Tesi sul tema "Arcs Plasma"
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Graneau, P. Neal. "Ion dynamics of diffuse vacuum arcs". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306534.
Testo completoWendelstorf, Jens. "Ab initio modelling of thermal plasma gas discharges (electric arcs)". [S.l. : s.n.], 2000. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=961148527.
Testo completoMollart, T. P. "Electron emission processes in cold cathode thermal arcs". Thesis, Durham University, 1993. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/5546/.
Testo completoAbdo, Youssef. "Analyse du comportement et des caractéristiques des arcs thermiques soumis à des champs externes et internes". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEM040.
Testo completoThis PhD thesis aims at understanding and analysing the behaviour of plasma arcs and their interactions with magnetic and dynamic field. The various methods that we have developed and the different case studies correspond to direct applications of thermal plasmas in industrial processes. The study of the arc’s dynamic and its characteristics is at the heart of every plasma technology upgrade or development. In the wake of the energy transition, plasma systems turn out to be very promising for many reasons, the most important of which are: They are ecological given the fact that make use of clean energy (electricity). Technologically, they allow for a tremendous rise in temperature that exceeds by far the temperature that can be reached in conventional combustion processes.We propose two different approaches to deal with the mathematical model that correspond to thermal plasmas: An analytical and a numerical approach. The analytical approaches encompass multiple computation methods that are relatively easy to implement and very practical for basic design. They constitute an extension of various analytical methods already broached in the 60’s and 70’s by American and Soviet researchers, but later abandoned in favor of numerical modelling with the advent of advanced computational machines.One section is dedicated to the study of a fixed spots AC or DC arc exposed to cross fields (magnetic or dynamic). Stability criteria employing dimensionless numbers have been established. At high currents, radiation also plays a key role in stabilisation. The analytical results are compared with the results of numerical simulations. A good agreement is observed.Another part deals with the study of a plasma arc, moving between 2 parallel electrodes under the effect of an external or electrode-induced magnetic field. The properties of the arc's dynamic strongly depend on the arc radius. The latter is obtained from an analytical 2D resolution of the heat equation. The results are validated by comparison with previous analytical and numerical works.The radiative exchange is also addressed in this thesis. Given the fact that radiation is hard to implement even in a numerical setting because of its dependence on numerous variables (specter frequency, temperature, pressure, geometry, gas mixture and species, etc.), the isothermal sphere approximate method is commonly used. An algorithm, whose aim is to seek the best value of “Rs”, is built based on a comparison between approximate and exact calculation for a wall stabilised arc of H2 at .The part concerning numerical modelling presents all the numerical approached that are currently used in thermal plasma modelling. It provides the good boundary conditions for the magnetic potential , if a transport model (TADR) is employed in a steady-state case or when the magneto-quasi static (MQS) assumption is made. Two hybrid finite-volume and finite-element (FV-FE) methods are proposed in order to improve the arc modelling, in particular for AC transient cases where the MQS fails to remain valid especially when electrodes are accounted for. Flow, energy and transport equation are solved using the FV approach whereas the electromagnetic equations are solved by means of the FE method. Comparisons with benchmark cases are done and a very good agreement is observed.Other numerical methods used for the numerical simulation of large scale industrial plasma reactors are also presented. A separation between the different physical phenomena occurring at small and large scales, is made. The electromagnetic phenomena are analytically modelled and averaged for an AC (mono, three or multi-phase) and are then inserted as source terms in source domains representing the arc region. As consequence, only the flow and energy equations are solved in order to obtain the most important characteristics in the reactor (velocity field, temperature distribution, etc.)
Lisnyak, Marina. "Theoretical, numerical and experimental study of DC and AC electric arcs". Thesis, Orléans, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ORLE2013/document.
