Tesi sul tema "Assistance technologique"
Cita una fonte nei formati APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard e in molti altri stili
Vedi i top-50 saggi (tesi di laurea o di dottorato) per l'attività di ricerca sul tema "Assistance technologique".
Accanto a ogni fonte nell'elenco di riferimenti c'è un pulsante "Aggiungi alla bibliografia". Premilo e genereremo automaticamente la citazione bibliografica dell'opera scelta nello stile citazionale di cui hai bisogno: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver ecc.
Puoi anche scaricare il testo completo della pubblicazione scientifica nel formato .pdf e leggere online l'abstract (il sommario) dell'opera se è presente nei metadati.
Vedi le tesi di molte aree scientifiche e compila una bibliografia corretta.
Nedjah, Issam. "La coopération scientifique et technologique entre l'Union européenne et l'Algérie". Nice, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NICE0029.
Testo completoEvery study ever done on the Euro-Algerian cooperation, were especially interested in its political and economic. Today, science is a pillar of the modern economy. Indeed, the knowledge economy is a reality we can not ignore. To have an economy strong, prosperous, we must encourage scientific research and technology transfer. Hence the interest of our research. In this study, we worked on the emphasis on scientific cooperation in the association agreement signed between the EU and Algeria in 2005, in the framework of Barcelona process, reinforced by the project of the Union for the Mediterranean. We highlighted three keys points: Firstly, we explained the evolution of Euro-Algerian relations, the situation of scientific research and technological development in Algeria, as well as reforms in the Algerian university and public enterprises, and the European contribution in international scientific cooperation. Then we studied the content of scientific and technological cooperation proposed by the EU Algeria, according to Article 51 of the association agreement; it is of academic cooperation and technology transfer. Finally, we stressed the limits of such cooperation : EU enlargement to the CEECs and the failure of the Barcelona process
CHETOUANE, MOHAMED AREZ. "Transfert et maîtrise technologiques : étude de l'expérience des entreprises algériennes". Rouen, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ROUEL061.
Testo completoThis document deals with the experience of Algerian companies in technology transfer and competence. In Algeria, technology transfer was presented as a method for getting the ambitious project if industrialisation into action quickly. State-owned companies immediately imported on a massive scale, the industrial complexes which make up the modern economic units of the major industrialised capitalist countries. This insertion into the international technology markets relegated the home technological activities to the background. All the methods used for the buying of technology have lead to the same result : transfer oten with no technological support. After twenty years of intense industrialisation, the proof is that the state-owned companies have not yet sufficient competence of the technology. The companies still need the help of the suppliers of the technology in order to exploit the production units. This dependancy is in contrast to the situation of the country at the moment which is undergoing a severe reduction in the available financial resources. This situation hase came about from the technology policy which did not take into account the selting up of favourable conditions for a real technological apprenticeship. Such an apprenticeship, which is part of a long term process, consists in helping the development of the home technological activities
Rault-Jacquot, Valérie. "Contribution à la valorisation du patrimoine technologique de l'entreprise : proposition d'une approche de l'inventaire et de l'évaluation des compétences". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1993. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1993_RAULT_JACQUOT_V.pdf.
Testo completoBoudin, Bertrand. "L'acceptation des nouvelles technologies par les personnes agées". Thesis, Lyon 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO20129/document.
Testo completoIn the next thirty years the baby boomers are going to reach the third age and participate in the ageing of the whole French society. But no one can guarantee that their massive need of assistance and care will be provided. Information and communication technologies have the potential to help the elderly but only if they accept it. The aim of this thesis is to build a tool to assess the acceptance of these technologies and to predict their use. The scientific literature analysis revealed that the technology acceptance model proposed by Davis in 1989 had all the required qualities to build this tool. This model shows itself parsimonius and well documented but only existed in English. According to the literature the most widespread technology among the dependent elderly was the warning alarm. Thus, it was decided to translate into French, to adapt and to validate a questionnaire stemming from the technology acceptance model to predict the use of the warning alarm by dependent elderly. Four studies were thus led, the first consisted in a series of qualitative interviews, the second used a paper a pencil questionnaire, and both last ones in a phone questionnaire. This work ended in a ten items instrument with acceptable psychometric properties. The technology acceptance model works as expected and thus it is possible to predict the use of the remote alarm by dependent elderly. However, two shortcomings have to qualify these results, first the studies presented are cross-sectional which prevents from testing predictive validity, second the amount of explained variance by the questionnaire in French is limited compared with the published results. Finally, the model need to incorporate elderly specific constructs in order to make more accurate predictions
Hajjine, Bouchta. "Conception, réalisation et intégration technologique d'un patch électronique : application à la surveillance des personnes âgées". Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ISAT0002/document.
Testo completo30 % of the French population being over the age of 60 years in 2035, the notion of accompaniment of the elderly dependence is a societal challenge with the imperative of risks prevention at home. It is in this context, with the arrival of the technologies of integration and the IoT that we undertook to conceive and realize a miniature electronic patch capable of geolocalization to trigger alarms in the case of fugue, fall or wandering. A challenge is the design of antennas on flexible substrates as key elements of the functions of geolocalization and charging by induction. A modeling work allowed the optimization of printed antennas presenting a good compromise integration / performance. A technological process in the cleanroom was developed to carry out bilayers antennas on flexible substrate (polyimide). Several prototypes of complete patch were tested and validated in the EHPAD center
Mesana, Thìerry. "Assistance ventriculaire gauche hérétotopique par pompes rotatives : aspects méthodologiques, technologiques et cliniques". Aix-Marseille 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX21906.
Testo completoBelahcene, Saïd. "Industrialisation et transferts technologiques : l'exemple algérien". Paris 8, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA080361.
Testo completoIt is from the industrial revolution that the world's bipolarization was been determined in a center with industrial economic and peripheral countries with under-industrial economic, specialized in primary matter production and agricol product necessary to the industrial expansion and to the capital accumulation of the center. Conscious of this exploitation for and this dependance which come from the terms of trade change deterioration, the peripheral countries looked the industrialization-like the only way to their economic and social development. The industrialization became, in that moment, the central nucleus of the economic analysis. In this way, several theories of economic growth and economic development are developed and organized, form 1950, to permit the underdeveloped countries to determine their industrial policy (import substitution, promotion of manufactured exports, heavy industries) and their technological policy (labour-intensive or capital-intensive). This, as soon as algeria tooks her independence, her economic policy was tending towards a strategy of heavy industries with high capital-intensive. To realize this objective, the international societies concourse was necessary not only financially but also for the technological transfert as well. This policy was bound to fail in that algeria wanted to have an independent economic, but she, paradoxically, was found her economy between four dependances which have accentuated, now, the economic and social crisis of the country
Masclet, Cédric. "Vers une assistance à la synthèse de dispositifs technologiques assurant une liaison mécanique". Phd thesis, INSA de Toulouse, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008049.
