Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Arid regions animals"
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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Arid regions animals"
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Leite, Jacinara Hody Gurgel Morais, Débora Andréa Evangelista Façanha, Juan Vicente Delgado Bermejo, Magda Maria Guilhermino e Luis Alberto Bermejo. "Adaptive assessment of small ruminants in arid and semi-arid regions". Small Ruminant Research 203 (ottobre 2021): 106497. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2021.106497.
Testo completo
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Gorlov, I. F., G. V. Fedotova, M. I. Slozhenkina, N. I. Mosolova, Ya I. Gishlarkaev, T. A. Magomadov, Yu A. Yuldashbaev e D. A. Mosolova. "Adaptation features of sheep of the Edilbaev breed reared in the agroecological conditions of the arid zones of Southern Russia". South of Russia: ecology, development 14, n. 3 (10 ottobre 2019): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2019-3-71-81.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Aim. The aim of the research was to study the features of formation of adaptive ability, meat productivity and quality indicators of mutton obtained in the arid conditions of the Volga region from sheep of the Edilbaev breed of different genotypes. Material and Methods. A package of teaching materials has been developed concerning an increase in the productive qualities of different genotypes of the studied breed in the conditions of arid regions of southern Russia. Results. The authors’ research has demonstrated the high adaptive abilities of animals of the Edilbaev breed, their economic and biological qualities, food and taste indicators of their meat, as well as the possibility of further development of the breed in the arid conditions of southern Russia. As a research base, we selected the Volgograd‐Edilbay LLC breeding farm (the world's only breeding and genetic center for raising Edilbaev sheep) which is located in the Volgograd region and specializes in breeding pure‐bred animals in arid steppe, semi‐desert and desert zones. Due to the great demand for the livestock of this breed from farms located in arid territories, this study of the comparative aspects of production characteristics of animals of original and new types in the arid conditions of the Volga region is of interest to both science and practical animal husbandry. Conclusion. An assessment of the nutritional value of mutton obtained from animals of the Edilbaev breed has shown its high nutritional and biological qualities.
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Niemi, Jarkko K., Kari Hyytiäinen, Astou Diao Camara, Cheickh Sadibou Fall e Siwa Msangi. "Simulated impacts of weather variability on seasonally moving pastoral livestock in northern Senegal". Suomen Maataloustieteellisen Seuran Tiedote, n. 33 (31 gennaio 2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.33354/smst.75213.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Households in the arid or semi-arid regions often practice transhumance, which means that the household or part of it moves seasonally with animals from a common pasture to another. Semi-arid regions in the Sahel have faced increasing environmental pressure due to population growth and decreasing rainfall. In northern Senegal this has changed the pattern of movement and stocking densities in the area. Pastoral livestock which utilizes common rangeland is heavily exposed to weather variability. The goal of this paper is to examine how potential changes in weather variability and rainfall could affect the decisions to move animals in an extensive pastoral livestock system across two regions. Building on earlier research we develop a stochastic dynamic programming model that describes extensive, common-pasture-based livestock under stochastic and spatially varying weather. We extend previous research by allowing animal’s movements between two regions and take into account that decisions can be adjusted when new information about the weather arrives. Decision rules to sell and move animals under exogenous price, market and climate scenarios are investigated. The results show that in the absence of efficient feed markets and under unpredictable weather, transhumance can be a rational livestock management strategy. Weather has an important role in the herder’s decision-making especially in years when the rainfall turns out to be below that of an average year. By contrast, economic variables play an important role when rainfall is not limiting herd sales decisions. Increased frequency of extreme weather conditions, such as heavy drought or rainfall, may have more severe impacts on livestock husbandry than gradual changes in the mean annual rainfall or temperature suggest. Hence, policies should aim at mitigating the negative consequences of extreme weather
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Zhang, Lyubing, e Zhigang Jiang. "Unveiling the status of alien animals in the arid zone of Asia". PeerJ 4 (12 gennaio 2016): e1545. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1545.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Biological invasion is one of the most threatening factors for biodiversity conservation. Lacking information on alien species in certain regions of the world hampers a balanced understanding of invasion processes and efficient data exchange among stakeholders. Current knowledge gaps are in need of urgent concern. We therefore conducted a review on alien animals in Xinjiang, an unknown region of invasion ecology. Xinjiang lies in the heartland of the Asian continent, covering an area of 1,664,900 km2. In the past 64 years, 128 alien animal species were recorded in this region, 39% of which became invasive and led to loss of native biodiversity. Most of these species were introduced through diversification of local agriculture and aquaculture. This process was aggravated by improving transportation and flourishing trade. Multiple linear regression models and correlation analysis were run for explaining influence of environmental and anthropogenic factors on status of alien animals: economically developed areas with abundant water resource, oases in particular, were prone to be hotspots of alien animal species in this arid and semi-arid region. This study also revealed that taxonomically biased and lagged research were critical problems that impeded studies on biological invasions in Xinjiang, and proposed feasible solutions.