Testo completoThe ignition of an electric arc in the electric distribution system of an aircraft can be a serious problem for flight safety. The amount of information on this topic is limited, however. Therefore,the aim of this work is to investigate the electric arc behavior by means of experiment and numerical simulations.The MHD model of the LTE arc column was used and resolved numerically using the commercial software comsol Multiphysics. In order to describe plasma-electride interaction, the model had to be extended to include non-equilibrium effects near the electrodes. These zones were taken into account by means of current and energy conservation in the non-equilibrium layer. The correct matching conditions were developed and are described in the work. Validation of the model in the case of a free burning arc showed excellent agreement between comprehensive models and the experiment.This model was then extended to the case of the electric arc between rail electrodes in a 3D geometry. Due to electromagnetic forces the electric arc displaces along the electrodes. A self-consistent description of this phenomenon was established. The calculation was performed for DC, pulsed and AC current conditions at atmospheric and lower pressures. The main characteristics of the arc were analyzed and discussed. The results obtained were compared with the experimental measurements and showed good agreement.The model of electric arcs between busbar electrodes is able to predict the behavior of a fault arc in aeronautical conditions. Further improvements of the model are discussed as an outlook of the research
Sinton, Rowan Peter William. "Long Distance Exploding Wires". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/6586.
Testo completoGiersch, Louis Roy Miller. "Experimental investigation of plasma sail propulsion concepts using cascaded arcs and rotating magnetic field current drive /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9958.
Testo completoRehmet, Christophe. "Étude théorique et expérimentale d’une torche plasma triphasée à arcs libres associée à un procédé de gazéification de matière organique". Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENMP0041/document.
Testo completoArc plasma torches are widely used in industrial applications. A 3-phase AC plasma technology with consumable graphite electrodes is under development at PERSEE MINES - ParisTech. This technology noticeably differs from the classical DC plasma torches and aims at overcoming a number of limits of plasma systems in terms of reliability, equipment and operating costs. In order to improve the understanding of the unsteady physical phenomena in such plasma systems, a theoretical and experimental study is conducted under non reactive condition (nitrogen, syngas). Experimental study is based on high speed video camera (100 000 frames per second) and electrical signal analyses. Theoretical analysis is based on 3D unsteady Magneto-Hydro-Dynamic (MHD) model of the arc zone using CFD software Code_Saturne®, by a parametric study based on current, frequency and plasma gas flow rate influence. Two configurations: coplanar and parallel electrodes are studied. These studies highlight the influence of electromagnetic and hydrodynamic phenomena on the arc motion. In coplanar electrode configuration, electrode jets appear to be the dominant parameter on the arc motion, heat transfer and arc ignition. In the parallel electrodes configuration, the motion of the hot channel seems to be the key parameter. Comparison between MHD modeling and experimental results shows a fair correlation, both in accordance with the arc behavior and the electrical waveform
Bilek, Marcela. "Plasma behaviour and properties in filtered cathodic vacuum arcs with application to the deposition of thin film silicon". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.627143.
Testo completoRANAIVOSOLOARIMANANA, ALBERT. "Caracterisation electrique et energetique des arcs glissants. Quelques applications en plasma-chimie de composes azotes, carbones et soufres". Orléans, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ORLE2057.
Testo completoNeumann, Patrick Reinhard Christian. "Centre-Triggered Pulsed Cathodic Arc Spacecraft Propulsion Systems". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/13810.
Testo completoReynolds, Quinn G. "Mathematical and Computational Modelling of the Dynamic Behaviour of Direct Current Plasma Arcs : Title Page, Abstract, Table of Contents". Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4925.
Testo completoResende, André Alves de. "Estudo de características operacionais do processo Plasma-MIG com arcos concêntricos". Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 2013. https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/14737.