Testo completoOuattara, Nama. "Bailleurs émergents et financements du développement : le cas de la Chine en Afrique Subsaharienne". Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA111012.
Testo completoWith globalization, the concept of development has gradually evolved into logic of a more or less controlled opening to the outside world, guided by the liberalization of economic, diplomatic and cultural exchanges. The evolution of international relations marked by this opening strategy has gradually induced a transformation of global geopolitics. New economic powers are emerging and reviving an interest around the financing of development in low-income countries. In this regard, the case of China, which is carefully building relations with African countries, challenges us. Therefore, this thesis takes a look at the intensification of Sino-African relations in the context of development finance. Starting from the theoretical framework for the relationship between openness and growth, it aims to demonstrate how the successful experience of China's opening to the rest of the world can be an asset to the economies of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). In particular, our argument is based on qualitative and quantitative analysis conducted on a sample of ten SSA countries. It also highlights how the strengthening of China-Africa relations, through an increase in trade, investment and aid flows, contributes to the financing of development
Bendaoud, Salah-Eddine. "Transfert international de technologie informatique dans le cadre d'un projet de coopération institutionnelle /". Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1990. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Testo completoCherifi, Nadir. "Assistance au développement de logiciels embarqués contraints en énergie". Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1I036/document.
Testo completoThe designation under the term Internet of Things brings together a vast array of different connected systems.A significant number of these objects do not have a continuous power supply and are therefore supplied with batteries. In addition, we can list multiple use cases where the recharging of the battery is difficult or impossible (e.g. a buried object for structures monitoring). As a result, the energetic aspect represents a primary constraint to be taken into account by the developers when designing the embedded application on the object. The work issue consists in placing energy as a hard resource during the development phase by providing assistance and help to the developers in the management of this complex resource. We propose as a solution a methodology and tools to support the activities of the embedded developer in a constrained energy environment. We assert that the ability to accurately measure and track the energy consumption of a connected object and then correlate it to the underlying software can improve overall energy efficiency by implementing best practices related to use of the different hardware components. To achieve this goal, we base our work on a hardware energy measurement method able of providing accurate consumption figures. We than build an energy profiling and cartography framework of embedded software to help the developer understand the energy behavior of his application
Habhouba, Dounia. "Assistance à la prise de decision dans le processus de modification d'un produit en utilisant la technologie "Agent logiciel"". Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2008. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1826.
Testo completoEl, Messari Bouzid. "Les contrats de fourniture, de savoir-faire et d'assistance technique". Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR30007.
Testo completoThe contracts of know-how supply and technical assistance are new contracts stemming from contractual practice. These are the least known and the least usual forms in the international technics'transfer. Because of the heterogeneity and the complexity of their content, it's more and more difficult to give about it a quite precise juridical definition. As a matter of fact, not one of the definitions already found is really complete. Searching for the juridical nature of these contracts imply that we must first determine to which juridical order they belong ; this fact lead up to another problem, because the necessity to refer to different juridical forms, and even antithetic, proves the ambiguity to kink up these contracts to a quite definited juridical category. Then, going into their content, we take notice of waried obligations which devolve on both sides. Their performance not only suppose the complete sincerity and goodwill of the contracting parties, but also contracts'clauses very precise. Now, the contractual practice is very far from confirming the respect of these conditions, which are indispensable for the success in technological transfering. That is why, during all the development, we have tried to search if the supplier's obligations answer at once and the same time to the subject matter of the contract and to the implicit needs of the receiver; but unfortunately, we have noted that the obligations performance doesn't work without bringing critical problems. Indeed, this case seems to prevent not only the needs'satisfaction of the receiver, but also to achieve his aim : self-production. Moreover, we have mentioned the absence of serious guarantees which must be gived by the economic supplier agent. Like this, only the means obligations are considered in this type of contract, when the results obligations are expressly excluded. Obviously, there are some gaps in these two types of contracts, which can be filled only if the supplier takes into consideration receiver interest
Fouquart, Julie. "Transferts de technologie et coopération décentralisée entre la France et la Chine dans le domaine des nouvelles technologies de l'énergie : la place de l'intelligence du territoire". Nice, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NICE0017.
Testo completoIn order to maintain its economic growth, essential to its social stability and to the Party survival, China has to meet its exponential energy needs, which make it dependent on coal (3/4 of its energy mix) and oil imports. The stakes in terms of energy security, environment and climate, add to the urgency to develop a more sustainable, innovative and higher value-added growth model. Therefore China is investing heavily in new and renewable energy technologies- contributing to a 'green recovery' of the post-crisis economy, and do so, according to its traditional policy of techno-nationalism and the new credo of "indigenous innovation". If the legacy of the past still weighs, pockets of competitiveness emerge at the territorial level, where local governments, largely autonomous if not arbitrary, are able to stimulate and enrich the national efforts. Considering the apparent opportunities, national and local, offered by China energy development, French companies and technology players have a role to perform in providing technology and knowledge, all the more that ‘’energy’’ has become a priority theme for the Sino-French relationship with agreements on climate change, sustainable urban development and nuclear energy in 2007. Nevertheless, the issues of technology transfer and competitiveness arise therefore. China has indeed, since its opening, sought to acquire foreign competencies by any means, shaping a system that integrates its industrial policy as well as the role of scientific cooperation or the one of overseas Chinese; nowadays moreover the government tightens its market access conditions. Given the potential risks of technology and knowledge leakage, French energy companies, to remain competitive, might implement a business intelligence policy, optimally at the Chinese territory level. . .
Andolfatto, Loïc. "Assistance à l'élaboration de gammes d'assemblage innovantes de structures composites". Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01062127.
Testo completoToung, Nzue Jérôme. "Transferts de technologie et développement en Afrique : Stratégies d'acteurs et relations de pouvoir dans la coopération scientifique et technique Franco-Gabonaise". Rouen, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ROUEL267.
Testo completoSIQUEIRA, PAULO CESAR. "La recherche sous contrat en europe. L'action des societes francaise et leur environnement". Paris, CNAM, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999CNAM0351.
Testo completoDupuy, Lucile. "Conception et validation d'une assistance numérique domiciliaire pour la personne âgée en perte d'autonomie". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0422/document.
