Bibliografie tematiche / Arsenic and Antimony

Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Arsenic and Antimony"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 8 giugno 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Arsenic and Antimony":

Zhao, Shu Ting, Hua Chang Li e Ye Hong Shi. "Speciation Analysis of Antimony and Arsenic in Soil and Remediation of Antimony and Arsenic in Contaminated Soils". Advanced Materials Research 1088 (febbraio 2015): 578–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1088.578.

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Antimony and arsenic are recognized to be toxic carcinogens. With the development of chemical industry, antimony and arsenic pollution problems are becoming more and more serious in soil. This paper described speciation analysis of antimony and arsenic in soil in the latest technical progress. Speciation analysis of arsenic and antimony which use joint techniques and non joint techniques are summarized. This paper also introduced various remediation technologies for antimony and arsenic contaminated soil. Finally, the trend for future technical development in remediation of antimony and arsenic in contaminated soils and speciation analysis is prospected.

Boemo, Analía, Irene María Lomniczi e Elsa Mónica Farfán Torres. "Chronic Arsenic Toxicity: Statistical Study of the Relationships Between Urinary Arsenic, Selenium and Antimony". Journal of Health and Pollution 2, n. 3 (1 giugno 2012): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5696/2156-9614-2.3.11.

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Background. The groundwater of Argentina's Chaco plain presents arsenic levels above those suitable for human consumption. Studies suggest skin disorders among local populations caused by arsenic intake. The relationship between urinary arsenic and arsenic in drinking water is well known, but urinary arsenic alone is not enough for risk assessment due to modulating factors such as the intake of selenium and antimony. Objectives. Determining the relationship between urinary arsenic, selenium and antimony could contribute to the study of arsenic metabolization in humans. Methods. Arsenic, selenium and antimony, relative to urinary creatinine, was quantified in urine samples to assess exposure to arsenic and its toxicity modulators. Results. Arsenic levels were higher than reference value in 89% of exposed group. Selenium concentrations were higher in 84%. Levels of antimony were also surprisingly high, not compatible with dietary intake. Urinary arsenic and selenium data showed highly significant correlations with age. Adult females presented higher urinary arsenic values than adult males. Conclusions. Values related to urinary creatinine were much higher than values considered normal. Concentrations of arsenic and selenium diminished with age for children and increased for adults. Women showed higher concentrations than men. Positive correlation was found between arsenic and selenium. No correlation was seen between urinary antimony, arsenic nor selenium.

Fu, Xiaohua, Xinyu Song, Qingxing Zheng, Chang Liu, Kun Li, Qijin Luo, Jianyu Chen, Zhenxing Wang e Jian Luo. "Frontier Materials for Adsorption of Antimony and Arsenic in Aqueous Environments: A Review". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, n. 17 (30 agosto 2022): 10824. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191710824.

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As highly toxic and carcinogenic substances, antimony and arsenic often coexist and cause compound pollution. Heavy metal pollution in water significantly threatens human health and the ecological environment. This article elaborates on the sources and hazards of compound antimony and arsenic contamination and systematically discusses the research progress of treatment technology to remove antimony and arsenic in water. Due to the advantages of simple operation, high removal efficiency, low economic cost, and renewable solid and sustainable utilization, adsorption technology for removing antimony and arsenic from sewage stand out among many treatment technologies. The adsorption performance of adsorbent materials is the key to removing antimony and arsenic in water. Therefore, this article focused on summarizing frontier adsorption materials’ characteristics, adsorption mechanism, and performance, including MOFs, COFs, graphene, and biomass materials. Then, the research and application progress of antimony and arsenic removal by frontier materials were described. The adsorption effects of various frontier adsorption materials were objectively analyzed and comparatively evaluated. Finally, the characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of various frontier adsorption materials in removing antimony and arsenic from water were summarized to provide ideas for improving and innovating adsorption materials for water pollution treatment.

Pawlak, Z., P. S. Cartwright, Adekunle Oloyede e E. Bayraktar. "Removal of Toxic Arsenic and Antimony from Groundwater Spiro Tunnel Bulkhead in Park City Utah Using Colloidal Iron Hydroxide: Comparison with Reverse Osmosis". Advanced Materials Research 83-86 (dicembre 2009): 553–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.83-86.553.

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Verification testing of two model technologies in pilot scale to remove arsenic and antimony based on reverse osmosis and chemical coagulation/filtration systems was conducted in Spiro Tunnel Water Filtration Plant located in Park City, Utah, US. The source water was groundwater in abandoned silver mine, naturally contaminated by 60-80 ppb of arsenic and antimony below 10 ppb. This water represents one of the sources of drinking water for Park City and constitutes about 44% of the water supply. The failure to remove antimony efficiently by coagulation/filtration (only 4.4% removal rate) under design conditions is discussed in terms of the chemistry differences between Sb (III, V) and As (III, V). Removal of Sb(V) at pH > 7, using coagulation/filtration technology, requires much higher (50 to 80 times) concentration of iron (III) than As. The stronger adsorption of arsenate over a wider pH range can be explained by the fact that arsenic acid is tri-protic, whereas antimonic acid is monoprotic. This difference in properties of As(V) and Sb(V) makes antimony (V) more difficult to be efficiently removed in low concentrations of iron hydroxide and alkaline pH waters, especially in concentration of Sb < 10 ppb.

Sazakli, Eleni, Stavroula V. Zouvelou, Ioannis Kalavrouziotis e Michalis Leotsinidis. "Arsenic and antimony removal from drinking water by adsorption on granular ferric oxide". Water Science and Technology 71, n. 4 (17 novembre 2014): 622–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2014.460.

