Articoli di riviste: "Astronomical observatories"

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Mironov, Α. V., e V. M. Tereshchenko. "Astronomical Observatories in Kazakhstan". Open Astronomy 7, n. 2 (1 giugno 1998): 351–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/astro-1998-0219.

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Wolfschmidt, Gudrun. "Cultural heritage of astronomical observatories". Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 5, S260 (gennaio 2009): 229–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921311002341.

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AbstractWe present the results of the ICOMOS international symposium “Cultural Heritage of Astronomical Observatories (around 1900) – From Classical Astronomy to Modern Astrophysics” (Oct. 2008). The objective of the symposium was to discuss the relevance of modern observatories to the cultural heritage of humankind and to select partner observatories which, due to the date of their construction or to their architectural or scientific importance are comparable to Hamburg Observatory, as international cooperation partners for a serial trans-national application.

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Johnson, Stewart W., Jack O. Burns, Koon Meng Chua, Nebojsa Duric, Walter H. Gerstle e G. Jeffrey Taylor. "Lunar Astronomical Observatories: Design Studies". Journal of Aerospace Engineering 3, n. 4 (ottobre 1990): 211–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0893-1321(1990)3:4(211).

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Tanaka, M., Y. Shirasaki, M. Ohishi, Y. Mizumoto, S. Kawanomoto, N. Yasuda e S. Honda. "Astronomical Research Using Virtual Observatories". Data Science Journal 8 (2010): S113—S121. http://dx.doi.org/10.2481/dsj.igy-018.

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Guoxiang, A. "National Astronomical Observatories in China". Science 293, n. 5528 (13 luglio 2001): 214a—214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.293.5528.214a.

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Swanson, Paul N., e James A. Cutts. "Astronomical observatories on the moon". Advances in Space Research 14, n. 6 (giugno 1994): 123–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(94)90017-5.

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Dale, Paul-Henri. "A Proposal for Better Cooperation among Libraries of Astronomical Observatories". International Astronomical Union Colloquium 110 (1989): 184–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100003341.

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SummaryThe cooperation between libraries of astronomical Observatories remains clearly insufficient despite the numerous means of communication now available. The library of the Royal Observatory of Belgium therefore recommends the establishment of a “subgroup” of users (Libraries of Astronomical Observatories) within the already existing Dobis-Libis Users Group.

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Wenjing, Jin, Jinming Bai e Yongqiang Yao. "The Selection and Protection of Optical Astronomical Observing Sites in China". Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 10, H16 (agosto 2012): 748. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921314013301.

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Before 1950 there are two observatories, Shanghai and Purple Mountain Astronomical Observatories (SHAO and PMO), and two observing stations, Qingdao and Kunming stations in China. With the requirements of astronomical research, two observatories, Beijing and Shaanxi Astronomical Observatories (BAO and SXAO) and two artificial satellite stations, Urumqi and Changchun, were established about 1960. Based on the current management, now there are 4 observatories, SHAO, PMO, NAOC(National Astronomical Observatories), which was grouped from BAO, YNAO and 2 others, as well as XAO (Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory). The optical 1-2 m class telescopes are being operated at former four observatories. SXAO is changed as National Time Service Center. Because of city expansion as well as the traveling and economic developments, these observatories are suffered severe light pollution. For example, Zo Ce is located at the suburb of Shanghai city. A 40 cm double astrograph was installed in 1900 and a 1.56 m optical reflector have been operated since November 1987. In 1994 the seeing is better than 1 and the night sky brightness in V is about 19 mag/arcsec2, stars fainter than 20 mag with CCD are visibles. In 2007 a large playground was built in Zô Cè area. The light pollution is severe gradually. The night sky brightness has been increased to 15.8 mag/arcsec2. The other observatories have similar situation. New site surveys and found new stations to solve the problem. Except the solar and radio stations of each Astronomical Observatory, now there are 3 optical observing sites at PMO (Hong-He, Xu-Yi and Yaoan), 2 at SHAO (Zô Cè and Tian Huang Ping) and 2 at YNAO (Kunming and Gao-Mei-Gu) as well as 1 optical observing site at BAO (Xing-Long). The best observing site is Gao-Mei-Gu, which is selected as the optical observing site of YNAO and where atmospheric turbulence distribution is 0.11 near ground with heights from 6.5m to 2.7m during night. Sky brightness in B and V band are 22.34 and 21.54. The extinction coefficient K,bv and K,v are 0.298 and 0.135. The seeing measurement is 0.72’,. In the recent years a new 2.4m telescope the second largest telescope in China, was installed there.