Testo completoIn recent years, the demand of the productive sector for more efficient processes has encouraged the research and development of products and processes to increase the production at a competitive cost. In this sense, the \"Plasma-MIG\" with Concentric Arcs process, being an evolution of the conventional MIG/MAG process, has emerged as a promising option. This process has been available to the market since the 70s. However, it is still necessary to consolidate a scientific and technological basis of that process. Only then the market will decide if it is applicable, either to replace or become an option instead of the other processes. Thus, the challenge is to collaborate with both the scientific and the production what actually is the overall goal of this work, that is to provide fundamental knowledge about functioning principles and operating parameters of the \"Plasma-MIG\" with Concentric Arcs. The influence of the gas flow, especially of the intermediate one on the weld bead surface appearance, the effect of external arc on the globular-spray transition current and on the axial spray-rotational transition current, as well as on the droplet kinematic parameters and the relation between the outer arc current/torch working angle/torch-piece distance and the weld geometry have been studied experimentally. The results showed that the intermediate arc gas flow rate was the very one which determined weld appearance. The globular-spray transition current rose and the axial spray-rotational transition current became lower in the presence of the outer arc. The presence of the outer arc also raised the momentum of the drops hitting the weld pool. The presence of current in the outer arc at low values reduces penetration and correlated parameters (either directly or inversely proportional), but causes their growing again when being increased. The bead geometry follows the similar behavior of the conventional MIG/MAG as regards to the torch working angle and the torch-piece distance, though being more intensified when using the outer arc. In conclusion, it is possible to say that the knowledge on the operational characteristics of the \"Plasma-MUG\" with Concentric Arcs welding process obtained in this work may serve as a basis for the perception of this process application potential.
Nos últimos anos, a demanda do setor produtivo por processos mais eficientes tem incentivado a pesquisa e o desenvolvimento de produtos e processos que permitam o aumento da produção a um custo compatível. Neste sentido, o processo de soldagem \"Plasma-MIG\" com Arcos Concêntricos, uma evolução do processo MIG/MAG convencional, tem surgido como uma opção promissora. Esse processo está à disposição do mercado desde a década de 70, no entanto, ainda é necessário consolidar uma base cientifica e tecnológica a respeito desse processo. Somente assim o mercado poderá decidir se o mesmo é aplicável, seja para substituir ou se tornar mais uma opção frente a outros processos. Desta forma, é no desafio de colaborar tanto com o meio cientifico como o produtivo que se enquadra o objetivo global deste trabalho, o qual é o de fornecer conhecimentos fundamentais sobre aspectos de funcionamento e parâmetros operacionais do processo \"Plasma-MIG\" com Arcos Concêntricos. Foram estudados experimentalmente a influência das vazões dos gases, principalmente o intermediário, sobre o aspecto superficial do cordão de solda, o efeito do arco externo sobre as correntes de transição globulargoticular e goticular axial-rotacional e sobre os parâmetros cinemáticos das gotas e a relação entre corrente do arco externo/ângulo de inclinação da tocha/distância da tocha a peça e a geometria do cordão. Os resultados apontam que a vazão governante sobre o acabamento do cordão é a do gás intermediário. A corrente de transição globular-goticular elevou-se e a goticular axial-rotacional ficou menor na presença do arco externo. A presença do arco externo também fez elevar o momentum das gotas atingindo a poça. A presença da corrente no arco externo em valores baixos reduz a penetração e parâmetros correlacionados (de forma direta ou inversamente proporcional), mas faz novamente crescêla ao ser aumentada. A geometria do cordão segue o comportamento similar ao do processo MIG/MAG convencional quanto ao ângulo de inclinação e distância da tocha à peça, mais intensificado quando se usa arco externo. Ao final, pode-se dizer que os conhecimentos gerados no presente trabalho sobre as características operacionais do processo \"Plasma- MIG\" com Arcos Concêntricos formam uma base para conceber a potencialidade aplicativa do processo.
Doutor em Engenharia Mecânica
Rehmet, Christophe. "Étude théorique et expérimentale d'une torche plasma triphasée à arcs libres associée à un procédé de gazéification de matière organique". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00957380.