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Arsenic and antimony occur in drinking water due to natural weathering or anthropogenic activities. There has been growing concern about their impact on health. The aim of this study was to assess the efficiency of a granular ferric oxide adsorbent medium to remove arsenic and antimony from drinking water via rapid small-scale column tests (RSSCTs). Three different water matrices – deionized, raw water treated with a reverse osmosis domestic device and raw water – were spiked with arsenic and/or antimony to a concentration of 100 μg L−1. Both elements were successfully adsorbed onto the medium. The loadings until the guideline value was exceeded in the effluent were found to be 0.35–1.63 mg g−1 for arsenic and 0.12–2.11 mg g−1 for antimony, depending on the water matrix. Adsorption of one element was not substantially affected by the presence of the other. Aeration did not affect significantly the adsorption capacity. Granular ferric oxide could be employed for the simultaneous removal of arsenic and antimony from drinking water, whereas full-scale systems should be assessed via laboratory tests before their implementation.

Reis, Priscila G., Adriana T. Abreu, Andrea G. Guimarães, Mônica C. Teixeira, Jacqueline de Souza e Neila M. Silva-Barcellos. "Development and Validation of an Analytical Method for Quantification of Arsenic and Antimony in Liposomes Using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry". Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 96, n. 4 (1 luglio 2013): 771–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.10-263.

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Abstract Arsenic and antimony compounds are used to treat endemic diseases, such as cancer, leishmaniasis, and schistosomiasis, in spite of their toxicity. Several studies seeking the development and characterization of nanocarrier systems such as liposomes are being carried out with the aim of developing new drug delivery systems and minimizing the toxicity of these drugs. However, the lack of reference methods to quantify these semimetals within a liposomal matrix hinders the QC of these formulations. Therefore, the validation of an analytical method for arsenic and antimony quantification in liposomal matrix by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry is presented here. The linearity, specificity, LOD, LOQ, accuracy, and precision were determined according to the International Conference on Harmonization norms and the Brazilian Health Surveillance Agency (Resolution 899). The LOD values were 0.02 and 0.06 mg/L for antimony and arsenic, respectively. The LOQ for both was 3.0 mg/L, with an adequate accuracy within 98.26 and 101.32% for different levels of antimony and 99.98 and 100.36% for arsenic. Precision (CV) was lower than 5.0%. The developed and validated method was shown to be reproducible for quantification of arsenic and antimony in liposome pharmaceutical dosage forms.

López-Maury, Luis, Francisco J. Florencio e José C. Reyes. "Arsenic Sensing and Resistance System in the Cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. Strain PCC 6803". Journal of Bacteriology 185, n. 18 (15 settembre 2003): 5363–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.185.18.5363-5371.2003.

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ABSTRACT Arsenic is one of the most important global environmental pollutants. Here we show that the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 contains an arsenic and antimony resistance operon consisting of three genes: arsB, encoding a putative arsenite and antimonite carrier, arsH, encoding a protein of unknown function, and arsC, encoding a putative arsenate reductase. While arsB mutant strains were sensitive to arsenite, arsenate, and antimonite, arsC mutants were sensitive only to arsenate. The arsH mutant strain showed no obvious phenotype under the conditions tested. In vivo the arsBHC operon was derepressed by oxyanions of arsenic and antimony (oxidation state, +3) and, to a lesser extent, by bismuth (oxidation state, +3) and arsenate (oxidation state, +5). In the absence of these effectors, the operon was repressed by a transcription repressor of the ArsR/SmtB family, encoded by an unlinked gene termed arsR. Thus, arsR null mutants showed constitutive derepression of the arsBHC operon. Expression of the arsR gene was not altered by the presence of arsenic or antimony compounds. Purified recombinant ArsR protein binds to the arsBHC promoter-operator region in the absence of metals and dissociates from the DNA in the presence of Sb(III) or As(III) but not in the presence of As(V), suggesting that trivalent metalloids are the true inducers of the system. DNase I footprinting experiments indicate that ArsR binds to two 17-bp direct repeats, with each one consisting of two inverted repeats, in the region from nucleotides −34 to + 17 of the arsBHC promoter-operator.

Ogudov, Alexander S., Natalia F. Chuenko, Maria A. Knyazheva e Lyudmila Yu Anopchenko. "BEHAVIORAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF EXPOSURE TO ARSENIC AND ANTIMONY CONTAINED IN SULFIDE ORE PROCESSING WASTE". Interexpo GEO-Siberia 4, n. 2 (21 maggio 2021): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2618-981x-2021-4-2-133-139.

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The accumulation of arsenic and antimony compounds in environmental objects as a result of the development of mineral deposits is a source of public health risk. Arsenic and antimony, when they enter the human body in excess, activate pathophysiological processes at the subcellular, cellular and organ levels, which leads to the development of multiple organ pathology. The study confirmed the effect of arsenic and antimony on emotional-behavioral responses and cellular immune responses in laboratory animals. Four experimental groups of male Wistar rats and one control group were formed. Experienced with free access to drinking water with different concentrations of arsenic and antimony (water from the hydro dump of the sulphide tailing dump in the village of Komsomolsk, Kemerovo region), the control had free access to clean drinking water. On the 7th and 70th days of the experiment, the emotional-behavioral reactions of the experimental animals were investigated in the "open field" and "raised cruciform maze" tests. The assessment of the cellular immune response was performed by the delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction (HRT). Arsenic and antimony in the studied concentrations have a harmful effect on the central nervous system (CNS) and the cellular immune response of experimental animals, which manifests itself in disorganization of emotional-behavioral reactions, induction of delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions.

