sons enregistrés, le processus d'ajustement a consisté, i) à déterminer, à partir d'un filtrage passe-bas appliqué aux sons, la fréquence de coupure ajustée qui permettait de préserver les tendances qualitatives de référence, ii) à rechercher le pas fréquentiel ajusté, à imposer aux spectres des sons avant synthèse, qui permettait de maintenir les tendances qualitatives précédemment établies.

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Martinelli, Angela Patricia Menezes Cardoso. "Avaliação da audição na Síndrome de Stickler e associação com fatores de risco de perda auditiva na infância". Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/61/61131/tde-25102006-154801/.

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A perda auditiva é uma característica importante da Síndrome de Stickler. Na literatura, poucos trabalhos têm caracterizado essa perda, e não há estudos do efeito de outros fatores de risco sobre a audição no Stickler. Realizou-se este trabalho com a finalidade de verificar o fenótipo clínico e audiológico de um grupo de 26 crianças, com idade média de cinco anos e sete meses, afetadas pela SS, no Hospital de Reabilitação de Anomalias Craniofaciais. Após análise dos dados dos exames clínico e audiológico, concluiu-se que 80,76% (IC 95%, 60, 65 93, 44) das crianças apresentaram perda auditiva, sendo 34,61% (IC 95%, 17, 21 55, 66), de perda sensorioneural associada à SS, tipicamente para altas freqüências; 11,53% (IC 95%, 2, 44 30, 15) de perda mista, e 34,61% (IC 95%, 17, 21 55, 66) de perda auditiva condutiva, que é comum nas crianças com SS, devido à presença da fissura de palato e outras anomalias craniofaciais, levando a uma disfunção da orelha média com o comprometimento da sensibilidade auditiva. O grau de perda auditiva variou de leve a grave. A análise estatística pelo teste de Fisher (p<0,05) não revelou qualquer efeito significativo da exposição das crianças a outros fatores de risco de perda auditiva sobre a perda sensorioneural, mostrando ser este tipo de perda auditiva característica da SS. Na impossibilidade da realização do exame genético molecular, o fenótipo clínico, associado à avaliação audiológica, pode sugerir o diagnóstico do tipo da SS.
Hearing loss is an important characteristic of the Sticklers Syndrome. In literature, few studies have defined the characterization of this loss, and there are no studies about the effect of other risk factors of hearing in Sticker. This present work has been made with the purpose of verifying the clinical and audiological phenotype of a group of 26 children with average age of 5 years and 7 months, affected by SS, at the Hospital de Reabilitação de Anomalias Craniofaciais. After analyzing the data of the clinical and audiological exams, we concluded that 80.76% (IC 95%, 60,65 93,44) of the children have presented hearing loss, being 34.61% (IC 95%, 17,21 55,66) of sensorial neural loss, associated with SS, typically for high frequencies; 11.53% (IC 95%, 2,44 30,15) of mixed loss; and 34.61% (IC 95%, 17,21 55,66) of conductive hearing loss, which is common in children with SS, due to the presence of cleft palate and other craniofacial anomalies, leading to a disfunction of the mid ear, with harming of hearing sensibility. The degree of hearing loss has varied from mild to severe. The statistical analysis through Fishers test (p<0.05) didnt reveal any significant effect of the exposition of children to other risk factors of hearing loss to the sensorial neural loss of SS. Due to the impossibility of the realization of the molecular genetic exam, the clinical phenotype, associated with the audiological evaluation, may suggest the diagnosis of the kind of SS.

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45

CÃmara, MarÃlia Fontenele e. Silva. "Estudo da audiÃÃo de recÃm-nascidos de alto risco em maternidade de referÃncia de Fortaleza - CearÃ". Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 1997. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=10476.