Testo completoWith the increase of life expectancy, aging in place is today a major concern for developed and emerging countries. Among the key solutions to explore, gerontechnologies are seen as the most promising. However, their evidence-based efficacy remains to be demonstrated for independent living or even for their usability and acceptance by the targeted old users. In this context, a user-centered conception methodology has been implemented for designing a multi-task and multi-domain (supporting everyday activities, safety, and social participation) assisted living platform targeting frail older adults with functional decline. This platform is named HomeAssist. Based on an analysis of physical, cognitive and fonctional abilities (study 1) and assistive technology needs (study 2) of our sample, HomeAssist has been designed with the originality of providing multi-domain services. Indeed, HomeAssist proposes an activity monitoring system to provide context-aware assistance (study 3), and a unified human-computer interaction system (study 4); while promoting self-determination (study 5). Results underpined the reliability of our activity monitoring system, and reinforced the rationale of our design principles, concerning the unified interaction system and the self-determination support. Notably, positive outcomes in terms of usability and acceptance of the system, as well as benefits concerning users’ feeling of self-determination have been obtained. From this, a last study (study 6) evaluated the benefits from a six-month use of HomeAssist, on functional abilities of frail older adults and caregiver burden. A positive effect of HomeAssist on functional status was obtained (“protective” effect reported by the professional caregivers), as well as a reduction of objective dimension of caregiver burden. Taken together, the results from these pilot studies are encouraging and open numerous research perspectives with high societal impact concerning the promotion of aging in place
Ghassemi, Youssef. "Les compléments de l'invention concédée : savoir faire, perfectionnement et assistance technique". Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA111003.
Testo completoThe internal R&D is increasingly expensive and its effectiveness in terms of commercialization success islimited. Patent licenses are undoubtedly a powerful tool to maintain business competitiveness, especially in hightechnology sectors such as biotechnology and nanotechnology. The practice shows that, to ensure effectivetechnology transfers, patent licenses are most often accompanied by accessory obligations on know-how,improvements and technical assistance. Interpretation and implementing rules of these obligations are the sourceof many issues of practical and theoretical importance. On the one hand, the notions of know-how, improvementand technical assistance are difficult to define. On the other hand, the extent of the parties’ obligations as to the“complements” of the licensed invention is uncertain. It is crucial to understand the economics of patentlicensing agreements to provide legal solutions and practical measures. This is to determine the legal purpose ofthe license, as it has been agreed by the parties. Do they contemplate a simple authorization for the “execution”of the invention according to the description? Do they seek, instead, a transfer of control of the patentedtechnology allowing optimum “exploitation” of the invention? Under U.S. law, in the absence of an expresscontractual stipulation, rights to know-how, improvements and technical assistance cannot be taken for granted.According to French law, unless otherwise provided in the contract, the licensor is obligated to supply, in case ofinequality of information between the parties, all “complements” which are indispensable for “an effective andserious exploitation” of the licensed invention
Lebis, Alexis. "Capitaliser les processus d'analyse de traces d'apprentissage : modélisation ontologique & assistance à la réutilisation". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS523.
Testo completoThis thesis in computer science focuses on the problem of capitalizing analysis processes of elearning traces within the Learning Analytics (LA) community. The aim is to allow these analysis processes to be shared, adapted and reused. Currently, this capitalization is limited by two important factors: the analysis processes are dependent on the analysis tools that implement them - their technical context - and the pedagogical context for which they are conducted. This prevents them from being shared, but also from being simply reused outside their original contexts, even if the new contexts are similar. The objective of this thesis is to provide models and methods for the capitalisation of analysis processes of elearning traces, as well as to assist the various actors involved in the analysis, particularly during the reuse phase. To do this, we answer the following three scientific questions: how to share and combine analysis processes implemented in different analysis tools; how to reuse an existing analysis process to meet another analysis need; how to assist the different actors in the development and exploitation of analysis processes; and how to support them in the development and exploitation of analysis processes. Our first contribution, resulting from a synthesis of the state of the art, is the formalization of a cycle of elaboration and exploitation of the analysis processes, in order to define the different stages, the different actors and their different roles. This formalization is accompanied by a definition of capitalization and its properties. Our second contribution responds to the first barrier related to the technical dependence of current analysis processes and their sharing. We propose a meta-model that allows to describe the analysis processes independently of the analysis tools. This meta-model formalizes the description of the operations used in the analysis processes, the processes themselves and the traces used, in order to avoid the technical constraints caused by these tools. This formalism, common to the analysis processes, also makes it possible to consider their sharing. It has been implemented and evaluated in one of our prototypes. Our third contribution deals with the second lock on the reuse of analysis processes. We propose an ontological framework for analysis processes, which allows semantic elements to be directly introduced, in a structured way, during the description of analysis processes. This narrative approach thus enriches the previous formalism and makes it possible to satisfy the properties of understanding, adaptation and reuse necessary for capitalisation. This ontological approach was implemented and evaluated in another of our prototypes. Finally, our last contribution responds to the last lock identified and concerns new assistances to actors, in particular a new method of researching analysis processes, based on our previous proposals. We use the ontological framework of the narrative approach to define inference rules and heuristics to reason about the analysis processes as a whole (e.g. steps, configurations) during the research. We also use the semantic network underlying this ontological modeling to strengthen assistance to actors by providing them with inspection and understanding tools during the research. This assistance was implemented in one of our prototypes, and empirically evaluated
Enembreck, Fabricio. "Contribution à la conception d'agents assistants personnels adaptatifs". Compiègne, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003COMP1478.
Testo completoLn this thesis we study the developpement of personnal assistant agents. We have developped some mecanisms allowing the implementation of the conceptual models proposed by Ramos (2000). We stress the importance of the adaptativity of these models to the user's actions. During the developpement of the work we perceived that common methods of adaptation are not good enough for adaptative personal assistant agents. Thus, we introduced a new leaming approach (ELA) that has been evaluated and whose results are quite good. Our work ends up with a study allowing the integration of the different representations developed in the prototypes. We have designed a multi-agent representation for managing the different dynamic representations of the user with distributed leaming agents. This representation is modeled by a generic personalized multi-agent system architecture (SMAP) solving the problems introduced by Ramos' centralized architecture and allowing personalization
Gless, Henri-Jean. "Vers une conception architecturale BIM-agile : proposition d’un ensemble de pratiques collaboratives en vue d’une meilleure appropriation de la technologie BIM". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0033/document.
Testo completoThe question of digital transition is a key issue in architectural design. The objective of our research is to propose collaborative practices to facilitate this digital transition. We focus on so-called "agile" practices to improve communication and coordination between architects, engineers or project owner. These practices must allow these actors to exchange their architectural intentions and evaluate them while ensuring that their proposals are satisfactory concerning the client's needs. These practices consist in collaboratively filling out a book of intentions, requiring confrontations of opinions, playing a card game obliging all designers to speak out, holding short, daily meetings to explain their progress or being a coach, whose objective is to make life easier for their employees
Delépine, Ludovic. "L'assistance à la navigation hyperdocumentaire : un assistant logiciel d'aide à la recherche de documents visités par un lecteur dans le contexte du Web : une approche sémio-technologique". Dijon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003DIJOS009.
Testo completoKhaddaj, Mallat Hady. "Un système pour aider les personnes âgées en cas d’urgence en se servant de réseau bénévole". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8775.
