Tesi sul tema "Aspects moraux et éthiques"
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Elson, Christopher. "Aspects éthiques de l'oeuvre de Michel Deguy". Paris 4, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA040305.
Testo completoThe writings of Michel Deguy (b. 1931) present the reader of contemporary French literature with a number of serious interpretative challenges. Transgeneric, constantly evolving, hesitating between theory and practice, between poetry and prose, Michel Deguy's work has long required a vigorous and synthetic critical response. By emphasizing the ethical aspects of the work considered as a whole, this thesis seeks to provide a coherent and organic reading of the entire corpus of Deguy's writings, both those collected in book form and the multitude of articles and shorter texts published between 1959 and mid 1995. Here we take 'ethical' both in the general sense (political-moral-social) and in the more fundamental sense deriving from a heideggerian etymology, i. E. Ethos-pertaining to dwelling. Three axes of these ethical preoccupations are explored: i) the responsibility for being; ii) the lyrical subject and the other; iii) 'du comme au comme-un'-from comparison to commonality or community. Throughout we observe, analyze and define an ethics of resemblance and comparison, particular to poetry and expressed uniquely in the poetics of Michel Deguy, a poetics which is also, as he has frequently insisted, a po-ethics
Leplège, Alain. "Epidémiologie et décision médicale : aspects épistémologiques et éthiques". Paris 10, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA100081.
Testo completoThe problem which is at the origin of this work is the following : what is the influence of the mathematisation of medical uncertainty on the doctor-patient relationship ? The frame of analysis is clinical medicine. The thesis stars with the mathematisation of medical uncertainty within the field of epidemiology. I then examine the impact of this new knowledge on medical practice, especially from the perspective of medical ethics ; and i try to figure out how such a modification is possible. When one try to understand how the practitioner can make use of epidemiologic data, two problems arise. The first one originates in the discrepancy that exists between the object of clinical medicine (the individual patient) and that of epidemiology (groups of patients). The second problem is related to the frequent lack of meaningful information and the correlative necessity for the physician to guess subjectively what are the olds that apply to his / her patient. These two problems find an elegant solution within the bayesian framework (bayesian or utility decision theory). As a normative theory, this theory prescribes that a specific behavior should be adopted. The problem is that, in medicine, every decision has some ethical consequences. My thesis is that the epidemiological interpretation of medical reality implies a reinterpretation of the doctor-patient relationship in terms of…
Deschamps, Jack-Yves. "Les xénotransplantations : aspects historiques, éthiques et sociaux". Nantes, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NANT25VS.
Testo completoBaenziger, Edward James. "Le répertoire du Cartel des Quatre : aspects moraux et philosophiques". Paris 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA030082.
Testo completoThe cartel des quatre, gaston baty, charles dullin, louis jouvet and georges pitoeff, four theater directors in the tradition of jacques copeau, promised in 1926 to reform the theater in france by a moral and philosophic renewal. Did they achieve their goal ? with the nearly complete repertory of their life-time theatrical productions in hand, we can now understand their definitive contribution. The author analyses some forty plays in four geographic divisions: the cartel's classical vision of french theater; their distillation of the best from english language theater; their outreach to the east, especially russia; and, finally, their passion for the theater from the south, in spain and italy. Leaving aside the contemporary french elements in their corpus, we demonstrate that a moral and philosophic reform was effected through a rigorous analysis of texts and by a resolutely modern interpretation that completely changed the nature of theatrical production in france between the two world wars, and still continues to influence the stage today
Bonneau, Catherine. "Interruption volontaire de grossesse : aspects médicaux, sociologiques, psychologiques et éthiques". Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR2P057.
Testo completoSauret, Pascale. "Le Droit à la vie : aspects juridiques et éthiques internationaux". Montpellier 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON10004.
