Tesi sul tema "ARN Dependent ARN Polymerase"
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Devert, Anthony. "Etude des ARN Polymérases ARN-dépendantes impliquées dans le RNA silencing". Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX22086.
Testo completoThe aim of this work was to study RNA-dependent RNA polymerases involved in RNA silencing in Arabidopsis thaliana. During my thesis, the search for RDR interactors among proteins involved in RNA silencing allowed the detection of interactions between RDR6 and SDE3, RDR6 and SGS3, and also between SDE3 and SGS3 using Co-IP and BiFC. In addition, the co-localisation of these proteins was observed when produced transiently in epidermal cells of N. Benthamiana.A screen of an A. thaliana cDNA library by yeast two hybrid allowed us to identify some putative new RDR6 interactors. Two putative RDR6 interactors, AtUAP56 and U2B’’, are known to be involved in pre-miRNA splicing. Furthermore, a link between pre-mRNA 3’ splicing and RNA silencing was previously reported. We also confirmed the interaction between AtUAP56-1 and RDR6 by BiFC. An investigation of A. thaliana of AtUAP56-1 mutants has been initiated.Recombinant RDRs were produced transiently in N. Benthamiana, and a biochemical comparative study of RDR2 and RDR6 performed. We found that RDR2, like RDR6, has a de novo polymerase activity on DNA and RNA templates, and for both RDRs we also showed, for the first time, a primer-dependant synthesis of dsRNA from RNA template. These findings provide important new insights into our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of RNA silencing amplification in Arabidopsis
Durieux-Trouilleton, Quentin. "Analyse structurale et fonctionnelle de la réplication et de la transcription des Bunyavirus". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024GRALV028.
Testo completoBunyavirales is a large and diverse order of more than 500 segmented negative-stranded single-stranded RNA viruses, including several emerging and/or highly pathogenic human viruses. Within this order the family Hantaviridae includes the Hantaan virus (HTNV) that causes haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, and the Sin Nombre virus (SNV), which can lead to severe pulmonary syndromes. These illnesses are linked to significant mortality rate of 15% and 50% respectively. A second family, Peribunyaviridae, includes viruses that cause encephalitis in children, notably La Crosse virus (LACV). There is currently no vaccine or drug approved by health authorities to combat these viruses.The aim of this thesis is to study these viruses and, in particular, their RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, that is a large multi-functional protein of 250kDa. This protein, also called L protein, plays a key role in the replication and transcription of the viral genome. The experiments that I carried out focused mainly on Hantaan virus polymerase (HTNV-L). Complementary experiments were also performed on SNV-L and LACV-L.I used cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) as the main method to determine the structure of HTNV-L. The first partial structures of HTNV-L revealed that its apo structure adopts an inactive conformation with a novel α-helical configuration of the catalytic motif E. Structural analysis of HTNV-L in the presence of the 5'-end of the viral RNA (vRNA) showed that the binding of the latter triggers a cascade of modifications, that notably involves the complete reorganisation of the catalytic motif E into a canonical β-sheet configuration, leading to drastic conformational changes in the active site. Binding of the viral RNA 5'-end to HTNV-L is also required for the recruitment of the viral RNA 3'-end to the polymerase active site for replication initiation. Activity assays coupled with cryo-EM structures of HTNV-L and LACV-L reveal the mechanisms involved in the different steps of genome replication, in particular its initiation, which uses a prime-and-realign mechanism. Structures stalled during replication elongation then reveal the formation of a template/product duplex in the active site cavity, coupled with conformational changes in HTNV-L.Secondly, cryo-EM imaging of apo HTNV-L also revealed the high-resolution structures of HTNV-L in three different oligomers: monomers, symmetric dimers and symmetric hexamers composed of trimers of dimers. Multimer formation involves large movements of the protomers, demonstrating the ability of HTNV-L to undergo conformational changes. These oligomers provided the opportunity to observe and determine the structure of each domain of HTNV-L, including the most flexible ones, finally revealing the complete structure of this essential viral enzyme.Taken together, these elements reveal (i) the ability of HTNV-L to multimerise in its inactive apo form, which probably corresponds to a stabilising and protective storage system for the protein, (ii) the activation of the polymerase triggered by viral RNA binding, and (iii) the intricate molecular mechanisms underlying genome replication. Collectively, these results significantly improve the understanding of the mechanisms involved in Bunyavirus genome replication and provide a solid basis for the future development of antivirals against this group of emerging pathogens
HERICOURT, FRANCOIS. "Etude moleculaire de l'arn polymerase arn-dependante du virus de la mosaique jaune du navet (tymv)". Paris 6, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA066244.
Testo completoSubissi, Lorenzo. "Biochemical insights into SARS-CoV replication". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM5002.
Testo completoThis work focused on the enzymatic machinery involved in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) RNA replication and transcription. Firstly, I established a robust in vitro polymerase assay with the canonical SARS-CoV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) nsp12. I showed that nsp12, in order to engage processive RNA synthesis, needs two viral proteins, i.e. nsp7 and nsp8. This nsp7/nsp8 complex not only activates nsp12-RdRp, but also acts as a processivity factor. Thus, using this processive polymerase complex, I could investigate SARS-CoV proofreading for which only indirect evidences were reported. Indeed, coronaviruses encode for a 3'-5' exonuclease (nsp14-ExoN), putatively involved in a mechanism that proofreads coronavirus RNA during viral replication. We first showed in vitro that nsp14-ExoN, which is stimulated by nsp10, is able to excise specifically dsRNA as well as all primer/templates bearing a 3' mismatch on the primer. Moreover, we could confirm by sequencing that a RNA 3' mismatch was indeed corrected in vitro by the nsp7/nsp8/nsp12/nsp14 complex. We provide for the first time direct evidence that nsp14-ExoN, in coordination with the polymerase complex, is able to proofread RNA. Interestingly, using this in vitro system we found an element that could possibly explain the inefficacy of ribavirin therapeutic treatment on SARS-patients: ribavirin, which is incorporated by the SARS-CoV polymerase complex, would also be excised by nsp14. In conclusion, this system will drive future development of antivirals, particularly of the nucleoside analogue type, against coronaviruses
Duplàa, Cécile. "Analyse quantitative des produits de polymerase chain reaction utilisant l'incorporation de dUTP biotinylé". Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR2P045.