Rathinasabapathi, Bala, Suresh Babu Raman, Gina Kertulis e Lena Ma. "Arsenic-resistant proteobacterium from the phyllosphere of arsenic-hyperaccumulating fern (Pteris vittata L.) reduces arsenate to arsenite". Canadian Journal of Microbiology 52, n. 7 (1 luglio 2006): 695–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w06-017.

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An arsenic-resistant bacterium, AsRB1, was isolated from the fronds of Pteris vittata grown in a site contaminated with copper chromium arsenate. The bacterium exhibited resistance to arsenate, arsenite, and antimony in the culture medium. AsRB1, like Pseudomonas putida, grew on MacConkey and xylose–lactose–desoxycholate agars and utilized citrate but, unlike P. putida, was positive for indole test and negative for oxidase test. A phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene showed that AsRB1 is a proteobacterium of the beta subclass, related to Pseudomonas saccharophila and Variovorax paradoxus. Following an exogenous supply of arsenate, most arsenic occurred as arsenite in the medium and the cell extracts, suggesting reduction and extrusion of arsenic as the mechanism for arsenic resistance in AsRB1.Key words: arsenate reduction, arsenic bioremediation, Pseudomonas saccharophila, Variovorax paradoxus, Pteris vittala.

Song, Yan, Hong Ying Yang e Lin Lin Tong. "Bioleaching of Complex Refractory Gold Ore Concentrate of China: Comparison of Shake Flask and Continuous Bioreactor". Advanced Materials Research 1130 (novembre 2015): 243–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1130.243.

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The laboratory tests of biooxidation and cyanidation were carried out by using samples of the complex refractory gold ore from China. The elemental composition was 16.8 % iron, 18.6 % sulfur, 4.88 % arsenic，2.30 % carbon and 3.49 % antimony. Gold is assayed at 46 g/t. The arsenic oxidation of 88.11 %，carbon removal rate of 32.34 % and antimony oxidation of 23.92 % over 16d was achieved in shake flasks in the presence of the mixed culture (HQ0211: Thiobacillus ferrooxidans Leptospirillum ferrooxidans and Thiobacillus thiooxidans). The continuous bioreactor tests resulted in greater dissolution rates for arsenic, carbon and antimony, which led to a greater extent of sulphide oxidation within a shorter period of time. The maximum oxidation of arsenic and antimony was 90.72 % and 40.09 % respectively and the removal rate of carbon is 63.48% after 8d in the continuous bioreactor tests. After bioleaching, the gold recovery of the oxidation residue was 98.02 % with the cyanidation method, which was showed the biological pretreatment was applicable to the complex refractory gold ore.

Più fonti

Tesi sul tema "Arsenic and Antimony":

Perry, Meghan Rose. "Arsenic, antimony and visceral leishmaniasis". Thesis, University of Dundee, 2014. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/14edf50b-4943-4ec8-8556-8aaecf3a9f49.

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In Bihar state, India, the cure rate of antimonial compounds in the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) has declined from over 85% to less than 50%. This has been attributed to prolonged, widespread misuse of antimonials within the Indian private healthcare system. An alternative resistance hypothesis is that exposure to arsenic in drinking water in this region has resulted in antimony-resistant Leishmania parasites. Leishmania donovani were serially passaged in mice exposed to environmentally-relevant levels of arsenic in drinking water. Arsenic accumulation in organs of these mice was proportional to exposure. After five passages, isolated parasites were refractory to SbV in drug sensitivity assays. Treatment of infected mice with SbV confirmed that these parasites retained resistance in vivo, supporting this hypothesis. A retrospective field study on a cohort of antimony treated VL patients was performed in an arsenic contaminated area of Bihar to evaluate the presence of an increased risk of treatment failure and death in those exposed to arsenic. It demonstrated a significant increased risk of death from VL in arsenic exposed patients but did not indicate a significant relationship between arsenic exposure and antimonial treatment failure. Collectively these data suggest that it is biochemically possible that arsenic contamination may have contributed to the development of antimonial resistance in Bihar although issues of underpower and the retrospective nature of our epidemiological study made it difficult to conclusively demonstrate this. Further research in to the relationships between arsenic exposure and antimonial treatment failure and death in the leishmaniases is warranted.

Andrewes, Paul. "Arsenic and antimony biomethylation by Scopulariopsis brevicaulis". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0009/NQ56494.pdf.

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Koch, Iris. "Arsenic and antimony species in the terrestrial environment". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ34566.pdf.

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Shaikh, Taimur A. "NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN CYCLIZED ARSENIC AND ANTIMONY THIOLATES". UKnowledge, 2007. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/494.