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Ellegaard, Ole, e Bertil F. Dorch. "The uniqueness of astronomical observatory publications". Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 15, S367 (dicembre 2019): 487–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921321000314.

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AbstractAstronomical observatory publications include the work of local astronomers from observatories around the world and are traditionally exchanged between observatories through their libraries. However, large collections of these publications appear to be rare and are often incomplete. In order to assess the unique properties of the collections, we compare observatories present in our own collection from the university at Copenhagen, Denmark with two collections from the USA: one at the Woodman Library at Wisconsin-Madison and another at the Dudley Observatory in Loudonville, New York.

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Lawrence, J. S., M. C. B. Ashley e J. W. V. Storey. "Autonomous observatories for the Antarctic plateau". Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 8, S288 (agosto 2012): 6–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921312016602.

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AbstractAntarctic astronomical site-testing has been conducted using autonomous self-powered observatories for more than a decade (the AASTO at South Pole, the AASTINO at Dome C, and PLATO at Dome A/Dome F). More recently autonomous (PLATO) observatories have been developed and deployed to support small-scale scientific instruments, such as HEAT, a 0.6 m aperture terahertz telescope at Ridge A, and AST3, a 0.5 m optical telescope array at Dome A. This paper reviews the evolution of autonomous Antarctic astronomical observatories, and discusses the requirements and implications for observatories that will be needed for future larger-scale facilities.

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Stoeva, Penka, e Alexey Stoev. "Informal astronomy education in Bulgaria at the beginning of the XXI century: organization, continuum, results". Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 15, S367 (dicembre 2019): 363–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921321000016.

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AbstractThe report shows the current opportunities for obtaining astronomical knowledge in school and outside it, through the use of non-formal education. These are school and extracurricular activities, schools, astronomical competitions and Olympiads, observation expeditions. For 25 years Bulgaria has been participating in the International Olympiads in Astronomy and Astronomy and Astrophysics with National Teams. The role and place of the system of Public Astronomical Observatories and Planetaria in the system of non-formal education in astronomy are discussed (In Bulgaria there are 7 Public astronomical observatories with a planetarium). Specialized activities in their school forms allow the formation of sustainable astronomical knowledge and observational habits.

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Vavilova, I. B., e T. G. Artemenko. "The oldest astronomical observatories in Ukraine". Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 15, S367 (dicembre 2019): 484–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921321000089.

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AbstractWe present the data related to the revealed astronomical oldest observatories at the territory of Ukraine and describe briefly the principles of observations which could be realized at these sites with usage of megalithic stones. Among these oldest observatories are as follows: the stone complex at the Lysyna Kosmatska mountain (Charpatian region); Bakhchysaray Menhir in Crimea; a complex of shafts at the Mavrin Maidan near Pavlograd city.

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Lowman, Paul D., e Daniel F. Lester. "Build astronomical observatories on the Moon?" Physics Today 59, n. 11 (novembre 2006): 50–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2435647.

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Ohishi, Masatoshi. "Astronomical Virtual Observatories Through International Collaboration". Data Science Journal 9 (2010): S128—S134. http://dx.doi.org/10.2481/dsj.igy-050.

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Burton, Michael. "Where past meets future". Astronomy & Geophysics 64, n. 1 (1 febbraio 2023): 1.25–1.28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/astrogeo/atac094.

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Abstract Ireland's historic astronomical observatories at Armagh, Birr and Dunsink are embarking on the process of seeking UNESCO World Heritage Status. Michael Burton examines the deep astronomical heritage that they embody.

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Belij, Marija, e Milutin Tadic. "Astrotourism - possibilities for development in Serbia". Glasnik Srpskog geografskog drustva 95, n. 3 (2015): 59–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsgd1503059b.

