Tesi sul tema "Argilite – Oxfordien"
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Scholtus, Nicolas. "Altération pédogénétique des argilites du Callovo-Oxfordien soumises à la végétalisation". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INPL056N.
Testo completoDurce, Delphine. "Interactions et transfert de macromolécules organiques et de colloïdes dans l'argile nanoporeuse du Callovo-Oxfordien". Nantes, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NANT2008.
Testo completoLow permeability Callovo-Oxfordian clay rock is under consideration as a possible host rock for long-term disposal of radioactive waste in a deep geological repository. Radionuclides move slowly in the Callovo-Oxfordian rock but complexation with colloidal species or organic macromolecules, naturally present in the pore solution or generated by storage, may enhance their migration. These colloidal and organic species can be retained by the clay through chemical interactions or physical immobilization (filtration). To increase the understanding of their mobility, batch and transport experiments (percolation) were performed on crushed and whole rock samples using Se(0) colloids and the following organic acids: succinic acid (118Da), citric acid (192Da) and polymaleic acid (1900Da). Adsorption studies on Se(0) colloids show the retention of this species on the clay. However, the properties of these colloids are masked by the presence of the protein required for the stabilization of the suspension. Adsorption studies on organic acids highlight the retention of these species (between 2. 2. 10-3 and 4. 20. 10-2 mol/kg of rock) which is strongly irreversible and which depends on the Ca2+ ion concentrations in solution and on the capacity of organic acids to complex with this ion. Percolation experiments performed on succinic and polymaleic acids show that despite their size, these molecules are mobile in the pore water of the compact rock. Filtration was not observed. Interactions rock/organic molecule were similar to those identified on a crushed rock
Ubersfeld, Dimitri. "Influence des molécules antioxydantes produites par des plantes sur l’évolution physico-chimique et microbiologique de l’argilite du Callovo-Oxfordien". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0193/document.
Testo completoThis study is a part of the deep disposal site development for radioactive waste in Meuse-Haute Marne (France), most specifically on the bio-physico-chemical conversion of sedimentary clay rocks (Callovo-Oxfordian, COx), excavated and stored on surface in the form of heap. During the experimental and operational phases, several million cubic meters of argillite will be excavated. Argillite stored in the open air will be exposed to meteoritic alterations, oxidizing conditions of surface and colonized biologically (plants, bacteria, fungi). The aim of the thesis is to study the impact of naturally derived antioxidants from revegetation of heap with antioxidant-producing plants on the physical, chemical or microbial weathering processes of argillite. This work was designed to (i) identify suitable naturally derived antioxidants and the plants to produce them (ii) assess the antioxidant inhibitory effects on weathering and leaching COx metals in the laboratory, (iv) field test selected plants on the heap, (iii) follow in situ physicochemical and microbiological evolution of the argillite heap planted with antioxidant producing plants. In the laboratory, percolating model antioxidants of Lamiaceae (linalool, thymol, carvacrol) through a packed column of argillite showed variable water weathering/leaching rate depending on the metal elements present; very low for aluminum (<1 ‰), between 1-3% for other metals (Ca, Mg, Fe ...) and reach more than 60% for sodium. With thymol at 20 mg/l for 3 months, it was found that there are a decrease in sulfur leached amount and the metal elements from the sulfides (Fe, As) and carbonates (Ca, Sr) and inhibition of bacterial and fungal microflora growths. However, intake of artificial root exudates in columns stimulates microbial growth, improves the availability of aluminum, iron and provides sequestration of calcium. Among the tested plants, lavender and lavandin were selected. Two successive plantation tests were carried out in situ on a heap of old argillite (10 years) for one year. The lavandin grew better than lavender and was retained for the second study in situ. The comparison of the planted part of the COx heap with bare COx showed (i) a significant reduction in the quantities of calcium, strontium, iron and sulfur leached (ii) a significant reduction (by two orders of magnitude) to the amount of eroded material on the slope planted compared to unplanted (iii) a significant rate of mycorrhiza roots and microbial growth. In conclusion, although the naturally derived antioxidants did not significantly inhibit the alteration of argillite, the lavandin is an excellent plant for phytostabilisation of heap and for production of antioxidants
Bregoin, Stéphanie. "Variabilité spatiale et temporelle des caractéristiques du Callovo-Oxfordien de Meuse/Haute-Marne". Paris, ENMP, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ENMP1297.
Testo completoMenaceur, Hamza. "Comportement thermo-hydro-mécanique et microstructure de l'argilite du Callovo-Oxfordien". Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1167/document.
Testo completoThe development of nuclear energy in recent years requires safe solutions for the storage of radioactive waste. A solution proposed for high activity radioactive waste is the storage indeep low permeability geological formations such as claystones. In this perspective, Andra, the French agency for the management of radioactive wastes, supported investigations on theshort and long term behaviour of the Callovo-Oxfordian (COx) claystone, considered as apotential host rock in France. In this framework, a microscopic and macroscopic experimental study on the thermo-hydro-mechanical behaviour of COx claystone was carried out. In this work, a microstructure investigation of the water retention properties of the Cox claystone was performed. The water retention properties were determined by controlling suction through the vapour phase, with also the monitoring of volume changes and changes indegree of saturation as a function of suction along the drying and wetting paths. The study was completed by a microstructure investigation based on the use of mercury intrusion porosimetry on freeze-dried specimens. It was observed that the concepts governing the hydration of smectites appeared useful to better understand the effects of changes in water content and suction on the microstructure of COx claystone. In a second step, the compression-swelling behaviour of the COx claystone was related to micro structure features by performing high pressure oedometer compression tests and byrunning mercury intrusion porosimetry tests and scanning electron microscope observationson specimens submitted to compression and stress release. The results obtained showed that the potential of swelling was linked to the density of cracks generated during compression. The thermo-mechanical behaviour of fully saturated COx claystone specimens was investigated from shear and drained heating tests using a hollow cylinder triaxial device specially developed for low permeability materials. The shear tests at 25°C evidenced lowershear strength on specimens with higher porosity. The preliminary results obtained at 80°Cevidenced a more ductile response, with slightly smaller shear strength and little changes of the elastic parameters at elevated temperature. Drained isotropic heating tests confirmed thecontracting volumetric plastic behaviour of the COx argillite, similar to normally consolidated clays. The effect of thermal pressurisation of the pore water on a specimen with a pre-existingshear plan was investigated. The results showed that undrained heating under shear stress decreased the effective stress, bringing back the sheared specimen to failure. The self-sealing properties of COx claystone at 25 and 80°C were investigated by conducting steady state permeability tests on sheared specimens at various stages. The results showed that the overall permeability of the sheared specimen at 25 and 80°C was comparable to that before shearing, confirming the good self-sealing properties of COx claystone
Dang, Kim Dung. "Contribution à l'étude du comportement thermo-hydro-mécanique des matériaux argileux (bentanite MX 80 et argilite du callovo-oxfordien)". Rennes, INSA, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ISARA007.
Testo completoBraun, Philipp. "Comportement thermo-hydro-mécanique de l´argilite du Callovo-Oxfordien : Effets des chemins de contrainte et des variations de température". Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC1004.
