Bibliografie tematiche / Artificial implants

Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Artificial implants"

Autore: Grafiati
Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021
Ultima modifica: 5 marzo 2023

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Artificial implants"

1

Marchewka, M., e J. Zubrzycki. "Construction aspects of intraocular artificial lenses". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2412, n. 1 (1 dicembre 2022): 012011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2412/1/012011.

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Abstract A cataract is a disease of the 21st century. In highly developed countries, the opacification of the intraocular lens is removed and replaced with an implant. This article discusses the essential aspects related to the construction of implants that imitate the natural lens of the eyeball. The research was carried out owing to X-ray microtomography. Observer design differences in the two lenses' structures contribute to the implant's quality in question. The study aimed to check and compare two types of implants in terms of the design and manufacturing quality of the given lenses. The common element of the implants in question was their material and manufacturer. Lenses of the same material were used to maintain the same optics. The results gave a comparison in terms of the quality of the product in terms of the creation and modelling of the lenses than the properties of the material itself from which they were made.
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Bowers, Christian A., Jaron H. McMullin, Cameron Brimley, Linsey Etherington, Faizi A. Siddiqi e Jay Riva-Cambrin. "Minimizing bone gaps when using custom pediatric cranial implants is associated with implant success". Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 16, n. 4 (ottobre 2015): 439–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2015.2.peds14536.

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OBJECT Occasionally after a craniotomy, the bone flap is discarded (as in the case of osteomyelitis) or is resorbed (especially after trauma), and an artificial implant must be inserted in a delayed fashion. Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) implants and hard-tissue replacement patient-matched implants (HTR-PMI) are both commonly used in such cases. This study sought to compare the failure rate of these 2 implants and identify risk factors of artificial implant failure in pediatric patients. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study examining all pediatric patients who received PEEK or HTR-PMI cranioplasty implants from 2000 to 2013 at a single institution. The authors examined the following variables: age, sex, race, mechanism, surgeon, posttraumatic hydrocephalus, time to cranioplasty, bone gap width, and implant type. The primary outcome of interest was implant failure, defined as subsequent removal and replacement of the implant. These variables were analyzed in a bivariate statistical fashion and in a multivariate logistic regression model for the significant variables. RESULTS The authors found that 78.3% (54/69) of implants were successful. The mean patient age was 8.2 years, and a majority of patients were male (73%, 50/69); the mean follow-up for the cohort was 33.3 months. The success rate of the 41 HTR-PMI implants was 78.1%, and the success rate of the 28 PEEK implants was 78.6% (p = 0.96). Implants with a bone gap of > 6 mm were successful in 33.3% of cases, whereas implants with a gap of < 6 mm had a success rate of 82.5% (p = 0.02). In a multivariate model with custom-type implants, previous failed custom cranial implants, time elapsed from previous cranioplasty attempt, and bone gap size, the only independent risk factor for implant failure was a bone gap > 6 mm (odds ratio 8.3, 95% confidence interval 1.2–55.9). CONCLUSIONS PEEK and HTR-PMI implants appear to be equally successful when custom implantation is required. A bone gap of > 6 mm with a custom implant in children results in significantly higher artificial implant failure.
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Lambert, Lorraine. "Artificial Hair Implants". International Society of Hair Restoration Surgery 6, n. 5 (settembre 1996): 9.2–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.33589/6.5.9b.

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Inoue, Takashi. "The development of an artificial protein for periodontal application". Impact 2018, n. 3 (15 giugno 2018): 79–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21820/23987073.2018.3.79.

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Most artificial implants in medicine are purely mechanical. They do not harness the natural biology, merely co-exist alongside it. This is no different in dentistry where false teeth tend not to interact with the biology of the mouth. Inoue and his team are developing bio-hybrid dental implants that are capable integrating themselves into the jawbone. The new implant will be more stable and long-lasting as well as being able to replicate the function and feel of natural teeth. They also have the crucial ability of being able to adapt to the restructuring in the jawbone that occurs as children age. Children's adult teeth must be able to move as the jawbone grows and adapt to new positions. Inoue summarises the issues surrounding dental implants: 'At present, dental implants are connected directly to the alveolar bone, with no mediation by periodontal tissues. It must be remembered, however, that these tissues play an important role not only in tooth support, but also in maintaining various physiological functions, including sensation and the tooth movement that usually accompanies bone remodelling.' The implant designed by Inoue and his team is based on a standard titanium core, but is enhanced in several different ways. The implant is coated in hydroxyapatite (HA), a mineral found in high concentrations in dentin and that is known to help stimulate bone growth. This basic implant is transplanted with a mixture of periodontal tissue extracted from another tooth. Together, HA and the periodontal tissue work together to promote true ossointegraton and the creation of a bio-hybrid implant. In experiments with young mice, the implant has been shown to integrate fully in the jaw and move as and when necessary during development, just like a normal tooth. In addition to these benefits, the novel hybrid actually maintains the ability of the tooth to sense noxious stimuli – something no current implant can do.
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Mohammadi, Bijan, Zahra Abdoli e Ehsan Anbarzadeh. "Investigation of the Effect of Abutment Angle Tolerance on the Stress Created in the Fixture and Screw in Dental Implants Using Finite Element Analysis". Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering 51 (14 giugno 2021): 63–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jbbbe.51.63.