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Astrotourism is a specific, new and perspective form of tourism which stands out from the mass tourist movement with special program that includes visits to astronomical observatories, with required astronomical observations. his form of tourism is considered to be "niche tourism" or special form of tourism which is intended for individuals or small groups, creating a diversity of offers in destinations. Astrotourism is now a modest, but not negligible part of the tourist destinations that wish to enrich its tourist offer. Like other small countries, Serbia has no spectacular planetarium, giant observatories and telescopes, but there are sufficient resources, with an interesting history, on the basis of which it can offer to astrotourists original programs whose carrier should be Astronomical Society "Rudjer Boskovic" in collaboration with the Astronomical Observatory in Belgrade.

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Crabtree, Dennis. "A Bibliometric Analysis of Observatory Publications 2011-2015". EPJ Web of Conferences 186 (2018): 05001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201818605001.

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Bibliometrics are increasingly used as metrics to measure the performance of individuals, institutions and countries. Refereed publications are the primary output of modern observatories. In this paper, I use bibliometric techniques to examine the performance of astronomical observatories.

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Wolfschmidt, Gudrun. "“Route of astronomical observatories” project: Classical observatories from the Renaissance to the rise of astrophysics". Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 11, A29A (agosto 2015): 124–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921316002581.

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AbstractObservatories offer a good possibility for serial transnational applications. For example one can choose groups like baroque or neoclassical observatories, solar physics observatories or a group of observatories equipped with the same kind of instruments or made by famous firms. I will discuss what has been achieved and show examples, like the route of astronomical observatories, the transition from classical astronomy to modern astrophysics. I will also discuss why the implementation of the World Heritage & Astronomy initiative is difficult and why there are problems to nominate observatories for election in the national tentative lists.

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Carotenuto, Maria Rosalia, Ileana Chinnici e Donatella Randazzo. "Astronomical collections in Observatories: promoting preventive conservation". Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 15, S367 (dicembre 2019): 505–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921321000259.

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AbstractThe practice of preventive conservation of cultural heritage consists of “all measures and actions aimed at avoiding and minimizing future deterioration or loss” of it (ICOM-CC, 2008). Unlike conservation treatments, preventive conservation deals with entire collections and their surrounding environment. It is known that exposing historical objects to the environment has a significant impact on their degradation process. Studying and managing risk factors is an indispensable practice within the management policies of any cultural institution. The National Institute for Astrophysics (INAF) holds some valuable historical collections, heritage derived from the Italian contribution to astronomy over the centuries. The management and protection of these collections faces many challenges. A preventive conservation plan, aimed at assessing and managing risks that threaten the collections, may offer many long-term benefits, allowing us to use available resources in the best possible way. In the past few years INAF-Astronomical Observatory “G.S.Vaiana” of Palermo has been working on the development of preventive conservation projects for its archival, bibliographic and scientific heritage. The present contribution reports on these ongoing experiences and intends to stimulate a discussion within the scientific community in order to individuate the problems we are called to respond to in Astronomical Observatories.

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Peng, B., R. Nan, T. Piao, D. Jiang, Y. Su, R. G. Strom, S. Wu, X. Zhang, L. Zhu e X. Liu. "Radio Interference in Astronomical Observatories of China". Symposium - International Astronomical Union 196 (2001): 307–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900164277.

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We first very briefly introduce the major radio facilities for astronomical research in China, and then report on the present interference situation at major radio observatories. Some of the radio interference problems are caused by paging services, mobile phone satellites, telemetry services for power supply, waterpower and earthquake activity, or radar systems, but some causes are unknown. In the worst case, harmful to radio astronomy, the Sesan VLBI station has not been able to do any observations at 92 cm due to serious radio interference problems since 1992. Still more serious interference coming from satellites can be expected in the next decade. International efforts on frequency protection should be urgently pursued if ground-based radio astronomy is to survive.

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Muñoz-Tuñón, C., A. M. Varela e J. A. Castro-Almazán. "Astronomical Site Characterization at the Canarian Observatories". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 595 (8 aprile 2015): 012042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/595/1/012042.

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Tsvetkova, Katya, Milcho Tsvetkov e Ognyan Kounchev. "Photographic Plate Libraries at European Astronomical Observatories". Serdica Journal of Computing 6, n. 1 (29 giugno 2012): 19–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.55630/sjc.2012.6.19-34.