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Trata-se de um estudo de seguimento, que reporta a prevalÃncia de perda auditiva em recÃm-nascidos de alto risco, realizado na Maternidade Escola Assis Chateaubriand, no perÃodo de janeiro de 1993 a junho de 1995. Foram incluÃdos na amostra 600 recÃm-nascidos de baixo peso, com um ou mais fatores de risco para perda auditiva. A distribuiÃÃo, de acordo com variÃveis sÃcio-demogrÃficas, revela alta proporÃÃo de mÃes jovens e com baixo nÃvel de escolaridade. Em relaÃÃo Ã histÃria familiar, registraram-se 43 casos de histÃria de deficiÃncia auditiva na famÃlia. Quanto Ãs caracterÃsticas gestacionais, 33,5% dos casos pesquisados eram recÃm-nascidos de primigestas. No que se refere a doenÃas e/ou intercorrÃncias gravÃdicas, foram detectados 13 (2,2%) casos de rubÃola. Em relaÃÃo a caracterÃsticas do parto e nascimento, 73,3.% dos casos eram prÃ-termo, com mÃdia de 34 semanas gestacionais. Com relaÃÃo Ãs caracterÃsticas de saÃde e morbidade durante o internamento, foram administrados antibiÃticos aminoglicosÃdeos a 360 crianÃas (60,0%); a hiperbilirrubinemia acometeu 257 crianÃas (42,8%), a anoxia severa esteve presente em 158 casos (263%), infecÃÃes congÃnitas perinatais foram registradas em 25 (4,2%) casos e meningite bacteriana em 7 (1,2%) casos. A avaliaÃÃo da audiÃÃo atravÃs do âScreening Instrumentalâ e imitanciometria, foi realizada em 403 crianÃas. Cento e noventa e sete (32,8%), ficaram sem diagnÃstico, pois abandonaram o acompanhamento. O restante, trezentas e sessenta e cinco crianÃas apresentaram audiÃÃo normal, 20 (5,0%) perda auditiva neurossensorial e 18 (4,5%) perda auditiva condutiva.
This study reports on the prevalence of hearing loss among 600 lowbirthweigth infants born between January 1993 and December 1994 in major obstetric hospital (Maternidade Escola Assis Chateaubriand) in Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil. Neonates were recruited soon after birth and followed up to the age of six month. The majority of infantsâ mothers were young and had low level of education. About 7,2% of mothers had family history of hearing loss and 33,5% were first time pregnant. Thirteen percent of women did not attend antenatal consultations and 19,7% reported illnesses or complication during pregnancy including rubeola (2,2%). Most of newborns (73,3%) were premature and during the hospital stay, 60,0% were exposed to ototoxic drugs, 42,8% presented with hyperbilirubinemia, 26,3% had severe hypoxia and 1,2% were diagnosed bacterial meningitis. Screening and imitanciomatry tests were carried out in 403 children and 20 (5,0%) cases of sensorineural hearing loss and 18 (4,5%) cases of conductive hearing loss were identified.

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Murashima, Adriana de Andrade Batista. "Caracterização funcional, eletrofisiológica e microanatômica coclear de animais com sensibilidade audiogênica da cepa Wistar Audiogenic Rats (WAR)". Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17150/tde-01102013-132727/.