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Dean, W. Richard J., Colleen L. Seymour, Grant S. Joseph e Stefan H. Foord. "A Review of the Impacts of Roads on Wildlife in Semi-Arid Regions". Diversity 11, n. 5 (19 maggio 2019): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d11050081.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Roads now penetrate even the most remote parts of much of the world, but the majority of research on the effects of roads on biota has been in less remote temperate environments. The impacts of roads in semi-arid and arid areas may differ from these results in a number of ways. Here, we review the research on the impacts of roads on biodiversity patterns and ecological and evolutionary processes in semi-arid regions. The most obvious effect of roads is mortality or injury through collision. A diversity of scavengers are killed whilst feeding on roadkill, a source of easily accessed food. Noise pollution from roads and traffic interferes with vocal communication by animals, and birds and frogs living along noisy roads compensate for traffic noise by increasing the amplitude or pitch of their calls. Artificial light along roads impacts certain species’ ability to navigate, as well as attracting invertebrates. Animals are in turn attracted to invertebrates at streetlights, and vulnerable to becoming roadkill themselves. Genetics research across taxa confirms a loss of genetic diversity in small populations isolated by roads, but the long-term impact on the fitness of affected populations through a reduction in genetic diversity is not yet clear. Roads may rapidly cause genetic effects, raising conservation concerns about rare and threatened species. We assess mitigation measures and collate methods to identify the impact of roads on wildlife populations and their associated ecosystems, with a particular focus on recent advances.
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Almeida, Gledson L. P. de, Héliton Pandorfi, Fátima Baptista, Cristiane Guiselini e Janice M. C. Barnabé. "Thermal efficiency of individual shelters for girolando calves in brazilian semi-arid regions". Engenharia Agrícola 36, n. 1 (febbraio 2016): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-4430-eng.agric.v36n1p13-23/2016.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
ABSTRACT The objective of this research was to evaluate the thermal efficiency of roofs used on individual shelters during milk-feeding stage of Girolando calves. The research was conducted at a farm located in a dry region of Pernambuco state, Brazil. The experimental design was completely randomized, with 27 Holstein × Gir dairy crossbred calves housed in shelters with three roofing materials (fibre cement tile, recycled tile, and thatched roofs). The recycled tiles and thatched roofs provided reductions of 18.7 and 14.6% in radiant thermal load, respectively. Regardless the roofing material, all animals increased their respiratory rate to maintain thermal equilibrium.
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Chedid, Mabelle, Lina S. Jaber, Sylvie Giger-Reverdin, Christine Duvaux-Ponter e Shadi K. Hamadeh. "Review: Water stress in sheep raised under arid conditions". Canadian Journal of Animal Science 94, n. 2 (giugno 2014): 243–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas2013-188.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Chedid, M., Jaber, L. S., Giger-Reverdin, S., Duvaux-Ponter, C. and Hamadeh, S. K. 2014. Review: Water stress in sheep raised under arid conditions. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 94: 243–257. Sheep breeds which are indigenous to arid and semi-arid regions are known for their ability to adapt to rustic environments, to climatic variations as well as to shortages in resources. Water scarcity, often combined with heat stress, is a common challenge facing these animals, causing physiological perturbations and affecting the animal's productivity. This review reports the effect of different forms of water stress on physiological indicators, blood parameters, thermoregulation and immunological status in sheep. Although the breed effect may be significant, the following are generally observed common responses: drop in feed intake and weight loss, increase in evaporative cooling through panting, production of a small volume of highly concentrated urine, haemoconcentration, high blood osmolality, and immunosuppression. Prolonged water shortage may affect lamb birth weight and survival, and lead to a decrease in milk production, especially in non-adapted breeds, which could lead to important economic losses, as reported in heat-stressed sheep husbandries. Novel stress alleviation approaches are also presented, such as vitamin C supplementation.
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Yifru, Bisrat Ayalew, Min-Gyu Kim, Jeong-Woo Lee, Il-Hwan Kim, Sun-Woo Chang e Il-Moon Chung. "Water Storage in Dry Riverbeds of Arid and Semi-Arid Regions: Overview, Challenges, and Prospects of Sand Dam Technology". Sustainability 13, n. 11 (24 maggio 2021): 5905. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13115905.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Augmenting water availability using water-harvesting structures is of importance in arid and semi-arid regions (ASARs). This paper provides an overview and examines challenges and prospects of the sand dam application in dry riverbeds of ASARs. The technology filters and protects water from contamination and evaporation with low to no maintenance cost. Sand dams improve the socio-economy of the community and help to cope with drought and climate change. However, success depends on the site selection, design, and construction. The ideal site for a sand dam is at a transition between mountains and plains, with no bend, intermediate slope, and impermeable riverbed in a catchment with a slope greater than 2°. The spillway dimensioning considers the flow velocity, sediment properties, and storage target, and the construction is in multi-stages. Recently, the failure of several sand dams because of incorrect siting, evaporation loss, and one-stage construction were reported. Revision of practitioners’ manuals by considering catchment scale hydrological and hydrogeological characteristics, spillway height, and sediment transport are recommended. Research shows that protected wells have better water quality than open wells and scoop holes. Therefore, the community should avoid open defecation, pit latrines, tethering of animals, and applying pesticides near the sand dam.