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This paper presents the efforts to organize photographic plate libraries at European astronomical observatories and institutions. The Wide-Field Plate Database project, launched in 1991, has been collecting data about the plates, including plate archives, plate index catalogue data extracted from the logbooks, and digitized plate images. Developing further the WFPDB project, we intend to complete the high-resolution digitization of the plates (in standardized FITS file format) and a suitable digitalization of the catalogues and logbooks (in JPEG and TIFF), with flatbed scanners, and also to organize links to the relevant scientific research papers. At present about 250000 plates have been digitized and await implementation of online access. The main idea is to build an Astro-Multimedia Library, based on the latest methods of Computer Science, in particular on Multiresolution Analysis techniques, which allow for efficient representation of image scans at different resolutions.

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Coughlin, Michael, Christopher Stubbs, Sergio Barrientos, Chuck Claver, Jan Harms, R. Chris Smith e Michael Warner. "Real-time earthquake warning for astronomical observatories". Experimental Astronomy 39, n. 2 (15 aprile 2015): 387–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10686-015-9454-1.

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Shulgin, P. M., O. E. Shtele e S. I. Murashkina. "Astronomical observatories included in the UNESCO World Heritage List". Heritage and Modern Times 4, n. 3 (23 novembre 2021): 343–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.52883/2619-0214-2021-4-3-343-355.

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The article analyses the World Heritage Center activities in the implementation of the pilot project "Astronomy and World Heritage. Thematic Initiative", which was launched in 2003. As part of this project, in 2010, 2019 and in 2021 five objects, related to the astronomical heritage were added to the World Heritage List. However, a detailed study of the UNESCO World Heritage List shows, that it already contains astronomical heritage objects (usually historical observatories), which fit there as part of complex nominations, for example, centers of historical cities or groups of architectural structures, concentrated on historical and cultural territory. Examples of astronomical heritage sites included in the UNESCO World Heritage List are described.

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Luginbuhl, Christian B. "Why Astronomy Needs Low-Pressure Sodium Lighting". Symposium - International Astronomical Union 196 (2001): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900163867.

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The damage to the dark-sky resource upon which ground-based astronomical observatories depend is substantial and increasing, even at what are considered premier dark-sky sites. Due to its nearly monochromatic output at the Na I resonance doublet near 589 nm, extensive use of low-pressure sodium (LPS) lighting in areas near astronomical observatories offers the potential preservation and even restoration of dark skies at other wavelengths, as well as minimal impact on the lighting needs of surrounding communities. Flagstaff, Arizona, with extensive use of LPS for general area lighting, has shown that this goal can be achieved.

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Udías, Agustín. "The Correspondence of Johann Georg Hagen, First Jesuit Director of the Vatican Observatory, with Directors of Jesuit Observatories". Journal of Jesuit Studies 3, n. 2 (1 marzo 2016): 259–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22141332-00302005.

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Johann Georg Hagen, the first Jesuit director of the Vatican Observatory, carried out an abundant correspondence with other directors of Jesuit observatories between 1906 and 1930. Letters of his correspondents preserved at the Vatican Observatory and a few of his letters at other observatories provide interesting information about the work and problems of Jesuit astronomical observatories at that time. Letters survive from observatories in Europe, North America, Asia, and Australia. A short presentation is given concerning the relationship between Hagen and the other directors and the contents of the correspondence.

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Tsvetkov, Milcho, Katya Tsvetkova e Nikolay Kirov. "Technology for Scanning Astronomical Photographic Plates". Serdica Journal of Computing 6, n. 1 (29 giugno 2012): 77–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.55630/sjc.2012.6.77-88.

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Here we describe the technology and the experience during the astronomical photographic plate digitization with flatbed EPSON scanners. More than 275000 plates in different observatories in Europe were digitized with such scanners last decade.

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Costero, R. "Light Pollution at the Astronomical Observatories in Mexico". International Astronomical Union Colloquium 112 (1991): 45–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100003663.

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There are three astronomical observatories in Mexico working on research programs. The oldest one is located at Tonantzintla, Puebla; the largest is at San Pedro Martir, Baja California; and the youngest, not yet in full operation, at Cananea, Sonora. The one at Tonantzintla suffers, by far, the largest light pollution problems; that at San Pedro Martir has the darkest skies but is relatively close to regions of potential touristic and mining developments. In this paper we summarize the existing and potential polluting problems arising from manmade light sources near those observatories, and suggest some possible steps to be taken in order to minimize their adverse effects on astronomical observations.