Testo completoLaveissière, Marie. "Elaboration et caractérisations de revêtements élaborés par oxydation micro-arcs sur alliage de titane TA6V". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30351.
Testo completoSurface treatments are often needed for metallic materials in order to improve their performances and broaden their scope of applications. TA6V (or grade 5) titanium alloy is used in many fields (going from biomedical to aeronautical parts) because it is light and possesses good anticorrosion and thermal properties. Nevertheless its tribological behavior needs substantial improvements that a coating may provide. The aim of this work was to prepare, using Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO), coatings on TA6V in order to improve its tribological properties. PEO is a recent and innovative electrochemical oxidation process for which growth mechanisms and accurate influence of operating parameters such as electrolyte composition or applied electrical signal, still need clarification. Systematic study of several electrolytes led to the preparation of adherent coatings with thicknesses between 5 and 60 µm. These coatings result from both electrochemical conversion of the substrate and incorporation of compounds from the electrolyte. They are composed of an amorphous phase, its proportion depending directly on the silicates quantity in the bath, and crystalline phases formed after the important rise of surface temperature during treatment. The understanding of correlations between electrolyte and coatings have limited the formation of the soft amorphous phase and favored hard crystalline structures, leading to an optimized electrolyte. The study of electrical parameters, such as frequency or treatment time, highlighted their strong influence on the coatings composition and morphology. The duty cycle influenced the chemical composition of the coatings, promoting the formation of crystalline alumina. Finally coatings prepared with PEO were mechanically tested. The presence of crystalline phases allowed the increase of the coatings Vickers hardness compared to the bare TA6V. Nevertheless, due to the PEO coatings roughness, a step of mechanical polishing post-treatment appeared necessary in order to reduce the friction coefficient and wear loss. Finally, the understanding of correlations between process parameters and coatings properties, has successfully led to the preparation of a coating with promising tribological properties, namely a friction coefficient below 0.3 and a wear loss inferior to 0.01 mm3 after 100,000 cycles, demonstrating a significant improvement in surface mechanical properties of the TA6V substrate
Chouchene, Sarah. "Applications de l’intelligence artificielle à l'étude de la turbulence plasma en fusion nucléaire et aux plasmas d’arc en régime DC". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LORR0265.
Testo completoThe aim of the work presented in this thesis is to explore the potential contribution of artificial intelligence (AI) image analysis methods to the analysis of videos from various plasma research domains. Two areas are studied: turbulence in nuclear fusion plasmas, and the dynamics of dipolar arcs in the high-voltage DC regime.This thesis mainly explores the application of AI to detect and track macroscopic turbulent structures visible in the form of plasma filaments at the edge of fusion reactors. To this end, AI models are applied to imaging data from the COMPASS tokamak captured by an ultra-fast camera filming up to 1 million frames per second in order to resolve the dynamics of the filaments. Different supervised learning models are employed, after training on labelled datasets to improve detection accuracy, to study the motion of plasma filaments and their interactions with each other. The methods presented in this thesis achieve a detection accuracy of 99 %, and automatically recognise different types of mutual interactions leading to coalescence, splitting or changes in filament trajectories. Comparisons with conventional analysis methods such as detection by segmentation and Kalman filter tracking show that the AI methods tested offer substantial gains in terms of accuracy and analysis speed, while reducing user bias.In the field of dipolar arcs, an unsupervised learning technique is used to detect bubbles of liquid metal forming on the surface of electrodes under high-voltage direct current (HVDC) conditions. The unsupervised models, which are lighter and operate without labelled data, are effective in identifying events that could be similar to anomalies. The results obtained contribute to a better understanding of arc noise, and pave the way for real-time data analysis for the implementation of protection systems.This research demonstrates the relevance of further developing AI methods to advance our understanding of the complex dynamics of nuclear fusion plasmas and arc plasmas. By reducing or eliminating analysis biases linked to human intervention, these methods can also help to improve comparisons between data from different experiments or simulations. The gains in analysis speed are not always very significant, but there are margins for optimisation that open up interesting prospects for improving the control of plasmas, whether cold or nuclear fusion
Mecuson, Jaspard Flore. "Oxydation des alliages d'aluminium aéronautiques par plasma électrolytique : caractérisation optique du procédé et étude des cinétiques de croissance des couches". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2005. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL/2005_MECUSON_F.pdf.