Testo completoSablier, Juliette. "Développement d'assistants technologiques cognitifs pour la schizophrénie : favoriser l’autonomie et l’adhésion au traitement". Thesis, Lyon 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO20057/document.
Testo completoBackground. Cognitive impairments in schizophrenia (SCZ) lead to a negative functional outcome. Especially, executive deficits are associated with difficulties in achieving Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and treatment adherence. Assistive Technologies for Cognition (ATC), first concieved for neurological disease, could be used as tools of cognitive remediation in SCZ, to complete the action of antipsychotics.Objective. Our clinical aim was to enhance the autonomy and adherence of SCZ people with the use of two ATCs: Mobus and DoPill. Our technological aim was to investigate whether SCZ patients would be able to use such ATCs.Methods. Outpatients diagnosed with SCZ according to DSM-IV criteria tested Mobus in three studies. This application, implemented in smart phones, provides ADL recall. In addition, patients can report self-experiences anywhere at anytime. In the third study, another ATC, the DoPill, was tested. This smart pill dispenser alerts the patient when it’s time to take medication. Sensors detect when pills are taken out. Information about ADL’s execution, self-experiences and adherence, are ecologically registered by Mobus and DoPill and remotely available for caregivers via Internet.Results. Our three studies allowed to improve Mobus and DoPill in order to make them the most suitable to the needs of SCZ people. Furthermore, Mobus enhanced some planning skills of the participants, whose adherence as well progressed with the use of DoPill. Nevertheless, these findings have to be reproduced, as we found only weak significance. Conclusion. A close collaboration between the patient, the caregiver and the programmer is essential for developing ATC. This teamwork is necessary for technical issues, but also for ethical concerns. Indeed, ATC are not meant to isolate people by replacing the human element of relatives and caregivers by a machine. On the contrary, they offer a sense of security and are aimed at accompanying the patient in his/her social rehabilitation
El, Guedria Sgaier Zina. "Assistance à la recherche documentaire par une approche adaptative à base d’agents et d’artefacts". Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMIR24/document.
Testo completoThe development and multiplication of information systems and platforms for information access has been accentuated over the past thirty years. The large volume of information available has raised many scientific challenges in different areas such as information retrieval. To access documents grouped in a digital corpus, one must be able to express his/her information need, often in the form of a query, to associate the relevant documents and present them in the best possible way to users. Document research in a thematic digital corpus presenting a high level of technicality in the concerned discipline can be considered as a browsing process driven by some information needs. Such browses requires the use of traditional information retrieval tools to select relevant documents based on a query But they can be improved by the use of customization and adaptation mechanisms in order to refine the representation of information needs according to the specificities of a user, his current browsing or the corpus considered. Indeed, access to digital documents raises problems related to the search for information, the visualization of the results of a query and the browsing between the documents. The process of information retrieval requires to be improved and especially by the integration of the user as a main factor to take into account in the search for satisfaction of his/her information needs. We consider several approaches to help users in their search for documents. A first assistance concerns the reformulation of queries by targeting an audience of users unfamiliar with the technical terms of the field and struggling to express in the form of a query their need. The second approach that we propose is not to consider the user in isolation but to bring it closer to those who have expressed similar research to find the documents they considered relevant. Finally, we include works from the field of the recommendation to better understand the informational needs of the user and help them find what they are looking for by recommending documentary resources. In this thesis, we propose to treat this diversity of influence by a multi-agent system interacting with a shared environment representing the users browsing so that the system may be adapted to use either assistance facilities according to the user's expertise. We applied our work for document research in a digital corpus of legal documents
Sablier, Juliette. "Développement d'assistants technologiques cognitifs pour la schizophrénie : favoriser l’autonomie et l’adhésion au traitement". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO20057.
Testo completoBackground. Cognitive impairments in schizophrenia (SCZ) lead to a negative functional outcome. Especially, executive deficits are associated with difficulties in achieving Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and treatment adherence. Assistive Technologies for Cognition (ATC), first concieved for neurological disease, could be used as tools of cognitive remediation in SCZ, to complete the action of antipsychotics.Objective. Our clinical aim was to enhance the autonomy and adherence of SCZ people with the use of two ATCs: Mobus and DoPill. Our technological aim was to investigate whether SCZ patients would be able to use such ATCs.Methods. Outpatients diagnosed with SCZ according to DSM-IV criteria tested Mobus in three studies. This application, implemented in smart phones, provides ADL recall. In addition, patients can report self-experiences anywhere at anytime. In the third study, another ATC, the DoPill, was tested. This smart pill dispenser alerts the patient when it’s time to take medication. Sensors detect when pills are taken out. Information about ADL’s execution, self-experiences and adherence, are ecologically registered by Mobus and DoPill and remotely available for caregivers via Internet.Results. Our three studies allowed to improve Mobus and DoPill in order to make them the most suitable to the needs of SCZ people. Furthermore, Mobus enhanced some planning skills of the participants, whose adherence as well progressed with the use of DoPill. Nevertheless, these findings have to be reproduced, as we found only weak significance. Conclusion. A close collaboration between the patient, the caregiver and the programmer is essential for developing ATC. This teamwork is necessary for technical issues, but also for ethical concerns. Indeed, ATC are not meant to isolate people by replacing the human element of relatives and caregivers by a machine. On the contrary, they offer a sense of security and are aimed at accompanying the patient in his/her social rehabilitation
Gless, Henri-Jean. "Vers une conception architecturale BIM-agile : proposition d’un ensemble de pratiques collaboratives en vue d’une meilleure appropriation de la technologie BIM". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0033.
Testo completoThe question of digital transition is a key issue in architectural design. The objective of our research is to propose collaborative practices to facilitate this digital transition. We focus on so-called "agile" practices to improve communication and coordination between architects, engineers or project owner. These practices must allow these actors to exchange their architectural intentions and evaluate them while ensuring that their proposals are satisfactory concerning the client's needs. These practices consist in collaboratively filling out a book of intentions, requiring confrontations of opinions, playing a card game obliging all designers to speak out, holding short, daily meetings to explain their progress or being a coach, whose objective is to make life easier for their employees
Toulorge, Harald. "Contribution à un processus numérique d'assistance fonctionnelle à la synthèse d'un schéma de spécifications géométriques". Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ECAP0940.
Testo completoMaddah, Mohammad Reza. "3D visualization and interactive image manipulation for surgical planning in robot-assisted surgery". Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018IMTA0079/document.