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Today, an artificial tooth root called a dental implant is used to replace lost tooth function. Treatment with dental implants is considered an effective and safe method. However, in some cases, the use of dental implants had some failures. The success of dental implants is influenced by several biomechanical factors such as loading type, used material properties, shape and geometry of implants, quality and quantity of bone around implants, surgical method, lack of rapid and proper implant surface's integration with the jaw bone, etc. The main purpose of functional design is to investigate and control the stress distribution on dental implants to optimize their performance. Finite element analysis allows researchers to predict the stress distribution in the bone implant without the risk and cost of implant placement. In this study, the stresses created in the 3A.P.H.5 dental implant's titanium fixture and screw due to the change in abutment angles tolerance have been investigated. The results show that although the fixture and the screw's load and conditions are the same in different cases, the change of the abutment angle and the change in the stress amount also made a difference in the location of maximum stress. The 21-degree abutment puts the fixture in a more critical condition and increases the chance of early plasticization compared to other states. The results also showed that increasing the abutment angle to 24 degrees reduces the stress in the screw, but decreasing the angle to 21 degrees leads to increased screw stress and brings it closer to the fracture.
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Walter, Peter. "Implants for artificial vision". Expert Review of Ophthalmology 4, n. 5 (ottobre 2009): 515–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/eop.09.42.

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Earar, Kamel, Ioan Sirbu, Ctristian Onisor e Elena Luca. "Oral Rehabilitation on Implants and Introduction of Pathogenic Mechanisms in Relation to Oral Implants - Sugar Diabetes". Revista de Chimie 70, n. 10 (15 novembre 2019): 3750–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.19.10.7639.

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Dental implants are made of medical titanium and perfectly fit into human bone tissue; the dental implant can last a lifetime. Not beeing living organic structures, there are no nerve endings, neither at the implant level nor at the artificial crown level. The use of quality implants by an experienced implantologist, assisted by advanced technology, transforms the treatment with dental implants into the medical-surgical act with the highest success rate among dental and even medical treatments.Through the complete replacement of the tooth, including the root, can artificially reproduce the function of the natural tooth, with a strong and stable base. The implant crown, made of aesthetic materials (porcelain, zirconium) and anchored to it by means of the prosthetic abutment, will be surrounded by a healthy and aesthetic gum. Especially if the prosthetic abutment (the connecting element between the implant itself and the artificial crown) will be made of zirconium - natural light will cross ceramic layers, similar to enamel and dentine, offering a white of envy and glitter to the smile. Around the porcelain crowns (whole ceramics or zirconia ceramics) the gingiva will conform healthily, without the slightest sign of inflammation. These elements, the white of the teeth and the pink of the gums define the concept of dental aesthetics. The main problems that diabetic patients may encounter, are gingival inflammation and periodontal disease, dental mobility and tooth loss. When a dental implant is influenced by the type of diabetes, its failure rate is higher in patients with type 1 diabetes than in patients with type 2 diabetes. The study included a number of 56 patients, who presented themselves for performing an implant. Of these, 7 patients did not perform an implant. Diabetes mellitus defines a chronic metabolic disorder, which may have multiple etiopathogenesis, characterized by changes in carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism. Stability of the implant in the bone, immediately after implantation is crucial for the success of the treatment; this immediate stability is called primary stability and is purely mechanical in nature.
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Casesnoves, Francisco. "Nonlinear Comparative Optimization for Biomaterials Wear in Artificial Implant Technology". Key Engineering Materials 800 (aprile 2019): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.800.52.

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Today, artificial implants (AI) industry depends strongly on tribological constitution of the material (s) of the implant. Erosion, corrosion, tribocorrosion and biocorrosion are essential factors to determine both functionality and lifetime of the AIs. Histo-Biocompatibility is also an additional constraint, indispensable for implant manufacturing process. The prediction of durability, based on the computational and experimental study of constituents of AI material (s) are key factors to obtain objective data of any AI characteristics. This contribution deals with a computational comparative analysis of materials for hip implants using Archard’s model mainly. Selected hip implant material hardness are Co-Cr alloy and Titanium types. Method is carried out with specific material data, e.g., hardness or wear constants, nonlinear optimization and graphical subroutines. Results presented are both numerical and graphical. Particular interest is focused on application of the 3D Graphical Optimization method.
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Romanos, Georgios E., Gerard A. Fischer, Zaid T. Rahman e Rafael Delgado-Ruiz. "Spectrometric Analysis of the Wear from Metallic and Ceramic Dental Implants following Insertion: An In Vitro Study". Materials 15, n. 3 (4 febbraio 2022): 1200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15031200.

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Titanium wear is a growing area of interest within dental implantology. This study aimed to investigate titanium and zirconium wear from dental implants at the time of insertion using X-ray-fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) and an in vitro protocol utilizing artificial bovine bone plates. Five groups were analyzed using XRF-spectrometry: groups 1–4 (titanium implants) and group 5 (zirconia implants). The implants were inserted into two bone blocks held together by a vice. The blocks were separated, and the insertion sites were analyzed for titanium (Ti) and zirconium (Zr). Statistical descriptive analyses of Ti and Zr concentrations in the coronal, middle and apical bone interface were performed. A comparative analysis confirmed differences between the implant’s surface stability and Ti accumulation within the insertion sites of the bone block. There was a direct relationship between implant length and the quantity of titanium found on the bone block. The data generally indicates greater quantities of titanium in the coronal thirds of the implants, and less in the apical thirds. The titanium and zirconium found in the bone samples where the group 5 implants were inserted was not of statistical significance when compared to control osteotomies. The results of this study confirm wear from metallic, but not ceramic, dental implants at the time of insertion.
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Roman, Călin Rareş, e Lidia Adriana Sorcoi. "Preliminary Studies Regarding the Behaviour of New Titanium Implants". Materials Science Forum 672 (gennaio 2011): 233–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.672.233.

