Tesi sul tema "Artériopathies"
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Salabanzi, Auguste. "Mesure de la pression partielle d'oxygène transcutanée : application à l'étude comparative des effets de l'augmentation de la pression hydrostatique et des effets de l'exercice musculaire chez le sujet sain et l'artériopathe amputé". Dijon, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986DIJOS051.
Smirani, Hassine. "Les artériopathies des membres inférieurs chez la femme jeune de moins de 40 ans". Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR2M048.
Marie, François. "L'artère poplitée piégée en pratique sportive : à propos de dix cas rencontrés chez cinq patients". Caen, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990CAEN3003.
Pecout, Daniel. "La débitmétrie électromagnétique externe avec hyperhémie : intérêt dans le dépistage et l'évaluation thérapeutique des artériopathies des membres inférieurs". Montpellier 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON11210.
Becker, François. "Classification clinique et hémodynamique des artériopathies chroniques oblitérantes des membres inférieurs : intérêt de l'exploration fonctionnelle de la microcirculation". Dijon, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989DIJOMU01.
Mansilla, Silvana. "Etude de la protéase Nexine-1 dans la paroi vasculaire, l'athérosclérose et l'anévrisme". Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA077080.
PN-1 is a glycoprotein that belongs to the serpine superfamily of protease inhibitors. PN-1 inhibits several serine-proteases like t-PA plasmin, urokinase and thrombin. PN-1 interaction with glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) from extracellular matrix increases thrombin inhibition. By inhibiting serine-ptoteases, PN-1 might be one of the main serpine involved in the vascular remodeling processes. Our objective was to compare the expression of PN-1 in both, normal and pathological human vascular wall, such arteriosclerosis and aneurysm of the thoracic ascending aorta. Immunohistochemistry and biochemical studies showed that PN-1 was present in both normal and pathological vessels, but its expression was increased in the atherosclerosis lesions and the aneurysm of the ascending aorta In atherosclerosis plaque, PN-1 location was heterogeneous; being more present in the necrotic core than in fibrous cup or media. PN-1 was expressed in platelets and macrophages of the necrotic core. This effect was particurlarly associated to surroudings areas of neovessels. We also have observed a higher expression of other serine protease in the vessel of aneurysm of the ascending aorta as compared to normal aortas. In fact, we characterize them like proteases of fibrinolytic System: t-PA. U-PA. And plasminogène/plasmin. In conclusion our study suggests that PN-1 is over expressed in pathological conditions inhibiting proteases involved in extracellular matrix degradation
Mahé, Guillaume. "Physiopathologie et évaluation de la capacité de marche au cours de l'artériopathie oblitérante des membres inférieurs". Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00681765.
Alessandrin, Jean-François. "Suivi à long terme de 300 prothèses aorto (bi)fémorales". Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR23012.
Mougin, Justine. "Mise au point et optimisation d'un modèle lagomorphe hypercholestérolémique de resténose intra-stent et application pour le développement d'un stent obtenu par électrofilage". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ULILS019.
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the use of a double injured atherosclerotic iliac rabbit model for myointimal hyperplasia evaluation. Secondarily, this animal model was use for pre clincial evaluation of a new anti-in stent restenosis simvastatin electrospun covered stent. Methods: Twenty four New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits were included in this study. In order to enhance and accelerate atherogenesis, atherogenic diet (0.3% cholesterol and 4.9% coconut oil) and mechanical endothelial injury of iliac artery were used. Twelve rabbits (24 iliac arteries) were used to evaluate the benefit of intimal balloon injury compared to the diet alone on myointimal hyperplasia. On day 7, rabbits beneficiated balloon iliac injury on the left side only. Eight weeks they were scarified and iliac arteries were harvested to histologic examination and comparaison. Twelve rabbits were included in the second evaluation to compare anti instent restenosis effect of a new drug eluting chrome-cobalt stent (DES) coated with polycyclodextrin-chitosan-simvastatin polymer after electrospinning technique. Balloon injury were performed on both iliacs on day 7, then stenting of BMS on right iliac and DES on left iliac and animals were sacrified 4 weeks later after angiography for histologic examination. Results: Balloon iliac injuries (BI) revealed a significant higher Schwartz injury score (0.599±0.368 control vs 1.150±0.306 BI, p=0.013), percentage of stenosis (25.7±19.1 control vs 49.9±21.9 BI, p=0.012) and ratio collagen (0.252 ± 0.017 control vs 0.365 ± 0.011 BI, p=0.0001) than atherosclerotic diet only. Five rabbits died before the end of the protocol. After appaired comparison of BMS and DES, results were significantly better for BMS and pre-euthanasia angiography revealed that 3/7 DES were thrombosed versus 0/7 for BMS. Conclusions : Association of atherogenic diet and balloon injuries allow to obtain important neointimal hyperplasia and wall remodeling in rabbit iliac arteries that confirm its interest as in stent restenosis model for new DES
Laurent, Pierre. "Etude de la vitesse de propagation de l'onde de pouls : de la recherche expérimentale à la pratique clinique". Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR2M132.