Testo completoThe right to life is a much a sacred right as a fundamental one. It is superior to all other human right. The international consecration of the right to life is double. First, it is a direct consecration in the view of general texts dealing with the protection of human rights; second, it is an implicit consecration as regards the specific instruments protecting human right. Case law remains reserved about this right especially on the universal scale. Our staring point will be a two-fold hypothesis : 1- the positivist definition of the right to life leads us toward a three-fold observation : the right to life like any other right has persons entitled to it, an object, and debtors, too. This deduction originates from the analysis of authoritative texts, but we will carry out our analysis even further to move beyond the positivist limits to the right to life by suggesting a wide interpretations of international law. Thus, we consider that the right to life takes on an individual but also a collective dimension. Consequently, the right tolife does not have individual persons entitled to it nor individual debtors only, but also collective ones. 2- the obvious facts that result from this analysis allow us to state that the right to life is caught in a legal stranglhold which does not take into account the evolution of society in general and the consequences of progress, especially medical progress, on some human rights particularly those rights which imply the integrity of the human person. Owing to this evolution we can therefore observe a differentiation process being made among persons entitled to the right, along with a transformation of the object, plus an increasing number of dbtors. The right to life expands and transforms itself
Basset, Pierre. "Aspects éthiques des situations de refus et arrêt de traitement". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS015/document.
Testo completoAbstract : The objective of this work is to study what brings a sick person to formulate a refusal of treatment, based on a three-pronged approach. One of the patient and his relatives, one of professionals faced with this refusal, and one of a multi-professional ethics reflection group, bringing together representatives of humanities and social sciences, as well as “ordinary citizens”, bringing the outside eye of the city. Looking for the meaning of a refusal consists of analyzing and decoding a willingness of the person that something happens or does not happen, and corresponds to the dialectic of the gift and acceptance of the care. To refuse a treatment doesn’t mean refusing care. Situations of refusal pave the way for reflection about our individual and collective behavior, our doubts, our uncertainties as well as conflicting values. This work explores the complexity of such problems encountered in daily clinical practice, in order to deepen the questioning about the interaction played between the different actors. It also shows how important it is to working methods that promote the ethics of dialogue. Considering the choices faced by those who assume the responsibility for the decision, the question arises of which resources to use to promote ethical reflection, avoiding the arbitrary nature of personal convictions
Larger, Victor. "Amour et personne, psychologie et éthique de la relation médicale". Lyon 3, 2007. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/in/theses/2007_in_larger_v.pdf.
Testo completoThe medical relationship seems to have a well-defined aim : healing, i. E body “repair”. Medical science, based on an exclusive positivist materialism, is the doctor's main reference. Even so, doctors and patients are often aware of neglecting an important part of what the real issue of the consultation is. In fact, in this interpersonal encounter, two people are deeply involved and the purely medical aspect is even often a mere pretext. The consultation is the place where the sick person is revealed. It is then necessary to consider the human concept through the history of philosophy based on the modern personalist movement. Having a better comprehension of this notion, relational implications in the medical meeting context can be clarified. It's the friendly involvement the doctor has and nourishes for his patient that binds its ethical attitude to his service , giving a framework to the technical approach
Gonzalez, Georges. "L'euthanasie entre éthique et droit". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Perpignan, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023PERP0050.
Testo completoSince 1986 a new type of « stakeholder » has appeared on the legal scene : the terminally ill. The consideration and support for these people has shone more light on the real difficulties in defining the terminology, and the length of time that preceeds death. It is clear that, as soon as we are born, we begin the process which eventually takes us to the end of our existence. The human race survives because sexuality allows reproduction before ageing and death. As François JACOB emphasises : « We are born, we grow up, we get old, we die and the cycle of life continues. From the moment the egg is fertilized, our DNA determines when an individual will die »It seems obvious that society has forgotten the lessons of the past : dying is increasingly feared. We expect a dignified, peaceful, and painless death, in particular for those who have an incurable illness and suffer constant pain which cannot be eased by medication. Through the law dated 2nd February2016, Parliament responded to the wishes of the terminally ill by giving them new rights : The right to refuse treatment, the right to deep and continued sedation, the right to advance directives. However, we have to be cautious. Parliament generally consists of healthy people, who make laws for a situation that they don’t wish to experience, or imagine themselves in a condition which they cannot, in fact, possibly conceive. In some inextricable situations, the patient may decide that death is preferable to life. Such is the justification for requesting euthanasia or help to die, which is still illegal in France. Following the example of other countries who are more flexible on the subject, we could develop our end-of-life legislation whilst respecting the values on which our country is based, whilst respecting human dignity. This research concerns therefore the rights of those who are terminally ill, a very controversial issue nowadays. In particular, regarding the development of the legislation which decriminalizes euthanasia, emotive debates highlight deontological, societal, ethical, and philosophical issues
Jourdan, Didier. "Paternalisme et visée émancipatrice : politiques et pratiques de santé publique à l'épreuve du discernement éthique". Strasbourg, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010STRA1036.