Testo completoExtensive research is carried out by the French National Radioactive Waste Management Agency (Andra), in order to characterize the Callovo-Oxfordian (COx) claystone, a candidate host rock for a deep geological radioactive waste repository in France. The hydromechanical behaviour of the rock due to the excavation of the galleries are studied, as well as the thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) response arising from heat generated by the exothermic waste packages. A laboratory programme was carried out in this work to characterize the response of COx claystone to different THM loadings within the framework of transversely isotropic thermo-poro-elasticity.Due to the very low permeability of the COx claystone, laboratory experiments have to be adapted for long saturation and drainage durations. Analytical solutions are presented for the time dependent pore pressure field in a specimen submitted to various loading paths and different rates. This provides a simple and efficient tool for the estimation of the conditions that must hold for reliable determination of material parameters. It allows as well an optimization of various test conditions.Based on this approach, a new transient step loading procedure was developed for isotropic tests in drained and undrained conditions, under both thermal and mechanical loading. This protocols render experiments on low permeable rocks more time efficient, giving access to several THM parameters and permeability measurements in a single test.In isotropic compression tests, pore pressure tests, and deviatoric loading tests parallel and perpendicular to the bedding plane, poroelastic properties were investigated on saturated rock specimens. The performed experiments provide compatible material parameters at different stress levels, evidencing a significant transverse isotropy, which had little effects on the back-calculated Biot’s coefficients and more effects on Skempton's coefficients.Thermal loads were exerted on COx specimens along different heating and cooling paths. Drained and undrained thermal expansion coefficients along both the transverse isotropic directions were determined. The measurement of pore pressure changes yielded the thermal pressurization coefficient, with a stress and temperature dependency identified.Thermo-hydro-mechanical loading paths corresponding to the paths expected in situ at the symmetry axis between two microtunnels, in which canisters are placed, were mimicked in the laboratory. Using a specially developed novel triaxial device, samples were heated with no radial strain allowed, until thermally induced pore pressures caused effective tensile stresses, which ultimately fractured the material at axial effective stresses around -3.0 MPa. Fracturing under different lateral total stresses allow to describe the failure with Fairhurst's generalized Griffith criterion. Using the THM properties evaluated earlier in the study, one is able to satisfactorily reproduce the observed deformations under tension.Last of all, a thermo-poroelastic model was implemented in the finite element solver Freefem++. The THM behaviour around parallel microtunnels in periodic layout is simulated in a 2D configuration. This helps to better understand the spatial arrangement of THM processes, heat and fluid transport, and the change of stress states with respect to the presented failure criterion
Aburto, Mardones Danitza. "Filtrage géostatistique de données géophysiques en vue de la cartographie de l’impédance d’une formation argileuse : exemple du Callovo-Oxfordien de Meuse". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENMP, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENMP0012.
Testo completoIn the framework of researches carried out by ANDRA (the French agency for nuclear waste), which aim at evaluating the feasibility of creating a repository of radioactive waste in the Callovo Oxfordian clay formation. This thesis studies two key steps to obtain a 3D image of the formation: its geometry and its internal heterogeneity. The geometry of the sedimentary formation is determined from seismic time picking along profiles. These profiles are oriented along two main directions. At the intersections, the values registered by two profiles are different. The low number of intersections does not allow a precise study of the spatial behavior of these differences; they are analyzed via the pseudo-cross-variogram. The variography analysis allows the choice of a coherent model for all the profiles, from which an estimation of the corrected time is presented. The internal heterogeneity is performed through the study of the impedance, a variable linked to the intrinsic properties of the rock. Two types of measurements are available. On one hand, the seismic impedance resulting from the geophysical inversion of the amplitude recorded along seismic reflection profiles is densely distributed in the area of interest. On the other hand, the impedance log, resulting from the product of rock density and P wave velocity, is known at only few wells. Bivariate spatial behavior along the vertical direction has allowed the formulation of the following hypothesis: each impedance measurement can be decomposed into a sum of a variable Z (common to both measures) and a residual specific to each measure. Under certain supplementary hypotheses, it is possible to estimate the common component along the seismic sections. Some complements to these studies are mentioned, for example the correspondence between geophysical and geostatistical methods or the consideration of uncertainty in the amplitudes
Guillon, Théophile. "Comportement hydromécanique des argilites du Callovo-Oxfordien lors de cycles de désaturation-resaturation". Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPL101N/document.
Testo completoThe Callovo-Oxfordian claystones’ properties make them reliable as a geological barrier for the confinement of radioactive wastes. In order to optimally predict their behavior, how they respond to various short and long terms loadings has to be studied. Particularly during the exploitation phase, air is continuously ventilated throughout the galleries. The climatic properties of this air are not balanced with those of the rock, and may perturb its hydromechanical (HM) attributes. Thus, assessing the HM response of the rock under hydric loading seems to be a priority.This dissertation begins with laboratory tests to propose an appropriate physical model. Drying tests were studied as they focus on the HM response of samples undergoing hydric loadings. A first 2D isotropic model is proposed, and then enhanced to 3D by considering a transversely isotropic Young modulus. Secondly, experimental results provide relevant data to estimate poroelastic and transport parameters involved in the model. Estimation is achieved according to an inverse procedure, which minimizes the error between measurements and model predictions. Finally, a real-size test is simulated using 2D models: an isotropic plastic one and a transversely isotropic elastic one.Model predictions reproduce well the laboratory tests data. When simulating the in situ behavior, a rather good agreement is obtained between the numerical and experimental results (although using the parameters estimated at the laboratory scale). However, the model highlights a limited influence of plasticity in the laboratory tests, while dissipative phenomena obviously occur in situ. 3D laboratory simulations do not improve the precision of 2D results, but reproduce more experimental data (mass variations, axial and lateral strains). Moreover, the inversion process is more efficient when ran over various kinds of data. Furthermore, stability of the algorithm is improved when adopting a two-phase convergence (simplex, followed by a gradient-like method). Numerical estimates of the parameters are in agreement with the direct experimental measurements obtained through other tests
Mahjoub, Mohamed. "Modélisation du couplage endommagement-perméabilité dans les géomatériaux anisotropes. Application aux ouvrages souterrains du site de Bure". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEM043/document.
Testo completoThis thesis aims to introduce a new hydromechanical constitutive model taking into account both initial and induced anisotropies and the impact of the mechanical damage on the permeability. To build this model, a new modeling approach is developed allowing the extension of mechanical behavior laws from isotropic materials to transversely isotropic materials. This approach is used, within the framework of continuous media with internal variables, to propose an elasto-viscoplastic behavior law that distinguishes between compressive and tensile loading regimes. A second order tensor is introduced to describe the induced anisotropy due to tensile loadings, and a scalar internal variable is employed to account for hardening and softeningof the material due to compressive loadings. Under complex loadings, these two mechanisms are coupled, and the effect of cracks closing/reopening is taken into consideration. The damage-permeability coupling is modeled by the introduction of a phenomenological law linking the material intrinsic permeability to the mechanical internal variables.The developed model is applied to the case of the underground drifts of Bure site in order to better understand the mechanisms of hydromechanical properties alteration, around drifts and storing cells. Not only the impact of the excavation operations is considered but also the consequences of the overpressures caused by the produced hydrogen due to the corrosion of the metallic parts of nuclear waste containers
Yang, Diansen. "Caractérisation par la mesure de perméabilité au gaz de l’endommagement mécanique et hydrique dans l’EDZ des argilites du Callovo-Oxfordien". Paris, ENMP, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004660.
Testo completoThe work presented here covers the investigations on the variation of geomechanical proprieties of the approximately 500 m deep MHM in France (mudstone in the departments of Meuse/Haute-Marne), chosen as a potential medium for nuclear waste disposal by ANDRA. In order to measure the very low permeability of mudstone and to observe the dependency on saturation, a special test scheme on measurement of gas permeability has been developed. In the scheme, in situ referenced stresses have been chosen as the stresses acting on the solid matrix. To estimate the mechanical damage of storage induced by the excavation, laboratory tests on gas permeability have been conducted on samples recovered from different locations situated at different distances from the wall of the main access shaft of the MHM (from 0,1 m to 12,5 m). Results of gas permeability obtained under iso of 11 MPa vary between 10-21 and 10-22 m² and do not show significant variations between damaged zones and intact zones. The variation of gas permeability under the cycle of loading and unloading is not significant. The oviparous intact samples have been imposed different saturations by salt solutions (with HR from 25 % to 98 %) to form a cycle of de- and re-saturation. The characters of mudstone during the sorption and desorption were measured and analyzed. Kgaz under iso of 5 MPa increases from 10-21 to 10-18 m² when the HR decreases from 98 % to 25 %. A quasi-linear relation between log(k) and Saturation has been observed and mathematically formulated. The study of kgaz as a function of deviator stress confirms that the effect of the deviator is not evident, even when the deviator excesses the damage threshold. The deformation and the acoustics velocity of samples have been traced during the tests and the microstructure of mudstone has been studied with the method of mercury intrusion. The factors influencing the measure of gas permeability, such as the Klinkenberg effect, the variation of saturation during the tests, the dissolution of gas in water and the water transformation due to the gas pressure, especially the leak tightness of the testing system, have been discussed in the study
Agboli, Mensan. "Étude expérimentale de l'impact de la propagation et de l'autocolmatage des fissures sur la perméabilité à l'eau et au gaz de l'argilite du Callovo-Oxfordien". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LORR0070.