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This paper presents a study concerning a new titanium-based product reached by the specific techniques of powder metallurgy. The product was tested in vitro to corrosion in artificial saliva and in vivo by biological inocuity on sheep and rats for biocompatibility. The chemical composition of artificial saliva solutions used for general corrosion tests were: Fusayama solution; Carter solution; Ericsson solution; Hank solution; Ringer solution. The exposure length was 48, 720, 1440 and 2784 hours. On the sheep, six titanium implants of purity 99.89%, sintered with microporosities and nanoporosities at the surface were administered. Function of implant location, three cm incisions in the skin was made in the following regions: retroscapular for subcutaneous implants, in the tibial diaphysis for the subperiostal implant and in the Latimus Dorsi region for the intramuscular implant. Three different lots of Wistar breed rats were used; the sintered 3.5/1.5 cm titanium implants were placed subcutaneously and intermuscles. Parameters of descriptive statistics were used to assess inflammatory reaction.
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Più fonti

Tesi sul tema "Artificial implants"

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Swamy, Amit. "Development of laboratory spine with artificial muscles". Thesis, University of Hull, 2007. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:780.

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There is an increasing demand for spinal surgery and a growing number of new spinal implants and surgical procedures being offered by orthopaedic companies. However, the testing of spinal implants and spinal instrumentation is problematic, with testing in cadavers and animals becoming increasingly difficult and both having significant limitations. Thus the aim of this research is to develop an artificial laboratory spine that will have the same physical and biomechanical properties as the human spine. Validation of computer model is difficult hence an active artificial laboratory spine is being developed. A number of spinal elements have been produced and are being investigated, including an artificial intervertebral disc with different material properties to allow it to simulate different clinical conditions. The study is the first of its kind with the characteristics of the disc material that have been assessed in the laboratory, artificial muscles and spring elements and with normal physiological movements compared and validated from the reported literature. The model was used to investigate the potential of Shape Memory Alloy wires to act as artificial muscles and to control the movement of the spine. It is anticipated that the laboratory spine will have a number of other applications, in particular in the assessment of spinal instrumentation and testing. An actual geometry laboratory spine is also generated with suitable manufacturing technique for intervertebral disc, which has an accurate surface profile to fit between the two vertebral bodies above and below it, is discussed in this thesis.
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Zeng, Shengyue. "Bonnet polishing of cobalt chrome alloys for artificial implants". Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2014. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/19751/.

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Cobalt chrome (CoCr) alloys are the most extensively used biomaterials for manufacturing artificial implants which need nanometre scale surface finish and micrometre scale form tolerance to allow long term survival in vivo. Traditional finishing of these devices is usually carried out by manual or simple robot polishing which are time-consuming and labour-intensive. The aim of this thesis is to investigate and develop a deterministic polishing process for improving the surface finish and form tolerance of the bearing surfaces of artificial implants. In order to improve the surface finish for CoCr alloys, a Taguchi method with the consideration of interaction effects was applied to optimise the process parameters. By using the optimised process parameters, the surface roughness of workpieces can be improved up to 8nm Sa, which is far better than 50nm Ra, the recommended value of ISO 7206-2:2011 for metallic bearing surface of artificial implants. The evolution of all 15 parameters of surface topography during polishing process has been investigated. In addition, the effects of the combination of polishing cloths/pads and abrasives on surface topography have been investigated as well, indicating that both polishing cloths/pads and abrasives can affect the improvement of surface topography. A deterministic polishing process is dependent on the material removal which is controlled by process parameters. The way of which material removal and polishing forces were affected by the process parameters has been investigated. Based on the experimental data, a modified Preston equation model was created to predict the material removal rate for bonnet polishing of CoCr alloys. Form tolerance plays a very significant role in the bearing surfaces of artificial implants. By using the method of form correction, a new design of multi-radius femoral head which is unable to be fabricated by traditional polishing process was successfully manufactured. In addition, form correction was also applied to a roughly ground freeform knee femoral component. The success of the form correction experiments indicated that bonnet polishing is a robust technology when applied to the surfaces of artificial implants.
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Santos, Alex Eugênio dos [UNESP]. "Desenvolvimento de parafuso de interferência bioabsorvível para cirurgia de joelho em PLDL (poli ácido lático) e compósito PLDL + βTCP (beta trifosfato de cálcio)". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/124038.