Testo completoHealth education and in general public health policies and practices raise crucial questions but, in comparison to the practice of medicine, little attention was given to the question of the ethics of public health. This PhD thesis is focused on ethical issues in public health: issues of freedom of individuals, paternalism of the state, who defines the “new secular morality” defining the “good” (the healthy) and the “bad” (risk behaviors), whether there is any legitimacy in promoting tips for healthy life, how they can be considered compatible with individual’s freedom of choice? The first section of the thesis is devoted to a systematic analysis of the ethical problems that arise in public health. The different available frameworks for ethical decision are described in the second section. The last one is focused on the application of relevant principles and values to public health decision making
Rondeau, Dany. "Prolégomènes à une éthique globale interculturelle". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/NQ65430.pdf.
Testo completoRoume, Stéphane. "La notion de progrès à travers une distinction entre éthique et morale". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0389.
Testo completoEvery economics or science has to reach some progress in its field. But, if we can agree on this point, we do not necessarily share the same definition of progress. To clarify this divergence of understanding, we have chosen to distinguish between ethics and morals: if a moral order permits to order elements in a determined frame for a specific goal, an ethical posture means to adopt and to adapt an authoritative principle for the discovery of an unknown environment. We advance that the economic field and the idea of progress can only be associated with a moral order and not with an ethical posture. To illustrate that, we conduct a reflection about identity, which is an empty and ideological notion but which allows us, along the distinction between ethics and morals, to focus especially on notions like State, person or power. These reflections can enlighten us about some foundations of economics and utilitarianism which is a philosophy deeply related to language and then with the notion of identity once again; utilitarianism and economics are in a certain way playing a defining role, allowing us to reach a well-being which we can identify and to which we can progress. Thereby, we are advancing that the progress can only be conceived from a moral order and that we should search a kind of equilibrium to let the ethical dimension be cultivated, as well as to encourage catallaxy outre economics
Pouliot, Étienne. "Éthique et mystique : élucidation de l'acte théologique au revers d'une qualification chrétienne de la morale". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/17854.
Testo completoPerrin, Xavier. "Chirurgie orthopédique appliquée aux Témoins de Jehovah : aspects thérapeutiques, médico-légaux et éthiques". Montpellier 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON11298.
Testo completoLaboile, Xavier. "Aspects juridiques et éthiques du recueil des données médicales aux fins d'analyses épidémiologiques". Bordeaux 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR40001.
Testo completoDegas, Catherine. "La morale dans l'entreprise et le contrat de travail". Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA4015.
Testo completoMorals refer to what relates to habits, human beings’ attitudes, as well as codes of conduct and their justifications. For some years now, companies have been publicly asserting their commitment to moral values, in order to improve their image. Some of them attempt to impose them upon their employees, sometimes subject to penalties. The question is whether employees, bound to perform the contract of employment in good faith, according to the provisions of Articles 1134 of the Civil Code and L. 1222-1 of the Labour Code, are obliged to adhere to the moral values of the company which employs them? On the one hand, some commercially oriented companies issue codes of ethics, along with whistle blowing policies, for which the question of their legality is raised. Companies of an ideological nature also ask their employees to abide by moral standards which the former aim to defend. On the other hand, labour law also requires that employers and their employees comply with moral obligations. Some of them relate specifically to each of the co-contractors. Thus, employers have the obligation to respect the dignity, as well as the fundamental rights and freedoms of employees, in particular in their personal life. The latter must avoid, in principle, engaging in behaviour which is contrary to commonly accepted morals in our society, and creating characterised disorder within the company. Employers and employees also have joint obligations with moral connotations, such as obligations relating to loyalty or security
Bozzi, Frédéric. "Jouer le jeu - Une approche compréhensive de l'efficience éthique". Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00416381.
Testo completoMeudec, Marie. "La sorcellerie comme pratique morale et éthique, une économie morale de l'obeah à Ste-Lucieh : processus de moralisation, de légitimation et usages des évaluations morales entourant les pratiques et les practiciens de/associés à l'obeah". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/24928.
Testo completoCaussé, Nadège. "La valeur juridique des chartes d'entreprise au regard du droit du travail français : contribution à l'étude de l'aspect social et éthique de l'activité des entreprises". Aix-Marseille 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX32047.
Testo completoGonzález, Mojica Johanna María. "Les FARC et la lutte pour la reconnaissance : aspects symboliques, émotionnels, moraux et identitaires de la violence armée en Colombie". Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR40042/document.