Testo completoThe excavation of underground galleries generally results in a zone damaged by fractures. In the context of the storage of radioactive waste in deep clay layers, this network of fractures desaturates the host rock and causes it to lose its confinement properties (very low permeability, good mechanical strength). This thesis focuses on the Callovo-Oxfordian claystone (COx), a geological formation chosen in France (Bure, Meuse/Haute-Marne) for its potential as a containment barrier for radioactive waste. Using an experimental approach, the impact of crack propagation and self-sealing on the water and gas permeability of the COx claystone was studied. Self-sealing tests were carried out on cylindrical specimens artificially fractured under X-ray tomography, under different orientations (parallel and perpendicular to the bedding plane) and temperatures, with different calcite contents, different opening widths of the initial fracture, and with the injection of different fluids such as water and gas. The objective being to better understand the impact of these different factors on the self-sealing process of the COx claystone (changes in permeability and fracture closure). Furthermore, fracturing tests with measurement of gas permeability were also carried out for the two orientations in order to study the impact of microcracking damage on the hydraulic properties of the COx claystone. It has been observed that the mineralogical composition of the claystone plays a determining role in the effectiveness of self-sealing. High calcite content, combined with low clay content, has been identified as a limiting factor, thereby compromising the rock's ability to self-seal effectively. To guarantee effective sealing, it is necessary that the calcite content remains below 40%. In general, the self-sealing process is rapid at the start of the test and then stabilizes after a month. The water permeability of the samples is partially restored (~10-18-10-19 m²) compared to the initial permeability of healthy claystone (i.e. without fracture) (~10-20- 10-21 m²) and the closure of the fracture is almost complete. Furthermore, the self-sealing process appears to be equally effective for both parallel and perpendicular orientations. The impact of temperature on the self-sealing process has not been clearly demonstrated. Regarding the simultaneous injection of inert gas and water, our study demonstrated a retarding effect on the reduction of water permeability, mainly due to gas-induced desaturation. Despite this delay, the self-sealing process proved effective, inducing a significant reduction in permeability. The fracturing tests (triaxial compression tests) showed that the gas permeability gradually decreases for both orientations with increasing deviatoric stress, illustrating the closure of the initial cracks due to the axial compression of the samples. For higher deviatoric stresses, a significant increase in gas permeability is observed near the dilatancy threshold, particularly in samples oriented parallel to the bedding plane. This suggests a close link between the opening of microcracks and the increase in permeability
Su, Kun Shao Jian Fu. "Contribution à l'étude du comportement mécanique et thermo-hydro-mécanique des argilites du Callovo-Oxfordien application au stockage des déchets radioactifs /". Villeneuve d'Ascq : Université des sciences et technologies de Lille, 2007. https://iris.univ-lille1.fr/dspace/handle/1908/368.
Testo completoN° d'ordre (Lille 1) : 500. Titre provenant de la page de titre du document numérisé. Bibliogr. p. 83-86. Liste des publications.
Mohajerani, Mehrdokht. "Etude expérimentale du comportement thermo-hydro-mécanique de l'argilite du Callovo-Oxfordien". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00647890.
Testo completoYang, Diansen. "Caractérisation par la mesure de perméabilité au gaz de l'endommagement mécanique et hydrique dans l'EDZ des argilites du Callovo-Oxfordien". Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004660.
Testo completoAburto, Mardones Danitza. "Filtrage géostatistique de données géophysiques en vue de la cartographie de l’impédance d’une formation argileuse : exemple du Callovo-Oxfordien de Meuse". Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENMP0012/document.
Testo completoIn the framework of researches carried out by ANDRA (the French agency for nuclear waste), which aim at evaluating the feasibility of creating a repository of radioactive waste in the Callovo Oxfordian clay formation. This thesis studies two key steps to obtain a 3D image of the formation: its geometry and its internal heterogeneity. The geometry of the sedimentary formation is determined from seismic time picking along profiles. These profiles are oriented along two main directions. At the intersections, the values registered by two profiles are different. The low number of intersections does not allow a precise study of the spatial behavior of these differences; they are analyzed via the pseudo-cross-variogram. The variography analysis allows the choice of a coherent model for all the profiles, from which an estimation of the corrected time is presented. The internal heterogeneity is performed through the study of the impedance, a variable linked to the intrinsic properties of the rock. Two types of measurements are available. On one hand, the seismic impedance resulting from the geophysical inversion of the amplitude recorded along seismic reflection profiles is densely distributed in the area of interest. On the other hand, the impedance log, resulting from the product of rock density and P wave velocity, is known at only few wells. Bivariate spatial behavior along the vertical direction has allowed the formulation of the following hypothesis: each impedance measurement can be decomposed into a sum of a variable Z (common to both measures) and a residual specific to each measure. Under certain supplementary hypotheses, it is possible to estimate the common component along the seismic sections. Some complements to these studies are mentioned, for example the correspondence between geophysical and geostatistical methods or the consideration of uncertainty in the amplitudes
He, Zheng. "Quelques contributions à la modélisation micromécanique de l’argilite du Callovo-Oxfordien". Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10166/document.
Testo completoThis work focuses on the development of micromechanical modeling tools to study the behavior of the Callovo-Oxfordian argillite. This geomaterial is modeled as a porous heterogeneous medium at three distinct spatial scales. The microscopic scale reveals the heterogeneity of the clay phase on which the morphological model synthesized as a porous polycrystal was based. Numerical predictions of the elastoplastic and transversely isotropic clay phase considering mechanical interactions between the crystals are performed by using an incremental approach. Then, a poroelastic model for saturated granular materials with imperfect interface effects is proposed. On the basis of this poroelastic model and the nonlinear homogenization, we showcase the impact of the cohesive Mohr-Coulomb imperfect interfaces on the strength criterion of granular geomaterials. Finally, we propose a complete model for the prediction of the strength of Callovo-Oxfordian argillite under the assumption that the clay matrix is a porous material with the solid phase described by a perfectly plastic Drucker-Prager criterion. It is important to note that the explored failure mechanism includes the possibility of a strain concentration at the (rigid) inclusion-matrix interface. This model is analyzed in detail and its predictions appear quite convincing
Belmokhtar, Malik. "Contributions à l'étude du comportement thermo-hydro-mécanique de l'argilite du Callovo-Oxfordien (France) et de l'argile à Opalinus (Suisse)". Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1026/document.