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There is a continued interest in the properties of arsenic thiolate compounds for both industrial and biological uses. Recent discoveries in the medicinal properties of such compounds have resulted in a sustained need for the synthesis of new dithiarsolane compounds for research as anti-leukemic compounds. Close analogues of the 2-halo arsenic dithiolates, namely those with an arsenic-carbon bond instead of an arsenic-halide bond, have recently been shown to have some efficacy towards leukemia cells. Based on the hydrolytic character and the active role of glutathione with arsenic in vivo, the compounds reported here may also have such activity. Arsenic compounds have demonstrated biological activity in the literature, thus the hypothesis of this thesis is cyclized arsenic thiolates can be synthesized with the appropriate characteristics as to be potentially useful medicinal agents as well as provide new structural and reaction information. A series of arsenic and antimony di- and trithiolates has been synthesized and characterized. Those compounds include 2-chloro-1,3,2-dithiarsolane, 2-bromo- 1,3,2-dithiarsolane, 2-iodo-1,3,2-dithiarsolane, 2-chloro-1,3,2-dithiarsenane, 2-bromo- 1,3,2-dithiarsenane, 2-iodo-1,3,2-dithiarsenane, 3-chloro-4H,7H-5,6-benz-1,3,2- dithiarsepine, 2-chloro-benzo-1,3,2-dithiarsole, 1,2-bis-dithiarsolan-2-ylmercapto-ethane, tris-(pentafluorophenylthio)-arsen, bis(2-(1,3,2-benzodithiarsol-2ylsulfanyl)- benzenesulfide), 2-chloro-benzo-1,3,2-dithiastibole, and bis(2-(1,3,2-benzodithistibol)- 1,2-benzenedithiol. Elucidation of the pH characteristics of arsenic dithiolates within the human toxicity reaction pathway is an area of interest. It has been shown that the aqueous arsenic dithiolate stability depends on the size of the ring. 2-Chloro-1,3,2-dithiarsolane has been shown to be somewhat stable at both low and high pH as well as neutral pH. 1,2-bis- Dithiarsolan-2-ylmercapto-ethane is completely stable in a neutral aqueous solution. Glutathione does not permanently bind to arsenic even in overwhelming excess. In particular, these fully characterized compounds determine how reactive the AsS and AsCl linkages are under environmental and biological conditions, and provide a source of new reagents to examine in medical applications. Future applications may include the incorporation of the reported compounds in filtration and remediation technologies with further modification.

Collins, Helen. "Halide transfer reactions of arsenic, antimony and bismuth". Thesis, University of Warwick, 1991. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/108064/.

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The study of Group 15 (As, Sb, Bi) halide exchange reactions. The Lewis acidity of SbCls was displayed using various metal halides. Treatment of the metal halides MCln (n=2, M=Mg, Sn; n=3, M=Sc, Y, La, Ti, In; n=4, M=Ti, Sn) with SbCls in MeCN provided antimonate(V) salts of the type [MCln-lL7-n][SbCl6] characterised by ^lgb nmr, electronic and infra-red spectroscopy and accompanying microanalytical data. Depending upon the stoichiometry of the reactants used the antimonate salts have been formulated as [MCln-xL6-(n-x)]x+[SbCl6]x‘ (where n=2, 3, 4; x=l, 2, 3). The formation of mono-, di- and tricationic metal species has been effected by single and multiple halide abstraction, the resultant formation of 1:1. 1:2 and 1:3 electrolytes in MeCN has been confirmed by conductivity studies. The Lewis acidity and basicity of BiCl3 was illustrated by treatment of MCln (n=2, M=Mg; n=5, M=Sb respectively) with BiCl3 in MeCN. Reaction with n=2, M=Mg gave bismuthate(III) salts of the type [Mg(MeCN)6)mlBi4Cli2+2m]2m'- "1=2, 3, depending upon the stoichiometry of the reactants used. The crystal structure of the product m=2 in MeCN resulted in the hexa-coordinated magnesium [Mg(MeCN)$J2+ dication and the novel tetranuclear bismuth(III) chloro anion [Bi4Cll6l4". which contains three different types of chlorine atoms; ten terminal, four an(j two Where m=3 gave a tetranuclear anion [18- Further variation of the stoichiometry of the MgCl2/BiCl3 system did not give any other products. Conductivity measurements confirm the products as 2:1 and 3:1 electrolytes in DMF. However reaction of BiCl3 with n=3, m=Ti, V, Cr, Fe; n=4, M=Ti, Sn led to the neutral [MCI3L3] and [MCI4L2] adducts. The limited Lewis acidity of SbCl3 towards MCln was displayed by reaction of MCln (n=3, M=Ti, Fc, In, Bi; n=4, M=Ti, Sn) with SbCl3 in MeCN which gave the neutral MCInLx (L=MeCN, x=2, 3) adducts. Reaction with n=5, M=Sb provided SbCl3-SbCl5.4MeCN. The oxidation of As(III) to As(V) using chlorine and reaction with MCln (n=4, M=Ti, Sn, n=2, M=Zn) gave the MClnLx adducts. Reaction with n=2, M=Mg and MC4NCI gave [Mg(MeCN)6][AsCl6] and [Me4Nl[AsCl6l- [TiCl3(MeCN)3HSbCl6) and [TiCl2(MeCN)4][SbCl6)2 have been shown to behave as reactive centres for ligand and/or chloride exchange reactions with neutral, L' and anionic, L" ligands (L'=PPh3; L"=C1‘, Br*). Reaction with L’=PPh3 gave [TiCl3(PPh3)][SbCl6l and with L'=C|- gave TiCl4L2- Reaction of T1CI4 with MgCl2 in MeCN gave the ternary complex MgCl2.TiCl4.6MeCN.

Junk, Margrit. "Material properties of copper alloys containing arsenic, antimony, and bismuth". Doctoral thesis, Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola&quot, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:105-1299566.

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This work deals with Early Bronze Age ingot torques, their composition, and material properties. The aim was to decide whether and how a choice of materials by composition or properties was possible during the Early Bronze Age. Early Bronze Age ingot torques were analysed and artefacts from several hoard finds and working stages were investigated metallographically. On the basis of these data the production technology was reconstructed. For the determination of mechanical and technological properties, reference alloys were produced and investigated. The production process was simulated by forging experiments. The investigations revealed that ingot torques were produced by a standardised technology, independent of their composition. The results of the material testing show that it is possible to distinguish the composition of the Early Bronze Age alloys by their mechanical and technological properties.