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Os animais com sensibilidade audiogênica, Wistar Audiogenic Rats (WAR) são modelos experimentais utilizados em pesquisas sobre audição, integração sensório-motora e epilepsias, entre elas as crises audiogênicas. O modelo de estimulação sonora repetida conhecido como kindling ou abrasamento audiogênico mimetiza um tipo de epilepsia parcial com envolvimento de estruturas límbicas. É também um modelo genético de grande importância para o estudo das epilepsias porque retrata crises em animais com seleção genética controlada. O objetivo desse estudo foi investigar as alterações morfológicas e funcionais em células ciliadas internas e externas da orelha interna em animais da cepa WAR submetidos ao abrasamento audiogênico comparando-os com animais controle. Foram utilizados 40 animais com idade de 80 a 120 dias. Os animais selecionados foram divididos em quatro grupos de estudo. Foram utilizados os animais que apresentaram função coclear normal, avaliada através do reflexo de Preyer, emissões otoacústicas por produtos de distorção (EOAPD) e limiar eletrofisiológico medido pelos potenciais evocados auditivos de tronco encefálico (PEATE). A avaliação funcional foi realizada antes do primeiro estímulo acústico e imediatamente após o último estímulo acústico. Em seguida foi realizada perfusão intracardíaca, os animais tiveram suas bulas removidas e as cócleas processadas para microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Em relação às EOAPD, os animais do grupo WAR-kindling apresentaram diferença significativa na relação sinal-ruído, sendo que animais WAR pré-kindling possuem valores significativamente superiores aos do pós-kindling. Em relação ao PEATE houve uma diferença significativa, o grupo WAR-kindling apresentou limiares com valores significativamente superiores aos do grupo Wistar kindling. Por microscopia eletrônica de varredura nos animais da cepa WAR observou-se uma estrutura irregular nos feixes de estereocílios das células ciliadas internas (CCI) e células ciliadas externas (CCE). Os exames para avaliação auditiva funcional (EOAPD), eletrofisiológica (PEATE) associados à microscopia eletrônica de varredura permitiram caracterizar as alterações morfológicas e funcionais em CCI e CCE da orelha interna em animais com sensibilidade audiogênica da cepa WAR como potenciais sequelas do abrasamento audiogênico. Os presentes dados confirmam a hipótese de que o abrasamento audiogênico na cepa WAR provoca impacto funcional e morfológico da orelha interna.
Animals of the Wistar Audiogenic Rat (WAR) strain are used as experimental models in research of auditory function, sensorimotor integration and epilepsy studies, including audiogenic seizures. The model of repeated acoustic stimulation mimics temporal lobe partial epilepsy with involvement of limbic structures and is of great importance to the study of epilepsy because it portrays a genetically selected strain. The objective of this study was to investigate the morphological and functional changes in inner and outer hair cells of the inner ear in the WAR strain after exposure to repeated acoustic stimulation and compared to control animals. 40 animals from 80 to 120 days old were included. The animals were divided into four groups of study. The animals used were those with normal cochlear function, evaluated through the Preyer Reflex, otoacoustic emissions by distortion product (DPOAE) and electrophysiological threshold measured by brainstem auditory evoked potentials (ABR). The functional assessment was performed before the first acoustic stimulus and immediately after the last acoustic stimulus. Then was performed intracardiac perfusion, the animals had their bullae removed and cochleas were processed for scanning electron microscopy. In relation to the DPOAE, the animals of the group WAR-kindling showed a significant difference in the signal-to-noise ratio, with WAR pre-kindling animals having values significantly higher than those of the post-kindling group. In relation to ABR there was a significant difference, the WAR-kindling group presented values significantly higher than those in the Wistar kindling group. By scanning electron microscopy in WAR they were observed irregular structural bundles of stereocilia of Outer Hair Cells (OHC) and Inner Hair Cells (IHC). The tests for assessing auditory function by means of DPOAE and electrophysiology (ABR) associated with the scanning electron microscopy allowed to characterize the morphological and functional changes in internal and external hair cells of the inner ear in animals with acoustic stimulation in WAR after audiogenic kindling. The present data confirm the hypothesis that kindling in WAR causes functional impact and morphological alterations in the inner ear.

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Reis, Roberta Alvarenga. "Módulo específico de avaliação da qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde para crianças e adolescentes que vivem com deficiência auditiva - ViDA". Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/22/22133/tde-19022009-140912/.