Testo completoDeep low permeability claystones (10-20 m2), such as Callovo-Oxfordian claystone (COx) in France or the Opalinus Clay in Switzerland, are potential host rocks for deep geological radioactive waste disposal. During the various phases of the storage, these rocks will be subjected to thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) coupled effects. The determination of their THM parameters remains to be completed for a better understanding of the near-field response of the storage galleries.The experimental study of low permeability geomaterials is difficult and several questions about their THM behavior still remain. In this context, two original experimental systems with high precision local strain measurements and reduced drainage lengths (H) were developed and used for saturated drained tests: an isotropic compression cell (H = 10 mm) and a standard triaxial cell with a reduced drainage length using a geotextile placed around the sample (H = 19 mm).A detailed poroelastic characterization of the COx argillite in the isotropic cell provided a set of compatible transverse isotropic poroelastic parameters of the material, identified in a theoretical framework allowing to determine the Biot tensor components (coefficients b1 and b2, perpendicular and parallel to bedding plans, respectively). A key parameter not well documented to date is the unjacketed modulus that was determined by means of an unjacketed compression test (Ks = 21.7 GPa).A temperature control and an accurate calibration of thermal parasite effects allowed the investigation of the thermal volumetric response of the COx argillite during a drainage test under constant isotropic confining stress close in-situ state conditions. A thermoelastic expansion followed by a thermoplastic contraction was observed, with a transition at a temperature of 48 °C, close to the highest temperature supported during the geological history of the claystone. It is thus confirmed that such claystones keep in memory the maximum supported geological temperature. The precision of the deformation measurements also made it possible to identify a volumetric creep that is enhanced at 80 °C.Poroelastic calculations with the boundary conditions of the improved drainage system allowed to determine the magnitude of axial strain rates allowing good drainage during triaxial drained shearing (6.6×10-8 s-1). The drained tests carried out on the COx claystone showed a good compatibility with a criterion already published. Coherent data were also obtained on the Opalinus Clay failure criterion, that were compared to those of uniaxial compression tests at different speeds on samples equilibrated at 94% relative humidity, that exhibited a dependence of the peak strength on the shear rate.These results make it possible to reduce the uncertainties concerning the THM properties of claystones and should allow a better estimation of the response of the near field close to the galleries during the different phases of their service period.Key words: claystone, permeability, drainage, saturation, poroelasticity, Biot coefficient, transverse isotropy, triaxial testing, heating, creep
Esteban, Lionel. "Anisotropies magnétique et de porosité des argilites du Callovo-Oxfordien du laboratoire souterrain de l'Andra (Meuse/Haute-Marne, Bassin de Paris)". Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30270.
Testo completoIn order to test the feasibility of nuclear waste storage, Andra, the French Agency in charge of radioactive waste management, gave us the opportunity to study preserved specimens of Jurassic clay-rich rocks from eastern Paris Basin. These rocks, deposited during the Callovian and beginning of the Oxfordian, are dark- to light-grey marls that consist mainly in a mixture of clay, calcite and silt. Core-specimens regularly collected along the Callovo-Oxfordian formation from several vertical and oblique boreholes, were subjected to a magnetic mineralogy study, and to a petrofabric study with respect to the geographical frame, itself related to a study of the pore network. The mineralogy study helps to characterize the nature of the para- and -ferrimagnetic fractions at the origin of the magnetic susceptibility and remanence which vary according to the clay/calcite/silt ratios, the latter being mostly made of detrital grains of magnetite. In the clay-rich rocks (illite and smectites), the ferrimagnetic fraction is also made of authigenic sulfides, possibly greigite, which accompany the ubiquitous framboids of pyrite. This fraction seems to equate with the soft coercive fraction which was used to re-orient the vertical borehole cores with respect to the present magnetic north. The hard fraction equates with the iron-oxides, in agreement with the random nature of the natural remanence. Hence, the coexistence in the same sediment of iron-sulfides and iron-oxides is related to distinct origins rather than to variable conditions during sedimentation or diagenesis. .
Guayacan, Carrillo Lina María. "Analysis of long-term closure in drifts excavated in Callovo-Oxfordian claystone : roles of anisotropy and hydromechanical couplings". Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1120/document.
Testo completoThe French National Radioactive Waste Management Agency (Andra) began in 2000 the construction of an Underground Research Laboratory (URL) with the main goal of demonstrating the feasibility of a geological repository in Callovo-Oxfordian claystone. Several research programs have taken place to improve the knowledge of the rock properties and its response to the excavation progress. A network of experimental drifts has been constructed with variations on: excavation method, structure geometry, supports system and orientations with respect to principal stresses’ directions. In each drift different sections have been instrumented to monitor the hydro-mechanical behavior of the rock mass formation. Continuous monitoring of the excavated zone around the drifts in the main level (-490 m) revealed the development of a fractured zone (extensional and shear fractures) induced by the excavation. The extent of this fractured zone depends on the drift orientation regarding the in-situ stress field. Accordingly, the convergence measurements showed an anisotropic closure which depends also on the drifts’ orientations. Moreover, marked overpressures and an anisotropic pore pressure field around the drifts have been also observed.The approach proposed in this work is mainly based on a direct analysis of the convergence measurements, for studying the anisotropic response of the rock formation during and after excavation. The convergence evolution is analyzed on the basis of the semi-empirical law proposed by Sulem et al. (1987) [Int J Rock Mech Min Sci Geomech Abstr 24: 145–154]. The monitoring and analysis of convergence data can provide a reliable approach of the interaction between rock mass and support. Therefore, the anisotropy and the variability of the closure are analyzed taking into account different field cases: drifts excavated in two different orientations (i.e. influence of the initial stress state), different methods, sizes and rates of excavation and different supports systems with different conditions of installation. This broad range of cases permits to refine the analysis for reliable predictions of the convergence evolution in the long term. This approach can thus be used for the design of various types of support and the evaluation of its performance in the long term.On the other hand, the pore pressure evolution induced by excavation of drifts as recorded in situ has been analyzed. The anisotropic response observed in-situ suggests that the intrinsic anisotropy of the material plays a key role in the response of the rock formation. To understand these phenomena, an anisotropic poroelastic analysis of the pore pressure evolution induced by the drift excavation is performed. The main goal is to simulate the main trends of the pore pressure evolution with a simple model taking into account the inherent anisotropy of the material. Finally, an analysis of the onset of failure shows the key role of the hydro-mechanical coupling on the extension of the failed zone around the drifts
Eseban, Lionel. "Anisotropies magnétique et de porosité des argilites du Callovo-Oxfordien du laboratoire souterrain de l'Andra (Meuse/Haute-Marne, Bassin de Paris)". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00136774.
Testo completoL'étude de minéralogie nous aide à caractériser la nature des fractions para- et ferrimagnétique à l'origine de la susceptibilité et de la rémanence magnétique, qui varient en fonction de la concentration en argile/carbonate/silt, ces silts étant composés en partie de grains de magnétite détritique. Dans les niveaux les plus argileux (illites et smectites), la fraction ferrimagnétique est aussi composée de sulfures de fer authigènes, peut-être de greigite, qui acccompagnent les pyrites framboïdes omniprésentes. Cette fraction semble correspondre à la fraction de faible coercivité qui a été utilisée pour la ré-orientation des forages verticaux par rapport au Nord magnétique. La fraction de plus forte coercivité est composée des oxydes de fer détritiques, en accord avec la faible valeur de la rémanence naturelle. Ainsi, la coexistence dans la même roche sédimentaire de sulfures de fer et d'oxydes de fer doit-être reliée à des origines distinctes, plutôt qu'à des conditions variables de sédimentation ou de diagenèse. La préservation de ces espèces est attribuée à la très faible perméabilité que le sédiment a acquis après sa compaction.
L'anisotropie de la susceptibilité magnétique (ASM) reflète l'organisation principalement planaire des minéraux argileux, et éventuellement la fabrique de forme de la fraction ferrimagnétique. Comme on s'y attend, l'axe court de l'ASM (K3) est vertical (perpendiculaire au litage) avec un degré d'anisotropie de 0,3% à 5%; et un axe long (K1) qui est constant en direction, autour de N-S dans les niveaux plus argileux et autour de NW-SE dans les niveaux plus silteux. L'origine de cette linéation magnétique peut venir soit d'une compaction anisotrope en direction du dépo-centre, soit, hypothèse que nous préférons, d'une orientation des particules parallèlement à la direction des courants venant du NE (Massifs Bohémien et Rhénan) ou venant du NW (massif Londres-Brabant) pendant la compaction.