Testo completoFerrigno, Olivier. "Les elements transposables sine b2 fournissent un promoteur arn polymerase ii mobile". Nice, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NICE5357.
Testo completoSwale, Christopher. "RNA binding and assembly of human influenza A virus polymerases". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAV053/document.
Testo completoInfluenza A virus is a negative-strand RNA virus belonging to the Orthomyxoviriadea family whose replication occurs in the nucleus of infected cells. The genome organisation of influenza virus is segmented in eight vRNA segments of negative polarity coding for at least 16 different viral proteins. Each vRNA is bound to multiple copies of nucleoprotein (NP) and to the heterotrimeric RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase complex (PA, PB1 and PB2) through its 5' and 3' extremities. This macromolecular assembly (vRNA/polymerase/NP) forms the ribonucleoprotein (RNP) particle, which acts as a separate genomic entity within the virion. The RNP complex is at the core of viral replication and in the context of RNPs, the polymerase performs both transcription and replication of the vRNA genome. As such, the polymerase constitutes a major antiviral drug target. The research work presented within this thesis focuses on the underlying determinants of the RNA polymerase assembly process and its interaction with its vRNA genome. To fulfill these goals, our lab, in collaboration with other groups, has set up a novel polyprotein expression system to express the polymerase but also to reconstitute polymerase and cellular partner complexes, notably RanBP5, which belongs to the importin-β family
Azevedo, Jacinthe. "Caractérisation d'une nouvelle famille de protéines susceptibles d'interagir avec une ARN polymerase plastidiale". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011722.
Testo completoThe phage-like RNA polymerases, encoded in the nucleus (NEP; Nuclear Encoded RNA Polymerase) ensure partial!y plastidial genome transcription in higher plants. This work underlined the existence of a new protein family potentially able to interact with NEP in dicotyledon plants: NIP proteins (NEP Interacting Protein). NIP proteins are only present in higher plants and their synthesis is light dependant. Their C-terminal region presents a RINC finger protein-protein interacting domain. Using immundetection, we show the first time that NIP proteins are integrated into thylakoid membranes, keeping probably NEP close to the membrane on the stroma side. This association to membranes offers new insights into NEP activity in chloroplasts of dicotyledon plants
Gu, Bo. "Co-transcriptional processing of pre-mRNA : Effects of RNA polymerase II carboxyl-terminal domain modification". Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066202.
Testo completoTranscription of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) is a highly complex procedure, including initiation, promoter escape, elongation and termination. Each step of transcription is regulated by a variety of cis-elements and trans-factors. Maturation of RNAPII transcripts is also a complicated course consisting of transcript capping, splicing and 3’ end processing. It is widely accepted that RNAPII transcription and its RNA processing are interactional and different processes of RNAPII transcript maturation influence each other. In the attempt of finding the non-coding RNAs that can regulate the activity of RNAPII in mammals, we found that U1 snRNA is associated with RNAPII no matter if RNAPII is transcribing or not. Moreover, using fluorescence microscopy, we showed that the interaction between U1 snRNA and RNAPII is independent on splicing, which is the main function of U1 snRNA. During the investigation of the effect of RNAPII on transcript maturation, I focused on post-translational phosphorylation of the carboxyl-terminal domain of RNAPII, which is the unique domain of RNAPII in all RNAPI, II and III. I found that the phosphorylation of CTD serine 2 residues is required for constitutive splicing as well as 3’ end processing. I also provided the evidence to show the effect of splicing on 3’ end processing via the splicing factor U2AF65. Furthermore, I showed the effect of CTD serine 2 residue phosphorylation on alternative splicing and the recruitment of TAF15, PSF and P54 to the transcription sites. Finally, I summarized the unknown points in my study and proposed the perspective
Gajda, Anna Ewa. "Regulation of a gene transcription by RNA polymerase III in Saccharomyces cerevisiae : the role of evolutionarily conserved domains of the Maf1 protein, RNA polymerase III repressor". Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112224.
Testo completoYeast cell encounters numerous environ mental situations that require a rapid and efficient adaptation of cellular melabolism to changing Iife conditions. One of the first responses is the inhibition of RNA polymerase III (Pol llI) transcription. The Maf1 protein, the unique negative regulator of the Pol III apparatus in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Sc), is conserved through evolution. The family of eukaryotic Maf1 share highly conserved amino acid sequence with two easily recognizable regions called A and BC domains. The work performed during this PhD thesis concerns the role of these evolutionary conserved domains in the activity of ScMaf1. I have constructed a Iibrary of Maf1, identified and localized the mutations of corresponding Maf1 proteins and studied the phenotype. Using yeast two-hybrid system, I have found the A and BC domains interact physically and defined the minimal 34 aa fragment of the A domain involved in this interaction. Using genetic screen for internal suppressor mutations, I have identified that mutations localized in BC domain (D250E, V260D-N344I) recovered the activity of Maf1 mutated in A domain (K35E), as deduced from no defected growth, efficient Pol III repression, phosphorylation and cellular localization of identified suppressors. The identified K35E mutation disrupted physical interaction between Maf1 domains unless the presence of additional D250E or V260D-N344I suppressor mutations occurred. The Take Home message from the results obtained during my PhD thesis is that: "Full repression of Pol III requires the physical interaction between Maf1 domains"
Thomen, Philippe. "Transcription par une ARN Polymerase : mesures de forces à l'échelle de la molécule unique". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011391.
Testo completoNous avons également mené un autre type d'expérience en mesurant la force lors de l'ouverture mécanique de la double hélice d'ADN, qui a permis de déterminer la friction exercée sur l'ADN en rotation.
La configuration d'ouverture de l'ADN a été également utilisée pour étudier l'interaction d'une protéine, EcoR V avec l'ADN. L'analyse des résultats a mis en évidence une grande variabilité dans l'énergie de dissociation, liée à des différences d'affinités entre les sites de reconnaissance spécifiques de l'enzyme.
SCHYNS, GHISLAIN. "Reconnaissance specifique de promoteurs chez la cyanobacterie calothrix pcc 7601 : arn polymerase et effecteurs". Paris 7, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA077254.
Testo completoMercoyrol, de Beaulieu Laure de. "ARN polymerase II de germe de blé : étude des propriétés catalytiques fondamentales de l'enzyme". Aix-Marseille 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX22020.