Francis, M. D. "Studies of low co-ordinate phosphorus, arsenic and antimony compounds". Thesis, Swansea University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.637005.

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The work described in this thesis revolves around one main theme: the chemistry of the group 15 elements phosphorus, arsenic and antimony in low co-ordinate states. The work is divided into seven chapters. Chapter one is a general introduction and briefly reviews the basic properties of the group 15 elements. It also introduces the double bond rule, the concept of low co-ordination and how low co-ordinate main group species can be stabilised using bulky substituents and/or delocalisation of electrons. Chapter two describes the synthesis and characterisation of a group 15 substituted cyclopentadienyl system, namely the 1,4,2-diphosphastibolyl anion [1,4,2-P₂SbC₂Bu^t₂]^- which contains two di-co-ordinate phosphorus centres and a two co-ordinate antimony centre. Chapter three describes the preparation and characterisation of a range of transition metal complexes derived from the diphosphastibolyl ring anion in which it exhibits η⁵:η¹ co-ordination behaviour. The theme of Chapter four is the synthesis and characterisation of main group compounds derived from the diphosphastibolyl anion including a polyhetero-plumbocene and-stannocene. Chapter 5 moves away from the area of substituted cyclopentadienyl systems and into the field of group 15 heteroalkynes. The first part describes the synthesis and characterisation of a compound formulated as a rare example of a σ-phosphaalkyne complex in which the phosphaalkyne bonds to a ruthenium (0) centre via its lone pair of electrons. The second part discusses the coupling reaction of phosphaalkynes with an alkyne at a dirhodium centre. The co-ordination properties of the coupled products are investigated. The latter part of Chapter 5 describes the synthesis and characterisation of compounds derived from the metal mediated coupling reactions of the arsaalkyne, As≈CMes^*. These compounds are only the second and third reported to be derived from the direct reaction of an arsaalkyne. Chapter 6 discusses the 1,2-addition reactions of phenylselenyl halides to phosphaalkynes. The factors influencing the regio- and stereochemistry of the resulting selenophosphaalkenes are considered and a possible mechanism for the process is proposed. The final chapter contains some concluding remarks on the work.

GaÌl, Judit M. "Biogeochemistry of arsenic and antimony : risk assessment in mining areas". Thesis, University of the West of Scotland, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.430897.

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Rouwane, Asmaa. "Mobilité de l'Arsenic (As) et l'antimoine (Sb) d'origine géogénique dans un sol hydromorphe d'une zone humide agricole". Thesis, Limoges, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIMO0103.

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Nous avons identifié le rôle de la distribution solide et l’implication de facteurs (potentiel d’oxydoréduction, anions compétiteurs, activité biologique, matière organique (MO)) dans la mobilité de l’arsenic (As) et l’antimoine (Sb) dans un sol de zone humide (ZH) agricole. Pour cela, nous avons effectué i) un suivi de la physico–chimie de l’eau interstitielle de la ZH et ii) des incubations en batch du sol de surface de la ZH (0–20/30 cm). En parallèle, nous avons déterminé la distribution solide de As et Sb sur le sol de la ZH à différentes profondeurs (0–130 cm). Nous avons démontré que As est accumulé à la surface du sol avec une association préférentielle avec les oxyhydroxydes de Fe/Mn « amorphes » (59% de As total) en présence de taux élevés de MO. En conditions réductrices, As est fortement solubilisé (jusqu’à 20% de la teneur en As total) contrairement aux conditions oxydantes ce qui est associé i) à la dissolution des oxyhydroxydes de Fe/Mn catalysée par l’activité microbienne et ii) au changement de la spéciation inorganique de As sous forme de As(III) (espèce plus mobile que As(V)). Pour ce qui est de Sb, il est accumulé à la surface du sol avec i) une distribution plus étendues avec les phases solides (27% et 15% dans les oxyhydroxydes de Fe/Mn « amorphes » et « cristallins », 21% dans la MO et 32% dans la fraction résiduelle) et ii) une affinité directe pour la MO contrairement à As. La mobilisation de Sb est favorisée en conditions oxydantes (jusqu'à 5 μg.L–1) en présence de MO dissoute dans l’eau interstitielle et est limitée en conditions réductrices (<3%) (0,2 μg.L–1 dans l’eau interstitielle et 1,5 μg.L–1 dans les batch). Cette mobilité en conditions réductrices est attribuée i) à la dissolution réductrice des oxyhydroxydes de Fe/ Mn catalysée par l’activité microbienne réductrice du sol et ii) au possible changement d’état d’oxydation de Sb sous forme de Sb(III) (espèce moins mobile que Sb(V)). En conditions réductrices, l’apport de 50 mg.L–1 de nitrates et de 20 mg.L–1 de phosphates au sol a engendré une mobilisation plus importante de As et Sb (d’un facteur 2,3 et 1,6, respectivement) qui est attribuée à une possible amplification de la respiration microbienne du sol causant une production plus importante en ions hydrogénocarbonates qui en plus des ions phosphates favoriserait la mobilisation de As et Sb par des effets de compétition
In this study, we evaluated the effect of i) solid-phase distribution and ii) biophysico–chemical factors (redox potential (Eh), competing anions, microbial activity, organic matter (OM)) on the mobility of arsenic (As) and antimony (Sb) in an agricultural wetland soil. For that, we first performed a physico–chemical monitoring of wetland porewater (field scale) then we conducted controlled batch incubations of the wetland soil (0–20/30 cm) (batch scale). The solid–phase distribution of As and Sb in wetland soil was also performed at different soil depths (0–130 cm). We showed that the highest As content was found in the upper soil layers (0–40 cm) with a preferential association to “amorphous” oxyhydroxydes (59% of total As) in presence of high levels of OM. Under reducing conditions, As was highly solubilized at both field and batch scale (up to 20% of the total As content) which was induced by i) the dissolution of Fe/Mn oxyhydroxides enhanced by soil microbial activity and ii) As(V) reduction into As(III) (very mobile specie). On the other hand, Sb mobilization was enhanced under oxidizing conditions at field scale (up to 5 μg.L–1) with the concomitant occurrence of dissolved OM (up to 93 mg.L–1) and was rather limited under reducing conditions (<3% of the total Sb content; 0.2 μg.L–1 at field scale and up to 1.5 μg.L–1 at batch scale). The mobility behavior of Sb was attributed to i) the dissolution of Fe/Mn oxyhydroxides catalyzed by microbial activity, ii) the possible occurrence of Sb in its less mobile form (Sb(III)) under reducing conditions and iii) probable DOM–induced mobilization under oxidizing conditions. Under reducing conditions, the addition of nitrate (50 mg.L–1) and phosphate (20 mg.L–1) to wetland soil, enhanced As and Sb mobilization by factors of 2.3 and 1.6 which was suggested to be caused by the combined competing effect of phosphate and hydrogenocarbonate ions; the latter one resulting from a possible enhanced microbial activity

