Tesi sul tema "Asia Pacific"
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Desjardins, Leslie A. (Leslie Alayne). "Automotic strategic alliances in Asia Pacific". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/10886.
Testo completoCruzcruz, Angel D. "The strategic shift to the Asia-Pacific". Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/43899.
Testo completoIn 2011, President Barack Obama announced that the United States was going to pivot toward the Asia-Pacific. There is widespread scholarly discussion as to whether this shift to the Asia-Pacific was motivated primarily by regional security anxieties or by larger economic and diplomatic interests. Through the analysis of China’s military growth and threatening behavior within the Asia-Pacific region, and the examination of various economic reasons to strategically shift to the Pacific, this thesis attempts to answer the question: Why did the United States decide in 2011 to adopt this rebalancing strategy and increase its military and economic resources to the Asia-Pacific region?
Liang, Kelly (Kelly JieRu). "Optimized transfer-pricing model for Asia Pacific". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/68894.
Testo completoCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 35).
Transfer price is an important field of study for profit maximization. As more multinational enterprises (MNEs) are involved in global trading in the recent decades, the objective to set an optimized transfer price is more crucial than ever since the difference in tax rates and tariffs have sophisticated impacts on the overall profit for the corporation. In this thesis, which focuses primarily on Asia Pacific, I will review historical transfer pricing methods, explore the factors that affect transfer price determination, and construct a mathematical model to determine the optimal transfer price by comparing and contrasting the different transfer pricing methods with data from a hypothetical company. Particularly, I will illustrate the effects of taxes and tariffs on the determination of transfer price. Consequently, I will perform sensitivity analysis with respects to tariffs, taxes, and shipping costs. The thesis will conclude with recommendations on the optimized transfer pricing methods and insights on the implications for the method.
by Kelly Liang.
M.Eng.in Logistics
Lam, Ka-ming. "Overreaction in Asia-Pacific index futures markets". HKBU Institutional Repository, 2009. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1070.
Testo completoSvoboda, Jan. "ASEAN a perspektivy jeho vnější integrace". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-74029.
Testo completoProject, International Natural Gas Trade. "East Asia/Pacific natural gas trade : final report". MIT Energy Lab, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/27236.
Testo completoHawkins, Jeffrey Edward. "A strategic choice model for Asia-Pacific shipping". Thesis, University of Plymouth, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1890.
Testo completoDasadhikari, Kingshuk. "Attribution of PM₂.₅ Health Impacts in Asia-Pacific". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/120383.
Testo completoThis electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 57-63).
Asia-Pacific anthropogenic emissions have changed rapidly in recent years due to industrialization, increasing mobility, and emissions controls. Although these changes have altered the region's burden of premature mortalities due to ambient fine particulate matter (PM₂.₅), the contribution of each sector and effectiveness of different policy measures has not yet been quantified. Such data would inform future decision-making on both policy effectiveness and the relative importance of controlling emissions from different sectors. This study estimates changes in regional anthropogenic emissions by industrial sector between 2010 and 2015, based on sector-level activity indicators and enacted emission controls. These factors are applied to an existing high-resolution emissions inventory for 2010 to estimate emissions up to 2015. Using a chemical transport model, the effects of changes in each sector's contribution to total PM₂.₅-driven premature mortalities are calculated for 2010 - 2015, in addition to the total contribution of each sector to premature mortality in 2015. 2,000,000 (95% CI: 1,740,000-2,260,000) annual global PM₂.₅-driven premature mortalities are attributed to Asia-Pacific anthropogenic sectoral emissions in 2015. The agricultural, industrial, and residential sectors constitute the top three sources of these total impacts. Between 2010 and 2015, sustained economic and activity growth, particularly in South and Southeast Asia, have led to 129,000 (95% CI: 106,000-166,000) additional annual premature mortalities, primarily across India, Indonesia, and Bangladesh. The energy and industrial sectors, in particular, cause 38,000 and 45,000 additional annual premature mortalities across these three countries respectively. Simultaneously, falling activity rates in other countries due to structural changes such as electrification of railroads, as well as newly introduced abatement measures over this period, including China's Action Plan on the Prevention and Control of Air Pollution as well as region-wide adoption of Euro IV/V/VI-compliant road vehicle emission and fuel quality standards have led to a total reduction of 95,000 (95% CI: 76,000-129,000) annual premature mortalities, primarily across East Asia, including China and Japan. These opposing drivers result in a net change of an additional 34,000 (95% CI: 23,000-47,000) PM2.5-driven annual premature mortalities between 2010 and 2015 due to Asia-Pacific anthropogenic emissions.
by Kingshuk Dasadhikari.