Testo completoDietrich, Jacques. "ARN polymerase 2 de germe de blé : conditions de la synthèse abortive et productive d'ARN". Aix-Marseille 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX22009.
Testo completoCerutti, Elena. "Nucleotide Excision Repair at the crossroad with transcription". Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1057.
Testo completoThe integrity of DNA is continuously challenged by a variety of endogenous and exogenous agents (e.g. ultraviolet light, cigarette smoke, environmental pollution, oxidative damage, etc.) that cause DNA lesions which interfere with proper cellular functions. Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER) mechanism removes helix-distorting DNA adducts such as UV-induced lesions and it exists in two distinct sub-pathways depending where DNA lesions are located within the genome. One of these sub pathways is directly linked to the DNA transcription by RNA Polymerase 2 (TCR). In the first part of this work, we demonstrated that a fully proficient NER mechanism is also necessary for repair of ribosomal DNA, transcribed by RNA polymerase 1 and accounting for the 60 % of the total cellular transcription. Furthermore, we identified and clarified the mechanism of two proteins responsible for the UV-dependent nucleolar repositioning of RNAP1 and rDNA observed during repair. In the second part of this work, we studied the molecular function of the XAB2 protein during NER repair and we demonstrated its involvement in the TCR process. In addition, we also shown the presence of XAB2 in a pre-mRNA splicing complex. Finally, we described the impact of XAB2 on RNAP2 mobility during the first steps of TCR repair, thus suggesting a role of XAB2 in the lesion recognition process
Mollet, Christophe. "Utilisation du gene rpob pour la phylogenie et l'identification des bacteries". Aix-Marseille 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX20666.
Testo completoBligny, Muriel. "Caractérisation d'une ARN polymérase d'origine nuléaire (NEP) dans les plastes d'épinard". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10055.
Testo completoBretting, Wiebke. "Study of RPC32α, subunit of the RNA polymerase III, in a tumor model". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0822/document.
Testo completoThe RNA polymerases are key players of transcription. Eukaryotes have three RNA polymerases (I, II and III). The RNA polymerase III (Pol III) has 17 subunits, one of which exists in two alternative forms: RPC32α and RPC32β. Only one of the two forms can be integrated into the enzymes, thus generating either Pol IIIα or Pol IIIβ. While RPC32β is found in all somatic cells, RPC32α is expressed in stem cells and tumor cells. To date nothing is known of their respective roles. Breast cancer is one of the major public health problems, as it is the most common cancer in women. Several types of breast cancers are distinguished, according to the presence or absence of hormonal receptors. Cancers that test negative for estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors and that do not overexpress the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, are called triple-negative breast cancers. They tend to have a poor prognosis, due to the aggressive nature of the cancer and the lack of targeted therapies. To study the role of RPC32α, a tumor model needed to be identified. In collaboration with Jean-Paul Feugeas (INSERM UMR 1098) a transcriptomic study was performed on 2627 clinical breast tissue samples. The study showed that RPC32α was overexpressed in triplenegative breast cancer, whereas RPC32β was overexpressed in normal tissue. A study on six breast cancer cell lines and one non-tumorigenic line confirmed the results of the transcriptomic study. The breast cancer model was thus validated. A characterization of different breast cancer cell lines showed that other Pol III subunits were not overexpressed in triple-negative breast cancer. The overexpression of RPC32α was therefore not a mere consequence of a Pol III hyperactivity. An analysis of the transcripts synthesized by Pol III showed that overall the Pol III transcript levels were elevated in triplenegative breast cancer compared to other breast cancer subtypes. In order to study the role of RPC32α in tumorigenesis, several RPC32α knock-out cell lines were created using CRISPR-Cas9. The loss of RPC32α did not induce an increase in transcription of the RNAs of RPC32α or RPC32β. This shows that no feed-back loop exists for RPC32α and that the two homologues are not co-regulated. Various Pol III transcripts showed decreased expression levels in the knock-out cell lines. Yet not all transcripts were reduced in the absence of RPC32α. This indicates that some sort of transcription specificity must exist for Pol IIIα and Pol IIIβ. The knock-out cell lines did not show any alterations in their phenotype or growth rates. However, in soft agar assays the knock-out cell lines produced 85% less colonies than the mother cell line. This proves that RPC32α is necessary for tumorigenic growth in vitro. To find out if RPC32α was also necessary for tumorigenic growth in vivo, knock-out and wild type cells were injected into mice. The mice grafted with knock-out cells showed a slowed onset of tumor growth. After six weeks, the mice injected with knock-out cells had tumors half the size of the mice injected with wild type cells. The primary tumor was ablated and mice were tracked for metastasis. Four weeks later, mice injected with RPC32α knock-out cells had 100 times less metastasis than the control group. These results show that RPC32α is necessary for tumorigenic growth in vitro and in vivo. The protein seems also to be implicated in the formation of metastasis, which are one of the greatest problems in cancer treatment today
Arnaud-Barbe, Nadège. "Définition d'un système d'expression et de purification d'ARN polymérases recombinantes du bactériophage T7 : étude de la transcription de matrices ADN et ARN par ces polymérases". Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO1T071.
Testo completoCHYPRE, CAMILLE. "Poly (adp-ribose) polymerase cytoplasmique associee a des particules ribonucleo-proteiques libres contenant des arn messagers reprimes". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989STR13081.
Testo completoBednarska, Aleksandra. "Artificial systems for in vitro gene expression". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLN016/document.