La fabrique minérale est comparée à l'anisotropie de la connectivité du réseau poreux dans des lithologies représentatives de la formation. Pour documenter l'anisotropie de connectivité, nous avons réalisé des injections au mercure sous haute pression parallèlement aux axes de l'ASM. Nous avons également réalisé des mesures d'ASM après imprégnation avec un ferrofluide sous différentes pressions, dans le but d'obtenir la forme du réseau poreux. A partir de ces données, nous tentons de proposer trois modèles de pore. Dans le premier modèle, valable pour les échantillons les plus silteux, des chemins verticaux semblent contrôler la connectivité. Le second modèle, correspond aux échantillons les plus carbonatés où la plus forte connectivité, parallèle au litage, est quasiment isotrope dans le plan de litage malgré des formes de pore anisotropes. Enfin dans le troisième modèle, porté par les échantillons les plus argileux et les plus imperméables au niveau du laboratoire Andra, la connectivité est également parallèle au litage, et, dans ce plan, le grand axe de conectivité est parralèle à la linéation magnétique.
En conclusion, outre la modélisation pétrophysique du réseau poreux en relation avec la micro-texture de la roche, notre approche minéralogique nous aide à confirmer, et localement à affiner, la stratigraphie séquentielle de cette partie du Jurassique qui correspond à un épisode de refroidissement entre deux épisodes plus chauds marqués par des plateformes carbonatées. Notre approche minéralogique associée aux considérations de fabrique, nous aide à proposer un scénario original de dynamique des apports sédimentaires.
Mahjoub, Mohamed. "Modélisation du couplage endommagement-perméabilité dans les géomatériaux anisotropes. Application aux ouvrages souterrains du site de Bure". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEM043.
Testo completoThis thesis aims to introduce a new hydromechanical constitutive model taking into account both initial and induced anisotropies and the impact of the mechanical damage on the permeability. To build this model, a new modeling approach is developed allowing the extension of mechanical behavior laws from isotropic materials to transversely isotropic materials. This approach is used, within the framework of continuous media with internal variables, to propose an elasto-viscoplastic behavior law that distinguishes between compressive and tensile loading regimes. A second order tensor is introduced to describe the induced anisotropy due to tensile loadings, and a scalar internal variable is employed to account for hardening and softeningof the material due to compressive loadings. Under complex loadings, these two mechanisms are coupled, and the effect of cracks closing/reopening is taken into consideration. The damage-permeability coupling is modeled by the introduction of a phenomenological law linking the material intrinsic permeability to the mechanical internal variables.The developed model is applied to the case of the underground drifts of Bure site in order to better understand the mechanisms of hydromechanical properties alteration, around drifts and storing cells. Not only the impact of the excavation operations is considered but also the consequences of the overpressures caused by the produced hydrogen due to the corrosion of the metallic parts of nuclear waste containers
Tran, Tan Huy. "Contribution à l’établissement d’un modèle rhéologique thermo-hydro-chimio mécanique de l’argilite du Callovo-Oxfordien". Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10179/document.
Testo completoThe study aims to evaluate the radioactive waste storage structures in argillite Callovo- Oxfordien : The first part presents the model SC2D (Swelling Creep Diagenesis Damage) used to simulate the behaviour of argilite, this model is based on special hydro-mechanical characteristics of the argillite Callovo-Oxfordien; The second part shows the applications of SC2D model to describe anisotropic damaged areas around the excavated structures. These EDZ zones are determined when the damage coefficients are unitary and the discontinuities activate when damage coefficient reaches unity, damaged coefficients are calculated from an extension of Mazars by considering the extension deformation in the directions of diagenesi; the final part discussess the delayed effects around the structures after excavation; they are represented by the deformation velocity vectors whose amplitudes are governed by the level of damage and the deviatoric stress. The comparison between in situ convergence measurements and modeled results validates the deformation velocity vectors
Abou-Chakra, Guéry Ariane. "Contributions à la modélisation micromécanique du comportement non linéaire de l'argilite du Callovo-Oxfordien". Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2007/50376-2007-191.pdf.
Testo completoThis work is performed in the general context of the project of underground disposal of radioactive waste, undertaken by the French National Radioactive Waste Management Agency (Andra). Due to its strong density and weak permeability, the formation of Callovo-Oxfordian argillite is chosen as one of possible geological barriers to radionuclides. The objective of the study to develop and validate a non linear homogenization approach of the mechanical behavior of Callovo-Oxfordian argillites. The material is modelled as a composite constituted of an elasto(visco)plastic clay matrix and of linear elastic or elastic damage inclusions. The macroscopic constitutive law is obtained by adapting the incremental method proposed by Hill. The derived model is first compared to Finite Element calculations on unit cell. It is then validated and applied for the prediction of the macroscopic stress-strain responses of the argillite at different geological depths. Finally, the micromechanical model is implemented in a commercial finite element code (Abaqus) for the simulation of a vertical shaft of the underground laboratory. This allows predicting the distribution of damage state and plastic strains and characterizing the excavation damage zone (EDZ)
Zhang, Wang. "Contribution à l'étude expérimentale du comportement mécanique des argilites du Callovo-Oxfordien : effets du chemin de chargement et de la température". Thesis, Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2021. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDENGSYS/2021/2021LILUN037.pdf.
Testo completoCallovo-Oxfordian (COx) claystone has been investigated for several decades in France in the context of geological disposal of radioactive waste. A large number of laboratory tests and in-situ experiments have been conducted for the characterization of short and long thermo-hydromechanical behavior as well as gas flow diffusion property of this clayey rock. However, some aspects still need further investigation, among others, effects of loading paths and temperature on short and long-term mechanical responses. This thesis brings a new contribution to previous works on these open aspects. It is composed of three parts.In the first part, the influence of the loading path on the short-term mechanical behavior of COx claystone is considered. Based on theoretical analysis of stress path around the underground cavity, two particular loading paths with two different values of Lode angle are selected, namely lateral decompression and axial extension under constant mean stress. A series of tests with different values of mean stress are performed. Unloading-reloading cycles are involved in the tests. The obtained results are then analyzed and the emphasis is put on the influences of loading path (Lode angle) on the failure strength and induced damage process.The second part is devoted to studying the thermal effect on the short-term mechanical behavior of COx claystone. For this purpose, a series of laboratory tests, with both loading paths (axial extension and lateral decompression) and different values of temperature are performed. Based on the obtained results, the effects of temperature on the elastic property and failure strength are discussed for the two loading paths.In the third part, we are interested in investigating the effect of loading paths and temperature on the long-term mechanical behavior of COx claystone. A series of creep tests are then performed under two loading paths and with different values of temperature. The obtained test results are analyzed and discussed by putting the emphasis on the influences of loading path and temperature on creep deformation kinetics
Shen, Wanqing. "Modélisations micro-macro du comportement mécanique des matériaux poreux ductiles : application à l'argilite du Callovo-Oxfordien". Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10144/document.
Testo completoThis work focused on the plasticity modeling of ductile porous materials. Different classes of porous media (with or without plastic compressibility of the matrix) are considered. Concerning the case of incompressible matrix obeying to the von Mises criterion, by using limit analysis combined with homogenization techniques, we obtained, a closed form expression of the macroscopic yield function for materials containing randomly oriented spheroidal cavities. An extension of the Gurson criterion is proposed for materials whose matrix is plastically compressible and obeys to an elliptic criterion. The obtained results are applied and illustrated in the case of double porous media. Then, an emphasis is put on porous geomaterials. The Callovo Oxfordian argilite, a geomaterial which is of a primary interest in this study, is modeled as a heterogeneous medium made, at the mesoscale, of a porous elastoplastic matrix and elastic inclusions. The micro-meso transition leading to the constitutive law of the clay matrix is performed for an associated or a non-associated Drucker-Prager solid phase and spherical cavities. The meso-macro transition is performed by means of a Hill incremental homogenization method. The predictive capabilities of the micro-macro model based on a non-associated solid phase have been demonstrated via a wide experimental validation. Finally, a simplified version of the micro-macro model is formulated by assuming rigid inclusions. The introduction of a macroscopic non-associated flow rule allows to obtain excellent predictions for the argillite
Dupuy, Colin. "Valorisation de l'argilite du Callovo-Oxfordien sous forme de liant alcalinement activé dans le but de développer un coulis injectable". Thesis, Limoges, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIMO0075/document.