S.M.
Yang, Su-Chin. "An empirical investigation of Asia-Pacific stock markets". Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1999. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28501/.
Testo completoBonnor-Hay, Jenelle. "The politics of Asia-Pacific economic co-operation". Thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/128786.
Testo completoNguyen, Huu Cuong. "Interim financial reporting in the Asia-Pacific region". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2015. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/86761/1/Huu%20Cuong_Nguyen_Thesis.pdf.
Testo completoTong, Chi-hung Philip, e 湯志雄. "International trade in Asia Pacific: a study of trade liberalization and regionalism : an East Asia prospective". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31267683.
Testo completoFalster, Kathleen Anne National Centre in HIV Epidemiology & Clinical Research Faculty of Medicine UNSW. "Longitudinal studies of HIV outcomes in the Asia-Pacific". Awarded by:University of New South Wales. National Centre in HIV Epidemiology & Clinical Research, 2009. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/44599.
Testo completo許潤詒 e Yun-yee Encon Hui. "Strategic development of inflight catering in the Asia Pacific". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31267956.
Testo completoSchelcher, Michael A. "The Asia-Pacific rebalance: impact on U.S. naval strategy". Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/41440.
Testo completoThis thesis analyzes the development of the Asia-Pacific rebalance and its possible effects on United States naval strategy over the next several decades. The goal is to develop a better understanding of the Asian rebalance in order to improve future strategic choices governing the employment of the United States Navy in Asia. It argues that the Asia-Pacific rebalance and its effects continue to emphasize the importance of the U.S. Navy due to the increasing importance of U.S. economic, political and security interests regionally. In conjunction with increasing regional threats from China and North Korea, as well as non-traditional threats such as climate change or terrorism, the importance of U.S. naval presence and its interaction regionally will continue to be pivotal to future U.S. policy in the region. To accomplish this analysis it is necessary to describe the development of modern U.S. naval strategy, the historic involvement and role of the United States Navy in the Asia-Pacific and what the Navy has done substantively to integrate with the new strategy and how current policy choices can affect future U.S. naval objectives. Examining several different future scenarios and U.S. security policy goals in the Asia-Pacific, it will briefly look at costs and benefits of each situation with specific focus on the naval missions of conventional deterrence and the prevention of regional conflict as well as its impact on regional confidence building measures and the Navy's ability to assist in humanitarian disaster-relief operations. It concludes that the United States Navy can continue to adapt to the desired policy goals as set forth by the Asia-Pacific rebalance. It can achieve success through an increased prioritization of resources to the Asia-Pacific, increased political sustainability of U.S. naval forward presence in the region, and to develop a new U.S. maritime strategy that reflects new geo-strategic realities.
Deesomsak, Rataporn. "Corporate financing decisions : evidence from the Asia Pacific region". Thesis, Durham University, 2006. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/2667/.
Testo completoKodama, Yoshinori. "Asia Pacific economic integration and the GATT-WTO regime". Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.402486.
Testo completoValverde, Arévalo Marcelo Alonso. "Reflections on New Directions in Asia-Pacific Economic Integration". Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/592896.
Testo completoHui, Yun-yee Encon. "Strategic development of inflight catering in the Asia Pacific /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18831461.
Testo completoSteyn, Peter. "Online brand relationship building : Asia pacific perspectives Peter Steyn /". Luleå : Department of Business Admninstration and Social Sciences, Division of Industrial Marketing, Luleå University of Technology, 2009. http://pure.ltu.se/ws/fbspretrieve/3375787.
Testo completoLeung, Abraham. "Evaluating Urban Transport Oil Vulnerability of Asia Pacific Cities". Thesis, Griffith University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/370656.
Testo completoThesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith School of Environment
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
Full Text
Bahar, Emran. "ASEAN regionalism in the post-cold war Asia-Pacific". Phd thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/9437.
Testo completoSalmons, Richard Louis. "The Role of Status in Asia-Pacific International Relations". Phd thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/144667.
Testo completoFranklin, John K. "The hollow pact : Pacific security and the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization /". Fort Worth, Tex. : Texas Christian University, 2006. http://bibpurl.oclc.org/web/24320.
Testo completoDeng, Yong. "China and Japan in the Asia-Pacific regional economic cooperation indigenous major powers and international regime formation /". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1995. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/36384792.html.