Testo completoDNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RNAP) is an enzyme responsible for the polymerization of ribonucleotides into an RNA sequence complementary to the template DNA. RNAP family has several members being single subunit (e.g. T7 bacteriophage) or multi subunit (bacterial and eukaryote) proteins. RNA transcription – a crucial event in gene expression – differs depending on the RNAP origin. Although the transcription process is relatively well characterized, many elements remain poorly understood, especially with respect to the dynamics of promoter recognition, escape and elongation in a cell like context where molecular density, concentrations and nearest neighbour effects are prevalent.The goal of this thesis was to develop a robust method that would allow real time monitoring of RNAP reaction in vitro in thoroughly controlled conditions. A major axis was to develop a surface-based biosensor that would allow the characterization of the main steps of the transcription reaction. Consequently, interactions between DNA molecules immobilized on a sensor surface and free RNAP delivered through a microfluidic flow system to the surface were examined. Changes in refractive index, correlated with changes in mass at a surface were followed using surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi). SPRi is a sensitive technique dedicated to analysis of interactions between two ligands in real time. The mechanism bases on the detection of slight differences in the reflectivity of polarized light at a fixed angle that are associated with a mass variation at the interface. Data obtained from SPRi are used to determine the kinetics of the interactions. Microarray geometry of SPRi allows monitoring several samples simultaneously that significantly shortens manipulation time and improves a quality and reproducibility of obtained results. Other label-free optofluidic biosensors: microring resonator and total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy were developed in parallel.We firstly biofunctionalized and characterized sensor surfaces (polymer coated glass for microring resonator and TIRF microscopy and 50-nm thin layer gold coatings on glass prisms for SPRi) in order to immobilize DNA strands in a controlled manner, using a self-assembled monolayer (SAM). Functionalization of photoresist polymer SU-8 concerned two methods: covalent (bio)molecule grafting and non-covalent conjugation based on hydrophobic coupling. Regarding gold surface functionalization, four different strategies of antifouling (bio)molecule immobilization were compared: thiol – gold bond formation, amide bond formation, extrAvidin – biotin interactions and hydrophobic coupling. Studies of DNA conjugation to the functionalized gold surface were performed with respect to specificity and density of immobilized DNA molecules of different lengths: 50, 500 and 1000 bp.Finally, biofunctionalized surfaces were used for real time monitoring of transcription reactions using two RNAPs: monomeric bacteriophage T7 RNAP and the holoenzyme of Escherichia coli RNAP. Kinetic analyses of nucleoprotein complex formation and RNA transcription were performed as a function of immobilized DNA density, the length of the immobilized DNA, the position of the specific promoter sequence with respect to the point of immobilization and the direction of subsequent transcription. RNA transcription in the SPRi apparatus was confirmed by collection, detection and analysis of relevant products.The future development of biosensors dedicated to in vitro gene expression will include the adaptation of the methods presented above to other optofluidic systems and further development of the technique. The final goal comprises a controlled RNA synthesis that would be an intermediate step to investigate real time in vitro protein production
Nowacki, Mariusz. "Developmental genome rearrangements in Paramecium tetraurelia : novel proteins and short RNAs involved in trans-nuclear, homology-dependent crosstalk". Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066233.
Testo completoSun, Zhong-Ping. "Etude d'un modèle d'expression des lipoxygénases de lignées cellulaires utilisées pour la détection des virus". Limoges, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LIMO304D.
Testo completoFidalgo, Baptista Tiago. "Functional study of the coactivator SAGA : role in RNA Polymerase II transcription". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAJ067/document.
Testo completoPrior studies suggested that SAGA and TFIID are alternative factors that promote RNA polymerase II (RNA Pol II) transcription with about 10% of genes in S. cerevisiae dependent on SAGA. The remainder 90% of the genome would be regulated by TFIID. We reassessed the role of SAGA by mapping its genome-wide location and role in global transcription in budding yeast. We observed that SAGA maps to regulatory elements of most genes, irrespective of previous designations of SAGA- or TFIID-dominated genes. Additionally, disruption of either SAGA or TFIID through mutation or rapid subunit depletion reduces transcription from nearly all genes, measured by newly-synthesized RNA or RNA Pol II chromatin immunoprecipitation. We also found that the acetyltransferase Gcn5 synergizes with Spt3 to promote global transcription and that Spt3 functions to stimulate TBP recruitment at all tested genes. Our data demonstrate that both SAGA and TFIID act as general cofactors required for essentially all RNA Pol II transcription and is not consistent with the previous classification of SAGA- and TFIID-dominated genes
Harismendy, Olivier. "Etude de la régulation de la transcription par l'ARN polymérase III chez Saccharomyces cerevisiae : approches par puces à ADN". Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA077094.
Testo completoKandan-Kulangara, Febitha. "Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) and RNA interference (RNAI) during cell death". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25972.
Testo completoQuintin, Justine. "Organisation de la chromatine et signalisation par les oestrogènes". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REN1S074/document.
Testo completoA given cell has to be able to adapt its fate and homeostasis in response to endogenous and exogenous signals. This adaptation occurs through finely tuned regulations of genes' expressions leading to the variation of their transcriptomes. Multiple parameters have to be integrated in order to provide such mechanisms of regulation. First, the primary sequence of the genome and its organization into chromatin are major regulatory components that harbor genetic, structural and epigenetic information. Second, the three-dimensional organization of the genome into the nucleus brings both physical and functional constraints that also contribute towards these regulatory processes. Here, we engaged a work aiming to understand and dissect how these several levels of information are integrated during the transcriptional regulation of colinear genes (cluster of genes) by the same signal. We took as a model the coordinated regulation of the estrogen-sensitive TFF cluster driven by the estrogen receptor (ER) and its pioneering factors (FOXA1, FOXA2 and GATAs) in mammary cancer cells. This cluster is located within the long arm of the chromosome 21, and contains the gene model termed TFF1. We used large-scale methods (ChIP-chip, ChIP-seq, 4C and microarray transcriptomic analyses) to decipher these dynamic mechanisms
Tavenet, Arounie. "Caractérisation de la régulation de la transcription par l'ARN polymérase III chez Saccharomyces cerevisiae". Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA112227/document.
Testo completoRNA polymerase III synthetizes many small untranslated RNA, including tRNA and 5S rRNA which are essential to cell growth. In this work, we took an interest in RNA polymerase III transcription regulation in the baker’s yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We have detected Sub1 on all class III genes in vivo. We also observed that Sub1 is able to stimulate RNA polymerase III transcription which has been reconstituted in vitro with TFIIIB et TFIIIC recombinants factors and purified RNA polymerase III. Sub1 stimulates two steps of RNA polymerase III transcription : initiation and facilitated reinitiation. Supplementary experiments established that Sub1 directly interacts with TFIIIB and TFIIIC transcription factors. Finally, we showed that Sub1 deletion in yeast leads to a decrease in RNA polymerase III transcription during exponential phase. Then, we tried to determine which link could exist between Sub1, the activator, and Maf1, the repressor of RNA polymerase III transcription. Furthermore, we attempted to identify other elements which could interact with Sub1 during transcription regulation
Richard, Patricia. "Dynamique intranucléaire et biogenèse des ARNs H/ACA". Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30081.