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A mensuração da Qualidade de Vida Relacionada à Saúde (QVRS) de crianças e adolescentes que vivem com deficiência auditiva (DA) possibilita a avaliação do impacto dessa condição crônica em suas vidas, assim como dos benefícios decorrentes de intervenções terapêuticas e de resultados em serviços, que podem influenciar o processo de tomada de decisão para a definição de políticas, procedimentos clínicos e condutas terapêuticas e organizacionais das equipes de saúde. O processo de construção de um instrumento de mensuração de construtos subjetivos é longo e complexo. Torna-se ainda mais difícil se considerarmos as dificuldades de acesso à população envolvida e as limitações da comunicação por eles vivenciadas em decorrência da DA. Este trabalho, de abordagem mista (desenvolvimento simultâneo e seqüencial), descreve percurso metodológico para a definição das etapas iniciais para a construção de um instrumento para essa população, a partir de adaptação da metodologia descrita pelos projetos europeus DISABKIDS e KIDSCREEN. Assim, numa parceira entre Brasil e Alemanha, foram identificados aspectos relevantes da QVRS de crianças e adolescentes brasileiros e alemães com DA de grau leve a severo e usuários de prótese auditiva, segundo sua própria percepção bem como a percepção de seus pais ou cuidadores, tendo como estratégia central a técnica de realização de grupos focais. A partir dos aspectos relevantes foi possível a elaboração de itens para construção de um instrumento, por ora denominado Viver com Deficiência Auditiva - ViDA, que foram submetidos a um processo de validação de aparência, conteúdo e semântica, visando as etapas de redução dos itens, no total de 57 no momento. Este processo envolveu especialistas da área da saúde e educação com experiência no trabalho com crianças e adolescentes com deficiência auditiva ou com a metodologia de construção de instrumentos, bem como as próprias crianças, adolescentes e seus pais. Uma primeira sugestão de redução de itens foi realizada seguindo Análise Clinimétrica. Os resultados apontam que os itens do ViDA foram considerados importantes pelos especialistas, refletem o construto em questão, e, em geral, são bem compreendidos, pelas crianças e adolescentes com bom desenvolvimento de linguagem. Requerem, entretanto, ainda ajustes para a auto-aplicação e maior refinamento dos itens para se adequar à realidade brasileira. Após, deverá ser re-submetido aos especialistas, submetido a processo piloto, estudo de campo e verificação das propriedades psicométricas, quando poderá ser disponibilizado para uso. Os conceitos e domínios utilizados na elaboração do ViDA poderão auxiliar na elaboração e planejamento de ações, a fim de que contemplem, de fato, as necessidades evidenciadas por essa população. Desta forma, o ViDA pode se configurar em uma medida quantitativa válida e confiável da QVRS de crianças e adolescentes com DA.
Measuring the Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) of children and adolescents living with hearing impairment (HI) permits assessing how this chronic condition affects their lives, as well as the benefits resulting from therapeutic interventions in-service results, which can influence the decision making process for the definition of policies, clinical procedures and therapeutic and organizational conducts to be adopted by the health teams. The construction process of an instrument to measure subjetiv constructs is long and complex. It becomes even more difficult in view of access difficulties to the population involved and the limitations they experience in terms of communication due to the HI. This research adopts a mixed approach (simultaneous and sequential development) and describes the methodological course followed to define the initial phases to construct an instrument for this population, based on the adaptation of the method described by the European projects DISABKIDS and KIDSCREEN. Thus, in a partnership between Brazil and Germany, relevant aspects of HRQoL were identified in Brazilian and German children with a mild to severe degree of HI and using a hearing aids, according to their own perception and that of their parents or caregivers, with the focus group technique as the main strategy. Based on the relevant aspects, items could be elaborated to construct an instrument, called Living with Hearing Impairment ViDA for now. These were submitted to a face, content and semantic validation process, with a view to the item reduction phases, totaling 57 items for now. This process involved health and education specialists experienced in working with hearing-impaired children and adolescents or with the instrument construction method, as well as the children, adolescents and their parents. A first suggestion for item reduction was based on Clinimetric Analysis. The results indicate that the ViDA items were considered important by the specialists, reflect the construct under analysis and, in general, are well understood by children and adolescents with a good language development level. However, they still demand adjustments for selfapplication and greater refinement for adaptation to the Brazilian reality. After this phase, the instrument will be resubmitted to the specialists, submitted to a pilot process, field study and verification of psychometric properties, after which it can be made available for use. The concepts and domains used in the elaboration of the ViDA can help in the elaboration and planning of actions, so as to truly cover the needs evidenced by this population. Thus, the ViDA can constitute a valid and reliable quantitative instrument to measure HRQoL in hearing-impaired children and adolescents.

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Santos, Mónica Esgueira dos. "GRBASH – Scale for Evaluating the Hoarse Voice: tradução, adaptação e análise psicométrica para o Português Europeu". Master's thesis, [s.n.], 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/4813.