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Mgode, Georgies F., Ginethon G. Mhamphi, Apia W. Massawe e Robert S. Machang’u. "Leptospira Seropositivity in Humans, Livestock and Wild Animals in a Semi-Arid Area of Tanzania". Pathogens 10, n. 6 (3 giugno 2021): 696. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10060696.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background: Leptospirosis is among the major neglected zoonoses in developing countries. The prevalence of leptospirosis remains underestimated in many African countries because of limited diagnostic facilities. We studied Leptospira seropositivity prevalence in humans, sheep, goats and rodents in a semi-arid region of central Tanzania and compared findings with reports from humid tropical areas. The aims were to establish the disease burden in different settings; understand circulating Leptospira serovars and potential major reservoirs for establishing appropriate control measures. Methods: Humans, sheep, goats, rodents and shrews (insectivores) were sampled from Bahi district, a semi-arid area in central Tanzania. Samples were tested for leptospiral antibodies using microscopic agglutination test (MAT) consisting of Leptospira serovars mainly reported in Tanzania and reference strains. Findings were compared with previous data to determine the disease epidemiological patterns. Results and conclusion: Semi-arid area showed high Leptospira seropositivity prevalence in humans and domestic animals due to intensive human–animal interactions at scarce water points and by flash flooding which occur in the area. Rodent population in the semi-arid areas was relatively low due to flooding. Leptospira seropositivity in rodents was also slightly lower, and the rodents appeared to be prolific breeders, probably as a means to compensate for the lost population during extreme drought as well as during short spells of floods. Intensive human–animal interaction in the semi-arid areas especially, in water sources in valleys where human and animals often meet, likely increased the risk of leptospirosis transmission to rice farmers in the area. Goats and sheep which are kept around homesteads had higher leptospiral antibodies prevalence (62%), nearly double of the 38% reported in same species in humid tropical regions of Tanzania. Livestock, especially goats and sheep, could be the major source of leptospirosis transmission to humans. Vaccination of livestock with vaccines against local Leptospira strains should be encouraged, and rodent control emphasized, as part of a management strategy against leptospirosis. Public awareness of leptospirosis must also be raised and supported by availability of rapid test kits in clinics for preliminary testing of leptospirosis in people with fevers of unknown origin.
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Siqueira, Thamires Damascena Quirino, João Paulo Ismério dos Santos Monnerat, Juana Catarina Cariri Chagas, Maria Gabriela da Conceição, Michelle Christina Bernardo de Siqueira, Thays Bianca Lira Viana e Marcelo de Andrade Ferreira. "Cactus cladodes associated with urea and sugarcane bagasse: an alternative to conserved feed in semi-arid regions". Tropical Animal Health and Production 51, n. 7 (25 aprile 2019): 1975–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11250-019-01895-1.
Testo completoTesi sul tema "Arid regions animals"
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Harrington, Rhidian. "The effects of artificial watering points on the distribution and abundance of avifauna in an arid and semi-arid mallee environment". Connect to this title online, 2002. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/2874.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The role of artificial watering points in the avifaunal dynamics of the semi-arid mallee woodlands of southeast Australia was examined. Species richness and abundance were monitored throughout the year at different distances from water to determine how birds were distributed around water points and how this changed in relation to environmental factors such as climate. Vegetation attributes were also measured to determine which factors explained patterns in the avifauna with distance from water, and also to allow a description of the vegetation in relation to the water points. Water points were monitored throughout the year to determine which species were utilising them, under which environmental circumstances and for what purposes. Knowledge of the water utilisation behaviour of individual bird species allowed some explanation of their distribution patterns, as well as an ability to predict the likely effects of water point closure on those bird species. The closure of two water points during the study allowed an assessment of the immediate effects of water point closure on avifauna (For complete abstract open document)
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Lee, Enhua School of Biological Earth & Environmental Science UNSW. "The ecological effects of sealed roads in arid ecosystems". Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Science, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/26265.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The effects of roads on landscapes and wildlife and their ecological processes are substantial and represent a major anthropogenic disruption to the natural environment. Current understanding of the impacts of roads for their strategic management is hampered by a lack of information on 1) the influence of the ecosystems on road effects, 2) the effects of roads on higher-order ecosystem responses (populations and communities), and 3) the overall impacts of roads on ecosystems and their wildlife (on both abiotic and biotic ecosystem components). This study used the Silver City Highway in arid New South Wales, Australia, as a model for a typical road in an arid ecosystem to investigate the ecological effects of arid-zone roads and their management. The study examined the spatial variation of soil, vegetation, kangaroo and small mammal variables in relation to the road, explored the factors contributing to these respective spatial variations, investigated the effects of arid-zone road management on vegetation, assessed the fragmentation effect of the arid-zone road on small mammals, and determined the patterns, causes and effects of kangaroo-vehicle collisions. The study revealed that the arid-zone road influenced most of the variables measured, skewed the population demographics of two kangaroo species, and altered the community composition of small mammals, with two small mammal species listed as threatened in NSW and of national significance (Sminthopsis macroura and Leggadina forresti) negatively impacted by the road. Increases in the amount of water along the road edge drove many of the subsequent effects of the arid-zone road as arid-zone flora and fauna are adapted to exploiting limited and patchily distributed resources. However, current arid-zone road management also influenced vegetation quality, microclimates around the road influenced kangaroo densities and small mammal communities, and kangaroo flight behaviour and temporal variations in traffic volume affected roadkill frequency. Together, these results suggest that roads have a high overall ecological impact in arid ecosystems. Conservation managers need to first rank the impacts of arid-zone roads in order of their conservation importance and need for mitigation, and from there, devise relevant informed management frameworks to target these impacts.
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Coventry, Ben. "Woody debris and the effect on the predicted probability of lizard capture in Arcoona Creek, Gammon Ranges National Park, South Australia /". Title page, abstract and table of contents only, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AEVH/09aevhc873.pdf.