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Wang, Jingxiu. "Astronomy Research in China". Transactions of the International Astronomical Union 24, n. 3 (2001): 210–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0251107x00000778.

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AbstractDecades of efforts made by Chinese astronomers have established some basic facilities for astronomy observations, such as the 2.16-m optical telescope, the solar magnetic-field telescope, the 13.7-m millimeter-wave radio telescope etc. One mega-science project, the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST), intended for astronomical and astrophysical studies requiring wide fields and large samples, has been initiated and funded.To concentrate the efforts on mega-science projects, to operate and open the national astronomical facilities in a more effective way, and to foster the best astronomers and research groups, the National Astronomical Observatories (NAOs) has been coordinated and organizated. Four research centers, jointly sponsored by observatories of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and universities, have been established. Nine principal research fields have received enhanced support at NAOs. They are: large-scale structure of universe, formation and evolution of galaxies, high-energy and cataclysmic processes in astrophysics, star formation and evolution, solar magnetic activity and heliogeospace environment, astrogeodynamics, dynamics of celestial bodies in the solar system and artificial bodies, space-astronomy technology, and new astronomical techniques and methods.

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Xin, Ling. "Exploring other worlds". Physics World 34, n. 9 (1 dicembre 2021): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-7058/34/09/18.

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Vondrák, Jan, Cyril Ron e Ivan Pešek. "Survey of Observational Techniques and Hipparcos Reanalysis". International Astronomical Union Colloquium 178 (2000): 237–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100061376.

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AbstractPolar motion and Universal Time have been regularly determined since 1899 and 1956, respectively, at a number of observatories all over the world. Before the International Earth Rotation Service (IERS) was established in 1988, the classical astrometry instruments such as visual zenith-telescopes, PZTs, transit instruments, astrolabes etc. were used. The survey of all these instruments and the methods of observation used is described. The values of instantaneous latitude and UT0-UTC made at a set of selected observatories and based on individual star observations have been collected at the Astronomical Institute in Prague during the past years. They were recalculated using the most recent astronomical standards and the Hipparcos Catalogue, and used to determine the Earth orientation parameters (polar motion, celestial pole offsets and Universal Time). The most recent solution, based on about 4.5 million observations with 47 different instruments at 33 observatories, is described and the results of polar motion presented.

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Yan, Yan, Zhan-Le Du, Hua-Ning Wang, Han He, Juan Guo, Xin Huang, Xiao-Shuai Zhu, Xing-Hua Dai e Gang-Hua Lin. "Decades of Chinese Solar and Geophysical Data". Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 13, S340 (febbraio 2018): 71–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921318001916.

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AbstractThe Chinese Solar and Geophysical Data (CSGD) was first issued at the Beijing Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences (now the headquarter of the National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences) in 1971, when China’s satellite-industry was booming. CSGD covers the observational data (observations of the sunspots, solar flares, solar radio bursts, ionospheric storm and geomagnetic storm) from a couple of domestic observatories and the forecast data. The compiler of CSGD still keeps the data exchange with other institutes worldwide. The type of the dataset includes texts, tables, figures and so on. Up to now, we have electronized all the historic archives, making them easily accessible to people who are interested in them.

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Watanabe, Junichi. "STAR WEEK: A Successful Campaign in Japan". Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 5, S260 (gennaio 2009): 758–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921311003140.

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AbstractA campaign of the Star Week, set as August 1 – 7, has been started in 1995 throughout various life-learning facilities. Astronomical facilities including planetariums, science museums, and public observatories has been participating in this campaign, together with amateur astronomers clubs or private observatories. More than 300 astronomical events such as star watching parties were coordinated for general public every year. The Star Week has been grown up to one of the most successful campaigns not only for for astronomy but also for basic sciences in Japan over this 15 years. In this paper, a brief history and the present status of the Star Week are introduced together with the with some statistics.

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Genova, Françoise, Raymond P. Norris, M. S. Bessel, O. Dluzhnevskaia, H. Jenkner, O. Malkov, F. Murtagh et al. "COMMISSION 5: Documentation and Astronomical Data". Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 1, T26A (dicembre 2005): 327–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921306004789.