Testo completoThe armed confrontation in Colombia is characterized by its duration, intensity and complexity. FARC is one of the main actors of this war. The study of the Colombian guerrilla from the perspective of Axel Honneth's theory, the struggle for recognition, allows us to take into account the role of recognition needs, as expressed by this group and his members, in the conflict evolution. Guerrilla violence plunges its roots into denials of recognition in the spheres of love (ill-treatment of children, domestic violence, exactions by armed groups), of rights (denial of rights, exclusion) and solidarity (denigration, insult). The FARC’s struggle for recognition gradually change over time depending on new variables, like drug trafficking, and the interactions with other actors (government, civil populations, etc.) passing from a struggle for dignity and equality to a struggle for status and the assertion of idealized identities
Kapitz, Christiane. "L' éthique, une nouvelle figure du lien entre science et société ? : approche discursive d'un phénomène de communication". Lyon, Ecole normale supérieure, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ENSF0037.
Testo completoThis thesis proposes to study ethics as a phenomenon of communication, insofar as it is the subject of media or institutional discourses and generates debates which are exerted in various spheres of society. The mediations (institutional and individual) which take part in the development of this process are studied starting from an approach combining the analysis of discourses of daily press about organ transplantations and the observation of the practices of communication of the French Consultative Committee of Ethics. This approach falls under a current of research of the Information sciences and communication which seeks to understand the complex mechanisms of the relations between sciences and society. The analysis presented reveals the rolr of ethics between individuals and collectives at different levels from social, and in particular its dimension symbolic system. The study proposes a comparison between the role of the scientific popularization and the role of ethics in the relationship between science and society
Hazebroucq, Vincent. "Télétransmission en temps réel d'images radiologiques numériques : aspects techniques, médicaux et juridiques". Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05CD14.
Testo completoAllard, Elisabeth. "Les devoirs du médecin à l'égard du patient en matière de recherche clinique, aspects éthiques et juridiques". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0010/MQ35655.pdf.
Testo completoBérubé, Réjean. "Avoir à être le bien en personne chez Zundel : esquisse d'une éthique pour qu'elle soit au meilleur d'elle-même". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27568.
Testo completoHatton, Anne-Catherine, e Anne-Catherine Hatton. "Le respect des normes éthiques nationales dans le commerce transfrontière des inventions biotechnologiques : regards croisés sur l'interprétation des notions de moralité publique dans le GATT et de bonnes mœurs dans la convention sur le brevet européen". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/23916.
Testo completoNous avons examiné s’il existait des mécanismes juridiques permettant aux États de faire respecter, à l’étape du commerce transfrontière, les prescriptions d’ordre éthique auxquelles ils assujettissent certaines inventions biotechnologiques suscitant des préoccupations morales. Nous avons d’abord évalué si l'exception de moralité publique du GATT pouvait être invoquée à une telle fin. De notre étude historique poussée des sources de cette disposition, nous concluons que celle-ci proclame les droits souverains de l’État, dans les limites de sa compétence territoriale, relativement au champ d’application de la notion de moralité publique. Nous analysons ensuite l'interprétation faite de la notion de bonnes moeurs dans l'article 53a) de la Convention sur le brevet européen. Enfin, nous faisons ressortir, dans la jurisprudence pertinente, certaines irrégularités majeures dans l’interprétation de ces dispositions par les instances compétentes, que nous imputons en partie à la difficulté d’introduire une composante éthique dans un processus analytique de nature essentiellement juridique.
We examined the availability of legal mechanisms guaranteeing compliance with State-imposed ethical requirements applicable to morally questionable biotechnological inventions at the cross-border trade stage. First, we assessed whether GATT public morals exception could be invoked to that purpose. We conclude from our extensive historical study that this provision proclaims States sovereign rights, within their territorial jurisdiction, relative to determining the scope of public morals. We then analyze how the notion of morality has been construed under article 53a) of the European Patent Convention. Finally, we highlight major irregularities in the interpretation of these provisions in the relevant case law that can be explained in part by the challenge of introducing an ethical component in an analytical process of an essentially legal nature.