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Brooks, George Benjamin 1955. "The potential for Macrobrachium rosenbergii culture in arid regions". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/288876.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Recent declines in the availability of large marine shrimp reinvigorated the market for the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Simultaneously, pressures to find more lucrative and water efficient crops are increasing in arid regions. The integration of a highly valuable crop such as Macrobrachium with irrigated agriculture could be of benefit to arid land farmers. Using a specific farming region in Arizona as a model of arid land systems, the objectives of my research were to: (1) Determine if the physical conditions for prawn culture occur in Arizona. (2) Investigate the feasibility of inland larvae culture. (3) Raise to maturity and spawn M. rosenbergii. (4) Assess the utility of a new species evaluation protocol. To meet these objectives, I reviewed physical conditions in Central Arizona and compared them to known requirements for culture of M. rosenbergii, developed a model larvae culture method and stocked postlarvae from the larvae culture experiments into ponds where they could grow to maturity and spawn. After spawning, the larvae were collected and the fecundity of the adult females determined. My results suggest M. rosenbergii likely can be cultured seasonally in ponds filled with surface water within the representative region. Constraints to culture include high source water pH, hardness, alkalinity, contaminants and low winter water temperatures. Larvae culture is possible within the representative region. However, successful mass culture will require refinement of techniques used in my study. Constraints to culture include high ambient pH of surface waters, periodic high hardness and alkalinity levels and low winter temperatures. Improved filtration techniques in the incubator and a consistent availability of Artemia for food are also issues of concern. Prawns hatched and grown in Arizona spawned readily, were as fecund as other cultured stocks and produced viable larvae up through stage 2. The protocol I used was appropriate for evaluating a species for aquaculture at a new location. Overall, M. rosenbergii shows potential as a candidate for integration with irrigated agriculture systems within arid farming regions.
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Nengomasha, Edward Musiwa. "The donkey (Equus asinus) as a draught animal in smallholder farming areas of the semi-arid regions of Zimbabwe". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/30568.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Donkeys are becoming increasingly important for draught animal power (DAP) in Zimbabwe and the sub-Saharan region mainly because cattle, the traditional DAP source, have suffered high mortalities in recent droughts. However, there is limited information on the extent of use and potential of donkeys for DAP in Zimbabwe. To rectify the deficiency, two surveys and a series of studies were undertaken. In the first survey, a rapid rural appraisal (RRA) was undertaken to assess the status, role and management practices of DAP in smallholder farming areas in the semi-arid regions of Zimbabwe. The second survey assessed the morphological attributes of 335 working donkeys, the relationships between live weight and body measurements and the effect of seasonal fluctuations of herbage availability on live weight and body condition of the donkeys. This was followed by experiments to measure the draught performance at ploughing and to investigate the effects of water and work on dry matter intake (DMI) by donkeys. The results of the RRA showed that large numbers of cattle died during the 1991-92 drought (up to 75 per cent in some areas) and that this had increased the farmers' dependency on donkeys for DAP. The management of donkeys was generally inadequate. For example, there was widespread use of the inappropriate neck yokes on donkeys in some of the areas. The survey on morphological attributes indicated that the typical "Zimbabwean" donkey weighed 142 kg, had a heart girth of 115 cm, a withers height of 105 cm and was normally light grey in colour. Male and female donkeys were similar in size. The single best predictor of live weight was heart girth (r2 = 0.864) followed by umbilical girth (r2 = 0.753). Donkeys lost weight and body condition during the late dry season. When used for ploughing in the wet season, donkey and cattle teams of similar total team weights exerted a similar draught force (863 N (±49.6) and 912 N (±98.2), P>0.05), generated similar power output (743 W (±68.8) and 938 W (± 140), P>0.05), worked at similar speeds (862 m/s (±69.5) and 1012 m/s (±64.3), P>0.05) and had similar effective field capacities (14.9 hours/ha (± 1.30) and 13.6 hours/ha (± 1.46), P>0.05), respectively.
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Hirakuri, Valter Levino. "A comunidade e dieta de pequenos mamíferos em uma área de caatinga no Alto Sertão Sergipano". Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, 2013. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/4444.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorConsidering the habitat influence in the occurrence of animal species and feeding ecology as a key factor on community dynamics, the relationship between habitat components and species richness and the abundance of small mammals community were evaluated, as well as the diet characterization of these species at Caatinga‟s area in Sergipe, Brazil. The capture-mark-recapture (CMR) method was applied at the Grota do Angico Natural Monument (MNGA), 100 Sherman‟s® traps were arranged in four sites (dense hiperxerophytic Caatinga) from July 2012 to February 2013. Monthly, the habitat variables and invertebrates availability were measured. Fecal samples were collected for food items identification. Twenty-four individuals belonging to three species, two marsupials (Gracilinanus agilis, N = 17 and Didelphis al-biventris, N = 1) and one rodent (Wiedomys pyrrhorhinus, N = 6) were captured, the recapture rate was 25%. The richness found was lower than other studies described in this biome. High habitat similarity were observed between the study sites, due to the high amount of litter, and the differences among them were influenced by components such as rock, cactus and brome-liads. The only habitat variable that positively influenced the abundance of G. agilis was the amount of bromeliads, there was no such relationship with W. pyrrhorhinus. Thirty seven fecal samples were collected, nine of W. pyrrhorhinus (all male samples) and 28 of G. agilis (11 female samples and 17 male samples). In these two species intake sample were identified eight invertebrates orders (Hymenoptera, Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Lepidoptera, Blattodea, Or-thoptera, Isoptera e Araneae), pulp and seeds were also registered. This is the first study on the feeding habits of W. pyrrhorhinus and G. agilis in Caatinga‟s biome . The two species showed high rates of arthropods intake and the diet composition of marsupial was similar to others studies in Cerrado biome, although in this study the proportions of consumption were higher. There were two food items new records‟ to G. agilis: Blattodea and Pilosocereus gou-nellei (Cactaceae) seeds. No difference was found between the sexes in the diet of G. agilis, however largest consumer of Hymenoptera by males and Orthoptera by females. Besides this study showed that marsupial has opportunistic feeding habits, consuming the more available arthropods orders in the environment.