Testo completoPlasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) or micro-arc oxidation (MAO) is a process through which aluminium oxide layer may be grown onto aluminium substrate. Optical characterization of discharges is carried out using fast video imaging and optical emission spectroscopy, allowing us to distinguish between two different kinds of treatment, depending on the current waveform zand especially on the ratio of positive to negative charge quantity applied to the systeme. The characteristics (morphology, thickness, corrosion resistance) and growth kinetics of the coatings are studied. Growth mechanisms for the different sublayers are proposed for each type of treatment. Electric measurements are carried out allowing us to propose an electric modelling of the system. From these studies, criteria are established that enable coatings with the required properties (in terms of thickness and corrosion resistance) to be grown
Richard, Frédéric. "Etude et caracterisation d'une decharge electrique glissante dans l'air a pression atmospherique". Orléans, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ORLE2061.
Testo completoKühn-Kauffeldt, Marina [Verfasser], Jochen [Akademischer Betreuer] Schein e Gianluca [Akademischer Betreuer] Gregori. "Plasma spectroscopy for stationary and transient welding arcs containing metal-gas mixtures / Marina Kühn-Kauffeldt. Universität der Bundeswehr München, Fakultät für Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik. Betreuer: Jochen Schein. Gutachter: Jochen Schein ; Gianluca Gregori". Neubiberg : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität der Bundeswehr München, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1096241676/34.
Testo completoKühn-Kauffeldt, Marina [Verfasser], Jochen Akademischer Betreuer] Schein e Gianluca [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gregori. "Plasma spectroscopy for stationary and transient welding arcs containing metal-gas mixtures / Marina Kühn-Kauffeldt. Universität der Bundeswehr München, Fakultät für Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik. Betreuer: Jochen Schein. Gutachter: Jochen Schein ; Gianluca Gregori". Neubiberg : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität der Bundeswehr München, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1096241676/34.
Testo completoBultel, Arnaud. "Analyse d'un plasma d'azote basse pression en situations de jet libre et de couche limite". Rouen, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ROUE5007.
Testo completoWani, Nitin Yashwant. "Simulation of thermal stresses in vacuum arc remelting process". Ohio : Ohio University, 1995. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1178820121.
Testo completoMallon, Michael [Verfasser], Jochen [Akademischer Betreuer] Schein, Jochen Gutachter] Schein, Gianluca [Gutachter] [Gregori e Claus [Gutachter] Hillermeier. "Time efficient radiation model for plasma spectroscopy and model based control of transient thermal arcs / Michael Mallon ; Gutachter: Jochen Schein, Gianluca Gregori, Claus Hillermeier ; Akademischer Betreuer: Jochen Schein ; Universität der Bundeswehr München, Fakultät für Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik". Neubiberg : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität der Bundeswehr München, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1220094803/34.
Testo completoMallon, Michael [Verfasser], Jochen [Akademischer Betreuer] Schein, Jochen [Gutachter] Schein, Gianluca [Gutachter] Gregori e Claus [Gutachter] Hillermeier. "Time efficient radiation model for plasma spectroscopy and model based control of transient thermal arcs / Michael Mallon ; Gutachter: Jochen Schein, Gianluca Gregori, Claus Hillermeier ; Akademischer Betreuer: Jochen Schein ; Universität der Bundeswehr München, Fakultät für Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik". Neubiberg : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität der Bundeswehr München, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1220094803/34.