We examined the availability of legal mechanisms guaranteeing compliance with State-imposed ethical requirements applicable to morally questionable biotechnological inventions at the cross-border trade stage. First, we assessed whether GATT public morals exception could be invoked to that purpose. We conclude from our extensive historical study that this provision proclaims States sovereign rights, within their territorial jurisdiction, relative to determining the scope of public morals. We then analyze how the notion of morality has been construed under article 53a) of the European Patent Convention. Finally, we highlight major irregularities in the interpretation of these provisions in the relevant case law that can be explained in part by the challenge of introducing an ethical component in an analytical process of an essentially legal nature.
Jabes, Hend. "Le stress cumulatif et post-traumatique du personnel humanitaire sur le terrain et les mécanismes de défenses ou Coping". Thesis, Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100120.
Testo completoWe often talk about people in distress, but rarely about humanitarian distress. And yet they are on the ground and suffer the same events and "misfortune" that the population itself and there's no more months now without that an organization regrets the serious conditions for its staff.Mission after mission, humanitarians are repeatedly exposed to highly stressful situations and even traumatic. The humanitarian has to keep his balance and stress levels run properly for himself and the rest of the group, and ultimately for the success of the mission. Know our own limits and our ways of reaction to stressful situations by definition are part of the basic hygiene of each, and are important for our own survival.The problem is known and inevitable; it may be possible to remedy it by coping strategies to stress.This thesis aims to explain the different forms and stressors that humanitarians can suffer and their consequences at the professional level, relational, behavioral, somatic and emotional short and long term. It intends to focus the theme of coping adjustment, or strategies of coping with stress in relation to each personality type. We must make it clear here that the purpose of this research is not to predict the reaction of each person deal with stress, but to better understand and subsequently adapt coping strategies to each personality type of aid worker, described by the Five Factors personality model. We explore also the relationship between these domains of personality and level of practice in the field of humanitarian aid, similar to a level of expertise
Li, Feng. "Malaise dans la pensée éthique chinoise : ses impensés à la lumière de la psychanalyse". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC057.
Testo completoThe Chinese thought of the “axial period”, considered as a reaction to the total crisis of civilization, is marked by an “ethical” character. My thesis aims to provide clarification on the blind spots of this Chinese ethical thought, through psychoanalysis, to promote cultural renewal.My thesis is divided into six parts, each of which analyzes the different aspects of the Chinese "ethical" thought: the question of the human condition and its relation to ethics; the question of culture and morality in Chinese thought; the question of subjectivity in Chinese thought; the "complex" of filial piety and the structure of the Chinese family; the political ideals in the three Chinese traditions; the Taoist spiritual practice: "fasting of the heart" (xin zhai 心斋).Through this study, the encounter with psychoanalysis should contribute to shed light on the malaise, the “blind” aspects of Chinese thought. Because it is "read from outside" that it becomes again problematic, otherwise it "would shut itself up in silence or only make agreed remarks"
Arbouche, Marc. "Ethique des vertus et management". Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0095.
Testo completoThe objective of this research is to show that virtue ethics are more appropriate for understanding the socio-ethical stakes in management practice. This ethic is distinguishable from consequentialist ethic and conscience ethic (or duty ethic) which dominates moral thought about and on management. This thesis shows the nature of management, its topics and its context by referring to resources of Aristotle and Thomas Aquinas philosophy. The content is divided in three parts: -The first part concerns research on the common sense of management. This analysis defines the scope of the ethical and social stakes of management. -The second part is a presentation of the virtue ethics and its appropriation in management. -The third part is the application of the virtue ethics resources to the essential stakes of management, specifically participation, power, organisation and remuneration. The result of the thesis develops the heuristic and normative range of the application of virtue ethics on the social and ethical stakes of management
Miry, Claire. "Aspects pratiques et enjeux éthiques du dépistage prénatal non invasif de la trisomie 21 : mise au point et enquête auprès de professionnels de santé et de patientes". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM5030.