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O parafuso de interferência é o dispositivo de fixação mais usados em cirurgias de reconstrução ligamentar de joelho. O uso dos polímeros bioabsorvíveis está sendo cada vez mais utilizados nesta aplicação, devido suas vantagens relacionadas à excelente biocompatibilidade, bioabsorção, integração do enxerto/osso e também facilidade na revisão cirúrgica. O presente estudo tem por objetivo tem por objetivo o desenvolvimento de um parafuso de interferência bioabsorvível fabricado através do processo de injeção em dois polímeros bioabsorvíveis: PLDL (Poli L-D-ácido lático) e um compósito de PLDL+30% TCP (β Trifosfato de Cálcio). Para o desenvolvimento do projeto do produto foi usado um programa de análise estrutural por elementos finitos, de forma a obter a melhor geometria do encaixe de ferramenta. Através dos estudos de simulação por elementos finitos foi possível selecionar a geometria com maior resistência mecânica levando em conta o esforço de torção e além disso foi possível analisar a influência de furos transversais nas tensões mecânicas geradas pelos esforços de torção. Após a definição da melhor geometria, foram fabricadas amostras dos parafusos com os dois polímeros selecionados, os quais foram esterilizados por ETO (Óxido de etileno). Foram realizados testes mecânicos de torque inserção e torque de ruptura. A resistência mecânica do parafuso foi avaliada através da comparação entre os valores do torque de inserção comparando-se com o torque máximo de ruptura. Para contribuir o estudo foi executado teste de degradação in vitro, durante um período de 180 dias, onde foi avaliada a perda de massa dos implantes, resistência mecânica e queda do peso molecular dos implantes. Logo foi possível avaliar o compartamento mecânico dos implantes em degradação comparando-os com os requerimentos da aplicação. Pode-se observar que a degradação molecular do implante ao longo dos...
The interference screw is the fixation device most selected for Knee ligament reconstruction surgeries. The use of Bioabsorbable polymers in interference screws for this application is increasing due it has advantages like excellent biocompatibility, bioabsorption, good integration between graft / bone and also facility in the surgical revision. The aims of the present study were to develop a bioabsorbable interference screw manufactured by the injection moulding process with two distinct polymeric materials: PLDL, Poly(L,DL-Latic acid) and a composite PLDL + 30% TCP (β Tricalcium phosphate). A program for structural analysis by finite elements was used in the development of the screw design, in the intend to make the best geometry fit for the tool. Trough the study by finite elements simulation it was possible to chose the geometry with higher mechanical resistance taking in the account the torsion effort and analyse the influence of transversals holes in the mechanical tensions made by the torque efforts. After the definition of the best geometry, samples of the screw were manufactured with the two selected polymers, sterilized with ETO (ethylene oxide). Were performed mechanical tests, insertion test and torque to break. The mechanical strenght of the screw was evaluated through the comparison between the values of insertion torque and maximum rupture. In addition, a in vitro, degradation test was performed over a period of 180 year days. It was observed, the weight loss, mechanical strength of the implants was evaluated, and molecular weight drops of the implants. Therefore it was possible to evaluate the mechanical behavior in degradation and compare with the application requirements. It can be observed that the raise of the molecular degradation of the implant along the months had as result a loss of the mechanical resistance of the screw, ina slowly and gradual way for the PLDL material, yet the composite material (PLDL+TCP)...
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Soranz, Filho João Edward [UNESP]. "O uso de implantes orbitários no reparo de cavidades anoftálmicas". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86305.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Alterações oculares, em especial a perda de volume nas cavidades evisceradas, promovem uma série de modificações ao paciente tanto funcional do órgão quanto psicológica e estética. Uma grande preocupação ao longo do tempo é a procura de um material que possa preencher o volume perdido de forma a dar um maior conforto no ponto de visto psicológico e estético ao paciente. Para contribuir nessa direção, esse trabalho teve como objetivo testar experimentalmente prótese de polietileno granulado de ultra-alto peso molecular, material de baixo custo, em órbitas de coelhos submetidos à evisceração cirúrgica em vários tempos experimentais, onde foram avaliados aspectos macroscópicos e microscópicos e de toxicidade sistêmica do material. Os resultados desse trabalho mostram que o material utilizado no implante de cavidade não apresenta alteração significativa nos parâmetros analisados quando comparados ao grupo controle. Sendo resultados bastante promissores indicando que o implante de polietileno poroso desenvolvido por uma indústria nacional tem alto potencial para se realizar testes em humanos
Ocular changes especially the loss of volume in eviscerated cavities promotes several modifications to patients – organ functioning and psychological and esthetical changes. A material that could replace the lost volume in order to guarantee to patients more psychological and esthetical comfort has long been worryingly searched. Contributing in this direction this work aimed at testing experimentally a prosthesis polyethylene granulate of ultra-high molecular weight made of a low cost material to be implanted in orbit of rabbits through surgical evisceration during several experimental times to assess macroscopic and microscopic aspects of systemic toxicity of the respective material. The results show that the material used for the implant of the prosthesis in the cavity does not present significant alteration in the analysed parameters when compared to the control group. Thus, we point with this study promising results indicating that the porous polyethylene implant developed by a national enterprise presents high potential to be tested in humans
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Estambasse, Eduardo Costa [UNESP]. "Análise de materiais para sistemas de fechamento ósseo através da caracterização superficial e comportamento mecânico". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/132584.

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Neste trabalho busca-se observar um estudo de caracterização mecânica em materiais destinados a implantes, a caracterização superficial dos corpos de provas usinados dos três tipos de materiais utilizados nos implantes para fechamento ósseo titânio grau cinco, titânio grau quatro e aço inox 316 L, estes três tipos de materiais são considerados como biomateriais pois possuem todas as propriedades necessárias para reconstrução óssea, e tem provado ser eficiente para implantes. Este estudo se dará através da aplicação detalhada de ensaios de caracterização superficial e propriedades mecânicas. Um estudo da rugosidade dos materiais antes do implante e a determinação do módulo de cisalhamento e elasticidade utilizando um método não destrutivo foram utilizados. Será apresentado uma síntese dos diferentes tipos de fixação e comparados aos resultados dos ensaios nos materiais. Nos materiais usinados em formatos de discos, foram coletadas imagens num mmicroscópio confocal, e foi realizada análise da superfície com a finalidade de obtenção da rugosidade média quadrática de cada material a fim de identificar a melhor condição de superfície. Uma revisão de literatura fundamentará o estudo proposto
In this work the aim is to observe a mechanical characterization study materials for implants, the surface characteristics of the machined test samples of three types of materials used in bone implants for closing five grade titanium, and titanium grade for stainless steel 316 L, there three types of materials are considered as biomaterials because they posses the necessary properties for bone reconstruction, and has proven to be efficient for implants. This study will be through the detailed application of surface characterization and mechanical properties testing. A study of the roughness of the material before implantation and determining the shear modulus and elasticity using a non-destructive method were used. A summary of different types of fasteners and compared to the test results on the materials will be presented. In machined materials dise formats, images were collected on a confocal microscope, and surface analysis was performed for the purpose of obtaining the mean roughness and mean square surface roughness in order to identify the best surface condition. A literature review reasons or the proposed study
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Santos, Alex Eugênio dos. "Desenvolvimento de parafuso de interferência bioabsorvível para cirurgia de joelho em PLDL (poli ácido lático) e compósito PLDL + βTCP (beta trifosfato de cálcio) /". Bauru, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/124038.