Guedj, Pierre-Charles. "L' artériopathie oblitérante des membres inférieurs : son épidémilogie". Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987CLF13053.
Lavabre, Marie-Agnès. "L'amputation des membres inférieurs pour artériopathie : traitement informatique à propos de 722 cas". Montpellier 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON11066.
Sepeteanu, Desormais Ileana. "Artériopathie oblitérante des membres inférieurs en Afrique Centrale : Epidémiologie, facteurs de risque, marqueur pronostique". Thesis, Limoges, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIMO0070/document.
With the aging of the global population, the prevalence of non-communicable, including cardiovascular, diseases is increasing. While epidemiological studies on peripheral artery disease (PAD) have been mainly conducted in high-income countries, a few have been carried out in low-and middle-income countries, including in Africa. EPIDEMCA (Epidemiology of Dementia in Central Africa) is a cross-sectional population-based study in rural and urban areas of two countries of Central Africa: Central African Republic (CAR) and the Republic of Congo (ROC). Overall, its aim was to investigate the health status in aging population in Central Africa, with a special focus on cognitive disorders, PAD (Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) ≤0.90). and cardiovascular risk factors as well as their inter-relationship. The EPIDEMCA program was carried out, among people aged 65 years and over, between 2011 and 2012. Among 2002 subjects who agreed to participate, reliable demographic and vascular data were available in 1871 subjects.Overall, the prevalence of PAD was 14.8% reachting 22.2% after the age of 80. The prevalence was higher in ROC than in CAR (17.4% vs. 12.2%, p=0.0071) and in females than males (16.6% vs. 11.9%, p=0.0122). Higher rates of PAD were found in urban area in ROC (20.7% vs. 14.4% in rural area, p=0.0114), not in CAR (11.5% vs. 12.9%, p=ns). In the multivariate analysis, PAD significantly associated factors were described: age (OR: 1.03; p=0.0039), dyslipidemia (OR: 1.88; p=0.0034), smoking (OR: 1.78; p=0.0026), and more specifically undernutrition (OR: 2.09, p=0.0009). Undernutrition was still significantly associated with PAD after adjustment to all potential confounding factors in males as well as in females (OR: 2.82, p= 0.0038 respectively OR: 1.75, p= 0.0492). As epidemiological research on the implication of atherosclerosis in the development of cognitive impairment in general population is lacking in Africa, we focused on the role of ABI as an available marker of atherosclerosis, providing independent and incremental information on subjects’ susceptibility to present cognitive disorders.The prevalence of cognitive impairment among the study participants was 13.6%, higher in subjects with ABI≤0.9 and ABI≥1.4 than those with 0.9
Debette, Stéphanie. "Facteurs de risque de l'athérosclérose carotidienne". Lille 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL2S058.
Brisot, Dominique. "Artériopathie oblitérante des membres inférieurs : influence de l'étendue des lésions sur la morbidité et la mortalité d'origine cardiovasculaires". Montpellier 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON11185.
El, Kalioubie Ahmed. "Adipokines et pathologies vasculaires humaines : anévrysmale et athéroscléreuse". Thesis, Lille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL2S018.