Testo completoThe place of Non Invasive Prenatal Testing(NIPT) is not clearly established for prenatal screening for Down syndrome in France. Our objectives were to assess the understanding, knowledge of, and attitudes towards NIPT in French patients and healthcare providers.A prospective multicenter study was performed in several French hospital centers between February 2014 and July 2015. A survey was administered to pregnant patients and to healthcare professionals.A total of 260 questionnaires were completed by healthcare providers. The average knowledge score was 5,38±2,83(out of a possible 10). In multivariate analysis, the characteristics associated with satisfactory knowledge were: profession as obstetrician or genetic counsellor, age<30 years, working in hospital or in doctor’s office, more than 50 pregnancies followed per year. Among professionals, 92,7%n=241) had a favorable attitude towards NIPT.We collected 380 questionnaires from pregnant women. The average knowledge score was very low: 2,20±1,88(out of 10). In multivariate analysis, the two significant characteristics associated with satisfactory knowledge was maternal age and having prenatal care in private practice. Among patients, 89,9%(n=328) had a favorable attitude towards NIPT.The level of knowledge of NIPT of healthcare professionals and patients is low. Many patients can not provide informed consent. However most professionals and patients are in favor of the use of this test. The input of NIPT in prenatal screening for trisomy 21 requires a considerable teaching program for healthcare providers so they can give balanced pretest information and non-directive counselling
Csánó, László. "Bernard Häring, théologien libre et fidèle : sa contribution au renouveau de la théologie morale". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20270.
Testo completoAssouly, Judith. "La mise en place de la déontologie dans les activites financiers : de la question morale à celle de la responsabilité du système financier". Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0041.
Testo completoThis research investigates the sense given to the respect for the ethical rules by the agents in the specific investment banking activities. One of the specificities of this field is the existence of tensions between the imperatives of profit and the constraints inferred by rules. The normative dimension is illustrated by the implementation of a business ethical officer (or compliance officer) function. So, the safety or ethical concerns of the agents in their practice are analyzed towards the role of the compliance officer. The moral sociology is the main approach which allows us to deal with this question, within the analysis of observed situations and interviews. We also take support on the general frame put by the social studies of finance The works of the pragmatical sociology help us to analyze the links between the evolutions of the practices and the rules in a domain of the capitalism particularly subject to the criticism. This research presents at first a stake in historical and institutional perspective of the studied financial activities. Then, the analysis of practical situations reveals that these rules answer, in their contents, an ethical requirement of the agents, and in their formaI shape in safety preoccupations. They are sometimes instrumented in the modalities of competition between professionals. The morality which seize the agents appears rather in the values which they advance as the caution or the search for a good reputation. Finally, the main stake for the agents appears as that of the safety dimension of the activities for which they feel responsible
Pagani, Victoria. "La fabrique des comportements : analyse du processus de normativité et prise en compte de l'éthique en santé publique". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0275.
Testo completoContext - There is growing interest in ethics in the health world. If the questions of medical ethics (end of life, doctor / patient relationship ...) and research ethics (Helsinki declaration ...) focus our attention, is it about ethics in health? public health and more specifically the ethics of prevention policies? While the rationale for prevention seems obvious: to promote healthy behaviors, this evidence is only apparent. The prevention at stake of many personal, cultural, societal and collective values: the definition of "good health", the freedom, the justification of the intervention of the authorities in the private life, the equity, the social justice ... As many questions as the essential ethical reflection. Thus, prevention policies and tools can not overcome ethical questioning when we are interested in the subject of health behaviors, we seek to change the "habitus" of individuals, seats of their values and their cultures. These questions are necessary and can orient strategies more precisely and contribute to their acceptability and effectiveness among the populations. Or, this ethical reflection in the field is undeveloped in France, even though it has helped research and public action. Objective - The objective of this study was to characterize the consideration of an ethical reflection during the creation of the norm in public health through a study on preventive nutritional policies. Methods - To meet this objective, in three steps: 1) Analysis of the literature on normativity, 2) analysis of the literature on tools of ethical analysis in public health Nutrition policies: the texts relative to the PNNS 3 were analyzed and Stakeholders were interviewed to reconstruct the process of developing a public health policy and price analysis of ethics and human rights. Results-This multidisciplinary research has made it possible to highlight the different definitions and types of norms as well as the interest and opportunities of ethical questioning both in the normative process in prevention and in the process of health policy development public. Perspectives- The perspectives of this study are conceptual and practical: to illustrate the relationship between norms and values, and to develop a tool for analyzing ethical issues in public health plans
Jecker, Mélanie. "La notion de prudence dans la pensée castillane médiévale et moderne (1252-1598) : Du roi Sage au roi Prudent ?" Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040213.