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Orientador: Luiz Eduardo de Ângelo Sanchez
Banca: Bento Rodrigues de Pontes Junior
Banca: Arthur Alves Fiocchi
Resumo: O parafuso de interferência é o dispositivo de fixação mais usados em cirurgias de reconstrução ligamentar de joelho. O uso dos polímeros bioabsorvíveis está sendo cada vez mais utilizados nesta aplicação, devido suas vantagens relacionadas à excelente biocompatibilidade, bioabsorção, integração do enxerto/osso e também facilidade na revisão cirúrgica. O presente estudo tem por objetivo tem por objetivo o desenvolvimento de um parafuso de interferência bioabsorvível fabricado através do processo de injeção em dois polímeros bioabsorvíveis: PLDL (Poli L-D-ácido lático) e um compósito de PLDL+30% TCP (β Trifosfato de Cálcio). Para o desenvolvimento do projeto do produto foi usado um programa de análise estrutural por elementos finitos, de forma a obter a melhor geometria do encaixe de ferramenta. Através dos estudos de simulação por elementos finitos foi possível selecionar a geometria com maior resistência mecânica levando em conta o esforço de torção e além disso foi possível analisar a influência de furos transversais nas tensões mecânicas geradas pelos esforços de torção. Após a definição da melhor geometria, foram fabricadas amostras dos parafusos com os dois polímeros selecionados, os quais foram esterilizados por ETO (Óxido de etileno). Foram realizados testes mecânicos de torque inserção e torque de ruptura. A resistência mecânica do parafuso foi avaliada através da comparação entre os valores do torque de inserção comparando-se com o torque máximo de ruptura. Para contribuir o estudo foi executado teste de degradação in vitro, durante um período de 180 dias, onde foi avaliada a perda de massa dos implantes, resistência mecânica e queda do peso molecular dos implantes. Logo foi possível avaliar o compartamento mecânico dos implantes em degradação comparando-os com os requerimentos da aplicação. Pode-se observar que a degradação molecular do implante ao longo dos...
Abstract: The interference screw is the fixation device most selected for Knee ligament reconstruction surgeries. The use of Bioabsorbable polymers in interference screws for this application is increasing due it has advantages like excellent biocompatibility, bioabsorption, good integration between graft / bone and also facility in the surgical revision. The aims of the present study were to develop a bioabsorbable interference screw manufactured by the injection moulding process with two distinct polymeric materials: PLDL, Poly(L,DL-Latic acid) and a composite PLDL + 30% TCP (β Tricalcium phosphate). A program for structural analysis by finite elements was used in the development of the screw design, in the intend to make the best geometry fit for the tool. Trough the study by finite elements simulation it was possible to chose the geometry with higher mechanical resistance taking in the account the torsion effort and analyse the influence of transversals holes in the mechanical tensions made by the torque efforts. After the definition of the best geometry, samples of the screw were manufactured with the two selected polymers, sterilized with ETO (ethylene oxide). Were performed mechanical tests, insertion test and torque to break. The mechanical strenght of the screw was evaluated through the comparison between the values of insertion torque and maximum rupture. In addition, a "in vitro", degradation test was performed over a period of 180 year days. It was observed, the weight loss, mechanical strength of the implants was evaluated, and molecular weight drops of the implants. Therefore it was possible to evaluate the mechanical behavior in degradation and compare with the application requirements. It can be observed that the raise of the molecular degradation of the implant along the months had as result a loss of the mechanical resistance of the screw, ina slowly and gradual way for the PLDL material, yet the composite material (PLDL+TCP)...
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Estambasse, Eduardo Costa. "Análise de materiais para sistemas de fechamento ósseo através da caracterização superficial e comportamento mecânico /". Bauru, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/132584.

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Orientador: Cesar Renato Foschini
Banca: Natal Nerimio Rogone
Banca: Gilberto de Magalhães Bento Gonçalves
Resumo: Neste trabalho busca-se observar um estudo de caracterização mecânica em materiais destinados a implantes, a caracterização superficial dos corpos de provas usinados dos três tipos de materiais utilizados nos implantes para fechamento ósseo titânio grau cinco, titânio grau quatro e aço inox 316 L, estes três tipos de materiais são considerados como biomateriais pois possuem todas as propriedades necessárias para reconstrução óssea, e tem provado ser eficiente para implantes. Este estudo se dará através da aplicação detalhada de ensaios de caracterização superficial e propriedades mecânicas. Um estudo da rugosidade dos materiais antes do implante e a determinação do módulo de cisalhamento e elasticidade utilizando um método não destrutivo foram utilizados. Será apresentado uma síntese dos diferentes tipos de fixação e comparados aos resultados dos ensaios nos materiais. Nos materiais usinados em formatos de discos, foram coletadas imagens num mmicroscópio confocal, e foi realizada análise da superfície com a finalidade de obtenção da rugosidade média quadrática de cada material a fim de identificar a melhor condição de superfície. Uma revisão de literatura fundamentará o estudo proposto
Abstract: In this work the aim is to observe a mechanical characterization study materials for implants, the surface characteristics of the machined test samples of three types of materials used in bone implants for closing five grade titanium, and titanium grade for stainless steel 316 L, there three types of materials are considered as biomaterials because they posses the necessary properties for bone reconstruction, and has proven to be efficient for implants. This study will be through the detailed application of surface characterization and mechanical properties testing. A study of the roughness of the material before implantation and determining the shear modulus and elasticity using a non-destructive method were used. A summary of different types of fasteners and compared to the test results on the materials will be presented. In machined materials dise formats, images were collected on a confocal microscope, and surface analysis was performed for the purpose of obtaining the mean roughness and mean square surface roughness in order to identify the best surface condition. A literature review reasons or the proposed study
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Sridharan, Srinivasan. "Porous plastic implants for bone ingrowth". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/10101.