Testo completoH/ACA RNAs are small nuclear RNAs that have many different functions in the cell. They are guide RNAs for the conversion of the uridine into pseudouridine of ribosomal RNAs and spliceosomal snRNAs. We showed that box H/ACA RNAs directing modifications of spliceosomal snRNAs carry a special signal that direct these box H/ACA RNAs into Cajal bodies. This signal is also present in the telomerase RNA that accumulates in Cajal bodies. With fluorescent microscopy, we were able to propose that Cajal bodies may deliver telomerase RNA at a subset of telomeres in S phase cells. Finally, our work on the expression and processing of box H/ACA RNAs revealed that splicing and assembly of box H/ACA RNP particles are two independent molecular events in human cells
Marques, Candeias Marco. "RNA-Dependent regulation of p53". Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA077077.
Testo completoP53 controls the growth and survival of cells by acting in response to a multitude of cellular stresses. Activation of p53 results in changes in the expression of a large number of gene products. Its focal regulator is the E3 ubiquitin-ligase Mdm2, which binds and targets p53 for proteasomal degradation. However, it is not yet fully understood how p53 can distinguish the different stress stimuli and induce alternative pathways leading to either cell-cycle arrest, apoptosis or premature ageing. Fahraeus' group and others have described an N-terminally truncated p53 protein (p53/47) originating from a second translation initiation site in the p53 messenger RNA (mRNA) which does not directly interact with Mdm2 and imposes altered stability and transactivation properties to p53 tetramers. Results presented in this thesis show that the p53 mRNA helps in the regulation of the p53 activity by using three different mechanisms to control the expression of the full-length p53 protein (FLp53), p53/47 and Mdm2. Changes in synthesis of FLp53 or p53/47 are regulated by distinct cell stress-induced pathways acting through separate regions of the p53 mRNA and through both cap-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Furthermore, the p53 mRNA region coding for the Mdm2-binding domain interacts with the RING domain of Mdm2 and this results in the impairment of Mdm2's E3 ligase action and supports p53 mRNA translation and activation resulting in high levels of both p53 and Mdm2. P53 mRNAs with silent mutations in this region were found in cancers and are shown to have less aptitude to bind Mdm2 and express a smaller amount of active p53 protein. It is also reported that expression of p53/47 diversifies p53 activity in a stress-dependent fashion. Altogether, the presented data indicate that by regulating alternative mechanisms of translation and by binding to Mdm2, the p53 mRNA gives rise to different levels of the p53 isoforms which help to orchestrate the cell biological outcome of p53 activation in response to different types of cell stress
Van, Den Beek Marius. "Piwi-dependent transcriptional silencing and Dicer-2-dependent post-transcriptional silencing limit transposon expression in adult heads of Drosophila Melanogaster". Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066153/document.
Testo completoTransposable elements are major components of eukaryotic genomes and have been proposed as important drivers of gene network evolution, as they can move or “transpose” in their host genome, creating gene duplications, gene inactivations or altogether altering gene function. Nevertheless, uncontrolled high-rate transposition leads to DNA damage and genomic instabilities, and therefore needs to be kept at a low level. In the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster, transposition is counteracted by multiple mechanisms, amongst which the generation of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs). siRNAs and piRNAs belong to the category of small RNAs, and these are involved in negative regulation of complementary target RNAs abundance, but siRNAs and piRNAs have distinct mechanisms of biogenesis, target recognition and mechanisms of target regulation. Notably, piRNAs are only abundant in gonads and are transmitted to the embryo. By sequencing small RNAs and normal transcripts in adult heads, I conclude that, while piRNAs are likely absent in adult heads, they induce a repressive state on TEs. If this repressive state is lost, the siRNA pathway can compensate and limit Transposable element levels. If siRNAs are lost, the repressive state induced by piRNAs suffices to limit Transposable element levels. If both piRNAs and siRNAs are lost, the expression level of Transposable elements increases, and flies have a shorter life span. The requirement to analyse large-scale sequencing data led to the development of multiple tools for the reproducible research platform Galaxy
Daniel, Laurianne. "Human Ribosomal DNA and RNA Polymerase I Fate during UV-induced DNA Repair". Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1093/document.
Testo completoNucleotide excision repair (NER) guarantees genome integrity and proper cellular functions against UV-induced DNA damage. After UV irradiation, one of the first burden cells have to cope with is a general transcriptional block caused by the stalling of RNA polymerase II (RNAP2) onto distorting UV lesions. To insure UV lesions repair specifically on transcribed genes, NER is coupled with transcription in an extremely organized pathway known as Transcription-Coupled Repair (TCR). Most of the knowledge about TCR has been gathered from RNAP2 transcription. However, in highly metabolic cells, more than 60% of total cellular transcription results from ribosomal DNA (rDNA) transcription, by the RNA polymerase I (RNAP1), which takes place in the nucleolus. Many nuclear proteins are excluded from the nucleolus and because of this some nucleolar processes cannot occur inside this structure. In order to be replicated and repaired rDNAs need to be displaced at the nucleolar periphery. Despite the importance of RNAP1 transcription, repair of the mammalian transcribed rDNA has been scarcely studied. Moreover, to the best of our knowledge no molecular mechanism has been proposed for rDNA displacement. Our study clearly demonstrated that the full TCR machinery is needed to repair UV-damaged rDNA and restart RNAP1 transcription. Our results show that UV lesions block RNAP1 transcription and that RNAP1 is firmly stalled onto rDNAs without being degraded. Our study also describes the displacement of the RNAP1/rDNA complex to the nucleolar periphery after UV irradiation and identifies both nuclear ß-actin and nuclear myosin I as factors required for this displacement
Thomassin, Hélène. "Poly-adp-ribosylation cytoplasmique : etude dans les particules ribonucleoproteiques libres contenant des arn messagers reprimes". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR13022.
Testo completoDarrière, Tommy. "Etude de l'ARN polymérase I et du rôle de ses sous-unités spécifiques chez la levure Saccharomyces cerevisiae". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30293/document.