Akagi, Susumu 1954. "Thermochemical nature of arsenic, antimony and bismuth in copper smelting matte". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276743.

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Abstract (sommario):

The equilibrium distribution measurements of As, Sb and Bi between molten copper and white metal and molten copper and matte were conducted to evaluate the activity coefficients of these impurity elements in copper smelting matte. The experimental results were analyzed through comparison and reconciliation with data in the literature. The following equations, based on a liquid standard state, were obtained for ᵞAs, ᵞSb and ᵞBi in white metal coexisting with copper phase at 1,150-1,200°C. Ln ᵞAs = -2.49 + 0.186 NAs; Ln ᵞSb = -1.23 + 23.5 NSb; Ln ᵞBi = 3.01 + 14.0 NBi where Ni represents the mole fraction of the element Bi in white metal. Analysis of the data demonstrated that a major factor in removing As, Sb and Bi in matte during smelting involves careful control of the sulfur pressure, ie. matte's sulfur content, the optimum matte composition's being those that approach the Cu₂S-FeS pseudo binary.

Più fonti

Libri sul tema "Arsenic and Antimony":

C, Norman Nicholas, a cura di. Chemistry of arsenic, antimony, and bismuth. London: Blackie Academic & Professional, 1998.

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Sun, Hongzhe, a cura di. Biological Chemistry of Arsenic, Antimony and Bismuth. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470975503.

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Collins, Helen. Halide transfer reactions of arsenic, antimony and bismuth. [s.l.]: typescript, 1991.

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Roza, Greg. The nitrogen elements: Nitrogen, phosphorous, arsenic, antimony, bismuth. New York: Rosen Pub., 2009.

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Saul, Patai, a cura di. The chemistry of organic arsenic, antimony, and bismuth compounds. Chichester: Wiley, 1994.

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Patai, Saul, a cura di. The Chemistry of Organic Arsenic, Antimony and Bismuth Compounds. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0470023473.

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Behrens, Robert George. Vaporization kinetics and thermodynamics in the arsenic-oxygen and antimony-oxygen systems. Ann Arbor, MI: University Microfilms International, 1989.

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Kirkinskiĭ, V. A. Khalʹkogenidy myshʹi͡a︡ka, surʹmy i vismuta pri vysokikh davlenii͡a︡kh. Novosibirsk: Izd-vo "Nauka," Sibirskoe otd-nie, 1985.

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Karpov, Gennadiĭ Aleksandrovich. Sovremennye gidrotermy i rtutno-surʹmi͡a︡no-myshʹi͡a︡kovoe orudenenie. Moskva: "Nauka", 1988.

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Holmström, Åke. Removal of antimony, arsenic and bismuth from cooper, silver and gold rich concentrates. Stockholm: Royal Institute of Technology, Dept. of Production Technology (Mining and Steel Industry), 1988.

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Più fonti

Capitoli di libri sul tema "Arsenic and Antimony":

Turova, Nataliya. "Arsenic, Antimony, Bismuth". In Inorganic Chemistry in Tables, 46–49. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20487-6_15.

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Arai, Yuji. "Arsenic and Antimony". In Trace Elements in Soils, 381–407. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444319477.ch16.

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Krannich, L. K. "Involving Phosphorus and Antimony, Phosphorus and Bismuth, Arsenic and Antimony, Arsenic and Bismuth or Antimony and Bismuth". In Inorganic Reactions and Methods, 69–70. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470145210.ch22.

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Rossman, Toby G., e Catherine B. Klein. "Genetic Toxicology of Arsenic and Antimony". In Biological Chemistry of Arsenic, Antimony and Bismuth, 331–51. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470975503.ch14.

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Jenkins, Richard O. "Biomethylation of Arsenic, Antimony and Bismuth". In Biological Chemistry of Arsenic, Antimony and Bismuth, 145–80. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470975503.ch7.

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Haraguchi, Hiroki. "Metallomics Research Related to Arsenic". In Biological Chemistry of Arsenic, Antimony and Bismuth, 83–112. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470975503.ch4.

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Wang, Kui, Siwang Yu e Tianlan Zhang. "Arsenic in Traditional Chinese Medicine". In Biological Chemistry of Arsenic, Antimony and Bismuth, 113–33. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470975503.ch5.