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Trabalho de Projeto apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Terapêutica da Fala, área de especialização em Linguagem no Adulto
Introdução: A necessidade de se dispor de escalas padronizadas e adaptadas aos diversos meios socioculturais e linguísticos assume-se fundamental no contexto de avaliação em terapia da fala. A avaliação percetivo-auditiva da voz necessita de se transformar numa avaliação objetiva, com dados padronizados. Assim sendo, e dada a escassez de escalas e testes para avaliar percetivamente a qualidade vocal em Portugal, foi levado a cabo o presente estudo que teve como objetivo traduzir e adaptar a escala GRBASH – Scale for Evaluating the Hoarse Voice para o Português Europeu, analisar as propriedades psicométricas da escala e, por último, identificar associações entre avaliação percetivo-auditiva, medidas acústicas e variáveis atributo: sociodemográficas, clínicas e comportamentais. Participantes e métodos: Realizou-se um estudo do tipo quantitativo-descritivo transversal, com a tradução e retroversão da escala GRBASH – Scale for Evaluating the Hoarse Voice por tradutores independentes. A escala GRBASH na versão final foi aplicada a 80 amostras vocais de 80 sujeitos de ambos os sexos, com média de 51,5 (DP=14,7) anos de idade. A amostra vocal é composta pela sustentação da vogal /a/ em intensidade e altura confortáveis ao sujeito, sendo posteriormente submetidas a uma avaliação percetivo-auditiva pelo painel de peritos e extração dos parâmetros acústicos (F0 média, jitter, shimmer e HNR). Para testar as características da escala foi usada a análise das componentes principais e análise da consistência interna. Resultados: No que diz respeito à distribuição das variáveis em estudo pela idade dos indivíduos, verifica-se que os que consomem outros medicamentos para além daqueles usados para a voz apresentam uma maior representatividade nos mais velhos (38,2 vs. 61,7; p=0,049); nos indivíduos com consumo de álcool (33,3 vs. 67,7; p=0,022) e nos que referem alterações hormonais (30,0 vs. 70,0; p=0,015). Estas conclusões obtiveram diferenças estatisticamente significativas para as variáveis em estudo. Após a análise de componentes principais foram extraídas duas componentes: CP1 – Grau, Rouquidão, Tensão, Aspereza e CP2 – Soprosidade e Astenia, que explicam 76,41% da variância, com um alfa de Cronbach de 0,763 e de 0,548, respetivamente CP1 e CP2. A consistência interna das duas componentes confirmam que a escala é um instrumento homogéneo para avaliar a disfonia. No que diz respeito à distribuição dos scores pelas variáveis sociodemográficas, variáveis clínicas e comportamentais, não se verificaram quaisquer diferenças estatisticamente significativas dos scores da componente principal 1. Relativamente à componente principal 2 verificou-se que os indivíduos com consumo de outra medicação (32,7 vs. 24,2; p=0,031) sem consumo de álcool (34,2 vs. 23,1; p= 0,004) e hábitos tabágicos (22,9 vs. 33,0; p=0,005) apresentam uma média de scores superior. No que diz respeito à avaliação da validade do critério, comparando as diferenças de médias obtidas na qualidade da voz (CP1 e CP2) pela avaliação acústica, verifica-se que de uma forma geral não existe uma relação entre a qualidade percetiva da voz e a F0 em ambos os sexos. No entanto, apesar de não terem sido realizadas inferências estatísticas, as mulheres apresentam uma média superior de F0. Por outro lado, para as variáveis jitter (CP1 p=0,002; CP2 p= 0,019), shimmer (CP1 p<0,001; CP2 p=0,008) e HNR (CP1 p<0,001; CP2 p=0,001) verificaram-se diferenças estatisticamente significativas, para ambas as componentes da escala. No que diz respeito à distribuição da frequência fundamental média (F0) pelas variáveis sociodemográficas, variáveis clínicas e comportamentais, verifica-se que homens mais velhos possuem uma média significativamente superior comparando com homens mais novos (154,0 vs. 126,1; p=0,020). Verifica-se que homens com presença de patologia laríngea possuem uma média de F0 superior (147,5 vs. 123,1; p=0,010). As mulheres que consomem outros medicamentos (exceto medicamentos para a voz) possuem uma média da F0 superior (169,5 vs. 163,6; p=0,023). As mulheres que fumam possuem uma F0 menor (155,7 vs. 196,0; p=0,024). Os homens com refluxo faringo-laríngeo possuem uma F0 inferior (124 vs. 155,1; p=0,013) e as mulheres com alterações hormonais possuem uma F0 maior (209,2 vs. 167,8; p=0,005). Para as restantes variáveis não se verificam diferenças estatisticamente significativas. Nas restantes variáveis acústicas verifica-se que os indivíduos do sexo masculino possuem uma média de jitter inferior (0,6 vs. 1,0; p=0,004). Para a variável HNR, os indivíduos que têm doença respiratória aguda nas últimas 4 semanas, possuem um valor menor (9,3 vs. 13,3; p=0,020). Para a variável jitter, verificou-se que quem consome álcool possui uma média significativamente menor (0,6 vs. 1,0; p=0,024). Conclusão: Os