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Soranz, Filho João Edward. "O uso de implantes orbitários no reparo de cavidades anoftálmicas /". Botucatu : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86305.

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Orientador: Cláudia Helena Pellizon
Banca: Silvana Artioli Schellini
Banca: Cláudia Valeria Seullner Brandão
Resumo: Alterações oculares, em especial a perda de volume nas cavidades evisceradas, promovem uma série de modificações ao paciente tanto funcional do órgão quanto psicológica e estética. Uma grande preocupação ao longo do tempo é a procura de um material que possa preencher o volume perdido de forma a dar um maior conforto no ponto de visto psicológico e estético ao paciente. Para contribuir nessa direção, esse trabalho teve como objetivo testar experimentalmente prótese de polietileno granulado de ultra-alto peso molecular, material de baixo custo, em órbitas de coelhos submetidos à evisceração cirúrgica em vários tempos experimentais, onde foram avaliados aspectos macroscópicos e microscópicos e de toxicidade sistêmica do material. Os resultados desse trabalho mostram que o material utilizado no implante de cavidade não apresenta alteração significativa nos parâmetros analisados quando comparados ao grupo controle. Sendo resultados bastante promissores indicando que o implante de polietileno poroso desenvolvido por uma indústria nacional tem alto potencial para se realizar testes em humanos
Abstract: Ocular changes especially the loss of volume in eviscerated cavities promotes several modifications to patients - organ functioning and psychological and esthetical changes. A material that could replace the lost volume in order to guarantee to patients more psychological and esthetical comfort has long been worryingly searched. Contributing in this direction this work aimed at testing experimentally a prosthesis polyethylene granulate of ultra-high molecular weight made of a low cost material to be implanted in orbit of rabbits through surgical evisceration during several experimental times to assess macroscopic and microscopic aspects of systemic toxicity of the respective material. The results show that the material used for the implant of the prosthesis in the cavity does not present significant alteration in the analysed parameters when compared to the control group. Thus, we point with this study promising results indicating that the porous polyethylene implant developed by a national enterprise presents high potential to be tested in humans
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Schultz, Nathaniel David. "A comparison of repeated uniaxial tension and compression on bone-like cells over fourteen days". Master's thesis, Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2008. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-11072008-150852.

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Libri sul tema "Artificial implants"

1

1944-, Williams D. F., a cura di. Current perspectives on implantable devices: A research annual. London: JAI Press, 1990.

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Hunt, Jennie P. Silicone implants: January 1989 through July 1992 : 985 citations. Bethesda, Md: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, Reference Section, 1992.

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Leopoldina-Symposium (2009 Warnemünde, Rostock, Germany). Intelligent implants in ophthalmology. A cura di Guthoff Rudolf, Schmitz Klaus-Peter, Zrenner Eberhart 1945- e Universität Rostock. Halle (Saale): Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina, 2010.

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United States. Food and Drug Administration., a cura di. Breast implants: An information update. Rockville, Md. (5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville 20857): U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 1996.

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Fedorov, S. N. Keratoprostheses. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1987.

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G, Heimke, a cura di. Osseo-integrated implants. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press, 1990.

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Edwards, Harry W. Waste minimization assessment for manufacturer of surgical implants. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Rsearch and Development, Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory, 1994.

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Leir, Roger K. The aliens and the scalpel: Scientific proof of extraterrestrial implants in humans. Columbus, NC: Granite Pub., 1998.

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Edwards, Harry W. Waste minimization assessment for manufacturer of surgical implants. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Rsearch and Development, Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory, 1994.

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Polymeric biomaterials. Utrecht: VSP, 2003.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Artificial implants"

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Arnold, Bozena. "Alumina: The Artificial Aluminum Oxide". In Rubies and Implants, 53–54. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-66116-1_18.

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Arnold, Bozena. "Bauxite and the Path to Artificial Aluminium Oxide". In Rubies and Implants, 55–57. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-66116-1_19.

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Kolawole, Funsho Olaitan, Shola Kolade Kolawole, Felix Adebayo Owa, Chioma Ifeyinwa Madueke e Oluwole Daniel Adigun. "Polymeric Nanocomposites for Artificial Implants". In Hybrid Polymeric Nanocomposites from Agricultural Waste, 321–41. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003170549-16.

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Gotman, Irena. "Biomechanical and Tribological Aspects of Orthopaedic Implants". In Springer Tracts in Mechanical Engineering, 25–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60124-9_2.