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Weidlein, Johann. "Organoindium-Phosphorus, -Arsenic, and -Antimony Compounds". In In Organoindium Compounds, 312–26. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-09144-9_8.

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Sisler, H. H. "In Arsenic, Antimony or Bismuth Allotropes". In Inorganic Reactions and Methods, 30–31. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470145210.ch10.

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Lloyd, Jonathan R. "Microbial Transformations of Arsenic in Aquifers". In Biological Chemistry of Arsenic, Antimony and Bismuth, 135–43. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470975503.ch6.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Arsenic and Antimony":

Shestakov, N. A., R. I. Aizman, A. S. Ogudov e N. F. Chuenko. "Effect of combined action of arsenic and antimony compounds on renal function in the subchronic test". In VIII Vserossijskaja konferencija s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem «Mediko-fiziologicheskie problemy jekologii cheloveka». Publishing center of Ulyanovsk State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.34014/mpphe.2021-239-242.

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The study was conducted on male Wistar rats. We used 4 mathematically related series of doses prepared by sequential dilution of water from a man-made lake according to the scheme: arsenic: 0.15 - 0.05 - 0.016 - 0.0055, antimony: 0.68 - 0.227 - 0.075 - 0.025 mg/l. The animals were examined before inoculation (background), on days 40 and 90 of the experiment, taking into account the processes of cumulation of chemical elements in the kidneys. New data on the nature of nephrotoxic effects of arsenic and antimony in the long-term combined intake into the body of laboratory animals have been obtained. Key words: water from a man-made lake, arsenic and antimony compounds, Wistar rats, nephrotoxicity.

"HYGIENIC ANALYSIS OF ARSENIC LEVELS IN GROUNDWATER AND PUBLIC HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT". In СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ ЭКОЛОГИИ И ЗДОРОВЬЯ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ. ЭКОЛОГИЯ И ЗДОРОВЬЕ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ. Иркутский научный центр хирургии и травматологии, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/978-5-98277-383-8-art20.

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The Trans-Baikal Territory territory has numerous deposits and ore occurrences of arsenic, gold, antimony. The most favorable conditions for the migration and accumulation of arsenic in groundwater are created in the zone of hypergenesis of gold-antimony and gold ore deposits, confined to chemically weakly active terrigenous rocks. In the region there is a significant technogenic component of water pollution by arsenic, due to the activities of the mining industry. In the enrichment of ores of tin, gold and other deposits with high arsenic content, the main amount of arsenic (up to 80 % and more) ends up in wastes. Excess of hygienic standards of levels of element in drinking water at the level from 0,02 to 0,4 mg/1 was observed in the territories of Nerchinsky, Sretensky, Baleisky and Priargunsky districts. When assessing the health risk, it was found that the level of individual carcinogenic risk is assessed as unacceptable for the population, with regard to non-carcinogenic risk a significant excess of the allowable value of the hazard coefficient was revealed.

Case, Christopher. ""There's Antimony, Arsenic, Aluminium, Selenium...Materials in Semiconductor Manufacturing"". In 2008 IEEE/SEMI Advanced Semiconductor Manufacturing Conference (ASMC). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/asmc.2008.4529068.

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Tuzzolo, Michelle R., Jeffrey T. Kohli e James E. Shelby. "Hydrogen-induced absorption in glasses containing arsenic and antimony". In San Dieg - DL Tentative, a cura di Alexander J. Marker III. SPIE, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.22513.

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Zhong, Juan, Xiaokui Che, Xinglan Cui, Hongxia Li, Qidong Zhang, Lei Wang, Qi Zheng e Xuewu Hu. "Bioremediation of Antimony and Arsenic Co-contamination from Antimony Mining Area with Sulfate-reducing Bacteria". In The International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Bioinformatics. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0011381600003443.

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Rucker, H., B. Heinemann, R. Barth, D. Bolze, V. Melnik, R. Kurps e D. Kruger. "Antimony as Substitute for Arsenic to Eliminate Enhanced Diffusion Effects". In 32nd European Solid-State Device Research Conference. IEEE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/essderc.2002.194904.

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Lalinska-Volekova, Bronislava, Hana Majerova, Ivona Kautmanova, Tomas Farago, Dana Szaboova e Jana Brcekova. "MICROBIAL COMPOSITION OF NATURAL Fe OXYHYDROXIDES AND ITS INFLUENCE ON ARSENIC AND ANTIMONY SORPTION". In 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022/5.1/s20.037.

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The presented paper represents a comprehensive analysis of hydrous ferric oxides (HFOs) precipitated from Fe rich drainage waters contaminated by arsenic and antimony. Ochre samples from three abandoned Sb deposits were collected in three different seasons and were characterized from the mineralogical, geochemical, and microbiological point of view. They were formed mainly by poorly crystallized 2-line ferrihydrite, with the content of arsenic in samples ranging from 0.7 wt.% to 13 wt.% and content of antimony ranging from 0.025 wt.% up to 1.2 wt.%. Next-generation sequencing approach with 16S RNA, 18S RNA and ITS markers was used to characterize bacterial, fungal, algal, metazoal and protozoal communities occurring in the HFOs. In the 16S RNA, the analysis dominated bacteria (96.2 %) were mainly Proteobacteria (68.8 %) and Bacteroidetes (10.2 %) and to less extent also Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Firmicutes, Nitrosprae and Chloroflexi. Alpha and beta diversity analysis revealed that the bacterial communities of individual sites do not differ significantly, and only subtle seasonal changes were observed. This study provides evidence of diverse microbial communities that exist in drainage waters and are highly important in the process of mobilization or immobilization of the potentially toxic elements.