Testo completoRobot-assisted surgery, or “robotic”surgery, has been developed to address thedifficulties with the traditional laparoscopicsurgery. The da Vinci (Intuitive Surgical, CA andUSA) is one of the FDA-approved surgical robotic system which is widely used in the case of abdominal surgeries like hysterectomy and cholecystectomy. The technology includes a system of master and slave tele-manipulators that enhances manipulation precision. However, inadequate guidelines and lack of a human machine interface system for planning the ports on the abdomen surface are some of the main issues with robotic surgery. Unreachable target and mid-surgery collisions between robotic arms are the major problems that surgeons complain about in robotic surgery. The objective of this research is to design a new decision-support tool for planning port placement in robotic surgery. The decision support system will be able to determine the optimal location of the entrance ports on the abdomen surface that is specific to the patient
Sanglé-Ferrière, Marion. "Quand le client évite de demander assistance : comprendre les ressorts de l'évitement et envisager les effets du chat comme canal de demande d'assistance". Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01E021.
Testo completoConsumers are facing more and more complex processes and technologies in their daily consumption, however they often refrain from asking for help. The aim of this research is to better understand the reasons why consumers may – or not - request assistance from a service or product provider, and also to understand if and how chat may ease this assistance request. A qualitative exploratory fieldwork led us to identify the perceived threats that are associated with an assistance request. It also highlighted how chat may alleviate these threats. The anonymous nature of chat, however, casts doubts about the interlocutor’s nature (human or virtual), which, in return, mitigates the positive alleviating effects of chat. As the factors explaining assistance avoidance appear to be of attitudinal nature, we then define and measure the construct of “customer propensity to avoid assistance request”. This construct is then empirically tested, to assess the extent to which an assistance request is linked to a customer’s attitude towards assistance. Finally, we offer a typology suggesting that some consumers may be averse to requesting assistance, and may be more willing to do so by chat. Altogether, these results contribute to helping companies to improve their offer of customer assistance, especially by offering chat, thus helping a larger amount of customers to benefit from a full usage of their products and services
Tagnithammou, Tafsut. "Solution de mobilité personnelle basée sur une stratégie de collaboration Conducteur/Véhicule/Environnement". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASG046.
Testo completoThe work of this thesis concerns an assistance architecture for a new mobility solution Gyrolift. This standing wheelchair is the integration of a robotic module on a gyropodic base. The device offers both seated and standing positions to wheelchair users.First, we present the concept of the Gyrolift compared to different competing solutions. This device is similar to an orthosis which offers a standing position with various physiological and psychological advantages : improvement of the respiratory function, blood circulation, bone consolidation and increased autonomy.A human-machine interaction is established between the user and the Gyrolift. Due to its novelty, a stress can be felt. This emotional state can disturb the balance and well being of the driver. We adressed this issue by demonstrating that a stress can be felt by Gyrolift users.Then, we proposed an acquisition chain which estimates the emotional state of the driver. We observe the heart rate variability using a non-invasive solution "camera" with the Photoplethymography principle.The proposed solution has been tested. in static and quasi-dynamic conditions in order to simulate the use of the Gyrolift. We can establish wether the user is "stressed" or "relaxed". We presented the obtained results. Research shows that it is posssible to determine the emotional state using a camera by estimating the heart rate activity. Finally, we proposed a reactive control architecture for the Gyrolift control. It assists, optimizes and secures the user. We defined the different functionalities of the device which are : verticalization ; managing balance ; controling crutches for transfer ; autonomy management and integration of the control. A hierarchy of functionalities has been established according to the use cases.The architecture is embedded in the last prototype of the Gyrolift which will be marketed in 2021
Butterworth, Peter. "Méthode de conception des mélangeurs millimétriques : Application à la réalisation MMIC d'un mélangeur sous-harmonique à FET froid [42-43.5 GHz]". Limoges, 2003. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/de536775-7aa1-41f6-bdd5-bd3f2b8e40da/blobholder:0/2003LIMO0028.pdf.
Testo completoEmerging broadband applications require high-performance low-cost analogue circuits working at higher and higher frequencies for which MMIC technology is a must. Ensuring frequency transposition, mixers are essential components to all emitters and receivers working at microwave frequencies. The work we present here deals with the methodologies needed for the often difficult design of this circuit. Basing ourselves on existing topologies and design methodologies for different mixers (balanced, subharmonic anti-parallel diode pair, cold FET, etc. ), we apply these principles to the development of design methodologies and the realization of a new high-performance architecture for millimeter-wave resistive mixers " the 2nd order subharmonic balanced mixer using a pair of Cold FETs ". The major objective of this work is to demonstrate the high potential for linearity of cold FET resistive mixers at millimeter-wave frequencies
Chaabouni, Mariem. "Assistance à la réutilisation de scénarios d’apprentissage : une approche guidée par l’évaluation du contexte d’usage à base d’indicateurs". Thesis, Le Mans, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LEMA1007/document.
Testo completoThe work presented in this thesis is a part of the Technology Enhanced Learning domain. It focuses on the proposal of processes, methods and tools that assist teachers and trainers in the reuse and the capitalization of educational scenarios. The objective of the proposed approach named CAPtuRe is to model, evaluate and exploit the contextual information related to a scenario based on its effective observations with the aim to enhance reuse. The main concerns are: (1) the expression and the analysis of the usage context, (2) the evaluation of the relevance of the scenario in a specific context, (3) the indexing of the contexts based on criteria of success and effectiveness of the scenario to define its reuse scope and (4) the proactive suggestion of reuse. We started by specifying a global framework for the engineering and the reuse of educational scenarios. In this context, we have defined a process specifying the scenario lifecycle introducing the contextual dimension and its utilization in a "design by reuse" environment. In order to operationalize this process, we define a generic approach to model the contextual information of a scenario that is enriched by the indicators, an indexing method and an algorithm calculating contextual similarities for the selection and the recommendation of appropriated scenarios to a target learning situation. These contributions are implemented as a software platform and applied to hybrid scenarios usage cases
Peralta, Cortes Héctor. "Création de critères d'évaluation de dispositifs d'assistance pour personnes en situation de handicap". Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009VERS0026.
Testo completoPLEIA project is a methodological platform of different software tools for the evaluation of different interfaces for persons with disabilities. This platform is based on different modules: PLEIA Functional awaking which is used to study the interactions between the interfaces peripheral and awaking systems (toys and robots), PLEIA Exercise which is based on the pointing devices for a personal computer, PLEIA Functional which is oriented to the command interfaces for the technical aids such as electric powered wheelchair. These modules are used by occupational therapists to create a basic evaluation. It tries to create tests with the integration of interfaces and performance analysis of patients. This thesis is based on PLEIA Exercise and Evaluation modules. The experimental results are shown for myopathic Children. The obtained results are promising
Ben, Hadj Mohamed Asma. "Réseau de capteurs sans fil comportementaux pour l'aide au maintien à domicile par la surveillance en habitat intelligent". Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU20077/document.