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AbstractOrthopaedic and dental implant treatments have allowed to enhance the quality of life of millions of patients. Total hip/knee arthroplasty is a surgical replacement of the hip/knee joint with an artificial prosthesis. The aim of joint replacement surgery is to relieve pain improve function, often for sufferers of osteoarthritis, which affects around a third of people aged over fifty. Nowadays, total hip and knee replacement (THR) surgeries are considered routine procedures with generally excellent outcomes. Given the increasing life expectancy of the world population, however, many patients will require revision or removal of the artificial joint during their lifetime. The most common cause of failure of hip and knee replacements is mechanical instability secondary to wear of the articulating components. Thus, tribological and biomechanical aspects of joint arthroplasty are of specific interest in addressing the needs of younger, more active patients. The most significant improvements in the longevity of artificial joints have been achieved through the introduction of more wear resistant bearing surfaces. These innovations, however, brought about new tribocorrosion phenomena, such as fretting corrosion at the modular junctions of hip implants. Stiffness mismatch between the prosthesis components, non-physiological stress transfer and uneven implant-bone stress distribution are all involved in premature failure of hip arthroplasty. The development of more durable hip and knee prostheses requires a comprehensive understanding of biomechanics and tribocorrosion of implant materials. Some of these insights can also be applied to the design and development of dental implants.
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Shepperd, J. A. N. "Intradiscal Implants in 1989: Concepts and Possibilities". In The Artificial Disc, 35–38. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75197-4_5.

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Shepperd, J. A. N. "Intervertebral Implants for Fixation and Disc Replacement". In The Artificial Disc, 45–51. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75197-4_7.

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Abou-Hassan, Ali, Alexandre A. Barros, Noor Buchholz, Dario Carugo, Francesco Clavica, Filipe Mergulhao e Shaokai Zheng. "Preventing Biofilm Formation and Encrustation on Urinary Implants: (Bio)molecular and Physical Research Approaches". In Urinary Stents, 437–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04484-7_34.

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AbstractStents and catheters are used to facilitate urine drainage within the urinary system. When such sterile implants are inserted into the urinary tract, ions, macromolecules and bacteria from urine, blood or underlying tissues accumulate on their surface. We presented a brief but comprehensive overview of future research strategies in the prevention of urinary device encrustation with an emphasis on biodegradability, molecular, microbiological and physical research approaches. The large and strongly associated field of stent coatings and tissue engineering is outlined elsewhere in this book. There is still plenty of room for future investigations in the fields of material science, surface science, and biomedical engineering to improve and create the most effective urinary implants. In an era where material science, robotics and artificial intelligence have undergone great progress, futuristic ideas may become a reality. These ideas include the creation of multifunctional programmable intelligent urinary implants (core and surface) capable to adapt to the complex biological and physiological environment through sensing or by algorithms from artificial intelligence included in the implant. Urinary implants are at the crossroads of several scientific disciplines, and progress will only be achieved if scientists and physicians collaborate using basic and applied scientific approaches.
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Bermejo, Iñigo, Francisco Javier Díez, Paul Govaerts e Bart Vaerenberg. "A Probabilistic Graphical Model for Tuning Cochlear Implants". In Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, 150–55. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38326-7_23.

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Willert, H. G. "Failure Modes of Artificial Joint Implants Due to Particulate Implant Material". In Implant Bone Interface, 67–75. London: Springer London, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1811-4_10.

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Pal, Subrata. "Dental Implants: Their Design and Manufacture". In Design of Artificial Human Joints & Organs, 75–100. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6255-2_5.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Artificial implants"

1

Wang, F. C., Z. M. Jin e I. J. Udofia. "Elasto-Hydrodynamic Lubrication Modelling of Spherical Metal-on-Metal Artificial Hip Joints". In World Tribology Congress III. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/wtc2005-63556.

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A full numerical methodology was developed for the elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication analysis of hip joint implants for the lubrication problem in spherical and conformal contacts. Typical results of a metal-on-metal hip implant were obtained to illustrate the applicability of the numerical methodology developed in the present study.
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Perez Fornos, Angelica, Nils Guinand, Raymond Van de Berg, Maurizio Ranieri, Samuel Cavuscens, Anissa Boutabla, Julie Corre e Herman Kingma. "Vestibular Implants in Humans: Steps Towards a Clinical Application". In Neural Interfaces and Artificial Senses. València: Fundació Scito, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.nias.2021.001.

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Kashi, Ajay, Amit Roy Chowdhury e Subrata Saha. "Finite Element Analysis of TMJ Implant". In ASME 2009 4th Frontiers in Biomedical Devices Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/biomed2009-83052.

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The TMJ is a bilateral joint of the jaw that functions as a single entity during normal masticatory activities, speaking, yawning and swallowing. TMJ replacement has been indicated in cases of joint trauma, advanced degenerative disease, tumors, developmental anomalies and ankylosis of the joint following injury. Alloplastic replacement of the TMJ (an artificial replacement in the form of a TMJ condylar implant with a glenoid fossa component that articulates with the undersurface of the skull on the temporal bone) renders the anatomical space devoid of the natural mandibular condyle (Fig. 1). Compared to hip and knee prostheses, TMJ implants have not been studied in detail. The goals of this study were to quantify the stress distribution in a commercially available TMJ implant (TMJ Implants, Inc, CO), bone and implant-bone interface, to compare the stresses and strains with different bone conditions, and to compare the stresses and strains with different implant materials using a finite element software package.
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Ghose, Smaranjit, Suhrid Datta, Vineet Batta, C. Malathy e Gayathri M. "Artificial Intelligence based identification of Total Knee Arthroplasty Implants". In 2020 3rd International Conference on Intelligent Sustainable Systems (ICISS). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciss49785.2020.9315956.

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Wang, Fengcai, e Zhongmin Jin. "Lubrication Modelling of Artificial Hip Joints: From Fluid Film to Boundary Lubrication Regimes". In ASME 7th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2004-58077.