Considerando a influência do habitat na ocorrência das espécies e a ecologia alimentar como fatores importantes na dinâmica das comunidades, foi avaliada a relação entre os componen-tes do habitat e a riqueza e abundância de pequenos mamíferos e caracterizada a dieta das espécies em uma área de Caatinga no Alto Sertão Sergipano. O estudo foi realizado no Mo-numento Natural Grota do Angico (MNGA), utilizando-se o método de captura-marcação-recaptura (CMR) por meio de 100 armadilhas tipo Sherman®, dispostas em quatro sítios (caa-tinga hiperxerófila densa) de julho de 2012 a fevereiro de 2013. Adicionalmente, mensurou-se mensalmente as variáveis do habitat e a disponibilidade de invertebrados. Além disso, foram coletadas amostras de material fecal para a identificação dos itens alimentares consumidos. Foram capturados 24 indivíduos pertencentes a três espécies, sendo dois marsupiais (Gracili-nanus agilis, N = 17 e Didelphis albiventris, N = 1) e um roedor (Wiedomys pyrrhorhinus, N = 6); com uma taxa de recaptura de 25%. A riqueza desse estudo foi inferior ao descritos em outros trabalhos no bioma. Os sítios apresentaram alta similaridade em relação ao habitat de-vido a elevada quantidade de serrapilheira e as diferenças entre eles foram influenciadas por componentes como rocha, cacto e bromélia. Dentre as variáveis do habitat, apenas a quanti-dade de bromélias influenciou positivamente a abundância de G. agilis e não houve nenhuma relação destas com W. pyrrhorhinus. Foram coletadas 37 amostras de fezes, sendo nove de W. pyrrhorhinus (todas de indivíduos machos) e 28 de G. agilis (11 amostras de fêmeas e 17 de machos). Foram identificadas oito ordens de invertebrados consumidas pelas duas espécies (Hymenoptera, Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Lepidoptera, Blattodea, Orthoptera, Isoptera e Arane-ae), além do registro de polpa e sementes. Esse é o primeiro estudo sobre o hábito alimentar de W. pyrrhorhinus e G. agilis em área de Caatinga. As duas espécies apresentaram elevadas taxas de consumo de artrópodes e a composição da dieta do marsupial se apresentou similar aos demais estudos realizados em Cerrado; porém nesse estudo as proporções de consumo foram superiores. Dois novos registros de itens alimentares para G. agilis foram obtidos: Blat-todea e sementes de Pilosocereus gounellei (Cactaceae). Não constatou-se diferença na dieta entre os sexos de G. agilis, entretanto houve o maior consumo de Hymenoptera por machos e de Orthoptera pelas fêmeas. Além disso, nesse estudo, esse marsupial apresentou um hábito oportunista, consumindo os representantes das ordens que estavam mais disponíveis no ambiente
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Yavari, Ahmad. "Allocation des ressources naturelles renouvelables et le développement rural dans les milieux montagnards de l'Iran : exemple de modalités du développement rural et la dégradation des ressources naturelles végétales de l'Alborz central". Grenoble 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10277.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Ce travail est une etude en geographie appliquee concernant la gestion des espaces montagnards de pays arides et en voie de developpement ou les montagnes sont des repertoires et lieux de recharge de ressources naturelles et de l'heritage culturel. L'economie de la pluspart des villages de plaines et piedmonts reste dependante des ressources naturelles qui ont subit une degradation intense et de fortes perturbations ecologiques et socio-economiques. La region etudiee est une partie de la chaine d'alborz central choisie de facon a inclure la diversite naturelle et socio-economique de l'espace montagnard de l'iran, tout en restant limitee sur l'etendue (2914 km carres). L'approche adoptee est inspiree par la vision systemique. La gestion de l'espace et son evolution pendant les vingt dernieres annees ont ete etudiees sur place et par des analyses statistiques en tant qu'un systeme uni. L'amenagement de cette region manque d'une gestion rationnelle de l'espace et ceci entraine un rapport desequilibre du developpement entre les montagnes et les pleines adjacentes et la non-integration des specificites montagnardes. Les potentiels agro-sylvo-pastorals sont limites par les contraintes naturelles et par les surexploitations intenses et chroniques. Cependant, il y a des potentiels d'exploitations importants au developpement de la region grace a sa situation geographique exceptionnelle. Le developpement du tourisme, du transport routier, de l'artisanat et de l'industrie legere sont des sources de l'emploi et de revenu et reduisent la pression exercee sur les ressources naturelles mais restent sous-exploites. Etablir l'equilibre (reduction) de l'exploitation de ressources naturelles et le developpement des autres potentiels de l'alborz central sont les premieres mesures indispensables de toutes gestion. La region a besoin d'un amenagement integre base sur les relations complementaires plaines-montagnes au niveau regional dans le respect des specificites des espaces montagnards au niveau local ou micro-regional
Libri sul tema "Arid regions animals"
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Francesco, Milo, e Bartolozzi Alessandro ill, a cura di. Animals in hot and cold habitats. Columbus, OH: Waterbird Books, 2003.