Testo completoIn recent years, wireless sensor networks have seen their fields of application expand to affect several areas, including monitoring. In parallel, the field medical projects to assist people did not fail to be interested in this emerging technology thanks to the attractions it represents. It is in this context that our thesis is subscribed. We are interested in the use of a non-intrusive video sensors network to monitor elderly people continuously in their natural environment. The objective is the proposal of a video sensor system combining local and intelligent analysis, a wireless communication system for monitoring people in their habitat or specialized environment. We want above all, to be able to identify and detect the monitored person's behavior as well as his actions and his movements to act on his environment via a wireless communication system and home automation. Then we aim to detect a fall and communicate an alert through the network. This proposal represents an advantageous solution for several reasons. Economically, monitor an elderly person while keeping it in his normal environment would reduce the charges of assistance to people by treating them with specialized staff at the hospital or a nursing home. A significant contribution is the one related to the psychological and social aspects of the elderly, to whom this discreet and invisible monitoring ensures both the feeling of security, respect for privacy and autonomy
Fage, Charles. "Conception et Validation Expérimentale d’un Assistant Numérique pour l’Inclusion Scolaire d’Enfants avec Troubles du Spectre Autistique en Classe Ordinaire". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0111/document.
Testo completoSchool inclusion of children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) inmainstream classrooms remains dramatically limited in France, even though it hasbeen recognized as critical for socio- professional perspectives. In fact, the atypicalcognitive functioning, associated with socio-adaptive behavior difficulties(communication, social skills, autonomy, etc.), are usually confronted to nor- malizedexpectations in these mainstream environments, such as schools. New technologiescan be seen as promising levers to overcome the barriers of school inclusion.However, despite a plethoric offer of technologies for children with ASD, scientificstudies are lacking to establish their efficacy, as well as the relevance of their design.This work presents the design and validation of mobile applications to support schoolinclusion of children with ASD in mainstream classrooms through three studies. Thefirst study presents design principles for assistive applications addressing schoolroutines and verbal communication activities of children with ASD; these applicationsare to be used in situ. Combining a user-centered approach and pilot clinical research,the second study presents design principles and experimental validation of an emotionregulation application targeting children with ASD in mainstream classroom. Theresults reveal benefits on self-regulation behaviors, as well as underpinning sociocognitiveprocesses. Finally, in across-syndrome approach, the third study presents theresults of a global intervention, based on cognitive assistive and rehabilitationapplications, involving 48 children and supporting the first inclusion in mainstreamclassrooms of children with ASD and children without ASD (with IntellectualDisabilities or learning disabilities). Benefits are reported for both equipped groups interms of socio-adaptive behaviors, social response and socio-cognitive functioning.Larger benefits have been observed for equipped children with ASD, revealing therelevance of Collège+ intervention for this population.A systemic approach to designing and experimenting mobile applications allowed forimprove- ments in socio-adaptive behaviors and socio-cognitive functioning, crucialfor the success of main- stream school inclusion. Such approach seems promising tosupport school inclusion of children with ASD in mainstream classrooms, and offersbroad perspectives by enriching contents, designing new applications as well asexperimenting validation methodologies for mainstream environments
Ussat, Caroline. "Personalisierte Optionsauswahl im Fahrzeuginformationssystem". Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät II, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16632.
Testo completoModern vehicle information systems allow the driver to access a variety of geographical information, like points-of-interest, whilst driving. However, selecting an option from an extensive list of options, whilst driving, can pose a significant safety hazard. Thus, it becomes essential to support the driver in this selection process. A promising solution lies in supplying an assistance system that includes a personalised points-of-interest selection. The purpose of this doctoral thesis is to optimise the acceptance of those assistance systems. Firstly, a qualitative study was carried out to examine the context of use. The results were analysed using the taxonomy for assistance systems developed by Wandke (2005). This identified three suitable types of option selection assistance systems, with varying levels of support; adaptable filter assistance, adaptive filter assistance, adaptive delegation assistance. Secondly, the assistance systems were analysed by means of scenario surveys based on the UbiTAM, by Rothensee (2010). The results showed that all three assistance systems were rated positive. Within these positive ratings, those systems offering higher levels of support received significantly better ratings. Based on the findings all three assistance systems were implemented as prototypes. The prototypes were evaluated in two driving simulator studies, in order to assess their effects on both the driving performance and the quality of task processing. The simulator studies verified the results uncovered by the scenario surveys. Additionally, it became clear that adaptive assistance systems provided drivers with the most support during the fulfilment of secondary tasks. Finally, they showed that driving performance was only slightly affected by the use of the adaptive assistance systems. In terms of the development of assistance systems, the results of this thesis suggest that a combination of adaptive filter and delegation assistance should be implemented.
AHMAD, NADEEM. "People Centered HMI’s for Deaf and Functionally Illiterate Users". Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2542118.
Testo completoBelloum, Rafik. "Méthodologies outillées de développement de services dédiés à l'assistance domiciliaire". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0091.
Testo completoThe growing population of older adults gives rise to a need for assistive computing systems that support independent living, to reduce the number of people being transferred to costly care facilities. The goal of assistive computing is to provide context-aware services that assist older adults in all aspects of daily life, for example, monitoring activities such as meal preparation and providing appointment or medication reminders. Despite much progress, the development of assistive services remains a challenge, because of a lack of supporting approaches and tools. This challenge involves: (1) coping with inter-individual variabilities (e.g., home features and user routines and preferences) to deliver tailored services, (2) monitoring activities over long periods of time and (3) enabling care providers and/or professionals in aging to contribute their expert knowledge towardsservice development. This dissertation presents several contributions to this topic. The primary contributions are two iterative methods dedicated to supporting the development of services that monitor activities of daily living (ADLs). Each of these methods is supported by a set of tools for collecting, analyzing and visualizing monitoring data. These tools ensure the agile development of accurate activity recognizers via a stepwise refinement of the analysis of sensor data. The first method, for recognizing ADLs, encompasses the main variations of a target activity by abstracting over descriptions reported by users. Beyond recognizing ADLs, the second method addresses long-term monitoring shortcomings (e.g., sensor failures) and gives health professionals actionable insights into user activities. A final end-user approach is presented, which provides a tool to enable experts in aging to easily define assisted living services in smart homes. The presented methodologies have been applied to an assisted living platform for aging in place, deployed in the home of 140 users. Experimental results show the effectiveness of all the proposed methods. First, the recognition methodology has achieved an accuracy of 80%, rising to 88% when considering the more routinized participants of the experiment. Second, the method for long-term monitoring of ADLs mostly produced the same interpretations as an expert in activity analysis, who manually analyzed the longitudinal sensor datasets. Finally, the findings reveal good usability of the end-user tool, which has been tested by occupational therapists
Khssibi, Sabri. "Utilisation des réseaux de capteurs de canne pour les applications de surveillance de personnes". Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU20078/document.