resultados deste estudo permitem comprovar as hipóteses teóricas levantadas e demonstraram que a escala GRBASH – Escala para Avaliação da Disfonia é um instrumento com boas propriedades psicométricas para ser usado na população portuguesa. Introduction: The need to have standardised scales adapted to various sociocultural and linguistic environments becomes crucial in the context of evaluation in speech therapy. The auditory-perceptual evaluation of voice needs to become an objective assessment with standardised data. Therefore, given the scarcity of scales and tests to perceptively evaluate voice quality in Portugal, this study was conducted, which aimed to translate and adapt the GRBASH – Scale for Evaluating the Hoarse Voice to European Portuguese, analyse the psychometric properties of the scale and, finally, identify associations between auditory-perceptual evaluation, acoustic measurements and sociodemographic, clinical and behavioural attribute variables. Participants and methods: We conducted a quantitative/descriptive cross-sectional study, with translation and reverse translation of the GRBASH – Scale for Evaluating the Hoarse Voice scale performed by freelance translators. The final version of the GRBASH scale was administered to 80 voice samples of 80 subjects of both sexes, with a mean of 51.5 (SD = 14.7) years of age. The vocal sample consists of the maintenance of the vowel /a/ at an intensity and volume comfortable to the subject, which is subsequently subjected to perceptual-auditory evaluation by the panel of experts and extraction of acoustic parameters (mean F0, jitter, shimmer and HNR). To test the characteristics of the scale, analysis of the principal components and analysis of internal consistency were used. Results: In relation to the distribution of the variables studied by the age of the subjects, it appears that those taking medicines other than those used for the voice are more prevalent among older subjects (38.2 vs. 61.7, p=0.049); in subjects who consume alcohol (33.3 vs. 67.7, p=0.022) and in those who report hormonal changes (30.0 vs. 70.0; p=0.015). These findings resulted in statistically significant differences for the variables under study. After analysis of the principal components, two components were extracted: CP1 – Grade, Roughness, Strain, Harshness and CP2 – Breathiness and Asthenia, which explain 76.41% of the variance, with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.763 and 0.548 in CP1 and CP2 respectively. The internal consistency of the two components confirms that the scale is a uniform instrument for evaluating dysphonia. With regard to the distribution of the scores by sociodemographic, clinical and behavioural variables, there were no statistically significant differences in the scores of principal component 1. Regarding principal component 2, it was found that subjects taking other medicines (32.7 vs. 24.2, p=0.031) who do not consume alcohol (34.2 vs. 23.1, p=0.004) or smoke (22.9 vs. 33.0, p=0.005) showed higher mean scores. As regards the assessment of the validity of the criterion, comparing the differences in the averages obtained in voice quality (CP1 and CP2) by acoustic evaluation, it is found that, in general, there is no relationship between perceptive quality of the voice and F0 in both sexes. However, despite statistical inference not having been applied, women have a higher average F0. On the other hand, the variables jitter (CP1 p=0.002; CP2 p=0.019), shimmer (CP1 p<0.001; CP2 p=0.008) and HNR (CP1 p<0.001; CP2 p=0.001) demonstrate statistically significant differences for both components of the scale. With respect to the distribution of mean fundamental frequency (F0) by sociodemographic, clinical and behavioural variables, it appears that older men have a significantly higher average compared to younger men (154.0 vs. 126.1; p=0.020). It appears that men with laryngeal disease have a higher average F0 (147.5 vs. 123.1; p=0.010). Women taking other medicines (except medicines for the voice) have a higher average F0 (169.5 vs. 163.6; p=0.023). Women who smoke have a lower F0 (155.7 vs. 196.0; p=0.024). Men with gastroesophageal reflux have a lower F0 (124 vs. 155.1, p=0.013) and women with hormonal changes have a higher F0 (209.2 vs. 167.8; p=0.005). For the remaining variables, no statistically significant differences are found. In the remaining acoustic variables, it appears that male subjects have a lower average jitter (0.6 vs. 1.0; p=0.004). For the variable HNR, subjects who have had acute respiratory disease in the past 4 weeks exhibit a lower value (9.3 vs. 13.3; p=0.020). For the variable jitter, it was found that who consume alcohol have a significantly lower average (0.6 vs.1.0; p=0.024). Conclusion: The results of this study allow us to confirm the theoretical hypotheses raised and demonstrate that the GRBASH Scale for the Evaluation of Dysphonia is an instrument with good psychometric properties for use among the Portuguese population.