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A full numerical methodology was developed for the mixed lubrication analysis of hip implants, covering a continuous spectrum from full fluid film to boundary (dry contact) lubrication regimes. The methodology was applied to a typical hip implant employing an ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) acetabular cup in articulation with a metallic femoral head. It was shown that as the viscosity decreased, direct contact was initiated at the exit regions both in the entraining and side-leakage directions where the minimum film thickness occurred. As the viscosity decreased further, the direct contact area increased and until eventually became similar to the dry contact area.
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Chiryatyeva, A. E., D. U. Malaev, K. B. Orazbayeva, A. A. Prokhorikhin, A. R. Tarkova, E. I. Kretov e A. A. Boykov. "Investigation of artificial materials for development of transcatheter cardiovascular implants". In PROCEEDINGS OF THE ADVANCED MATERIALS WITH HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE FOR NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND RELIABLE STRUCTURES. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5083294.

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McGann, Megan E., e Diane R. Wagner. "Fabrication of Cartilage-Bone Specimens for Cartilage Wear Testing". In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-206724.

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Experimental techniques to repair focal defects in articular cartilage involve replacing a small area of damaged cartilage with an artificial implant. An important consideration with these devices is the potential for cartilage to wear against the implant surface. To evaluate these implants and to screen for optimal materials and finishes, a method to quickly and accurately predict in vivo cartilage wear is required. Although pin-on-disc wear testers are frequently used to evaluate the wear of engineering materials, and multi-station test machines are available commercially for rapid testing, they have not often been used to test cartilage wear.
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Sivarasu, Sudesh, Sam Prasanna James e T. Lazar Mathew. "Finite Element Method Oriented Failure Analysis of Medical Implants: Artificial Knee". In ASME 2013 Conference on Frontiers in Medical Devices: Applications of Computer Modeling and Simulation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fmd2013-16145.

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The application of Finite Element Modelling in Medical Applications has been evolving as the field of high importance especially in the development of medical devices. The Total Knee Arthroplasty [TKA] has been in existence for over 6 decades till now. The generic artificial knee implants used in the TKA have the restriction in its range of motion with around 90 degrees. A new design allowing flexion extension range of over 120 degrees was designed with a view to facilitate partial squatting and the same is used for the analysis purpose. The new design of the artificial knee has a flexion extension range of 130 degrees. The higher flexion of the knee is obtained by use of the rotating platform knee design principle and also by adopting a multi-radii approach for the femoral component design. The loading conditions of 10 times the body weight are considered for structural analyses of the novel knee. A maximum load of 700Kg were subjected on the knee implants. The finite element analyses of the designs were carried out based on standard biomaterial used in orthopedic implants. In this paper we have discussed the results of analyses of an artificial knee with Ti alloy. The results of the analyses were used in identifying areas of extreme stresses within the design and the spot prone for higher deformation. Based on these results slight modification on the designs was carried out. The results are also verified whether the body is within the linear deformation levels. As the results obtained were very satisfactory the models have been recommended for prototyping.
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Goyal, Rakesh, Charu Khosla, Meenakshi Sood, Kamaljeet Singh, Punam e Khushdeep Goyal. "A Review on Artificial Intelligence Driven Biomedical Engineering Implants in Healthcare". In 2022 2nd International Conference on Advance Computing and Innovative Technologies in Engineering (ICACITE). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icacite53722.2022.9823903.

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Vaughan, Neil, e Venketesh N. Dubey. "Hip Replacement Simulator for Predicting Dislocation Risk". In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-59286.

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This paper reports development of a novel haptic 3D computer-based hip replacement simulator. A haptic device provides a kinesthetic interface in a virtual environment to conduct hip surgery. Predictive software enables modelling the risk of hip dislocation which was missing from previous simulators. The developed neural network autonomously matches compatible implant components from a library of industry standard part codes and sizes. The parameter driven simulator enables patient-specific modeling of femur and acetabulum. Combining haptic feedback with 3D graphics, the simulator enables training and assessment of orthopedic surgeons. The simulator includes haptic feedback for the orthopedic tools including reamer, saws, hip stems, acetabular cup implants. The hip replacement simulator allows surgeons to practice placing the stem and cup, providing a haptic sense of touch to replicate the in-vivo procedure. The novel capability to assess risk of dislocation could reduce post-operative dislocation. Enhancing the skill and accuracy of trainee hip surgeons can reduce the number of revision surgeries required, extend the life of artificial hip implants and improve patient safety, reducing costs for the health service.
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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Artificial implants"

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SAINI, RAVINDER, AbdulKhaliq Alshadid e Lujain Aldosari. Investigation on the application of artificial intelligence in prosthodontics. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, dicembre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.12.0096.

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Review question / Objective: 1. Which artificial intelligence techniques are practiced in dentistry? 2. How AI is improving the diagnosis, clinical decision making, and outcome of dental treatment? 3. What are the current clinical applications and diagnostic performance of AI in the field of prosthodontics? Condition being studied: Procedures for desktop designing and fabrication Computer-aided design (CAD/CAM) in particular have made their way into routine healthcare and laboratory practice.Based on flat imagery, artificial intelligence may also be utilized to forecast the debonding of dental repairs. Dental arches in detachable prosthodontics may be categorized using Convolutional neural networks (CNN). By properly positioning the teeth, machine learning in CAD/CAM software can reestablish healthy inter-maxillary connections. AI may assist with accurate color matching in challenging cosmetic scenarios that include a single central incisor or many front teeth. Intraoral detectors can identify implant placements in implant prosthodontics and instantly input them into CAD software. The design and execution of dental implants could potentially be improved by utilizing AI.
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