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Animals of the western rangelands. Happy Camp, CA, U.S.A: Naturegraph Publishers, 1986.
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Chia-Fen, Her, a cura di. Zai gan zao de di fang. Xianggang: Xiao shu miao jiao yu chu ban she, 2002.
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Bothma, J. du P. Carnivore ecology in arid lands. Berlin: Springer, 1998.
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Invertebrates in hot and cold arid environments. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1995.
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Belʹskai͡a, G. S. Osobennosti biologii ptit͡s v aridnykh uslovii͡akh. Ashkhabad: Ylym, 1992.
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Albert, Molnar, a cura di. The land of little water. Orlando, Fla: Harcourt, 2003.
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Rinne, John N. Native fishes of arid lands: A dwindling resource of the desert Southwest. Fort Collins, Colo: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, 1991.
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Fratkin, Elliot M. Ariaal pastoralists of Kenya: Surviving drought and development in Africa's arid lands. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1998.
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Fratkin, Elliot M. Ariaal pastoralists of Kenya: Studying pastoralism, drought, and development in Africa's arid lands. 2a ed. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon, 2003.
Cerca il testo completoCapitoli di libri sul tema "Arid regions animals"
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Burrows, Neil D. "Feral Animals in the Semi-arid and Arid Regions of Australia: Origins, Impacts and Control". In On the Ecology of Australia’s Arid Zone, 331–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93943-8_13.
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Ellis, Murray, Michael Drielsma, Liz Mazzer e Erica Baigent. "Clearing, grazing and reservation: assessing regional impacts of vegetation management on the fauna of south western New South Wales". In Animals of Arid Australia, 102–31. P.O. Box 20, Mosman NSW 2088, Australia: Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/fs.2007.045.
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El Shaer, Hassan M. "Halophytes as cash crops for animal feeds in arid and semi-arid regions". In Biosaline Agriculture and Salinity Tolerance in Plants, 117–28. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-7643-7610-4_13.
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Sakly, C., M. Rekik, I. Ben Salem, N. Lassoued, B. Mtaallah, K. Kraïem e A. Gonzalez-Bulnes. "Reproductive response of Barbarine ewes to supplementation with alternative feed prior to and during mating under semi-arid extensive conditions". In Animal farming and environmental interactions in the Mediterranean region, 235–39. Wageningen: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-741-7_29.
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Davidowitz, Goggy, e Kolska Liora Horwitz. "Morphometric variation between populations of recent wild boar in Israel". In Pigs and Humans. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199207046.003.0022.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Today the wild boar (subspecies Sub scrofa lybica Gray, 1868) is the largest wild mammal found in Israel (Mendelssohn & Yom Tov 1999a). Sus scrofa has formed an integral part of the fauna of Israel since c.0.78 Mya, with the earliest skeletal remains derived from the Lower Palaeolithic site of Gesher Benot Ya’akov, Israel (Hooijer 1959; Geraads & Tchernov 1983). Remains of wild boar are commonly found in archaeological assemblages in this region (e.g. Davis 1982; Tchernov 1988), and according to 19th-century travellers, wild boar were abundant throughout Palestine, including the thickets of the Jordan river and the Dead Sea, and even extended into the arid regions of the northern Negev and Judean desert (Tristram 1866; Hart 1891; Bodenheimer 1958; Qumsiyeh 1996). However, during the period of the Mandate of Palestine (1923–48) the population size of wild boar was severely reduced by hunting, and as a consequence, their distribution was reduced to the Jordan valley, from the Hula Lake in the north to Sdom at the southern tip of the Dead Sea (Bodenheimer 1958; Mendelssohn & Yom-Tov 1999 a, 1999b). Since the creation of the State of Israel in 1948 they have been protected by legislation, which, coupled with the reduced numbers of predators, has resulted in a marked increase in their numbers. Nowadays, wild boar occupy most of their former habitats including the coastal region. The species has also been observed as far south as Nahal Besor in the northern Negev, but it has been proposed that these animals may represent hybrids of domestic pigs and wild boar (Mendelssohn & Yom-Tov 1999b). Four main concentrations of wild boar can be identified in Israel today: the Upper Galilee (especially in the national park of Mount Meiron), the Hula Nature Reserve, the Golan Heights, and Sdom. As shown in Table 12.1, these areas differ markedly in vegetation, altitude, and climate. A study of dental pathology in skeletal collections derived from these groups showed significant differences between the four areas (Horwitz & Davidowitz 1992). Specifically, the Sdom group was characterized by an unusually high frequency of hypodontia of the lower third incisor, indicative of inbreeding.