Obesity is associated with a higher risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular pathologies and accordingly entails a great deal of morbidity and mortality. Central to obesity is the accumulation of large amounts of white adipose tissue, which inappropriately secretes bioactive molecules involved in a state of local and systemic low grade inflammation as well as metabolic anomalies. These molecules are the adipokines including leptin, resistin and adiponectin. An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a localized and permanent aortic dilation, exceeding 50% of the adjacent normal aortic wall diameter. AAA has long been considered an atherosclerotic complication, a theory which has recently been challenged. Only a few studies have evaluated the prevalence and risk factors of AAA in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. In the first part of our work, we dealt with 217 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting for severe CAD. In men aged less than 75 years with a smoking history, AAA prevalence reached 24% if they had concomitant peripheral artery disease or carotid artery stenosis, vs 4.4% in the absence of either condition. AAA screening is only recommended in men, aged 65 to 75 years, with a history of smoking. Na data are available on the need for AAA screening among CAD patients. The second part of our work is a review on the prevalence and risk factors of AAA in CAD patients. Despite a limited number of studies, AAA seems to be more prevalent among CAD patients compared to the global population. Only some traditional atherosclerosis risk factors remain significantly associated with AAA (smoking, age, atherosclerosis of other vascular beds). Accordingly, AAA may not be pressed into a simple scheme as just an atherosclerotic complication. The benefit of AAA screening in this specific sub-population needs to be further assessed. Both AAA and atherosclerosis share chronic arterial wall inflammation. Hence, in the 3rd part of the current work, we measured circulating levels of the 3 main adipokines (leptin, resistin and adiponectin) and assessed their relationship with the presence of AAA among our precited severe CAD male patients. Only serum resistin levels were independently associated with AAA, and correlated with infra renal aortic diameter. This correlation disappeared in the AAA range. Eventually, resistin could be associated with AAA pathogenesis, independently of its implication in atherosclerosis – related inflammation. The fourth and final part of our work has acknowledged the role of leptin in the development of atherosclerotic carotid artery stenosis. We included 146 patients scheduled for carotid endarterectomy for asymptomatic versus symptomatic carotid artery stenosis. We reported, for the first time, that serum and intra–plaque leptin levels were significantly lower in symptomatic patients compared to asymptomatic patients. This result was confirmed by multivariate analysis. Circulating and intra plaque levels were positively correlated to a stable plaque phenotype (high collagen/macrophage ratio). In vitro, leptin induced an initial migratory response on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) at the concentration range of 0 to 20 ng/mL, followed by a proliferative response (20 to 75 ng/mL). At higher concentrations (100 ng/mL), leptin brought about VSMC apoptosis. Leptin could thus play an active role in carotid plaque stabilization, via its effects on VSMC. Several conclusions can be drawn. AAA is not a mere atherosclerotic complication. On one side, resistin could actively influence the development and progression of AAA. On the opposite side, leptin could promote atherosclerotic plaque stabilization, via its effects on VSMC migration and proliferation
Labrunée, Marc. "Modulation du système nerveux autonome par les techniques non pharmacologiques : application dans l'insuffisance cardiaque chronique systolique et l'artériopathie oblitérante des membres inférieurs". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30288/document.
The management of cardiovascular disease is to fight against abnormal heart autonomic nervous system (ANS) by restoring sympatho-vagal balance with the help of pharmacological or non-pharmacological means. We have shown that intermittent exercise (IE) in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) allowed to increase the vagal tone. The IE was more effective than continuous exercise for reducing arrhythmias. In a second work we have shown that electrical muscle stimulation of the lower limbs in CHF reduced sympathetic tone related to stimulation of afferents. In peripheral arterial disease (PAD) finally, we showed that the sensitive electrostimulation of lower limbs improved the walking distance via potentially sympatho-inhibitor mechanisms
Aboyans, Victor. "Analyse et développement de critères non-invasifs dans le diagnostic épidémiologique de l'artériopathie des membres inférieurs". Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30243.
Le, Faucheur Alexis. "Hémodynamique Artérielle Périphérique :Evaluation diagnostique et fonctionnelle à l'effort dans deux modèles d'artériopathie des membres inférieurs". Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00346960.
Al, Rifai Rida. "ASPIC - Analyse du site d’implantation de produit de thérapie cellulaire dans un modèle d’ischémie critique des membres inférieurs". Thesis, Reims, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REIMM206/document.
