Tesi sul tema "Attente (Philosophie)"
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Contador, Antonio. "Attendre : de la disponibilité dans l'être". Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010510/document.
Testo completoNothing could be more common than to view waiting as a form of passivity; the one who waits is the one who refrains from doing, their fate is revealed by chance, on a throw of the dice, rather than taken in hand; their life does not belong to them, they are not truly the masters of their being. Confronted with a certain death and the uncertainty of the future, anticipating, via the effort of taking the initiative rather than waiting, seems self-evident. But this resolutely active position - for which energy is drawn from the desire to have a life worth living - cannot alter the course of destiny. In spite of all efforts made, the fact is unequivocal: time remains inherently irreversible, death irrevocable. Thus, anticipating life instead of waiting for it shows that doing does not answer all questions, and that taking the initiative instead of staying quiet is just a way to give oneself the illusion of taking control.Wainting. Of the availability in the being aims to show that waiting is not the opposite of anticipation, nor is it the answer when faced with the obvious failure of anticipation to battle with the unrelenting passing of time. What is waiting? There are in fact two forms of waiting. On the one hand, waiting as an expecting availability; while one waits, one is anticipating that which is not yet there, and in doing so, one does not let the future arrive unexpectedly. On the other hand, the pure and simple wait; here one does not anticipate, one can only let the future come, welcome it - no effort can predict its arrival. As such, it is a pure vision, rid of all knowledge, and of any conscious elaboration or activity. Its disappearing appearance heralds its slow and fortuitous setting in motion in the meanders of the unconscious. By blooming in such a way, the pure and simple wait reveals things, self-evident facts that inform the one waiting about the meaning of their lives
Hennebel, Jean-Michel. "Le problème philosophique de la rééducation : le cas particulier de l'enfant cérébro-lésé, au croisement des savoirs : philosophie des sciences cognitives, phénoménologie et philosophie de l'éducation". Lille 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL30083.
Testo completoRe-education practices are rarely pervaded with any philosophical thought, since those evry practices seem to hinder the development of suchan idea. Nevertheless, some elements may indicate thet more and more people are taking into account the need to implement such a reflexion within medical care so as to perceive re-education itself as a philosophical problem. The re-education of mentally impaired children implies mutually dependent areas of knowledge, namely : phenomenology, the philosophy of education, and the philosophy of cognitive sciences focusing on mental processes. Our work, which is based on this interdependence, consists in providing a conceptual framework thet we deem to be paramount for the support of our specific area of medical care. Mentally impaired children are involved in pathological events which definitely affect their lives. Those events tragically belong to a logical process involving trauma, cerebral plasticity, and resilience whose connections have to be scrutinized. Furthermore, the quality of the human relations involved in medical care relies on our recognition of the paradoxical value found in the strong desire for the children to maintain their autonomy. Finally, a philosophy of re-education cannot be complete without being linked to a philosophy of education
Haaser, Thibaud. "Elaboration d’une consultation d’accompagnement philosophique des patients atteints de cancer : projet OncoSophia". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS368/document.
Testo completoThe occurrence of cancer in existence can lead people to complex questions about their conception of the human condition, the ethical benchmarks they have defined to live well, or the concrete practice of their life.These matters reflect the hardness of human situations, characterized by representations and fears. This work focuses on the elaboration of a specific approach of these questions : ethicology. Based on the antique defintion of philosophy, ethicology is a complementary accompaniment modality to the existing supportive cares. Ethicology is an opportunity for the persons to consider themselves differently, an opportunity of a care of the self. Philosophy is used in ethicolgy according two modalities. Philosophy as a method brings the possibility of a rational dialogue and philosophy as resources helps to illustrate person's words. Construction of this method was carried out through the OncoSophia research project, during which the first ethicological consultations were realized
Bolaños, Bernardo. "Attentes normatives et proportionnalité : éléments d'une théorie de la décision juridique". Paris 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA010514.
Testo completoNélaton, Christelle. "La philosophie dans l'éthique narrative : la transplantation pulmonaire chez les adolescents atteints de mucoviscidose comme terrain d'application". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UNIP5106.