Testo completoIn eukaryotes cells, there are 3 nuclear RNA Polymerases (Pol I, II and III), each having a particular RNA synthesis function. The RNA Polymerase I (Pol I) produces a single transcript: the precursor of the large ribosomal RNA (rRNA), which correspond to a massive transcription activity in the cell. Structural data of this 14-subunits enzyme is now available. This allows a better understanding of its operating mode, and confirmed that the Pol I has 3 specific subunits, also called "Built-in transcription factors", capable of regulatory activities. Two of them, Rpa49/Rpa34, are forming a heterodimer structurally related to the Pol II transcription factors TFIIF and TFIIE, implicated in both initiation and elongation of the transcription. The last one, Rpa12, is known to have a role in Pol I stability and the cleavage activity of the paused Pol I (via its C-terminus part), like its homologous TFIIS in the Pol II. We performed extensive genetic studies of Pol I mutants lacking one of these subunits: Rpa49 (rpa49Δ). This depletion is viable, but results in initiation and elongation problems. Here, we report the cloning and characterization of extragenic suppressors mapping point mutations in three subunits of Pol I restoring efficient Pol I activities in absence of Rpa49. All suppressor mutations identified were structurally mapped firstly in the two largest subunits Rpa190 and Rpa135 very closed to Rpa12, and then in Rpa12 itself, indicating a possible interplay between the Rpa49 and Rpa12 subunits, and the area around. Notably, a RNA pol I specific element in Rpa190, called "DNA Mimicking Loop", is structurally very closed to the region in which we find all of our suppressor mutations. The genetic, structural but also biochemical and functional characterizations of these suppressors allow us to propose roles of these Rpa49 and Rpa12 subunits, but also of the small area of Rpa190, which has never been highlighted before
Gilbert, Nathalie. "Etude tridimensionnelle en microscopie confocale des proteines agnors, de l'arn polymerase i, du ki67 et de l'adn durant l'interphase et la mitose de cellules cancereuses humaines". Reims, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993REIMM205.
Testo completoBressanelli, Stéphane. "Etude structurale de la polymérase du virus de l'hépatite C : détermination par radiocristallographie de sa structure tridimensionnelle et identification de sites d'interactions catalytiques et régulateurs avec des nucléotides". Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112012.
Testo completoHepatitis C virus (HCV) is major public health problem. More than 170 million people worldwide are chronically infected by this enveloped RNA virus classified as a separate genus in the Flaviviridae family. Continued replication of HCV after first infection is the rule and leads to grave liver disease over time. Thus, given the prevalence of HCV today, we can expect considerable HCV-related mortality and morbidity in the years to come. There are no effective drugs against HCV available today and the development of such drugs is ultimate goal of all studies on this as yet poorly understood virus. The present work focuses on a key enzyme in HCV replication : The virally-encoded polymerase. The structural results obtained may be seen as the first steps in the rational design of specific anti-HCV compounds that may exhibit both efficient inhibition of HCV genome replication and low toxicity to the patient. The main results of this work are the determination of crystal structure of the HCV polymerase. .
Reguillon, Isabelle. "Les mécanismes de la transcription chez les eucaryotes". Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR2P049.
Testo completoPham, Van Hau. "Novel inhibitors of the tRNA-dependent amidotransferase of "Helicobacter pylori" : Peptides generated by phage display and dipeptide-like compounds". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27079.
Testo completoThis thesis describes the discovery of inhibitors of a tRNA-dependent amidotransferase (AdT) and summarizes the present state of our knowledge about the two-step biosynthesis of Gln-tRNAGln and Asn-tRNAAsn in Helicobacter pylori. In eukaryotic cytoplasm, twenty amino acids (aa) are generally attached to their cognate tRNAs by twenty corresponding aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs). These enzymes have a high specificity, and their function is important to the proper decoding of mRNA. However, in a number of bacteria including H. pylori, GlnRS and/or AsnRS are absent. To synthesize Gln-tRNAGln, H. pylori first uses a noncanonical GluRS2 which is specific for tRNAGln to form Glu-tRNAGln; then the trimeric AdT (GatCAB) transforms Glu-tRNAGln into Gln-tRNAGln which is proper for protein biosynthesis. In a similar manner, the biosynthesis of Asn-tRNAAsn also takes place in H. pylori by using the same GatCAB and a canonical nondiscriminating AspRS. The widespread use of these indirect pathways among prominent human pathogens, and their absence in the mammalian cytoplasm, identify AdT as a promising target for the development of new and highly specific antimicrobial agents. By using phage display, we discovered several cyclic peptides rich in tryptophan and proline that inhibit H. pylori GatCAB. Peptides P10 (CMPVWKPDC) and P9 (CSAHNWPNC) are competitive inhibitors of GatCAB with respect to its substrate Glu-tRNAGln. The inhibition constants (Ki) of P10 and P9 are 126 and 392 μM, respectively. Their docking models revealed that they bind to the transamidation active site of GatB via π-π stacking interactions with Tyr81, as does the 3’-terminal A76 of tRNA. We also discovered two small dipeptide-like sulfone-containing inhibitors of H. pylori GatCAB by mimicking the intermediate of its transamidation reaction. Although they are much smaller than the cyclic peptides mentioned above, they are competitive inhibitors of GatCAB with respect to GlutRNAGln, with Ki values of 139 μM for compound 7 and 214 μM for compound 4. These inhibitors could be useful not only to study the reaction mechanisms of GatCAB, but also could be lead compounds for the development of a new class of antibiotics to treat infections caused by H. pylori.
Palancade, Benoît. "Propriétés de l'ARN polymérase II et de sa phosphatase FCP1 dans l'embryon précoce de Xénope". Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066284.
Testo completoEl, Ayoubi Leyla. "Etude fonctionnelle des sous-unités hRPC62 et hRPC39 de l’ARN Polymérase III humaine". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0007.