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AbstractThe triennial report of Commission V Documentation and Astronomical Data/Documentation et Données Astronomiques covers 2002–2005 activities, and in particular the activities of the five Working Groups: Working Group Astronomical Data; Working Group Designations; Working Group Libraries; Working Group FITS; Working Group Virtual Observatories; and of Task Force for the Preservation and Digitization of Photographic Plates.

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Cotte, M. "Astronomical Observatories related to the World Heritage List". Heritage and Modern Times 4, n. 2 (12 luglio 2021): 160–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.52883/2619-0214-2021-4-2-160-176.

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The article examines the existing relationship between two important concepts, but which are different a priori. First is the heritage of astronomy, generally associated with modern European science and its development through the construction of aseries of famous observatories with large fixedinstruments, all along lgth - 20th centuries. Second is the successful implementation of the World Heritage convention from around 50 years, with its famous List of heritage sites, monuments, ancient cities and landscapes.The article shows the relatively limited number, but already notable, of places nowadays registered on the World Heritage List or even sometime places aiming to be nominated for next years. Additional questions raise, asked by a partnership between Astronomy and World Heritage List; e.g.: the existing astronomical heritage from ancient civilizaions or indigenous societies; astronomy as associated value of broader nominations including classical heritage as palaces, monuments, historical cities and etc. In conclusion, we shortly examine the perspectives of the joint field of Astronomy and World Heritage.

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Roberts, Jr., Lewis C., e L. William Bradford. "Improved upper winds models for several astronomical observatories". Optics Express 19, n. 2 (6 gennaio 2011): 820. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.19.000820.

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CHINNICI, ILEANA. "19TH CENTURY SPECTROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS IN ITALIAN ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATORIES". Nuncius 15, n. 2 (2000): 671–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/182539100x00092.

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Abstracttitle RIASSUNTO /title Questo paper esamina l'attivit di ricerca condotta in Italia nella seconda met del XIX secolo nel campo della nascente astrofisica, soffermandosi sugli strumenti allora utilizzati dai principali esponenti di questa disciplina e sui costruttori italiani di strumenti spettroscopici. Si tenta quindi di dare una spiegazione della debolezza dell'industria italiana in questo settore che si inquadra nella crisi generale del settore degli strumenti scientifici nel XIX secolo in Italia.

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CHINNICI, ILEANA. "19TH CENTURY SPECTROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS IN ITALIAN ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATORIES". Nuncius 15, n. 2 (1 gennaio 2000): 671–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221058700x00096.

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Grijs, Richard de. "ASTRONOMICAL TENT OBSERVATORIES: RELICS OF A BYGONE ERA". Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage 26, n. 1 (1 marzo 2023): 159–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1440-2807.2023.01.08.

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Cui, Chenzhou, Boliang He, Jian Xiao, Ce Yu, Jian Li, Zihuang Cao, Liying Su et al. "Data Resources and Services at CAsDC". Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 9, S298 (maggio 2013): 401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921313006686.

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AbstractThe Chinese Astronomical Data Center (CAsDC) is a member of World Data System, hosted at National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences(NAOC). The CAsDC keeps close collaboration with IVOA, WDS and CODATA. The whole set of LAMOST data, including raw data and data products, are hosted at the CAsDC. Data resources and services of the CAsDC are introduced.

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41

Castro Tirado, M. A. "ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATORIES: FROM THE PREHISTORY TO THE XVIII CENTURY". Revista Mexicana de Astronomía y Astrofísica Serie de Conferencias 51 (13 aprile 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/ia.14052059p.2019.51.02.

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We describe the development of astronomical observatories since the prehistory until the late XVIII century, and how an evolution of several millennia took us from very elementary structures to buildings hosting telescopes and domes in which science was the fundamental, but not the only motivation.

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42

McCutcheon, Robert A. "The 1936-1937 Purge of Soviet Astronomers". Slavic Review 50, n. 1 (1991): 100–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2500602.