Testo completoMartinson, Jeremy James. "Genetic variation in South Pacific Islanders". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.293422.
Testo completoCarter, Rodney William. "Cultural change and tourism : towards a prognostic model /". [St. Lucia, Qld. : s.n.], 2000. http://adt.library.uq.edu.au/public/adt-QU2001.0016/index.html.
Testo completoEdwards, Stephen J. "Bank efficiency and performance : a study of developing countries". Thesis, Cardiff University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322964.
Testo completoHu, Hong 1968. "Open skies and its recent impact on the Asia-Pacific region". Thesis, McGill University, 1997. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=20535.
Testo completoIn order to achieve this, we will describe the historic evolution of economic regulation in civil air transport, which laid the foundation for an open skies regime. Moreover, the scope of an open skies regime on a global scale is addressed. Then, a detailed study of the essential elements of bilateral open skies agreements is undertaken.
Afterwards, an analysis of the current economic air transport regulation in Asia-Pacific is conducted. With the emergence of the open skies trend, most Asia-Pacific nations began to liberalize their air transport industries. Yet, bilateral agreements remain the primary means to attain this goal.
More necessarily, several Asia-Pacific countries' air transport policies will be comprehensively examined. This examination includes Japan, China, Singapore, Taiwan, South Korea, the Philippines and Australia.
Finally, a perspective for liberalization via a hybrid of bilateral and sub-regional open skies arrangements in the Asia-Pacific region is presented.
Bezglasnyy, Anton. "Middle power theory, change and continuity in the Asia-Pacific". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/44192.
Testo completoMcGonigle, Sean. "Comparative regulation of air transport in the Asia-Pacific region". Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=19643.
Testo completoNg, Poh Yen. "Characterising High Growth Firms: Perspectives from the Asia-Pacific Region". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Department of Management, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7799.
Testo completoChan, Lai-shan, e 陳麗珊. "Development of low cost airlines in the Asia Pacific region". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B2992277X.
Testo completoNagata, Yoshiyuki. "Alternative education : global perspectives relevant to the Asia-Pacific Region /". Dordrecht : Springer : Asia-Pacific Educational Research Association, 2007. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0824/2007416636-t.html.
Testo completoWhite, Timothy William. "Identifying drivers of Chikungunya virus transmission in the Asia-Pacific". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2021. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/225936/1/Timothy_White_Thesis.pdf.
Testo completoBernasconi, Beatrice <1989>. "Long-Haul Low-Cost Airlines in the Asia Pacific Region". Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/3404.
Testo completoWong, Yan-ping Agnes. "The geography of Internet production and consumption in the Asia-Pacific". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B35319999.
Testo completoNguyen, Do Quoc Tho Banking & Finance Australian School of Business UNSW. "Target interest rate news effects on the Asia pacific financial markets". Publisher:University of New South Wales. Banking & Finance, 2009. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/43788.
Testo completoHu, Hong. "Open skies and its recent impact on the Asia-Pacific region". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0007/MQ44061.pdf.
Testo completoCHANG, HSIEN-JUI, e 張獻瑞. "US Asia-Pacific Policy and East Asian Competition". Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/mr6372.
Testo completo國立中正大學
戰略暨國家安全碩士在職專班
105
Under the aegis of the so-called "manipulated instability" established by U.S. hegemonic intervention and military presence, the post-cold war period sees a significant economic growth in the Western Pacific region, the democratic system continued to play an impact, and the world remained relatively stable and peaceful, as in line with the fundamental interests of the United States. Nevertheless, the Western Pacific countries are still plagued by serious contradictions, which, if not properly handled, will undermine the current peace and prosperity enjoyed by the neighboring countries in the region; these issues include the North Korean nuclear crisis, the China reunification/Taiwan Strait crisis, and the prospect of terrorism driven by racial and religious tensions in Southeast Asian countries like Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. On the other hand, the United States itself is faced with an unprecedented security threat, mainly including a widening socioeconomic gap between the rich and poor that leads to ethnic conflicts and increased social unrest; the infiltration of violent extremist terrorist organizations into the United States, upending social order and wrecking living environment through guerrilla warfare.Consequently, the United States will unquestionably invest more resources on homeland security, thus trimming the budget for stationing troops overseas and crippling its "Asia-Pacific maritime security strategy" with a lack of funding. Looking at the change and development of Asia as a whole, this paper aims to shed new light on the purpose of studying international security relations, in addition to examining the general theory and practice of international relations, Taiwan's threats and challenges, in particular, will be explored in depth.