Testo completoIn eukaryotes, nuclear transcription is carried out by DNA dependent RNA polymerases (Pol) I, II and III. Pol I transcribes ribosomal RNA’s, Pol II produces essentially messenger and micro RNA’s whereas Pol III transcribes small untranslated RNA’s involved in a variety of cellular processes such as translation, splicing or the regulation of transcription. Human Pol III is a multi-subunit enzyme composed of 17 subunits. The majority of these subunits are homologous or closely related to Pol II and/or Pol I subunits. However, five subunits are specific to Pol III with no counterparts in Pol I or Pol II. One of the Pol III specific subunits, hRPC32 has two paralogues, α and β, expressed from two different genes. hRPC32β is expressed ubiquitously while hRPC32α expression is specific to transformed or non-differentiated cells. Within the Pol III enzyme, hRPC32α or β associate with two other Pol III specific subunits, hRPC62 and hRPC39, to form stable ternary sub-complexes thought to be implicated in transcription initiation. The purpose of this work was to clarify the functional mechanism of hRPC32α/β-hRPC62-hRPC39 sub-complexes. In this study, we first mapped the protein-protein interaction of hRPC62 with hRPC32α and hRPC32β. Second, we performed a biochemical study of hRPC62 and hRPC39 enzymatic activities. This analysis showed that hRPC62 has functional homologies with TFIIEα, a Pol II transcription factor recently described as a structural homolog of hRPC62. These results support the model that certain RNA polymerase subunits can be considered as transcription factors that have been stably recruited to the enzyme
Vosnakis, Nikolaos. "Investigating the role of human HAT (histone acetyltransferase) containing complexes, ATAC and SAGA, in living cells". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAJ119/document.
Testo completoHuman SAGA and ATAC, are histone acetyltransferase (HAT) containing complexes that share a set of subunits and facilitate RNA polymerase II (Pol II) transcription. Little is known for the dynamics of the complexes in living cells and the regulation of their assembly. In this work, we used live-cell imaging to characterise the mobility of the two complexes and compare it with other actors of Pol II transcription. All tested ATAC and SAGA subunits exhibit very transient interactions with chromatin, a property that explains certain aspects of the function of the complexes. Moreover, we showed that overexpressed ATAC- and SAGA-specific HAT-module subunits (ADA2a and ADA2b respectively) have different intracellular dynamics and that the abundance of the shared subunit GCN5, affects the distribution of ADA2a. Quantitative proteomic analysis expanded our findings on endogenous proteins and provided evidence that the cytoplasmic and nuclear assembly pathways of SAGA and ATAC are different
Hemmery, Hélène. "Étude de la synthèse totale de la ripostatine A". Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112336/document.
Testo completoThis thesis is dedicated to the study of the total synthesis of ripostatin A, an antibiotic which inhibits eubacterial RNA polymerase, isolated in 1995 from the myxobacteria Sorangium cellulosum. Ripostatin A is characterized by a 14 membered lactone and a 6 membered lactol, it contains three double bonds and three stereogenic centers. The two synthetic routes envisaged for ripostatin A included as key steps a nitrile oxide 1,3 dipolar cycloaddition and a macrolactonisation. Stereocontroled accesses to two important precursors containing a 1,4-diene moiety were developed, using in particular an alkyne carboalumination. Advanced precursors, β-hydroxyketones, were obtained from these 1,4 dienes. A Stille coupling between a synthesized stannane and an halide derived from one of the β-hydroxyketones, remains to be realized in order to assemble the skeleton of ripostatin A
Sifer, Christophe. "Mise au point d'un système de RT-PCR pour la mise en évidence d'un ARN messager tardif du sixième herpesvirus humain". Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05P189.
Testo completoGerlach, Piotr. "La structure et la fonction de la polymérase d'orthobunyavirus La Crosse". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAV013/document.
Testo completoViruses are not more than particles composed of lipids and/or proteins with genetic information – the viral RNA or DNA genome – embedded inside. In order to be efficient, once they enter the host cell they need to multiply this genetic information, package it into new viral particles and spread out from the cell. While in order to produce viral proteins viruses highjack cellular machinery, for replicating their genome most viruses use their own, specialized polymerases.Bunyaviridae is the largest viral family of segmented negative-strand RNA viruses, comprising also Arenaviridae and Orthomyxoviridae families. Some bunyaviruses are causative agents of severe human diseases including heamorrhagic fevers, encephalitis and meningitis. Others infect a variety of plants and animals posing a significant economic threat to the crop cultivation and cattle breeding.RNA-dependent RNA polymerases of segmented negative-strand RNA viruses are multifunctional machines, able to perform both de novo genome replication via positive-strand cRNA intermediate, and viral mRNA transcription using cap-snatched host-derived mRNA primer. Viral RNA genome of bunyaviruses, arenaviruses, and orthomyxoviruses is divided into three, two, and eight segments respectively. Each segment, coated by nucleoproteins and attached through its conserved 3′ and 5′ ends to the polymerase, constitutes an individual ribonucleoprotein particle – an autonomous RNA synthesis unit.The scope of the PhD project described in this thesis was the structural and functional characterization of the La Crosse orthobunyavirus polymerase, also named the L protein. It was based on the hypothesis that all polymerases of segmented negative-strand RNA viruses share a similar domain organization and mode of action. During the 1st year attempts were made to confirm and characterize a putative C-terminal cap-binding domain. During the 2nd year project was extended to study 3′ and 5′ vRNA ends interactions with the full length and C-terminus truncated L protein. Facing difficulties to establish replication and transcription assays in vitro, vRNA binding studies and co-crystallizastion were continued during the 3rd year. This finally led to the main achievement of the thesis – the x-ray structure of La Crosse orthobunyavirus polymerase in complex with vRNA. Obtained structure is a breakthrough in the bunyavirus field. It reveals – unlike it was initially believed – conserved, sequence specific and separate binding sites for 3′ and 5′ vRNA ends located within the polymerase. The 5′ vRNA end binding allosterically structures one of the conserved catalytic motifs within the polymerase active site. The structure sheds also some new light on bunyaviral replication and transcription mechanisms. There exist two distinct product and template exit channels, suggesting that the nascent RNA strand is separated from the template and leaves the polymerase as the single-strand RNA. Close proximity of the template entry and exit channels explains how the polymerase can translocate along the genomic template with minimal disruption of the RNP.In parallel to the La Crosse polymerase structure, structures of Influenza A and B heterotrimeric polymerases in complex with vRNA were also obtained in Stephen Cusack group. This gave a great opportunity to compare the domain organization and the nature of vRNA binding by viral polymerases belonging to Bunyaviriadae and Orthomyxoviridae families, and proved that despite minimal sequence homology the structural similarities are striking. This strongly suggests an evolutionary common ancestor, which can possibly be shared with non-segmented negative-strand RNA viruses as well
Winsor, Barbara. "Caracterisation de mutants de saccharomyces cerevisiae affectes dans la biosynthese des arn messagers rpobl, isel, rnal4, rnal5". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR13216.