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is an atherosclerotic obstructive disease affecting lower limbs arteries. It affects nearly 20% of over 70s. Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is the ultimate stage and requires revascularization. Cell therapy (CT) has been proposed for patients with CLI. Clinical trials were encouraging but failed to establish efficacy. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may be a better option as they combine angiogenic and immunomodulatory properties. MSCs can be obtained from BMCs of CLI-patients. The aim of this study was first to evaluate, in a murine hindlimb ischemia model, the efficacy of two types of MSCs: undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and “endothelial like” MSCs (MELs) in comparison with currently used BMCs. Secondly, the objective was to perform a non-invasive analysis of ischemic limb using Raman Spectroscopy. MELs and MSCs induced complete perfusion restoration whereas BMCs did not. The complete flow recovery was significantly earlier with MELs in comparison with MSCs. Both MSCs and MELs improved functionality more efficiently than BMCs. Interestingly, complete limb salvage was observed in the MELs treated group exclusively. In muscles, MELs induced the highest rate of neoangiogenesis and the best muscle repair as shown by the presence of regenerated myofibers. Spectral acquisitions revealed that Raman spectroscopy can discriminate ischemic limb from healthy limb and can grade ischemia over time.Our study brings evidence that MELs obtained from CLI-patients can restore blood flow and provide muscle repair. Moreover Raman spectroscopy could be used clinically to assess ischemia in CLI-patients
Gernigon, Marie. "Nouvelles approches méthodologiques et physiopathologiques des intolérances à la marche". Thesis, Angers, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ANGE0015/document.
Peripheral Arterial Diseased (PAD) is a major concern regarding their clinical care since a revascularization intervention is indicated below the cut-off point of 300 m. In clinical routine, MWD is usually assessed with clinical questionnaires, a highly subjective method, and with walking treadmill tests that are design-dependent and that hardly reproduce the usual pain of the patients during the walk. Therefore, the aim of this doctoral work is to test the validity of innovative methodologies based on GPS and Transcutaneous Pressure in Oxygen (TcPO2) during a treadmill test with respect to the assessment of the functional limitation in PAD patients. The first study shows that scores of the Estimation of Ambulatory Capacity by History-Questionnaire and MWD that is declared by the patients are more related to the GPS-measured MWD (that reflects the spontaneous walking pattern) than to the scores of the Walking Impairment Questionnaire, the 6-min walking test, and the walking treadmill test. The second study evidences the relevance of the use of TcPO2 during a walking treadmill test in detecting ischemia during exercise among patients with normal Ankle to brachial Index. The third and fourth studies show the reliability of the GPS as well as its applicability to the evolvement of the walking parameters following revascularization. Finally, the fifth study suggests that the GPS-accelerometer coupling is able to estimate the energy expenditure of PAD patients. To conclude, actimetry (e.g., GPS, accelerometer) and exercise TcPO2 are valid and reliable methods to evaluate the walk of PAD patients
D'Audigier, Clément. "Modulation du potentiel angiogène des progéniteurs endothéliaux humains par des biomarqueurs plasmatiques vasculaires". Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00911669.
Leroux, Lionel. "Nouvelles stratégies de thérapie cellulaire à visée pro-angiogénique : implication du système Wnt/Frizzled". Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR21763/document.
Some of the challenges facing stem-cell therapy for cardiac disease are which type of stem cell or progenitor cell is the best candidate for therapy, how to survive in the low oxygen environment of ischemic myocardium. Here we studied the potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as vascular progenitor cells in vitro and in vivo, and we studied the effects of sFRP-1/Wnt signaling modulation or hypoxia on MSC properties. First, we demonstrated the beneficial effect of MSC application on ischemic heart repair using an original surgical model (patch) to deliver stem cells. This study showed that the contribution of the MSCs in the mouse infarcted myocardium was beneficial either on the scar (increase in angiogenesis, in cell proliferation, reduction in ventricular remodeling) or on the trophicity of the patch.Then we characterized the angiogenic properties of MSC in vitro and in vivo. Our data demonstrate that MSCs could be recruited and formed vascular structures around endothelial tubes. We showed in vivo that the surexpression of sFRP-1 (regulating factor of the Wnt system) in MSCs increased their potential of pericyte-like cells correlated with an increased maturation of the vessels via an intracellular GSK-3 dependent pathway in MSCs. Our next objective was to investigate the effects of hypoxia exposure on MSC before implantation for vascular and tissue regeneration in mice with hind limb ischemia. Our data suggest that hypoxic preconditioning has a critical role on MSC dynamic functions, shifting MSC location in situ to enhance ischemic tissue recovery, facilitating vascular cell mobilization and skeletal myoblast regeneration via a paracrine Wnt dependent mechanism
d'Audigier, Clément. "Modulation du potentiel angiogène des progéniteurs endothéliaux humains par des biomarqueurs plasmatiques vasculaires". Thesis, Paris 5, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA05P614/document.