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49

Melo, Tatiana Mendes de. "Percepção da fala em crianças usuárias de implante coclear com duas estratégias de processamento do sinal do sistema HiResolution". Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5160/tde-14012013-142734/.

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A melhora na percepção da fala dos usuários de implante coclear (IC) ao longo do tempo está relacionada, entre outros fatores, ao avanço tecnológico das estratégias de processamento do sinal. Deste modo, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho de percepção da fala em crianças usuárias de IC, utilizando duas diferentes estratégias de processamento do sinal do sistema HiResolution da Advanced Bionics. Para tanto, participaram deste estudo 11 crianças com deficiência auditiva pré-lingual, usuárias do componente interno HiRes 90K e processador de fala modelo platinum, e que apresentavam habilidade auditiva de reconhecimento em conjunto aberto. Foi realizada a avaliação intra-sujeito em três momentos, de acordo com a estratégia de fala utilizada. O desempenho da linha de base foi avaliado com a estratégia HiResolution 120 (HiRes 120) e posteriormente, foi realizada a conversão da estratégia para a HiResolution (HiRes). Após três meses de uso da estratégia HiRes, os participantes foram avaliados e realizada a conversão da estratégia para a HiRes 120. Após três meses de uso da HiRes 120, os participantes foram reavaliados. Em todas as avaliações, os participantes foram submetidos à pesquisa dos limiares audiométricos em campo livre, avaliação da percepção da fala por meio do teste Hearing in Noise (HINT), no silêncio e na presença de ruído competitivo e, avaliação dos benefícios proporcionados pelo uso do IC em situações cotidianas, por meio do questionário Parents\' Evaluation of Aural/oral Performance of Children (PEACH). Os resultados demonstraram que não houve diferença dos limiares audiométricos em campo livre, do desempenho auditivo no silêncio e do benefício do IC em situações de vida diária, em função da estratégia de processamento de sinal utilizada. Houve tendência de melhor desempenho auditivo na situação de ruído com o uso da estratégia de processamento de sinal HiRes 120, embora, tal resultado não tenha sido estatisticamente significante. Essa tendência indica que a representação espectral do sinal acústico de forma mais detalhada proporcionada pela HiRes 120 pode auxiliar no desempenho auditivo de crianças usuárias de IC em situações de ruído, contudo, essa característica da estratégia de processamento de sinal não influenciou o desempenho auditivo nas situações de silêncio. Reforça-se a importância da observação clínica e avaliação de percepção de fala com ruído na seleção da estratégia de processamento de sinal, a fim de otimizar o desempenho auditivo dos usuários de IC.
Improvements in speech perception with cochlear implant (CI) over the years is related, among others factors, to the technological advance of the sound processing strategy. The purpose of the present study was to investigate speech perception performance in CI children, with two different Advanced Bionics sound processing strategy. Subjects were 11 prelingually deafened children implanted with the HiRes 90K cochlear implant and used a bodyworn platinum sound processor. All subjects showed evidence of open-set speech recognition. A within-subjects design was used to compare performance with standard HiRes and HiRes 120. Baseline performance was assessed with HiResolution 120 (HiRes 120). Subjects then were fitted with HiResolution (HiRes) and returned for re-evaluation after three months of use. After three months of HiRes experience, subjects were refitted with HiRes 120 and returned three months later for reassessment. During test sessions, subject\'s performance was evaluated by warble-tone sound-field thresholds, the Brazilian Hearing in Noise test (HINT) in quiet and in noise and Parents\' Evaluation of Aural/oral Performance of Children questionnaire (PEACH). The detection thresholds, the speech perception in quiet and the CI benefit in daily life were similar for both sound processing strategy. There was a trend toward better hearing performance in noise with HiRes 120, although this result was not statistically significant. This trend indicates that more precise spectral representation of the acoustic signal provided by the HiRes 120 can result in an improvement in the speech perception in noise by CI children. However, this characteristic did not influence the auditory performance in quiet. It reinforces the importance of clinical observation and speech perception in noise assessment in the sound processing strategy selection, in order to optimize the auditory performance of CI users.