Testo completoThe world is undergoing profound demographic changes closely linked with the development of the field of public health. The increase in life expectancy is accompanied by an increase in the number of elderly people, in particular those with chronic diseases. Several existing research projects have as objective to ensure the maintenance to homes of the elderly, by a better follow-up by using new technologies. Among them, we find the proposed CANet who proposed the use of sugar cane as a tool for monitoring non-intrusive by the integration of a multitude of sensors. The cane used a wireless communication system, which allows him to exchange with a collection center or surveillance. This technological solution allows the respect of the private life of older persons, without limiting their freedom. Our thesis subject is inscribed in the framework of this project CANet. The work of this thesis is organized primarily around the design of an architecture protocol topology, and access methods for wireless networks, which allow monitoring of older persons through a network of sensors embedded in a cane. The main objective of the thesis is the study of architectures and protocols implemented at the level wireless communication to provide a reliable network infrastructure for various services for monitoring, measures, routing of data to a control center remote (medical office, members of the family, etc.). These proposals have been the subject of a theoretical study and analysis of performance by simulation
Sioncke, Yoann. "Fiscalité et innovation". Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01D082.
Testo completoToday, innovation is one of the essential variables of the growth of the economy and employment. However, its financing is complex. This justifies the intervention of public authorities. In France, the public powers therefore have two main tools for encouraging companies to increase their R&D expenses, direct aids (and similar) and tax incentives. However, the main mechanism in support of innovation in France is a fiscal aid measure, namely the research tax credit. A powerful instrument for encouraging R&D since 1983, it has become, since its last major reform in 2008, the preferred incentive measure of companies and, at the same time, the State's second leading expenditure. A departure from anonymity followed by a step into controversy, since due to its increasing weight within the French economy, the research tax credit is prompting many questions. The most widely-shared question naturally relates to the reality of its efficiency, with supporters and detractors in equal measure. But this mechanism also elicits other questions and other observations. Since while it seems to be agreed that this credit offers many advantages for its beneficiaries, the fiscal security of the latter nevertheless appears to be fragile. Moreover, the very choice of a fiscal expenditure as a support measure is of concern, both with regard to its actual advisability within the internal order and in terms of its linkage with the European regulations relative to State aid. This could justify an adaptation of the mechanism on the basis of the provisions of another system used in another sector, but that does not currently have the same deficiencies as the research tax credit
Kolarčík, Tomáš. "Detekce přítomnosti osob pomocí IoT senzorů". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-449175.
Testo completoLe, Chene Véronique. "Inclusion numérique en contexte d’établissements médico-sociaux". Thesis, Rennes 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN20027/document.
Testo completoThe ideal of inclusive society is based on principles of justice and social cohesion. It translates into a desire to include people at risk of poverty and exclusion, to reduce social inequalities and to encourage participation in the life of society. Faced with social inequalities, specific policies are implemented for people with disabilities. They translate into a principle of widespread accessibility to employment, education, built, transport, leisure, culture, digital technologies, etc. In our society where the uses of digital technologies appear to be the cure for all social problems (Proulx, 1990), what benefits can people with disabilities derive from the uses of these technologies? To answer this question, I went to investigate people welcomed in medico-social institutions in Brittany. I accompanied their use of digital technologies and in an ethno-methodological approach (Lapassade, 2000) and ecological of activity (Denis, 2009), I analyzed these uses as a social construct (Jouët, 2000). In this research we will see how the appropriation of digital technologies by people with intellectual disabilities or mental disorders transforms the negative representations they have of themselves and brings out a power to act with digital technologies that participate in their emancipation
Daher, Mohamad. "Fusion multi-capteurs tolérante aux fautes pour un niveau d'intégrité élevé du suivi de la personne". Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10136/document.
Testo completoAbout one third of home-dwelling older people suffer a fall each year. The most painful falls occur when the person is alone and unable to get up, resulting in huge number of elders which are associated with institutionalization and high morbidity-mortality rate. The PAL (Personally Assisted Living) system appears to be one of the solutions of this problem. This ambient intelligence system allows elderly people to live in an intelligent and pro-active environment. This thesis describes the ongoing work of in-home elder tracking, activities daily living recognition, and automatic fall detection system using a set of non-intrusive sensors that grants privacy and comfort to the elders. In addition, a fault-tolerant fusion method is proposed using a purely informational formalism: information filter on the one hand, and information theory tools on the other hand. Residues based on the Kullback-Leibler divergence are used. Using an appropriate thresholding, these residues lead to the detection and the exclusion of sensors faults. The proposed algorithms were validated with many different scenarios containing the different activities: walking, sitting, standing, lying down, and falling. The performances of the developed methods showed a sensitivity of more than 94% for the fall detection of persons and more than 92% for the discrimination between the different ADLs (Activities of the daily life)
Movahedi, Zahra. "A business process approach for application development in wireless sensor and actuator networks". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLL002.
Testo completoWireless Sensor and Actuator Networks (WSANs) is an emergent technology for various application areas such as security and surveillance applications, traffic control, energy control, etc. Designing and developing applications using these technologies remain, however, a challenging task. Indeed, finding the relevant sensors and actuators, and combining them in a proper way in order to achieve a specific goal is not an easy task and requires several skills detained by different stakeholders. Moreover, sensor/actuator environments are inherently highly dynamic. Furthermore, current applications are in general tightly coupled to the underlying infrastructure which hampers their reuse and flexibility to changes.In this thesis, we present a process-oriented and service-based approach for supporting the development of adaptive WSAN applications. Our approach decouples between the application logic and its implementation. A design-time model is first specified, as a flow of activities, which is then deployed in a particular environment. Decoupling the application logic from its implementation enables on one hand to foster the reuse at the application level and on the other hand to adapt the same application to different environments and situations. To assist designers in specifying new WSAN applications, we propose two methods: 1)activity and orchestration reuse through data flows, and 2)activity recommendation through control flows. Moreover, the same recommendation technique enables providing fault-tolerant mechanism enabling a WSAN application to adapt to changes due to sensor failures or constraints violation. Our approach has been validated by realistic use cases that have been implemented in the context of the European project VITRO platform and the Zodianet platform
Zinoune, Clément. "Autonomous integrity monitoring of navigation maps on board intelligent vehicles". Thesis, Compiègne, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014COMP1972/document.