Testo completoBubliyeuski, Dzmitry Alexandrovich. "Estudo da interação de arcos elétricos com catodo frio de cobre para ar e nitrogênio utilizando a técnica de diagnóstico termo-espectroscópica". [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/277392.
Testo completoTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Fisica Gleb Wataghin
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Resumo: Uma nova técnica de diagnóstico, denominada termo-espectroscópica, foi introduzida neste trabalho para estudo da interação do arco elétrico com o catodo frio de cobre numa instalação coaxial magnética, com catodo não-refrigerado, operando em gases plasmagênicos ar e nitrogênio. A técnica foi aplicada ao estudo da velocidade de rotação da mancha do arco e da densidade efetiva de corrente na mancha. Estes parâmetros têm estreita relação com o fenômeno da erosão de eletrodos frios. A nova técnica combina a técnica óptico-espectroscópica e a técnica térmica, e se baseia na teoria térmica da erosão. Por espectroscopia, registra-se a evolução temporal da intensidade da linha de emissão do vapor de cobre. Pelo método térmico, registra-se a evolução da temperatura da superfície do eletrodo. A técnica permite um grande aumento na sensibilidade de detecção do ponto de transição do regime de micro para macroerosão, através da observação do abrupto aumento da intensidade da linha espectral do cobre. Observamos que para o regime de microerosão, a velocidade é sempre maior, e a dispersão da velocidade sempre menor que na macroerosão. Esse fato confirma a existência de uma força de arraste superficial ao movimento do arco, que pode ser proporcionada pela fusão do eletrodo, por jatos catódicos e/ou por óxidos na superfície do eletrodo. A densidade de corrente na mancha apresenta um grande crescimento para valores baixos do campo magnético e certa saturação para altos valores. Para o ar foi observada uma forte influência dos óxidos na mobilidade da mancha, que é significativamente maior do que com nitrogênio. A diferença entre medidas obtidas no ar e nitrogênio é atribuída ao processo de decomposição de óxidos na superfície, que afeta a determinação correta do ponto de transição. O estudo experimental realizado nesta tese permite uma melhor compreensão dos fenômenos que ocorrem em manchas de arcos elétricos de eletrodos frios
Abstract: In the present work a new diagnostic technique, named thermo-spectroscopic one, was introduced for study of the interaction of the electric arc with a cold copper electrode using the coaxial magnetic installation with non-refrigerated cathode operated in air and nitrogen. The technique was applied to the measurement of the arc spot rotation velocity and the effective spot current density. These parameters have a direct relation with the phenomenon of the cold electrode erosion. The new technique combines the optic-spectroscopic method and the thermal method, and is based on the erosion thermophysical theory. Using spectroscopy, the temporal evolution of the intensity of the copper vapor emission line was registered. Via the thermal method, the evolution of the electrode surface temperature was recorded. By the observation of the abrupt increase of the copper spectral line intensity, the new technique permits a significative increase in the sensibility of the detection of the transition from the microerosion process to the macroerosion one. It was observed that the arc velocity for the microerosion regime is always higher and the velocity dispersion is always lesser then the ones for the macroerosion regime. This fact confirms the existence of the surface drag force to the arc movement, which can be provided by the electrode fusion process, by cathode jets and/or by oxides formed on the electrode surface. The arc spot current density presents a high growth for the low values of the magnetic field and certain saturation for the high values ones. For the air, a strong influence of oxides on the spot mobility was observed, that is more significant then the one for the nitrogen. The difference between the measurements for the air and the nitrogen is attributed to the oxide decomposition process on the electrode surface that affects the correct transition point determination. The experimental study, carried out in this thesis, allows a better understanding of the phenomenon taking place in cold electrode arc spots
Doutorado
Física de Plasmas e Descargas Elétricas
Doutor em Ciências
Tezenas, du Montcel Benoît. "Étude expérimentale et modélisation d’un plasma de vapeurs métalliques dans une ampoule à vide pour le développement de disjoncteurs Haute-Tension". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0110.