Testo completoIn the context of Cigéo project (geological industrial disposal for radioactive wastes), this work focuses on the valorization of Callovo-Oxfordian argillite by the formulation of an alkali-activated grout. This application required a high setting time (close to 24 hours) and a moderate pH value (10-11). Thus, the argillite thermal treatment has been adapted to alter clays minerals without decomposing carbonate species (to avoid the presence of reactive calcium). A potassium-based silicate solution, with moderated reactivity (Si/K = 0.70), has been used for the alkali-activation step. Concerning the grout formulation, it has been necessary to enhance the argillite reactivity by the insertion of metakaolin and to add boron-based compounds. The resulting grout was in accordance with the specification. Finally, a study of the binder in an environment close to the using conditions (injection between geological layer and a radioactive waste lining) has been investigated. In this aim, the binder has been casted in contact with the geological argillite at 90 °C. It was evidenced a network reorganization at 90 °C (boron integration in the network and possible formation of zeolite). Potassium diffusion from the binder to the argillite has also been observed
Abdulmajid, Mohamad. "Determination of the in-situ fracture properties of Callovo-Oxfordian rocks : application to the prediction of fracture networks geometry around tunnels". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS064.
Testo completoThe use of nuclear energy requires safe solutions for the storage of radioactive waste. A solution proposed for high activity radioactive waste is the storage in deep low permeability geological formations such as claystones. In France, the feasability and safety of this solution is investigated in the Bure URL (Underground Research Lab) by Andra, the French agency for the management of radioactive wastes. Motivated by this challenge, we explore here the fracture properties of the Callovo-Oxfordian (COx) claystone present in Bure. Crack propagation is the main mechanism leading to material failure under traction. However, in anisotropic materials like claystone, the behavior of cracks both during their initiation and their propagation phase remains poorly understood. As a result, this work aims also at improving our understanding of the mechanisms of fracture in anisotropic materials, through the example of the COx claystone. In addition to that, the determination of the fracture properties of rocks in their in-depth conditions is a very diffcult challenge. We will show here that this diffculty can be overcome by analysing the roughness of the in-depth fractures. We will start this study by a systematic characterization of the fracture properties of the COx claystone from fracture tests performed in the laboratory. We will investigate both the crack propagation phase (through the measurement of the toughness in different directions of the material, for different water content levels) as well as the initiation phase (through the measurement of the cohesive strength in different directions too). We will then show how to measure these material parameters from a statistical analysis of the resulting fracture surfaces. In a second step, we will apply this newly developped method of material characterization to fractures produced during the excavation of the gallery and extracted in the URL at 490 m deep. This analysis will provide the fracture properties of COx claystone in in-situ conditions. Finally, the detailed characterization of the fracture properties of the COx claystone will be used in structural calculations to better understand the origin of the fractures located around the gallery. In particular, we will propose an original mechanism of tensile crack initiation under dominantly compressive loading conditions that allows us to capture the shape and size of the damaged zone observed around the gallery. On the long term, we believe that our work will help to the design of safer galleries dedicated to the storage of nuclear waste
Maia, Flávia Marina Serafim. "Impact de l'élévation de la temperature jusqu'à 80ºC sur le comportement des radionucléides dans le callovo-oxfordien : application à l'uranium". Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018IMTA0078/document.
Testo completoThe aim of this study was to understand and quantify the behaviour of U(VI) on the Callovo-Oxfordian(COx) clay which is envisioned to host high-level radioactive waste in France. The temperature effect up to 80°C on this behaviour was particularly studied. The first part of the work focussed on the thermodynamic properties of the calcium uranyl carbonate aqueous complexes which govern U(VI) speciation in solution. They were measured indirectly by sorption-based methodologies under controlled pCO₂ and pH. The results indicate that the temperature does not favour the formation of CaUO₂(CO₃)₃²⁻ (log₁₀ βº₁₁₃ = 27,3 ± 0,3 ; ΔrHº = -27,4 ± 8 kJ/mol) and does not affect the formation of Ca₂UO₂(CO₃)₃(aq)(log₁₀ βº₂₁₃ = 29,7 ± 0,3 ; ΔrHº = 0 ± 2 kJ/mol). A bottom-up approach with the published “2SPNE SC/CE”model was used for describing the sorption processes, with the assumption that the clay fraction of the COx (Illite, andI/S) governs U(VI) sorption.The model was successfully applied to reproduce a wealth of experimental data obtained with illite, the COₓ clay fractionand the COₓ clay rock as a function of key parameters (pH, pCO2, [U(VI)], [Ca]) at 20 °C. The sorption on COₓ conditions is mainly governed by the sorption of U(VI)-CO3 complexes and a new sorption constant is proposed for illite. An increase in temperature to 80 °C leads to an in-crease of U(VI) retention on COx. This increase is ac-companiedby a change of both pCO₂ and pH. The sorption model developed at 20 °C, together with the thermodynamic parameters describing U(VI) speciation in solution, can explain this increase but without obtaining a good agreement with the experiment. The model is improved by considering ΔrHº values for sur-face complexation reactions obtained for the U(VI))/illite system
Didier, Mathilde. "Etude du transfert réactif de l'hydrogène au sein de l'argilite intacte". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00770176.
Testo completoMayeux, Bruno. "Ecologie microbienne et métabolisme associé : étude de l'eau interstitielle et de la roche argileuse du Callovo-Oxfordien dans le Laboratoire de Recherche Souterrain de l’Andra (Meuse/Haute-Marne)". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4783/document.
Testo completoIn the framework of research of ANDRA about reversible deep geological radioactive waste, a microbiological study was conducted on pore water and Callovo-Oxfordian clay layer (-490m and 165 million years). Two types of studies were conducted, a cultural approach and a molecular approach.Despite various attempts of extraction, and as for the previous, no DNA could be extracted in this work. However, the cultural approach has highlighted the presence of a sparse microflora but viable and metabolically quite varied: nine aerobes species including four facultative anaerobes and two strictly anaerobes. They represent different metabolic types: sulfate-reducing, iron-reducing, fermentative and complete oxidation of substrates into CO2. In view of the availability of in-situ sources of carbon and energy required for bacterial growth, the production of acetate and other volatile fatty acids as well as hydrogen production could potentially be active in the clay layer of Cox and open to varied bacterial growth.The study of metabolic products has also identified several biotic agents (including hydrogen sulfide) having a potentially biocorrosive activity. Through this work it appears that the biological component is to be taken into account in the design of radioactive waste storage, in particular to avoid or minimize any contribution of exogenous organic matter in the clay formation.This biological consideration appears crucial to attempt to restrict bacterial trophic network on these initial conditions, that is to say those that are potentially present on the storage site, that concern solely autochthonous carbon and energy sources
Zhang, Yuhao. "Etude expérimentale et modélisation du comportement poromécanique d'une roche argileuse". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDENGSYS/2023/2023ULILN061.pdf.
Testo completoThis work has been carried out in the context of studies for the geological disposal of radioactive waste. The main objective is to complete previous works on the characterization of poromechanical behavior of the Callovo-Oxfordian (COx) clay, which is envisaged as the geological barrier in France. The work is composed of two parts.In the first part, an experimental study is carried out. Laboratory tests on saturated samples are carried out to estimate Biot's coefficient under hydrostatic compression on the one hand, and its evolution during deviatoric loading on the other. Tests were then conducted under undrained conditions. Two loading paths were considered: triaxial compression with constant confining pressure and axial extension with constant mean stress. In particular, we studied the variation in pore pressure as a function of deviatoric loading and its influence on the material's resistance to fracture.The second part is devoted to numerical modelling. A new plasticity criterion is proposed, taking into account the effect of the Lode angle. The validity of the effective Terzaghi stress in the plastic deformation and fracture criterion is studied. Based on this criterion, a plastic model is formulated. The associated parameters are identified. The proposed model is used to simulate several series of laboratory tests
Vu-Do, Laurence. "Influence de la matière organique naturelle mobile sur la rétention de l'europium sur l'argilite de Bure". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00876889.