Testo completoSeveral Intelligent Vehicles capabilities from Advanced Driving Assistance Systems (ADAS) to Autonomous Driving functions depend on a priori information provided by navigation maps. Whilst these were intended for driver guidance as they store road network information, today they are even used in applications that control vehicle motion. In general, the vehicle position is projected onto the map to relate with links in the stored road network. However, maps might contain faults, leading to navigation and situation understanding errors. Therefore, the integrity of the map-matched estimates must be monitored to avoid failures that can lead to hazardous situations. The main focus of this research is the real-time autonomous evaluation of faults in navigation maps used in intelligent vehicles. Current passenger vehicles are equipped with proprioceptive sensors that allow estimating accurately the vehicle state over short periods of time rather than long trajectories. They include receiver for Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and are also increasingly equipped with exteroceptive sensors like radar or smart camera systems. The challenge resides on evaluating the integrity of the navigation maps using vehicle on board sensors. Two types of map faults are considered: Structural Faults, addressing connectivity (e.g., intersections). Geometric Faults, addressing geographic location and road geometry (i.e. shape). Initially, a particular structural navigation map fault is addressed: the detection of roundabouts absent in the navigation map. This structural fault is problematic for ADAS and Autonomous Driving. The roundabouts are detected by classifying the shape of the vehicle trajectory. This is stored for use in ADAS and Autonomous Driving functions on future vehicle trips on the same area. Next, the geometry of the map is addressed. The main difficulties to do the autonomous integrity monitoring are the lack of reliable information and the low level of redundancy. This thesis introduces a mathematical framework based on the use of repeated vehicle trips to assess the integrity of map information. A sequential test is then developed to make it robust to noisy sensor data. The mathematical framework is demonstrated theoretically including the derivation of definitions and associated properties. Experiments using data acquired in real traffic conditions illustrate the performance of the proposed approaches
Movahedi, Zahra. "A business process approach for application development in wireless sensor and actuator networks". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLL002.
Testo completoWireless Sensor and Actuator Networks (WSANs) is an emergent technology for various application areas such as security and surveillance applications, traffic control, energy control, etc. Designing and developing applications using these technologies remain, however, a challenging task. Indeed, finding the relevant sensors and actuators, and combining them in a proper way in order to achieve a specific goal is not an easy task and requires several skills detained by different stakeholders. Moreover, sensor/actuator environments are inherently highly dynamic. Furthermore, current applications are in general tightly coupled to the underlying infrastructure which hampers their reuse and flexibility to changes.In this thesis, we present a process-oriented and service-based approach for supporting the development of adaptive WSAN applications. Our approach decouples between the application logic and its implementation. A design-time model is first specified, as a flow of activities, which is then deployed in a particular environment. Decoupling the application logic from its implementation enables on one hand to foster the reuse at the application level and on the other hand to adapt the same application to different environments and situations. To assist designers in specifying new WSAN applications, we propose two methods: 1)activity and orchestration reuse through data flows, and 2)activity recommendation through control flows. Moreover, the same recommendation technique enables providing fault-tolerant mechanism enabling a WSAN application to adapt to changes due to sensor failures or constraints violation. Our approach has been validated by realistic use cases that have been implemented in the context of the European project VITRO platform and the Zodianet platform
Ryczer-Dumas, Malgorzata. "Users’ agencies : juxtaposing public portrayals and users’ accounts of app-mediated cardiac arrest volunteer work in Sweden". Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022EHES0024.
Testo completoThis thesis embraces a social science research perspective to examine uses of the app SMSlivräddare (eng. SMSlifesaving), now Heartrunner, dedicated to alert volunteers nearby to assist people suspected to suffer from a cardiac arrest outside hospital. This case study of the uses of the health and medical app juxtaposes the public portrayals of the app, its prospective users, their agencies and use practices with the volunteer users’ own accounts. The analysis explores dimensions of the app’s and its users’ agencies as delegated by the technology’s portrayals and perceived by its users. It renders visible also possibly obscured aspects of the volunteer users’ agencies and practices at the time of the technology’s implementation in the two first regions, before its subsequent adoption in other Swedish regions and in Denmark. A medical research perspective has so far dominated the studies of lifesaving apps. Such research evaluates the patients’ health outcomes resulting from the app use by the volunteers and concentrates on the examination of the efficiency aspects of the app, such as how many users arrived and how many engaged in resuscitating the patients. At the same time, it contributes to the promissory discourses and instrumental approaches applied to understand the meanings and uses of health and medical apps. In contrast, building on the discourse and thematic analysis of the qualitative research material, this thesis seeks to highlight the users’ perspectives in their co-constructing of the SMSlifesaving technology through their app use practices; it embraces a socio-material theoretical approach and critically explores the users’ agencies as delegated by the discourses of the project developers, managers and evaluators of the medical technology and as negotiated by the users in their daily practices. This thesis, first, investigates the public portrayals of the app, its users and their agencies published online, in the user-recruiting practices, and in a medical research publication evaluating the SMSlifesaving technology. Next, it examines how the volunteers’ accounts describe the rationales of their entry into their SMSlifesaving app use practices, the social context embedding their entry and the meanings which they ascribe to their practices. Third, the study investigates how the volunteers’ accounts in juxtaposition to the online portrayals of the SMSlifesaving technology represent the volunteers’ app use before their receptions of the app’s notifications which inform them about cardiac-arrest cases nearby, at the time of reception of such notifications, and following acceptance of such notifications.Contributing to the field of critical social research on health and medical apps, the thesis identifies that both the SMSlifesaving app users and the technologies they co-construct have agencies. It illustrates the users’ agencies delegated and negotiated; the latter when they overcome the app everyday dependencies and judge the app-mediated volunteer work importance versus their paid work and private life commitments, develop dutiful engagement with the app and re-define the app’s medical promises for the patients and their families
Jugade, Shriram. "Shared control authority between human and autonomous driving system for intelligent vehicles". Thesis, Compiègne, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019COMP2507.
Testo completoRoad traffic accidents have always been a concern to the driving community which has led to various research developments for improving the way we drive the vehicles. Since human error causes most of the road accidents, introducing automation in the vehicle is an efficient way to address this issue thus making the vehicles intelligent. This approach has led to the development of ADAS (Advanced Driver Assistance Systems) functionalities. The process of introducing automation in the vehicle is continuously evolving. Currently the research in this field has targeted full autonomy of the vehicle with the aim to tackle the road safety to its fullest potential. The gap between ADAS and full autonomy is not narrow. One of the approach to bridge this gap is to introduce collaboration between human driver and autonomous system. There have been different methodologies such as haptic feedback, cooperative driving where the autonomous system adapts according to the human driving inputs/intention for the corrective action each having their own limitations. This work addresses the problem of shared control authority between human driver and autonomous driving system without haptic feedback using the fusion of driving inputs. The development of shared control authority is broadly divided into different stages i.e. shared control framework, driving input assessment, driving behavior prediction, fusion process etc. Conflict resolution is the high level strategy introduced in the framework for achieving the fusion. The driving inputs are assessed with respect to different factors such as collision risk, speed limitation,lane/road departure prevention etc in the form of degree of belief in the driving input admissibility using sensor data. The conflict resolution is targeted for a particular time horizon in the future using a sensor based driving input prediction using neural networks. A two player non-cooperative game (incorporating admissibility and driving intention) is defined to represent the conflict resolution as a bargaining problem. The final driving input is computed using the Nash equilibrium. The shared control strategy is validated using a test rig integrated with the software Simulink and IPG CarMaker. Various aspects of shared control strategy such as human-centered, collision avoidance, absence of any driving input, manual driving refinement etc were included in the validation process