Testo completoSaad, Nizar. "Identification and analysis of a T-Box regulatory element controlling the expression of the enzymes involved in the tRNA-dependent synthesis of asparagine in Clostridium acetobutylicum". Strasbourg, 2011. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2011/SAAD_Nizar_2011.pdf.
Testo completoThe T-box control system is a very common mechanism that Gram+ bacteria use to regulate the transcription of a variety of genes, like those involved in tRNA aminoacylation, in response to amino acid starvation. This regulation system is based on the stabilization of an antiterminator structure by the interaction with a cognate uncharged tRNA. Analysis of Gram+ Clostridium acetobutylicum (Cac) genome revealed an aberrant redundancy for the genes putatively involved in asparagine (Asn) and AsntRNAAsn synthesis. Through our investigations using various approaches, we showed that Cac only uses the indirect pathway to form Asn and Asn-tRNAAsn. We demonstrated that an entire transamidation pathway is organized as an operon under the control of a tRNAAsn-dependent T-Box riboswitch. One of our important findings gave some explanation to the function of this gene redundancy, which might be interconnected to control tRNA-dependent Asn synthesis, which might in turn be involved in controlling Cac metabolic switch from acid to solvent production. Moreover, we gave new exciting explanations on how the T-Box recognizes its cognate tRNA. Our work brought some evidences that a T-Box can use more than one codon to control gene expression and that; therefore, they have more than one tRNA ligand. Finally, we demonstrated that one antitermination event can be reprogrammed through a synchronization mediated by a protein effector, and guided by another T-Box. Thanks to this process, a T-Box would be able to adequately respond to the level of two metabolically related amino acids. This finding paves the way for a better understanding of the antitermination mechanism in Gram+ bacteria
Levivier, Emilie. "Exploration des similitudes de séquences protéiques à haut niveau de divergence évolutive : perspectives de l'approche Hydrophobic Cluster Analysis (HCA)". Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA077069.
Testo completoIzard, Jerome. "Contrôle de la croissance et régulation génique chez Escherichia coli". Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENV061/document.
Testo completoBacteria can adapt to many different environmental conditions. This capacity of adaptationis conferred to the organism by a complex regulatory network, composed of specificregulators and the global gene expression machinery. We have studied the expression dynamicsof Crl, a global regulator of Escherichia coli, and observed a peak of transcriptionduring the exponential phase of growth. In order to identify potential regulators of crlexpression, we have measured the expression profile of crl in about one hundred differentmutant strains. This screen has revealed that CRP-cAMP represses indirectly the transcriptionof crl and the nucleoprotein Fis activates transcription of the crl promoter bybinding to the crl promoter region. We noted that the expression of most global regulatorsof E. coli have an expression profile similar to the one of Crl. We have thereforestudied the relationship between global gene expression machinery and cellular growth.We constructed a bacterium where the transcription of the two large subunits of RNApolymerase, _ et _’, is under external control. A small concentration of RNA polymeraseleads to a small growth rate of this engineered bacterium and the cells start to filament,whereas a high concentration of RNA polymerase produces phenotypically wild-type cells.We have characterized the control of growth rate by our system at the population level andin single cells. An analysis of the global transcription pattern of this strain by RNA-seqshows that the transcription of genes in all functional classes, with the possible exceptionof genes coding for ribosomal proteins, are almost equally affected by the modificationsof the intracellular concentration of RNA polymerase
Sourimant, Julien. "Caractérisation structurale et fonctionnelle de la polymérase du virus respiratoire syncytial". Thesis, Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015VERS019V.
Testo completoRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of calves bronchopneumonia andinfants bronchiolitis. Neither vaccine nor antiviral treatments are currently available for use inhumans. Viral genome is replicated and transcribed by a set of viral proteins constituting theviral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) complex: the nucleoprotein (N), thephosphoprotein (P), the transcription factor (M2-1) and the large subunit (L). This workaimed to unveil new structural and functional data regarding the viral RdRp, especially the PLcouple. With this aim in view, I have first conceived a protocol to produce and purifyrecombinant L and P proteins expressed in insect cells. This tool enabled the fine mappingand characterization of the L binding domain of the RSV phosphoprotein. This highlightedthe interaction between the L protein and the C-terminal region of the P protein, especiallyresidues 216 to 239. Further data suggests that this area constitutes an alpha helix formingmolecular recognition element (« MoRE ») during P-L interaction. Furthermore, this studyunveiled a new region of the P protein encompassing residues 164 to 205, involved in therecruitment of L protein to viral inclusion bodies. These new results open the way toupcoming structural studies of RSV RdRp and allow us to define a new target for thedevelopment of antiviral drugs against RSV
Eychenne, Thomas. "Étude intégrative du rôle de deux sous unités essentielles du Médiateur de la transcription dans la mise en place des complexes de pré-initiation". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS266/document.
Testo completoTranscription is the first step of gene expression. In eukaryotes, messenger RNA (mRNA) transcription is a highly regulated process. Transcription begins with the binding of a specific transcription factor on a DNA regulatory sequence. This enable the recruitment of co-activators, followed by general transcription factors (GTFs) and RNA polymerase II (Pol II) to form preinitiation complex (PIC). Mediator is a co-activator complex which is essential in this process. In yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Mediator is composed of 25 subunits, among which 10 are essential for cell viability, organized into four distinct modules. The main role of this complex is to transmit regulatory signal to PIC components. Although Mediator has been the subject of a large numbers of studies, its complexity prevents the detailed understanding of how it acts in vivo. During my PhD, I focused my work on the study of the two essential subunits Med7 and Med10. Both of these subunits belong to the middle module, poorly studied so far. We obtained a collection of temperature-sensitive mutants of Med7 and Med10 in yeast S. cerevisiae. We used different molecular biology and functional genomics to characterize these mutants. The work on Med10 subunit enabled us to highlight in vivo a functional link between Mediator and TFIIB, one of the GTFs. Notably, we have shown a new contact between Med14 subunit and TFIIB. Our ChIP-seq analysis shows that Mediator middle module, and in particular Med10 subunits, is crucial for PIC assembly genome-wide. These data also permit us to show that Mediator influence PIC formation in relation to promoter architecture. Taken together, these results indicates that Mediator in crucial to orchestrate the incorporation of the different proteins into the PIC. This work permit us to improve our understanding of how functional interplay between Mediator, TFIIB, other GTFs, and the promoter architecture leads to gene-specific transcription