Testo completoGiannesini, Sophie. "Géochimie isotopique couplée des eaux des formations argileuses et calcaires du site Andra de Meuse/Haute-Marne". Phd thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00204775.
Testo completoLes eaux porales des argilites s'avèrent être d'origine météorique, ce qui signifie que les eaux marines originellement présentes ont été envahies par des eaux météoriques, probablement par diffusion. Les eaux des deux formations calcaires encadrant les argilites présentent des signatures géochimiques distinctes, révélant le rôle d'écran joué par la couche imperméable des argilites.
Vu-Do, Laurence. "Influence de la matière organique naturelle mobile sur la rétention de l’europium sur l’argilite de Bure". Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA112022/document.
Testo completoBure clay rock (CR) was chosen as host rock for the French high and intermediate level long lived radioactive waste repository. This choice is mostly explained by the retention ability of the Callovo-Oxfordian rock (COx). Bure clay rock contains natural organic matter (OM) that could have an influence on radionuclide retention. The aim of this work is to assess the influence of natural mobile OM on the retention of Eu on clay rock. Eu was chosen as a chemical model for trivalent actinides contained in vitrified waste. Three organic molecules were studied: suberic, sorbic and tiglic acids, small organic acids identified in COx pore water. All the experiments were carried out in an environment recreating COx water (pH=7.5 ; I=0.1 mol/L ; PCO2 =10^(-2) bar).Clay rock sample characterization showed that the sample used in this work was similar to those previously extracted from the area of interest and that it was necessary to maintain pH at 7.5 to avoid altering the clay rock. The Eu-OM system study indicated that organic acids had no influence on Eu speciation in COx water. The Eu-CR system experimental study confirmed that retention implied sorption on CR (CEu<6.10^(-6)mol/L) and precipitation in COx water (CEu>6.10-6mol/L). Distribution coefficient Rd (quantifying sorption) was estimated at 170 ± 30 L/g. This high value is consistent with literature values obtained on clay rocks. The ternary Eu-OM-CR system study showed a slight increase of sorption in the presence of organic matter. This synergistic effect is very satisfactory in terms of storage security: the presence of small organic acids in clay rock does not question retention properties with respect to europium and trivalent actinides
Sabau, Andrea. "Mécanismes d’interaction du nickel et de l´europium avec la calcite". Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE4003/document.
Testo completoIn the context of the safety assessment of an underground repository for nuclear waste, sorption reactions are one of the main processes to take into account to predict the migration of the radionuclides. This work is focused on two elements: Eu(III) as an analogue of trivalent actinides and Ni(II) as activation product. Calcite was chosen as adsorbent due to its presence in Callovian-Oxfordian argillites. Our study combines batch experiments with spectroscopic techniques (TRLFS, RBS and SEM-EDXS) to elucidate the mechanisms occurring at Eu(III)/Ni(II) calcite interface. To obtain a better understanding on the systems, before starting sorption experiments, aqueous chemistry of Eu(III) and Ni(II) was carefully investigated. Macroscopic results showed a strong retention of Eu(III) on calcite, no matter the initial concentration, contact time and CO2 partial pressure. Ni(II) was also readily sorbed by calcite, but the retention was influenced by contact time and concentration. Time-dependent sorption experiments showed a marked and slow increase of retention upon a long time range (up to 4 months).Desorption results indicated a partly reversible sorption for Ni(II). TRLFS highlighted the influence of initial concentration and contact time on the interaction of Eu(III) with calcite. With the help of RBS and SEM-EDXS, it enabled to discriminate between different mechanisms like surface precipitation, inner-sphere complexation and incorporation. RBS showed incorporation of Eu(III) into calcite up to 250 nm, contrary to Ni(II) which was located at the surface
Poulain, Sébastien. "Caractérisation microbiologique de l'argile à Opalinus du Mont Terri et de l'argilite du Callovo-Oxfordien de Meuse/Haute-Marne". Bordeaux 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR13281.
Testo completoRousseau-Gueutin, Pauline. "Les processus couplés dans les argilites du Callovo-Oxfordien sur le site de Bure : implications pour les mouvements de fluide et de solutés". Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066240.
Testo completoLefort, Philippe. "Etude des déplacements eau-gaz dans les argilites du callovo-oxfordien à l'aide de la théorie de la percolation en gradient". Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2014. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/12023/1/lefort.pdf.
Testo completoJougnot, Damien. "Etude géophysique des phénomènes de transfert dans les argilites du callovo-oxfordien partiellement saturées en eau : application à l'EDZ du site de Bure". Chambéry, 2009. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00720664.
Testo completoIn order to study the high activity long life radioactive waste storage, ANDRA has built an underground laboratory in the Callovo-Oxfordian clay-rocks at 500 meters deep. Gallery excavation in deep clay-rock formations induces an Excavated Damaged Zone (EDZ) characterized by hydro-mechanical perturbations evolving with time. We have used geo-electrical methods to study hydraulic, ionic, and thermal transfer phenomena in partially saturated clay-rocks: the spectral induced polarization and the streaming potential. We have developed mechanistic models to link geo-electrical results on samples to transport properties in partially saturated conditions: effective diffusion coefficient and thermal conductivity
Fatmi, Hassane. "Méthodologie d’analyse des signaux et caractérisation hydrogéologique : application aux chroniques de données obtenues aux laboratoires souterrains du Mont Terri, Tournemire et Meuse/Haute-Marne". Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPT020H/document.
Testo completoThis report presents a set of statistical methods for pre-processing and analyzing multivariate hydrogeologic time series, such as pore pressure and its relation to atmospheric pressure. The goal is to study the hydrogeologic characteristics of low permeability geologic formations (argilite) in the context of deep disposal of radioactive waste. The pressure time series are analyzed in relation with different phenomena, such as earth tides, barometric effects, and the evolution of excavated galleries. The pre-processing is necessary for reconstituting and homogenizing the time series in the presence of data gaps, outliers, and variable time steps. The preprocessed signals are then analyzed with a view to characterizing the hydraulic properties of this type of low permeability formation (specific storativity; effective porosity). For this sake, we have developed and used the following methods (implemented in Matlab): temporal correlation analyses; spectral/Fourier analyses; multiresolution wavelet analyses envelopes of random processes. This methodology is applied to data collected at the URL (Underground Research Laboratory) of the Mont Terri International Consortium (Swiss Jura), as well as some other data collected at the URL of IRSN at Tournemire (Aveyron) and at the URL of ANDRA (Meuse / Haute-Marne)
Lefranc, Marie. "Variations et variabilité spatio-temporelle des argilites callovo-oxfordiennes de Meuse/Haute-Marne : Valorisation géostatistique des données diagraphiques". Phd thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ENMP0001.
Testo completoAndra has conducted studies in its Meuse/Haute-Marne Underground Research Laboratory located at a depth of about 490 m in the Callovo-Oxfordian argillite. The purpose of the present work is to obtain as much information as possible from high-resolution log data and to optimize their analysis to specify and characterize space-time variations of the argillites from the Meuse/Haute-Marne site and subsequently predict the evolution of argillite properties on a 250 km2 zone around the underground laboratory. The spatial variations can be studied on various scales. First, well-to-well correlations are established between seven wells at different scales. Relative variations of the thickness are observed locally. Second, FMI® (Fullbore Formation MicroImager, Schlumberger) data are studied in detail to extract as much information as possible. For example, the analysis of FMI® images reveals a clear carbonate – clay interbedding which displays cycles. Third, geostatistical tools are used to study these cycles. The variographic analysis of conventional log data shows one-metre cycles. With FMI® data, smaller periods can be detected. Variogram modelling and factorial kriging analysis suggest that three spatial periods exist. They vary vertically and laterally in the boreholes but cycle ratios are stable and similar to orbital-cycle ratios (Milankovitch cycles). The three periods correspond to eccentricity, obliquity and precession. Since the duration of these orbital cycles is known, depth intervals can be converted into time intervals (duration) and thus give real sedimentation rates and an estimation of the duration of the ammonites zones and hiatuses
Rivard, Camille. "Contribution à l'étude de la stabilité des minéraux constitutifs de l'argilité du Callovo-Oxfordien en présence de fer à 90° C". Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPL090N/document.