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Wilshire, Howard G., Richard W. Hazlett e Jane E. Nielson. "Raiding the Range". In The American West at Risk. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195142051.003.0008.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
“Home on the Range” evokes a western landscape “where the deer and the antelope play.” But even at the song’s debut in the 1870s, deer and antelope were declining in numbers and cattle grazing was degrading rangelands across the American west. In their natural state, arid North American lands are robust and productive, but they recover exceedingly slowly from heavy grazing. By 1860, more than 3.5 million domesticated grazing animals were trampling arid western soils, causing severe erosion and lowering both water quality and water supplies in a water-poor region. The early start and persistence of grazing over such a long period of time invaded every nook and cranny of the public lands, making livestock grazing the most pervasively damaging human land use across all western ecosystems. Today, grazing affects approximately 260 million acres of publicly owned forest and rangelands, mostly in the 11 western states—about equivalent to the combined area of California, Arizona, and Colorado. Those acres include Pacific Northwest - r and ponderosa forests; Great Basin big sagebrush lands; the richly H oral Sonoran Desert; magni- cent high-desert Joshua tree forests; varied shrub associations in the low-elevation Mojave, Great Basin, Chihuahuan, and other southwestern deserts; and extensive Colorado Plateau pinyon–juniper forests stretching from northern Arizona and New Mexico to southern Colorado and Utah and decorating the arid inland plateaus of Washington, Oregon, and northeastern California. Proponents of public lands grazing argue that cattle have not changed anything. They just replace the immense herds of hooved native herbivores—bison, deer, antelope, and elk—that once dominated western ranges. But in pre-European settlement times, natural forces, including unlimited predators and limited fodder, effectively controlled the native animal populations. Unlike cattle, the herds of deer, antelope, and elk wintered in generally snow-free lowland areas and used much less than their full range each year. And those animals were easier on the land, especially the rivers. Immense bison herds ranged over vast areas, never staying very long on any range. Bison rarely visited the sites of today’s major livestock grazing problems in Great Basin and southwestern deserts, however. On northern ranges, bison obtained winter moisture from eating snow and did not cling to creeks and streams the way cattle do.
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Havstad, Kris M., e Laura F. Huenneke. "Grazing Livestock Management in an Arid Ecosystem". In Structure and Function of a Chihuahuan Desert Ecosystem. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195117769.003.0017.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The history of livestock grazing in the Jornada Basin of southern New Mexico is a relatively recent story, but one of profound implications. For four centuries this region has supported a rangeland livestock industry— initially sheep (Ovis aries), goats (Capra aegagrus hircus), and cattle (Bos taurus and Bos indicus), but primarily beef cattle for the past 130 years. Throughout this brief history of a domesticated ruminant in an ecosystem without a significant presence of large hoofed mammals as part of its evolutionary development, the livestock industry has continually grappled with high degrees of temporal and spatial variation in forage production. Management of this consumptive use, whether during Spanish, Mexican, U.S. territorial, U.S. federal, or New Mexican governments, has constantly reaffirmed the need for grazing management to be flexible and responsive to the stress of droughts. The history of anecdotal experiences has been more recently augmented by scientific investigations first initiated in 1915. This chapter outlines the general history of livestock in this region, defining characteristics of herbivory in arid lands, and principles of grazing management derived from nearly a century of studies on grazing by large domesticated herbivores. Seventeen ships carried 1,200 people and enough cattle, horses, sheep, and pigs to colonize northern Hispaniola during Columbus’s second voyage in 1493. Livestock originating from the Andalusian Plain of southern Spain were loaded aboard ship at the southern port of Cádiz and the Canary Islands before making the 22- day voyage (Rouse 1977). It was not until 1521 that Gregorio Villalobos unloaded livestock in New Spain (Mexico) near Tampico; the actual number of cattle and their origin are disputed. Rouse (1977) claimed that 50 calves were transported to the mainland from either Cuba or Hispaniola, whereas Peplow (1958) and Wellman (1954) claimed 6 animals arrived from Hispaniola. Irrespective of the initial numbers, livestock were soon moved north from the Mexico City area during the early sixteenth century with both missionaries and resource extraction industries as retired military officers and Spanish nobility built a mining- and grazing-based economy throughout the region of present-day northern Mexico.
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T. Sewando, Ponsian. "Efficacy of Risk Reducing Diversification Portfolio Strategies among Agro-Pastoralists in Semi-Arid Area: A Modern Portfolio Theory Approach". In Agrometeorology. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94133.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Agro-pastoralists in the tropical semi-arid dryland areas of sub-Saharan Africa are significantly affected by climate change and variability. The agro-pastoral families are coping with production-related climatic risks through livelihood diversification to ensure food security. Data were collected from a sample of 411 agro-pastoralists across five districts in the semi-arid northern and central regions of Tanzania through survey conducted between November 2017 and July 2018. Secondary data regarding crop yields and livestock populations for eight years from 2009 to 2017 were collected from the National Bureau of Statistics and the respective District offices. Results show that about three-quarters of the agro-pastoralists managed diversified crop and livestock portfolios with two or more crops and animal species. However, simulated crop yields reveal positive correlations. Construction of integrated portfolios that generate good returns at a modest risk can be achieved through strategic choices between high-return high-risk and low-return low-risk crop and livestock activities. Thus, the paper recommends for costly long-term breeding and genotype improvement programs, strategically changing the make-up of the current crop and livestock portfolios which appear to be an affordable and tailored solution for building risk resilience among agro-pastoral communities in the drylands.