Testo completoIn the frame of a project investigating the possibility to replace SF6 by vacuum as a breaking medium in High-Voltage circuit breakers, a study that focusses on acquiring a better understanding of the behavior of a metal vapor arc at long contact gap (> 10 mm) and controlled by an axial magnetic field (AMF) has been undertaken. The study involves first the building of an experimental setup where arcs, created between two fixed CuCr25 contacts, were visualized using a high-speed camera in a vacuum demountable chamber. Various types of arc regime have been observed. Moreover, by means of a numerical method of detection of the cathode spots, we were able to study the evolution of the spatial distribution of the cathode spots, to measure the average current carried by a spot and to determine the average radial profile of the current density at the cathode surface. This study had also for object the development of a 2D-axisymetric and quasi-steady magnetohydrodynamic model of the hydrodynamic flow region of the arc based on a two-fluid approach. The model allows to simulate the supersonic and the subsonic diffuse arc regimes. It is used to study the arc behavior as a function of to the arc current, the AMF intensity and the contact gap
Sedghinasab, Ahad. "Experimental deterimination of argon atomic transition probabilities using non-LTE diagnostics". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17969.
Testo completoCunha, Mário Dionísio. "Modelação da interacção entre um plasma de arco de alta pressão e cátodos refractários". Doctoral thesis, Universidade da Madeira, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.13/217.
Testo completoMikhail Benilov
Brunetti, Cristiano. "Intermetálicos NiAl processados In-Situ por plasma arco transferido". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/29346.
Testo completoGodoy, Paulo Henrique de. "Construção de um equipamento de plasma de arco DC para multiplos fins". [s.n.], 1997. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/264993.
Testo completoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica
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Resumo: O gerador de plasma é um equipamento que permite estabelecer elevadas temperaturas,da ordem de 5000 à 50000 K, sendo esta tecnologia altamente versátil para aplicações avançadas. Este equipamento possui como característica, flexibilidade no tocante à mudança de sua configuração, podendo ser empregado em uma vasta gama de aplicações práticas, dentre elas podemos citar o crescimento sustentável através da utilização para solução em problemas do meio-ambiente e a deposição de filmes finos. Neste trabalho de dissertação, apresenta-se a construção e operação de um reator de plasma gerado por descarga elétrica DC do.tipo arco, de relativa simplicidade e baixo custo da instrumentação. Parâmetros elétricos do arco foram medidos para os plasmas de hidrogênio e argônio. Dados foram analisados sobre a estabilidade elétrica do arco para aplicações que requeiram maior estabilidade da chama. A elevada brilhância e potência encontrados à medida que aumenta-se a pressão de trabalho indicam um aumento- na temperatura. Como aplicação desta tecnologia, preparou-se dois tipos de substratos, molibdênio e silício (111), para um ensaio de deposição de filmes finos de diamantes. Muito embora tenhamos encontrado dificuldades com relação às leituras de temperatura-e estabilidade total do plasma, os ensaios detectaram indícios do crescimento de diamante no substrato de silício e no substrato de molibdênio apenas o crescimento de uma camada intermediária de carbeto de molibdênio. Portanto, este reator mostrou-se de aplicação tecnicamente viável para a deposição de filmes finos e, devido à sua flexibilidade, podemos estendermos sua aplicação para outras áreas de conhecimento com pequenas alterações no projeto
Abstract: Plasma generator is a device that provide us get high temperatures, in the range of 5000 K to 50000 K, being extremely changing technology for advanced applications. This equipment has high flexibility because its configuration is changeable and it has many practical applications. Among these we can list ecological problems and thin films deposition. In this thesis the construction and operation of a DC arc discharge plasma reactor with simple design and low cost have been developed. The electrical parameters were measured for argon and hydrogen plasmas. Arc stability data was obtained and analyzed for. uses in application that requires more stable flame. The high brilliance and power were delivered by the plasma by the raisingwork pressure, pointing to-an increase of the plasma temperature. As an example of technological application we prepared two types of substrates, silicon (111) and molybdenumfor diamond thin film deposition. Beside we have found some dificulties with the correct reading and control of the substrate temperature and plasma stability, these tests detected some signs of diamond growth on silicon substrate and on molybdenum only an intermediate layer of 'Mo IND.2 C¿ were found. We have shown that trns reactor is technically applicable for thin films deposition. Due its flexibilityit can be extended to others applications with small changes on its configuration
Mestrado
Materiais e Processos de Fabricação
Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica
Hyde, Robert H. "Hollow-electrode pulsed plasma deposition of titanium and carbon thin films". [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001856.