Testo completoIn the context of underground disposal of high-level radioactive waste, interactions between metallic iron and Callovo-Oxfordian rock (COx), its purified clay fraction (SCOx) or pure clay phases (kaolinite, illite, smectites) were investigated at 90°C under anoxic atmosphere in chlorine solution. Role of COx non clay minerals in these reactions was also studied. Rapid metallic iron oxidation conducts to iron cations release in solution, pH increase (8-10) and Eh decrease (reducive conditions). The partial dissolution of initial clay phases and the crystallization of Fe-serpentines (odinite or berthierine mainly) and of low amount of magnetite were observed. The introduction of O2 into the system leads to Fe-serpentines destabilisation. Iron exsolution conducts to iron oxides and hydroxides formation and clay particles with composition close to the initial ones precipitate. Addition of quartz into the system leads to the partial dissolution of this mineral and to the modification of reaction pathways. Precipitation of magnetite is reduiced and Fe-serpentines are silica enriched. In the case of kaolinite-metallic iron interaction, combinated used of XRD, MET, XPS and textural analyses evidences the growth of berthierine on the basal face of kaolinites, resulting in Fe-serpentine-kaolinite demixed particles. Through the used of spectroscopic analyses (Mössbauer, XAS and STXM), we were able to determine Fe2+/Fe3+ and AlIV/AlVI ratio in elementary particles, which allows proposing structural formulae for the Fe-serpentines
Aburto, Mardones Danitza. "Filtrage géostatistique de données géophysiques en vue de la cartographie de l'impédance d'une formation argileuse : exemple du Callovo-Oxfordien de Meuse". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00716232.
Testo completoHuret, Emilia. "Analyse cyclostratigraphique des variations de la susceptibilité magnétique des argilites callovo-oxfordiennes de l' Est du Bassin de Paris : application à la recherche de hiatus sédimentaires". Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066471.
Testo completoSun, Yufeng. "Time-dependent hydromechanical behaviour of callovo-oxfordian claystone by anatytical and multiscale numerical methods". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Vaulx-en-Velin, École nationale des travaux publics de l’État, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ENTP0009.
Testo completoIn the context of radioactive waste repository, the time-dependent hydromechanical behaviour of the Callovo-Oxfordian (COx) claystone is investigated to ensure the safety conditions required for long-term repository of radioactive wastes.The first two parts of the study are based on the phenomenological approach carried out directly at the macroscale. Firstly, a quasi-analytical model for the hydromechanical behaviour of a deep spherical cavity excavated in a dilatant poro-viscoplastic rock mass is presented, considering three stages of a simplified life cycle: excavation, free convergence and post-closure. Subsequently, the sensitive and probability analyses are carried out using the finite element code Cast3M toinvestigate the time-dependent extent of the Excavation Damaged Zone (EDZ) which refers to a region characterized by significant and mainly irreversible changes in geochemical and hydromechanical properties. In the following, a multiscale numerical approach is employed to investigate its creep and damage behaviour under mechanical condition. Firstly, a micromechanics-based model within the finite element square (FE2) framework is developed to model the short-term and long-term behaviours of saturated COx claystone. For the viscous behaviour, two microscale mechanisms have been introduced: the viscoplasticity of the clay aggregates and the viscoelasticity of their contacts. Then, the creep model of COx claystones developed at small scale is applied to model the large-scale creep behaviour at laboratory and gallery scales. From simulation results of laboratory scale, a clear three-stage creep process is reproduced, including the primary creep stage, second creep stage and tertiary creep stage. At the gallery scale, the long-term effect of viscosity on the gallery convergences, the evolution of EDZ, and the long-term drainage and pore pressure around a gallery are investigated. Finally, the above developed double-scale creep model used to simulate saturated cracked medium is extend to partial saturated case to study the interaction between rock and the atmosphere occurs through air circulation within underground galleries. The emphasis is to study the effect of the gallery air ventilation on hydromechanical behaviour of host rock. The model predictions reproduce the drainage and desaturation kinetics of undisturbed and damaged rock
Poulain, Sebastien. "Caractérisation microbiologique de l'argile à Opalinus du Mont Terri et de l'argilite du Callovo-Oxfordien de Meuse/Haute-Marne". Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00335867.
Testo completoMiddelhoff, Marvin. "Hydro-mechanical behavior of claystone-based backfill materials under geo-environmental conditions". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0239.
Testo completoIn the context of the Cigéo-project, the French agency in charge of radioactive waste manage-ment (Andra) studies claystone-based materials as to whether they can be potentially used to backfill shafts and drifts of the future repository for intermediate - and high-level radioactive waste located in the clay-rich Callovo-Oxfordian (COX) sedimentary rock formation at a depth of around 500 m. The installation of backfill in shafts and drifts generally aims to ensure the integrity of the repository system upon its closure. In particular, it is installed to stabilize the geo-logical formation and to limit the propagation of the damaged/ disturbed zone evolving around the excavations. Potential backfill materials must thus sustain the overburden pressure and ex-hibit swelling pressure when they saturate under constant-volume conditions. In addition, the closure of hydraulic conductive voids ensues through the swelling under con-stant-volume con-ditions. Crushed and sieved COX-claystone spoil and its mixtures with MX80-bentonite are po-tential backfill materials as they contain smectite, which typically exhibits such a hydro-mechanical behavior. On account of the fraction of smectite, potential backfill materials and their hydro-mechanical behavior are affected by different geo-environmental conditions. In this laboratory experimental study, it is of general interest to analyze how variations in geo-environmental conditions affect the performance of potential claystone-based backfill materials, in particular their volume change and hydraulic conductivity behavior. Relevant geo-environmental conditions are the fraction of smectite in the materials, the maximum grain di-ameter of the bentonite fraction in the mixture, the as-compacted/ initial dry density, the degree of saturation, the saturating solution chemistry, in particular its pH, and their combinations. Var-iations in the as-compacted/ initial dry density are expected to be of greatest relevance as con-ventional compaction techniques might be employed to compact the backfill material in-situ. The hydro-mechanical behavior of processed COX-claystone spoil and its mixture with MX80-bentonite are analyzed by means of constant-volume swelling pressure, free-swell potential, one-dimensional compression/ oedometer and constant-head hydraulic conductivity experi-ments. Initially, it is evaluated how the fraction of smectite in the materials, the maxi-mum grain diameter of the bentonite fraction, the initial dry density and the saturating solution chemistry affect individually and combined the evolution of the swelling pressure of claystone-based backfill materials. The individual and combined impact of the fraction of smectite in the materi-als as well as of the saturating solution chemistry on the evolution of the hydraulic conductivity are subsequently assessed. In order to analyze the impact of the pH of solutions, the hydraulic conductivity experiments are complemented by microstructural and textural analysis. The vol-ume change behavior of the processed COX-claystone/ MX80-bentonite-mixture are evaluated not only in the saturated but also in the unsaturated state al-lowing to identify possible hydro-mechanical path dependencies. By considering samples compacted to different initial dry densi-ties, it is assessed whether the initial dry density affects possible dependencies of the volume-change behavior on the hydro-mechanical path. Based on the performed investigations, conclu-sions regarding the hydro-mechanical behavior of claystone-based backfill materials are drawn, and suggestions for future studies are made
Roubeuf, Véronique. "Interactions entre fluides et sédiments argileux naturels : étude expérimentale dans des conditions simulant un stockage souterrain de déchets radioactifs". Nancy 1, 2000. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2000_0190_ROUBEUF.pdf.
Testo completoJougnot, Damien. "Étude géophysique des phénomènes de transfert dans les argilites du Callovo-Oxfordien partiellement saturées en eau : application à l'EDZ du site de Bure". Phd thesis, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00720664.
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