Абдуллаевна,, Абдухакимова Хуснидахон. "СУҒОРИЛАДИГАН БЎЗ ТУПРОҚЛАРДА ОҒИР МЕТАЛЛАРНИНГ МИГРАЦИЯСИ ВА АККУМУЛЯЦИЯСИ". In GOALS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN THE INTEGRATION OF SCIENCE AND EDUCATION. International Scientific and Current Research Conferences, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/goal-36.

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The article defines the composition, quantity, distribution and other geochemical properties of heavy metals in old irrigated soils and fallows of South Fergana. Also, the accumulation of arsenic and antimony in the upper arable layers of soils and geochemical barriers has been proven, which is associated with their translocation and water- migration properties.

Rogers, Meredith, Kimberly Weil, Dyllon Leather, Bayleigh Sauerwald, Amy Sheinbaum e Jonathan P. Schmitkons. "MICROBIAL CYCLING OF ARSENIC AND ANTIMONY IN CONTAMINATE AND PRISTINE ENVIRONMENTS". In 53rd Annual GSA Northeastern Section Meeting - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018ne-311258.

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Qiao, Wen, Deqiang Zhang, Yi Wang, Guangyu Bai e Wei Sun. "Co-contamination of dissolved antimony, arsenic, and fluoride in mining-influenced aquifers from the Xikuangshan antimony mine, China". In Goldschmidt2023. France: European Association of Geochemistry, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.7185/gold2023.18048.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Arsenic and Antimony":

Bessinger, Brad, e John A. Apps. The Hydrothermal Chemistry of Gold, Arsenic, Antimony, Mercury and Silver. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), marzo 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/840338.

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Gray. L51567 Influence of Filler Wire Carbon and Residual Element Content on the Mechanical Properties. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), giugno 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010565.

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This study was conducted to determine the interactive roles of carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen and residual elements such as titanium, chromium, copper, sulfur, phosphorous, aluminum, tin, antimony, and arsenic on weld metal mechanical properties in pipeline steels. Eleven seamless, flux-core electrodes were fabricated with varying compositions and deposited in girth welds in a 24-inch diameter, API 5LX-65 pipe using the gas-metal-arc-weld (GMAW) process. The results of Charpy V-notch and crack-tip opening displacement tests indicate that desirable toughness properties may require the addition of alloying elements (e.g., nickel) that promote the formation of acicular-ferrite microstructures. In addition, small variations in sulfur content were shown to cause significant variability in notch toughness.

Barker, Amanda, Jay Clausen, Thomas Douglas, Anthony Bednar, Christopher Griggs e William Martin. Environmental impact of metals resulting from military training activities : a review. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), febbraio 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/43348.

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Abstract (sommario):

The deposition of metals into the environment as a result of military training activities remains a longterm concern for Defense organizations across the globe. Of particular concern for deposition and potential mobilization are antimony (Sb), arsenic (As), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and tungsten (W), which are the focus of this review article. The fate, transport, and mobilization of these metals are complicated and depend on a variety of environmental factors that are often convoluted, heterogeneous, and site dependent. While there have been many studies investigating contaminant mobilization on military training lands there exists a lack of cohesiveness surrounding the current state of knowledge for these five metals. The focus of this review article is to compile the current knowledge of the fate, transport, and ultimate risks presented by metals associated with different military training activities particularly as a result of small arms training activities, artillery/mortar ranges, battleruns, rocket ranges, and grenade courts. From there, we discuss emerging research results and finish with suggestions of where future research efforts and training range designs could be focused toward further reducing the deposition, limiting the migration, and decreasing risks presented by metals in the environment. Additionally, information presented here may offer insights into Sb, As, Cu, Pb, and W in other environmental settings.

Maps showing distribution of gold, antimony, arsenic, bismuth, cadmium, and zinc in stream-sediment samples, Delta 1 degree by 2 degrees Quadrangle, Utah. US Geological Survey, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/mf2081d.

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Map showing the distribution of anomalous concentrations of mercury, antimony, and arsenic in stream sediment, heavy-mineral concentrate, and aquatic moss in the Iditarod Quadrangle, Alaska. US Geological Survey, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/mf2219c.

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Maps showing the distribution of antimony, arsenic, barium, beryllium, bismuth, cadmium, copper, lead, molybdenum, silver, tin, tungsten, and zinc in heavy-mineral-concentrate samples, Delta 1 degree by 2 degrees Quadrangle, Utah. US Geological Survey, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/mf2081e.

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Geochemical map showing distribution of samples of nonmagnetic heavy-mineral concentrates that contain anomalous concentrations of antimony, arsenic, copper, lead, silver, and zinc in the Wallace 1 degree by 2 degrees Quadrangle, Montana and Idaho. US Geological Survey, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/i1509b.

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Maps showing distribution of iron, cobalt, barium, strontium, arsenic, antimony, and bismuth in samples of minus-60-mesh (0.25-MM) stream sediment and (or) nonmagnetic heavy-mineral concentrate, Walker Lake 1 degree by 2 degrees Quadrangle, California and Nevada. US Geological Survey, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/mf1382i.

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Geochemistry, geochronology, mineralogy, and geology suggest sources of and controls on mineral systems in the southern Toquima Range, Nye County, Nevada; with geochemistry maps of gold, silver, mercury, arsenic, antimony, zinc, copper, lead, molybdenum, bismuth, iron, titanium, vanadium, cobalt, beryllium, boron, fluorine, and sulfur; and with a section on lead associations, mineralogy and paragenesis, and isotopes. US Geological Survey, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/mf2327c.

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