Testo completoThis PhD thesis deals with the notion of prudence in medieval and modern Castilian thought, from the beginning of the reign of Alfonso X of Castile, known as “the Wise King”, in 1252, until the death of Philip II, called “the Prudent King”, in 1598. The choice of a long period enabled to analyze in all its complexity the process of reception and adaptation of classical doctrines of Prudence by Castilian translators, commentators and political thinkers. The thesis shows how this concept defined in Greek and Latin Antiquity texts nourished their thougt on the dual nature of man (rational and political): Prudence is indeed the intellectual virtue that defines Man as a Political animal ; in Aristotle's Ethics and Politics, this virtue defines more particularly the ruler and the legislator. This study shows how the transmission, faithful or not, of the Aristotelian doctrine of intellectual virtues in general, and of Prudence in particular, was in Castile the place of a confrontation between two royal paradigms: opposite the model of a Wise king (sapiens, sabio) possessing absolute power, which the successive monarchs strove to maintain throughout the period, the high nobility and the Salmantine Masters of Arts proposed the image of a merely prudent ruler. This latest model, defined by Aristotle as being fallible, allowed them to claim their participation in the governance of the Kingdom
Tillmann, Serge. "La prédication d'Albert Schweitzer 1898-1948". Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00947572.
Testo completoAmegatsevi, Kokou Sename. "L'éthique du futur et le défi des technologies du vivant". Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30255/30255.pdf.
Testo completoLoum-Neeser, N'deye fatou. "Les pays en développement et la brevetabilité des médicaments en matière de lutte contre le VIH/SIDA : étude de droit comparé sur les controverses actuelles concernant le rôle des brevets pharmaceutiques dans l'accès aux médicaments de traitement du VIH/SIDA des pays en voie de développement". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAA034/document.
Testo completoIn developing countries, problems brought about by HIV/AIDS and inaccessibility of antiretrovirals (ARVs) are proving to be the cause of serious damages at all levels (demographic, political, social and economic). Within the context of the World Trade Organization, and in particular the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (“TRIPS Agreement”), a growing number of developing countries have integrated or are in the process of integrating into their national law an international standard of patent protection for pharmaceutical products and processes. Such integration continues to play a major role in the issue of access to medicines in developing countries. The conditions and effects of the protection regime respecting innovations give rise to heated debates between supporters of an increased patent protection and defenders of the access to essential medicines. One of the main motivations for our research is to provide a study that helps to find solutions that are both in favour of improving access to medicines and protecting innovation. The complex problem of access to ARV drugs in developing countries is influenced by the multidisciplinarity and interdependence of many factors. The patent system does not solve the problem on its own. However, it should be seriously considered in its function of balancing the private and collective interests. It is a valuable legal tool for the economic and technological development of the developing countries and to achieve the common interest against the pandemic
Sénécal, Karine. "La légitimité d'une éventuelle application de la thérapie germinale humaine : les aspects juridiques et éthiques". Thèse, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/2390.
Testo completoGerm-line therapy is far from being applied in a secure and responsible way because of insufficient medical knowledge. The unanimity against its human application is manifest in the normative frameworks which universally reject it as unacceptable. Certain instruments adopt a rigid approach and formally prohibit it, while others adopt a flexible approach by remaining open to possible applications. There is significant divergence on the legitimacy of this technique. Modem medicine must rest on guiding principles stemming from various sources borrowed from law and from ethics. Framing principles are derived, on one hand, from fundamental rights and freedoms such as the principles of dignity, liberty, and equality, and on the other hand, from the rules of research ethics based on principles such as beneficence and the respect for persons. The prospect of human applications of germ-line therapy does not inevitably infringe on fundamental principles. It depends the application envisaged. A restricted application, used in specific circumstances to relieve or eliminate certain forms of suffering, could respect the principles endorse fundamental rights and freedoms. Germ-line therapy raises difficult and sometimes new ethical questions: notable examples include the extension of the risks to persons other than the treated subject and the obligation of long-term follow-up for the descendants who did not consent to the research. Germ-line therapy is presently unacceptable given the current state ofknowledge; however, it should not be the object of a total prohibition.
"Mémoire présenté à la Faculté des études supérieures en vue de l'obtention du grade de Maîtrise en droit (LL.M.) Option droit, biotechnologies et société". Ce mémoire a été accepté à l'unanimité et classé parmi les 10% des mémoires de la discipline. Commentaires du jury : "Mémoire de très haute tenue. Recherche exhaustive. Traitement cohérent du sujet. Approche souvent innovatrice".
Osborne, Andrew. "Aspects sociaux et moraux de la vie urbaine dans Les nuits de Paris et Le paysan perverti de Restif de la Bretonne". 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/15457.
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