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More than two dozen Soviet astronomers were arrested between March 1936 and July 1937. Few astronomers or historians are aware of the extent to which Soviet astronomy was devastated. This article investigates the situation in astronomy during these two years. It begins with a brief discussion of Soviet astronomy between 1917 and 1935 and continues with a detailed examination of the events that served as the catalyst for the purge, the arrests themselves, and a discussion of what is known about the fates of the victims.In the mid-1930s the Soviet Union had approximately two hundred professional astronomers and sixteen astronomical observatories, most of which were associated with universities and had staffs of only two or three people. The most important and best equipped astronomical institution was the Central Astronomical Observatory of the USSR at Pulkovo, just outside Leningrad, with its branch observatories at Nikolaev and Simeis in the Ukraine. In 1935 thirty-three astronomers worked at Pulkovo.

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Yunfen, Zhou. "Library and Information Services in Chinese Astronomy". International Astronomical Union Colloquium 110 (1989): 219–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s025292110000347x.

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The development of the library science marks the progresses of science and culture in a country or a district. The study courses and results of a research institute are strongly reflected by its library and information work. The development of the astronomical research, the collection of astronomical observations, and the manufacture of astronomical instruments and equipments, etc., are all being made progress by library and information services to consult scientific foundation, to seek method, and to derive needed nourishment. The astronomical library and information service system is growing and expanding with continuously providing information to the astronomical study. In this paper I shall give some introductions about the Libraries and Information Divisions of astronomical observatories in our country.

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Heck, A., e J. L. Halbwachs. "Astronomical Directories". International Astronomical Union Colloquium 110 (1989): 97–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100003067.

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Astronomical directories are available as CDS Special Publications. They provide practical data that one seeks to have always at one’s disposal on astronomical organizations and related items of interest.Over the years, these directories have proved to be very effective tools not only for improving national and international relationships in amateur and professional astronomy, but also for helping amateur astronomers, laypersons and public bodies to easily contact astronomical organizations as the need arises.IDPAI 1989 (CDS Special Publication 12 - about 500 pages) will be the second edition of the International Directory of Professional Astronomical Institutions. It will gather more than 2600 entries from about 80 countries: professional astronomical observatories and institutions; organizations, universities, departments, groups or companies employing astronomers or researchers in astronomy; related entries of general interest: IAU adhering organizations, professional associations, funding organizations, academies, as well as bibliographical services, software producers, journals, publishers, manufacturers, dealers, etc.

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Dela Cruz, Ruby Ann B., e Princess Tucio. "Review of potential astronomical optical observatory sites in the Philippines". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 880, n. 1 (1 ottobre 2021): 012008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/880/1/012008.

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Abstract The Philippines is an archipelago of more than 7,600 islands with many geographical features such as mountain ranges, seas, and plains. The country has fairly developed cities that are now experiencing various kinds of pollution at different levels and intensities. Highly developed urban areas are brightly lit and are currently experiencing worsening light pollution. Despite this, the two biggest telescopes in the country are still installed in two observatories right in the country’s capital city where light pollution is at its worst. This paper aims to identify several locations away from light pollution in the islands of Luzon, the biggest island in the Philippines, and the island of Palawan, where optical astronomical observatories may be built. The locations are chosen by studying the comparative light pollution scales in the various locations. The topography of the place and meteorological data such as temperature, humidity, and precipitation are likewise studied and considered as factors. Included in these factors is the fact that both the islands of Luzon and Palawan experience several typhoons every year, while earthquakes occur anywhere in the archipelago. For this reason, the observatories to be built must be designed to withstand Category 5 typhoons and strong magnitude 7 to 8 earthquakes. The results of the study identify the places on the island of Palawan and in northern Luzon which are good dark sites for the establishment of optical astronomy observatories. These locations can be declared as protected and developed as dark-sky sites dedicated to the study of Astronomy.

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Cottrell, P. L. "New Zealand Astronomy in the 1990s". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia 9, n. 1 (1991): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1323358000024917.

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AbstractThere has been a dramatic increase in astronomical research output in New Zealand over the last decade. This is set to increase with the advent of a number of new pieces of astronomical hardware over the last five years. These include the 1m telescope and associated instrumentation at Mount John and the JANZOS collaboration, with its instrumentation on Black Birch. Black Birch is also the site of the US Naval Observatory’s southern hemisphere astrometric station, where, using a transit circle instrument, they are collecting data which will form part of the International Reference Star Catalogue. As well as these ‘professional’ programs there is also a large network of amateur astronomers, who can provide extremely useful input into certain astronomical programs at the various observatories around the country and the world.A brief overview of the existing New Zealand astronomical scene will be followed by discussion of a number of new initiatives being proposed, which includes an automatic patrol telescope being developed by Carter Observatory, an expansion of the JANZOS collaboration and initial discussion about the possibility of an eastern arm for the Australia Telescope some where in New Zealand. In addition, for programs which require a long timebase of observations, extreme southerly latitudes or longitudinal coverage, New Zealand could provide a unique opportunity.