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Barker, Graeme. "Central and South Asia: theWheat/Rice Frontier". In The Agricultural Revolution in Prehistory. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199281091.003.0010.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This chapter intentionally overlaps with Chapter 4 in its geographical scope, as there is no clear boundary between South-West and South Asia. Western Asiatic landforms—mountain ranges, alluvial valleys, semi-arid steppe, and desert—extend eastwards from the Iranian plateau beyond the Caspian Sea into Turkmenistan in Central Asia, and there are similar environments in South Asia from Baluchistan (western Pakistan) and the Indus valley into north-west India as far east as the Aravalli hills (Fig. 5.1). Rainfall increases steadily moving eastwards across the vast and immensely fertile alluvial plains of northern India. The north-east (Bengal, Assam, Bhutan) is tropical, with tropical conditions also extending down the eastern coast of the peninsula and up the west coast as far as Bombay. Today the great majority of the rural population of the region lives by agriculture, though many farmers also hunt game if they have the opportunity. The ‘Eurasian’ farming system predominates in the western part of the region: the cultivation of crops sown in the winter and harvested in the spring (rabi), such as barley, wheat, oats, lentils, chickpeas, jujube, mustard, and grass peas, integrated with animal husbandry based especially on sheep, goats, and cattle. A second system (kharif ) takes advantage of the summer monsoon rains: crops are sown in the late spring at the start of the monsoon and harvested in the autumn. Rice (Oryza sativa) is the main summer or kharif crop (though millets and pulses are also key staples), grown wherever its considerable moisture needs can be met, commonly by rainfall in upland swidden systems and on the lowlands by flooding bunded or dyked fields in paddy systems. The systems are referred to as ‘dry’ and ‘wet’ rice farming respectively. Rice is the primary staple in the eastern or tropical zone receiving the greatest amount of summer monsoon rain. This extends from the Ganges (Ganga) valley eastwards through Assam into Myanmar (Burma) and East Asia. There are something like 100,000 varieties of domesticated Asian rice, but the main one grown in the region is Oryza indica. A wide range of millets is also grown as summer crops in rain-fed systems throughout the semi-arid tropical regions of South Asia, including sorghum or ‘great millet’, finger millet, pearl or bullrush millet, proso or common millet, foxtail millet, bristley foxtail, browntopmillet, kodo millet, littlemillet, and sawamillet.
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Rosenzweig, Michael L., e Robert D. Holt. "SHALOM: A Landscape Simulation Model for Understanding Animal Biodiversity". In Biodiversity in Drylands. Oxford University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195139853.003.0010.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The ecological complexity of landscape components of biodiversity may be understood by examining relatively simple landscapes such as those of arid and semiarid lands. It is believed that such lands provide easy recognition of their components and a relatively simple interaction between their different diversities (Safriel et al. 1989). In general, ecological complexity emerges from the existence of environmental heterogeneity and scaling effects. The effects of scaling include the differential changes in observed patterns produced by processes that operate and interact at different tempospatial scales. For example, interspecific competition may have a strong influence on species coexistence and, therefore, diversity, at a local scale, may be insignificant for determining species diversity compared with a regional scale, where colonization–extinction dynamics may be the major determinant for species diversity. Environmental heterogeneity mainly results from three components: habitat diversity (the number of different habitats), habitat size (the size of each habitat’s patch), and habitat patchiness (the distribution of the different habitats’ patches in the landscape). Each component may affect species diversity by providing specific processes for coexistence, colonization, extinction, and population-size dependent effects. Additionally, as emphasized by Kotliar and Wiens (1990), different scales (Wiens 1989) should introduce different levels of heterogeneity that may influence the way organisms respond to their environment. Morris (1987) suggested that an organism that does not respond to a particular heterogeneity presented at one scale may respond to the heterogeneity presented at another scale. This concept has led ecologists to accept the idea that ecological processes and patterns are not fixed, but rather depend on the scale under study (e.g., Addicott et al. 1987, Kotliar and Wiens 1990, Dunning et al. 1992, Wiens et al. 1993). In this chapter we describe a spatially explicit, multispecies, process-based landscape simulation model, SHALOM (Species-Habitat Arrangement-Landscape-Oriented-Model) that has been designed to explore ecological complexity of large scales. After describing the model, we will present several simulation results to demonstrate the strengths of using such models for understanding biodiversity processes and patterns. We believe that this model can serve an important tool for exploring biodiversity in arid and semiarid lands.
Atti di convegni sul tema "Arid regions animals"
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Artemieva, Elena. "DESERT SPECIES IN THE REGION AS INDICATORS OF DESERTIFICATION". In Land Degradation and Desertification: Problems of Sustainable Land Management and Adaptation. LLC MAKS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m1711.978-5-317-06490-7/213-217.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The distribution of desert species of plants and animals in the Ulyanovsk region (Middle Volga region) is associated with two main reasons: native origin and penetration (entry) from arid and semiarid regions. Deserted species of indigenous origin, as a rule, are located on the northern border of the range and move north along similar biotopes - salt marshes, saline steppe areas, arid steppes with elements of semi-deserts, etc. Most of these species are rare and are listed in the regional Red Book. Intertile desert species are often occupied by ruderal biotopes - silver goof, tamarix, etc. In general, in the biota of the Ulyanovsk region, desert species account for about 5%.