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Cordeiro, Gerissa Neiva de Moura Santos. "O Processo de Indicação e Adaptação de Aparelho de Amplificação Sonora Individual para crianças abaixo de três anos de idade". Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2007. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/12083.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T18:12:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gerissa Neiva de Moura Santos Cordeiro.pdf: 1391551 bytes, checksum: 3e2c4d833bd78c98e1174ab84d86e2d0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-02-23
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Introduction. The process of audiologic evaluation is very important and dynamic. It occurs then the characterization of the auditory loss (degree, type and configuration), the determination of the necessities and expectations, the election of the hearing aid, being chosen its physical and eletroacustics characteristics. After that, the verification of the amplification prescribed during the programming of the hearing aid is carried through and, finally, the validation, to verify the effect in the auditory perception and the development of speaks. With this they stand out the importance of the diagnosis and the establishment of necessary auditory thresholds in the indication and adaptation of the hearing aid in children and the necessity of a knowledge deepened on the subject, that subsidizes the improvement of the politics and services of attention to the auditory health. Objetivo.Discribed and to argue the process of lapsing, verification and validation in the adaptation of hearing aid (Device of Individual Sonorous Amplification) for children of 3 the 36 months of age, inserted in a service of auditory health. Methodology. They had been selected and considered for it analyzes 10 citizens that were in attendance in the Centro Audição na Criança (CeAC), had been collected the data in the handbook of the service on the audiológico diagnosis, the indication and adaptation of the amplification and had been gotten given through measures in situ, audiometria with visual reinforcement with AASI and test of perception of speaks; in each specific case. From it analyzes had been chosen 2 citizens that had better allowed the quarrel of: Establishment of the auditory thresholds for the lapsing of characteristics acoustics of the AASI.The process of verification of the lapsing of the characteristics of the AASI: waited and the found one. Results. The results gotten with the quarrels of the two cases had disclosed that the determination of the audiométricos thresholds in the studied cases was determinative in the lapsing of the characteristics of the AASI. We presented different values of RECD in the two ears, being justified by the asymmetry of external acoustic meato that was visualized through the auricular mold. In the studied cases the value indicated in the software of the company does not correspond to the values gotten in the process of verification in coupler 2 cc. Reaction for the sounds was observed of says in both the casesConclusion. This study it allowed some reflections on the determination of the thresholds for the lapsing of the amplification. The mensuração of the RECD must be measured in the two ears when the anatomical difference will be visualized in the auricular mold. Adjustments of until 20dB had been necessary so that the parameters prescribed for software were gotten in the coupler 2cc. These results confirm the necessity of the process of verification in the coupler in the routine of the indication of AASI. The organization of a protocol with all the carried through procedures made possible one better understanding of the process and was basic in the decisions in such a way in the establishment of the thresholds as in the verification and validation of the characteristics of the AASI. It made possible the organization of a protocol suggestion that can contribute for the clinical interpretation of the available examinations in the first year of life
Introdução. O processo de avaliação audiológica é muito importante e dinâmico. Ocorre então a caracterização da perda auditiva (grau, tipo e configuração), a determinação das necessidades e expectativas, a seleção do AASI, sendo escolhidas suas características físicas e eletroacústicas. Em seguida, é realizada a verificação da amplificação prescrita durante a programação do AASI e, por último, a validação, para se verificar o efeito na percepção auditiva e no desenvolvimento de fala.Com isso ressaltam a importância do diagnóstico e do estabelecimento de limiares auditivos precisos na indicação e adaptação do AASI em crianças e a necessidade de um conhecimento aprofundado sobre o tema, que subsidie o aprimoramento das políticas e serviços de atenção à saúde auditiva. Objetivo.Descrever e discutir o processo de prescrição, verificação e validação na adaptação de AASI (Aparelho de Amplificação Sonora Individual) para crianças de 3 a 36 meses de idade, inseridas em um serviço de saúde auditiva.Metodologia. Foram selecionados e considerados para analise 10 sujeitos que estavam em atendimento no Centro Audição na Criança (CeAC), foram coletados os dados no prontuário do serviço sobre o diagnóstico audiológico, sobre a indicação e adaptação da amplificação e foram obtidos dados através de medidas in situ, audiometria com reforço visual com AASI e teste de percepção de fala; em cada caso específico.A partir da analise foram escolhidos 2 sujeitos que melhor permitiram a discussão de: Estabelecimento dos limiares auditivos para a prescrição de características acústicas do AASI.O processo de verificação da prescrição das características do AASI: o esperado e o encontrado.Resultados. Os resultados obtidos com as discussões dos dois casos revelaram que a determinação dos limiares audiométricos nos casos estudados foi determinante na prescrição das características do AASI. We apresentou valores de RECD diferentes nas duas orelhas, sendo justificada pela assimetria de meato acústico externo que foi visualizado através do molde auricular. Nos casos estudados o valor indicado no software da empresa não correspondem aos valores obtidos no processo de verificação no acoplador 2 cc.Foi observada reação para os sons de fala em ambos os casos Conclusão.Este estudo permitiu algumas reflexões sobre a determinação dos limiares para a prescrição da amplificação. A mensuração do RECD deve ser medido nas duas orelhas quando for visualizado no molde auricular a diferença anatômica..Ajustes de até 20dB foram necessários para que os parâmetros prescritos pelo software fossem obtidos no acoplador 2cc.Estes resultados confirmam a necessidade do processo de verificação no acoplador na rotina da indicação de AASI. A organização de um protocolo com todos os procedimentos realizados possibilitou uma melhor compreensão do processo e foi fundamental nas decisões tanto no estabelecimento dos limiares como na verificação validação das características do AASI. Possibilitou a organização de uma sugestão de protocolo que pode contribuir para a interpretação clínica dos exames disponíveis no primeiro ano de vida

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