Rationale: The pro-angiogenic capacities of endothelial progenitor cells are now well established, and their involvement in neovascularization events in adults has stimulated the research in the field of angiogenic therapy based on transplant of these cells. Current data converge towards the notion of two cell types with endothelial phenotype, defined at least by their kinetics of appearance in culture: early endothelial progenitor cells (CFU-EC or CAC) and late (ECFC). Our team has shown that the therapeutic injection of bone marrow mononuclear cells (BM-MNC) led to neovascularization of the ischemic site in patients with critical limb ischemia, and that the new vessels formed bore the phenotype of ECFC. We initially measured the concentrations of different proteins modulating angiogenesis in patients with ischemic and cardiovascular diseases, or involving vascular abnormalities associated with fibrosis. Thus, the transforming growth factor - ß1 (TGF-ß1) in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, the thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) in peripheral artery disease, and the placental growth factor (PlGF) in patients with cardiovascular diseases [acute coronary syndrome (ACS), patients undergoing valve surgery or coronary artery bypass surgery], emerged as potential plasmatic biomarkers in these pathological settings, and have been studied in the biology of human ECFC.Results: TGF-ß1 plasma level is increased in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) compared to the control population; it exerts a pro-angiogenic effect in vivo (vascularization of Matrigel ®-plugs) and in vitro (proliferation and migration of ECFC) via ALK-1, ALK-5 and TGF-ßRII receptors. TSP-1 plasma level is increased in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) compared to the control population. In addition, the new vessels formed in PAD patients treated by local injection of BM-MNC express TSP-1. In murine models of Matrigel ®-plugs and hindlimb ischemia, TSP-1 induces a decrease in plugs vascularization and impaired revascularization of ischemic limb. In vitro, TSP-1 increases ECFC adhesion via an N-terminal dependent mechanism and reduces their angiogenic potential (proliferation and migration) via its binding to CD47 receptor, which activates the SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling pathway. PlGF plasma level is increased in ACS patients compared with the control population and stable angina patients and is also increased in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. PlGF-1 and -2 potentiate ECFC tubulogenesis in vitro via phosphorylation of the VEGFR1 receptor. This effect was abolished when the ECFC VEGFR1 is inhibited by RNA interference or by the chemical compound "4321". In addition this compound "4321" inhibits the vascularization of Matrigel ®-plugs, and revascularization of the ischemic limb in the hindlimb ischemia model.Conclusions: TGF-ß1 is involved in the IPF vascular remodeling through ECFC; TSP-1 is a potential biomarker of angiogenesis induced by ECFC in PAD; the inhibition of the PlGF/VEGFR1 pathway modulates ECFC tubulogenesis, cells involved in the formation of new vessels. We thus identified three proteins that modulate angiogenesis in three different pathological settings characterized by a vascular remodeling and where ECFC are involved in their pathophysiology. These three proteins therefore state as potential plasmatic biomarkers, modulating ECFC angiogenic properties and are able to influence their efficacy as a cell therapy product. These plasmatic biomarkers likely play a role in the homeostasis of those pathologies progress
Marlinge, Marion. "Profil du récepteur de l’adénosine A2A dans les pathologies cardio-vasculaires". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0670.
Atherosclerosis is responsible for the decrease in the diameter of the vessels by formation of a "plaque" consisting in particular of lipids limiting the blood circulation (ischemia) and tissue oxygenation. Adenosine is able to regulate cardiovascular function, particularly through its A2A receptor, which induces vasodilation to increase blood intake. A low presence of A2AR seems to mark ischemia (without specificity of territory) while the presence of reserve receptors (maximum biological response despite a small number of occupied sites) sign a severe disturbance in the blood flow coronary (inducible ischemia). These analyzes can be done on a classic blood sample. Blood adenosine could predict the risk of death from cardiogenic shock complicating the initial disease, where peripheral organs are hypoperfused (cardiac pump dysfunction) that the body attempts to compensate for by vasoconstriction (less A2AR). This work suggests the possibility of using the adenosinergic system both at the level of diagnosis (absence of biological marker of ischemia and coronary artery disease reliable to date), prognosis, than at the therapeutic level