"Currency options in Asia Pacific". Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1989. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5885997.
Testo completo楊人超. "Multilateralism and Asia-Pacific security". Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/45303699991674234790.
Testo completo東吳大學
政治學系研究所
86
Among the present devices for the Asia-Pacific security, there is no doubt that the emerging multilateralism has received much more attention than the others. Over the past years, a variety of multilateral institutions in the Asia-Pacific region, including trackⅠand trackⅡ diplomacy, have been increasing rapidly and also playing positive roles in promoting the regional multilateral security cooperation and even handling some potential conflict issues in this region. Yet, some analysts contend that multilateralism, which is derived from the Europe may not be applicable to the context of the Asia-Pacific with its diverse, complex and unique circumstances. Therefore, this essay is intended to discuss two primary subjects. First, the author will introduce the concepts, norms, and characteristics in the process of developing the Asia-Pacific multilateralism, which is known as "Asia-Pacific Way". Second, based on the two notable contending theories─Neorealism and Neoliberal institutionalism in the international relations, he will also evaluate the viability of these new security schemes, and predict the prospects for them further.
Peng, Dajin. "The rise of a Pacific community? evolution and trends of Asia Pacific economic cooperation /". 1995. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/36231849.html.
Testo completoLee, Chien-Hong. "International cooperation in the world of sovereign but interdependent nation states Asia Pacific economic cooperation as an international regime /". 2001. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/52211394.html.
Testo completoWay, Min-Sun, e 魏銘山. "Industrial Minerals Potential in Asia-Pacific". Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/09813289922533130006.
Testo completoYeh, Chien-Chang, e 葉建昌. "A Study : Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation". Thesis, 1995. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/64014374788030478442.
Testo completoTang, Donny Chiu Pui. "An econometric study of economic integration among the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Countries". 1995. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/38194339.html.
Testo completoLi, Kun-Jin, e 李坤晉. "A Study on Asia Pacific Economic Integration". Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/94805696325105998293.
Testo completo國立臺灣大學
國際企業學研究所
94
In the face of fierce global market competition, regional economic consolidation has already become the main topic of discussion concerning current global economics and trade. The adoption of the Euro by the European Union in 1999 brought about a succession of regional economic consolidation. The Asian and Pacific areas, naturally have been unable to remain unaffected. With the continuous involvement of China, Japan and Korea, the Association of South East Asian Nations is having a greater affect on world trade. This paper uses the “Attraction Model” together with eight years of trade and economic data from 1997 to 2004 to look at the long term trend of trade between 42 countries and 7 regional economic organizations. An investigation is made of the close relationship between South East Asian countries regards trade cooperation. The main conclusions made from the empirical analysis are as follows: (1) Trade blocks (groups of countries) have already formed. According to our regression analysis, we find there are increasing numbers of blocks formed each year, which shows that trade volume is increasing each year between ASEAN countries.(2) It was found that distance between countries, population, gross national product and a country’s political stability all have an influence on a country’s trade volume. With the formation of ASEAN trade blocks; China and the ASEAN Free Trade Area(AFTA) and even the ASEAN Plus Three(APT) are all having an extremely significant impact on Taiwan. This paper avoids looking at the domestic economies of ASEAN countries but rather looks at inter border trade between these countries. Finally some recommendations are made about policy.
Lin, Yi-Ching, e 林佾靜. "Vietnam''s Asia-Pacific Policy (1954~2000)". Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/57268677529272602600.