Testo completoA survey of scientific publications allows us to establish that "experiences and perceptions of lung transplant among teenagers suffering from cystic fibrosis" are unexplored. At a time when this surgery appears questionable (its success rate reaching 50% 5 years after the graft) and doctors and paramedics witnessed the suicide of a teenage girl who had undergone surgery, it seemed interesting to us to suggest a brand new kind of narrative and philosophical investigation. But how can the philosopher venture out of ethics committees to meet the patients? Our PhD aims at distinguishing this philosophical approach from the scarce psychological, psychiatric and psychoanalytical texts that deal with the matter. With this objective in mind, we shall draw on the works of American philosopher Richard Zaner. Starting from his experience among patients in Nashville, our work attempts to show that it is possible for the French philosopher to use his or her singular questioning, tendency to conceptualize, and resources of his or her field to deliver an innovative analysis on the experiences and representations of these teenagers. By engaging in - like Zaner - philosophical meetings whose conversations would not be led by half-biased questionnaires channeling their answers, we think we are able to build a scientific and genuinely philosophical work from these patients accounts. Our work is in keeping with what we call today "narrative ethics". Multidisciplinary by nature, it can be applied by philosophers who build up from the patients stories to philosophize in a new way. The philosopher is used to relying on principalism to think about a medical reality. Our work has striven to offer an approach of actual philosophical analysis that was "bottom up" rather than "top down". To achieve this, we went to meet patients in order to put our methodological assumption to the test. We have tried to organize a team work with caregivers to obtain productive discussions with the patients. Drawing on our exchanges with young patients about the topic of transplant, but also on a number of philosophical notions, we have tried to understand how these teenagers perceived existence, and the place a transplant could hold in it. Is it a break, a continuity, or a new standard for these teenagers suffering from cystic fibrosis ? Standard publications about transplants hinge upon ethical and existential questions, the notion of guilt or debt towards the donor, but also the upset identity of the receiver. But does studying the experiences and representations of patients confirm this? Is the principle of autonomy still central to the ethical difficulties of this activity? The purpose of this work is to contribute to what Pierre Le Coz called "the philosophical time of decision", this critical and reflective moment surrounding a medical decision. Our approach thus suggests a knowledge of the individual that needs to encourage thinking about the medical decision of performing a transplant. We cannot consider this knowledge as definite, yet we can highlight the necessity of constantly moving back and forth between the individual and the general, between the illness and the demands of medical practice. By going back to the origins of philosophy - first conceived as an oral activity - this work seeks to reconcile the use of a method we could qualify as "phenomenological" with conceptual resources and questions that reach beyond this framework
Quinon-Bucholc, Paula. "Le modèle attendu de l'arithmétique : l'argument du théorème de Tennenbaum". Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010656.
Testo completoBoetti, Estelle. "La qualité de vie des enfants, adolescents atteints de maladies chroniques et l'impact du regard collectif : approche éthique et philosophique". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM5046.
Testo completoAims: The number of researches on QOL is increasing. However, the QOL concept is characterized by lack of agreement and showed conceptual problems. The objective of our study is to understand how philosophy can help to renew our understanding of the QOL concept. Methods: Analytical process started with a literature review in Philosophy (Antiquity to contemporary) and Public Health (in Medline-1990-2010). Conceptualization and measurement theories of happiness, preference, satisfaction, and autonomy have been also studied in order to reveal the underlying theories. Through these concepts we have isolated patient's moral expectations. These moral expectations are formalized as values corresponding to the four ethical principles developed by Beauchamp and Childress, in The principles of biomedical ethics. These principles constitute a recognized consensual platform, based on the four international principles: autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence and justice. Results: The Public Health approaches of QOL don't focus enough on the moral expectations of children. To assess the applicability of the principles in the field of health, we are chosen twenty-eight QOL's measurement instruments. Then, we confront these instruments to ethical principles, in order to determine how the moral expectations of children are explored. This confrontation has showed that all the instruments don't tackle the four fundamental moral expectations. Nevertheless, a change in perspective has taken place during these four decades: questionnaires made since the late 1990s put more emphasis on the four ethical principles
Ismael, Afraa. "Le problème du temps chez Saint Augustin et Saint Thomas d’Aquin". Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR30046.
Testo completoThis thesis has for aim to explore the problematic of the time within the reflections of St Augustine and St Thomas Aquinas that are both seen as a key link between the philosophical thought of the antiquity and the contemporary period. It will firstly analyze the theories developed by these two philosophers on the concept and the measure of the time, to give an answer to the question: has the time a reality and how to measure it?Through a deep analyze of the two philosophers’ corpus referentials, this study will try to determine if it is possible to find the answer in the changing, the motion, the succession, the duration, the moment and the present or if we rather have to see the time as a shape of the objective world or as a scheme of the apprehension depending on the subject. The first part of this work will answer the question whether the time reflects the properties of the objective world itself or those of the subjective world or might it be the result of the links we have with these two worlds. The second will analyze the problematic of the time between its origin and its end (the creation and the eternity). We will try to know if it is possible to show that the philosophical analysis of the time made by these two authors cannot be seen as an independent instant but a way to reconsider the subject of the time in a theology of creation and eternity.In a broad analysis of the four themes that are, the reality, the measure of the time, the creation and the eternity and some specifics and close concepts, we will determine if it is possible to say that there is an absolute gap between the time as a cosmic category and the time as a psychological one. We will show precisely if it is possible to say that the St Augustine and St Thomas Aquinas’s thoughts can be looked as two different theories, the one which sees the time as a subjective reality and allows St Augustine to be considered one of the most significant founders of the phenomenology of the time unlike St Thomas Aquinas who demonstrates the time's objective reality, in the continuity of the Aristotelian objectivity of the time
Humblot, Jean-François. "Itinéraires thérapeutiques de patients franc-comtois atteints du cancer". Thesis, La Réunion, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LARE0031.