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Planesas, Pere. "Reconstructing the astronomical heritage". Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 5, S260 (gennaio 2009): 510–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921311002766.

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AbstractStudies of the astronomical heritage can deal with the ancient astronomical knowledge, traditions and myths, as well as with old instruments and observatories. It is urgent to work for their recovery, before they are definitely forgoten, lost or destroyed. On the cultural side, the Joint ALMA Observatory is sponsoring the study of the local cosmology and sky of the indigenous people living in the region where ALMA is currently being build. In the case of ancient instruments, several success stories already exist, the most recent one being the reconstruction of the Madrid 25ft Herschel telescope. Examples of notable instruments pending reconstruction are listed.

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Bochkarev, Nikolai G. "Astronomy and Astronomical Education in the FSU". Transactions of the International Astronomical Union 24, n. 3 (2001): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0251107x00000699.

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The current situation in astronomy and astronomical education over the territory of the Former Soviet Union is traced. New facilities for radio-astronomy are being put into work – the most important of them being the two coupled 32-m dishes, VLBI network “Quasar”; a number of observatories are acquiring an international status (in the frame of CIS); The Internet is becoming available for an increasing number of astronomical institutions. Azerbaijan astronomers have overcome their isolation from the rest of the world and cooperate actively with the astronomical community.

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49

Chassefière, Eric. "Obstacles encountered by four major European astronomical observatories belonging to academies in the 18th century". Journal for the History of Astronomy 52, n. 4 (novembre 2021): 414–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00218286211052194.

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It is known that, in the first half of the 18th century, the conditions for astronomy at the Imperial Observatory of St-Petersburg, directed by Joseph-Nicolas Delisle, were comparable to those enjoyed by astronomers at the royal observatories of Paris and Greenwich created in the previous century. But what about the public observatories created in the first half of the 18th century in Berlin, Uppsala and Bologna? The rich correspondence maintained by Joseph-Nicolas Delisle with the astronomers working in these observatories provides elements of an answer to this question. It also provides more precise information on Delisle’s working conditions at the St-Petersburg Observatory. In this article, we present a comparative analysis of the obstacles encountered by astronomers at these different observatories, and the particular contexts in which they operated, including a breakdown by observatory of salaries and expenditure on astronomy equipment.

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Lyman, Ryan, Tiziana Cherubini e Steven Businger. "Forecasting seeing for the Maunakea Observatories". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 496, n. 4 (30 giugno 2020): 4734–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa1787.

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ABSTRACT Optical turbulence greatly impacts the range and quality of astronomical observations. Advanced knowledge of the expected atmospheric optical turbulence provides important guidance that helps astronomers decide which instrument to schedule and enables them to optimize the adaptive optics technology that improves image resolution. Along with forecasts of weather conditions, prediction of the optical observing quality on the Maunakea summit has been a goal for the Maunakea Weather Center (MKWC) since its inception more than 20 yr ago. Forecasting optical turbulence, and its derivative, ‘seeing’, has proven to be quite challenging because optical turbulence is too small and complex to directly capture with a regional weather model. Fortunately, the permanent installation of a Differential Image Motion Monitor (DIMM) and Multi-Aperture Scintillation Sensor (MASS) at the summit of Maunakea has made seeing observations available during the last decade, providing valuable feedback to the MKWC. This paper summarizes the experience at MKWC in anticipating optical turbulence for the summit of Maunakea accrued through years of daily operational forecasting, and continuous comparison between MKWC official forecasts, model guidance, and observational measures of seeing. Access to a decade seeing observations has allowed quantification the factors that impact seeing, including wind shear, atmospheric stability patterns, and optical turbulence, and to document the seasonal and intra-seasonal variations in seeing. Consequently, the combination of experience gained, and custom model guidance has led to more accurate seeing forecasts (rms errors averaging <0.25 arcsec since 2012) for the Maunakea astronomical observatories.

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