Testo completo國立暨南國際大學
公共行政與政策學系
89
By the end of 20th century, Vietnam comes up a newly industrial nation in the world, inducing other developed countries'' capital inwards. How Vietnam develops and prospers in recent years has caused worldwide attention. However, prior to 1980s, Vietnam was nothing but " Hotpoint of conflicts" in Southeast Asia. Since 1954''s Dien Bien Phu Battle struggling for independence and prosperity, Vietnam, on the contrary, was wrapped up in another wave of conflicts finally turning out bloody war with U.S, in spite of independent status in Geneva Agreement after the first Indochina War. By nature, how Vietnam evolved, independent, divided or united, lasting from 1950s to 1970s, all is deeply involved in the complicated pull-and-push operations among Superpowers in Asia Pacific area, like U.S , The former USSR, and the Communism China. In other words, Vietnam''s national status is impossible to exclude the consideration of the whole development in the area where big powers struggle with each other fiercely. The thesis will argue why Vietnam made significant changes in external policy in different stages, divided into four periods. We find that the debates of cause-and-effect relations on dramatic upheavals must be placed under the entire power structure of Asia Pacific with time ahead, and there will be a complete and comprhensive discussion. Namely, it is Asia-Pacific dynamics, from Cold war to Post Cold way, that conduced to Hanoi ''s claims to his own security strategy, to a great extent. In the thesis, we will see how Vietnam identifies " self" and " other" in her policymaking and then what instruments and means she took to carry out desired national interests and goals. In the course, we can observe subtle activism , a clear mirror of Vietnam''s will and deeds shaped and transformed by external factors , political and economic. As many mentioned scholars or officials assume, we also think Asia -Pacific is the most active all over the world, political and economic. Especially for Vietnam, the matter of survival and prosperity is greatly related to the area''s mood of security. Namely, even beyond Cold war, Vietnam is still highly subject to the area''s power games, conditioned and confined. However, behind the given constraints, Vietnam''s opportunities are in the very coupling. Therefore, we mean to prove Asia-Pacific is the key context to penetrate the nature of Vietnam''s long-term external relation. Here, Vietnam''s Asia-Pacific policy plays an important role to reflect her changing worldview and national interests.
Ce, Dong-long, e 謝東龍. "Studies on Putin’s Policies toward Asia-pacific". Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/01323711072947455566.
Testo completo南華大學
歐洲研究所
91
Asia-Pacific also holds enormous strategic significance for Russia. It remains an area of immense concentration of military power, including many of the largest armies in the world. There are a number of unsettled territorial and ethno-religious conflicts which have the potential to cause, or are already causing, instability in the entire region. It should be noted that Russia itself is a party to some unresolved territorial disputes such as the Kuril dispute. The Russian leadership has repeatedly emphasized that Russia had always been a Eurasian country, with regard not only to its territory but also its interests, policies, and even psychology. It is commonplace to ascertain that the Asia-Pacific region (APR) is of vital and growing concern to Russia. A number of particular Russian economic, political and strategic interests can be highlighted. Moscow is very interested in developing the Russian Far East through co-operation with the neighboring countries (albeit the federal center often simply eliminated local problems). The main problem for Moscow with regards to the region is staying engaged and remaining an important player in the future development of Asia-Pacific. This has been made difficult for two reasons. Firstly, Russian military power has been dramatically reduced in the area. Russia simply can no longer afford to maintain the same level of military presence in the region as it did with the Soviet Union. Secondly, because of the dire economic conditions that now prevail in Russia, it currently has little to offer other Far Eastern countries and this being at the very time that economic strength has become the manifestation of a country’s power and significance. Along with the internal major threats to Russia's security, the document identifies a number of dangers stemming from the international dynamics. The doctrine highlights the following sources of external threat: territorial claims; attempts of foreign countries to use Russia's domestic problems for weakening its international positions or challenging its territorial integrity. External challenges, however, are of less significance than internal threats. Present-day Russian security thinking does not limit the notion of security only to strategic-military issues (‘hard’ security). Rather, it acknowledges that in the contemporary world ‘soft’ security may matter more than security in traditional sense. As Russia aims at creating favorable conditions for developing its foreign economic relations with the countries of the region and eliminating any barriers to such a co-operation. Moscow pushes ASEAN and Asia-Pacific Economic Co-operation forum (APEC) to promote free trade principles in the APR. Moscow was pleased with the APEC’s decision to admit Russia as a full-fledged member in November 1998. Russian leadership tries both to encourage the region’s foreign economic relations and keep them under its control. Moscow becomes especially nervous when the Far Eastern provinces demonstrate any signs of separatism. Present-day Russian security thinking does not limit the notion of security only to strategic-military issues (‘hard’ security). Rather, it acknowledges that in the contemporary world ‘soft’ security may matter more than security in traditional sense. The Asia-Pacific countries (including Russia) are facing new economic challenges such as uneven development, depletion of non-renewable natural resources, trade wars, competition for markets and sources of raw materials, environmental degradation, food shortages and so on. Moscow repeatedly emphasised that it considered protection of Russia’s economic interests in Asia-Pacific as an important foreign policy objective. Despite the seeming number of threats, most of Russian politicians, military and analysts assess the above mentioned challenges optimistically rather than pessimistically. They view Asia-Pacific as a region that really is not burdened with major security threats. These threats mainly originate from the ‘soft’ rather than from the ‘hard’ security domain. Such threats could be successfully met by developing economic and humanitarian co-operation and creating interdependency mechanism rather than by traditional means such as military build-up or alliance-formation.