Testo completoThe initial question of this research is at the confluence of various experiences, of sons, brothers, caregivers, patients, apprentice-anthropologists. With this thesis, it is above all a matter of better understanding the way in which people affected by cancer experience their disease and how they feel it in their own body. This is done by exploring what Anglo-Saxon anthropology and Arthur Kleinman (1980) name the "illness". This study also tries to understand why and how patients (including the author of the study), are likely to have recourse - or not - to therapies which are qualified as alternatives or unconventional as well as quantifying how much time is invested for the use of these therapies. Based on a reflexive anthropological approach, this study allows to set the limits of certain somewhat rigid categories present in the anthropological literature such as emic and etic. It also shows that the Biomedicine approach is generally the first chosen by patients. It is only secondly that they would turn to unconventional therapies in the form of complementary therapies. Unconventional therapies would then fill the hole left by the mechanistic biomedicine's lack of explanations regarding un-answer questions asked by patients trying to understand the meaning of their disease. For the patients, having recourse to alternative drugs or therapies appears as a way: of acting oneself on the cancerous disease, to take back power over it, to control it a little bit, to dilute the power of biomedicine, to try to take away part of its omnipotence, to slow down time, to maintain this relationship of sick person to person who heals. Would the rise of biomedicine have happened at the expense of forgetting certain fundamental human needs, such as the need to give meaning to the disease or the need to consider the therapeutic relationship in the form of a balanced relationship, from human to human, that would take into account the patient as a whole, with its physical, psychological and social sides?
Meuris, Cesar. "Faire et défaire la capacité d’autonomie: Enquête sur la prise en charge des patients atteints de la maladie d’Alzheimer hospitalisés en service gériatrique de soins aigus". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/261525.
Testo completoDoctorat en Philosophie
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Fliss, Rafika. "Cognition et interactions sociales dans la maladie d'Alzheimer : contributions cliniques à l'étude des processus d'adaptation à autrui chez les patients atteints de la maladie d'Alzheimer". Phd thesis, Angers, 2013. https://theses.hal.science/tel-01021982.
Testo completoImpairments of social interactions have been described in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) in order to explain some of their behavioural difficulties, such as the lack of awareness of their own memory impairments (metamemory), or difficulties to infer the mental states of others (Theory of Mind, ToM). By adopting, firstly, a cognitive approach, then a sociological perspective to social adaptation and to the role of others in regulating our behaviour, we firstly proposed to AD patients and matched controls a comprehensive assessment protocol for different aspects of frontal functioning: Self-awareness (metamemory), awareness of the others (ToM) and executive cognitive functioning. In the second part on this thesis, AD patients, patients with mild cognitive impairments and normal controls were given dynamic tasks assessing social interactions with the examiner and perspective-taking skills. This thesis leads to the following conclusions (1) metamemory and ToM abilities in AD should be fractionated; (2) executive cognitive deficits are unable to explain the performance of patients; and (3) using alternative interpretations borrowed from the realms of social psychology and sociology is important to the understanding of the social interaction impairments of AD patients, in terms of difficulties in perspective taking and in maintenance of a singular social role
Fliss, Rafika. "Cognition et Interactions Sociales dans la Maladie d'Alzheimer : Contributions cliniques à l'étude des processus d'adaptation à autrui chez les patients atteints de la Maladie d'Alzheimer". Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01021982.
Testo completoBenbrika, Soumia. "Manifestations extra-motrices dans la sclérose latérale amyotrophique : quelles atteintes cliniques et cérébrales et quelles évolutions avec le temps ? Cognitive, emotional and psychological manifestations in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis at baseline and overtime Longitudinal study of extra-motor manifestations in ALS: Clinical and imaging data Alexithymia in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and its neural correlates". Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMC041.
Testo completoAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease with motor and non-motor manifestations. If non-motor manifestations are well recognized, questions remain around their evolution during the illness. The assessment of patients’ psychological state is surprising in that subjects present infrequently psychiatric disorders, which raises the question of specificity related to the disease. Anatomical lesions of the gray matter (GM) in ALS are well described, but their evolution as well as the links between these disorders and the clinical signs are less known. Through two original studies, we have focused on describing the profile of the extra-motor signs and the psychological state as well as their evolution in a group of patients. We searched for the links between cognitive, emotional and psychological manifestations. We were interested in looking for changes of GM as well as the evolution of those. Finally, we looked for potential correlations between extra-motor changes and GM volume and cortical thickness (CTH). While at diagnosis, alterations to executive functions were present in nearly 40% of patients, at follow-up there was no degradation of these functions except for the inhibition capabilities. Patients also exhibit alterations in affective theory of mind and recognition of their own emotions, which seem to protect them from a pathological affective reaction. Reduction of CTH at baseline concerns motor and extra-motor cererbral regions with decline overtime. Extra-motor disorders appear to be subtended by those of specific brain regions
Bourgeois-Guérin, Valérie. "L'expérience de la souffrance chez les femmes âgées atteintes de cancer incurable". Thèse, 2012. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/5657/1/D2439.pdf.
Testo completoBouchard, Micheline. "L'expérience de femmes atteintes de sclérodermie et vivant avec une limitation fonctionnelle : une étude phénoménologique". Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10996.
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