Testo completoHendricks, Brian Reginald. "Simulation of plasma arc cutting". Thesis, Peninsula Technikon, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1245.
Testo completoThe simulation of Plasma Arc Cutting is presented in this study. The plasma arc cutting process employs a plasma torch with a very narrow bore to produce a transferred arc to the workpiece. A technique for modelling plasma arc cutting has been developed by applying the thermo-metallurgical model to the process and integrating a model of material removal to this model. The model is solved using the finite element method using the FE package SYSWORLD, more specifically SYSWELD. The objective is to determine the minimum energy required to cut a plate of some thickness using this virtual model. The characteristics of the cut need to exhibit the characteristics of a "high quality cut". The model presented can predict the kerf size given certain process variable settings. The numerical results obtained are assessed by conducting experiments. By maintaining Ill1rumum energy input cost savings can be made through energy savings, limiting additional finishing processes and reducing expense of shortening the electrode and nozzle lifetimes. The modelling of the PAC process using virtual design techniques provides a cost-effective solution to the manufacturing industries with respect to process specification development. This plays an important role in South Africa's transition into a competitive global market. It is envisaged that the model will provide an alternative more efficient, non-destructive means of determining the optimum process variable settings for the plasma arc cutting process.
Delair, Laurent. "Caractérisation de sources plasmas dédiées à la simulation de rentrées atmosphériques et au traitement de polluants : arc soufflé basse pression et décharge de polluants". Rouen, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ROUES052.
Testo completoThis work deals with the experimental study of two plasma sources : an original plasma torch (two anodic arc roots) which generates a low pressure nitrogen arcjet, and an atmospheric pressure gliding arc. The thermodynamic characteristics of the nitrogen plasma – densities and temperatures – are deduced from emission spectroscopy analysis, from its creation zone to its expansion zone. Mach number measurements are carried out at the torch exit. The study of the arc(s dynamic behaviour highlights an acoustic resonance frequency inside the arc chamber. The analysis of the gliding arc with emission spectroscopy reveals its non-equilibrium state and some abnormal ionic line broadenings in its creation zone due to plasma turbulence phenomena. Simultaneous high speed acquisitions of electrical signals and light intensity confirm its classical dynamical behaviour : ignition, lengthening, extinction. They also show the impulse behaviour of the arc column as it moves between the electrodes
Bublievsky, Dmitry Alexandrovich. "Desenvolvimento e aplicação da técnica de diagnóstico térmico-espectroscópico para estudo da interação de arcos elétricos com eletrodos frios". [s.n.], 2003. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/277404.
Testo completoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Fisica Gleb Wataghin
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Resumo: Nesta tese foi introduzido um novo tipo de técnica de diagnóstico da mancha de arcos elétricos, chamado térmico-espectroscópico. A técnica foi aplicada ao estudo da velocidade de rotação da mancha do arco e da densidade de corrente na mancha. Ambas estão relacionadas com os fenômenos que ocorrem na erosão de eletrodos frios. As medidas foram realizadas em um catodo de cobre não refrigerado, operando em ar, usando uma instalação coaxial magnética. As experiências mostraram que há dois regimes de erosão: micro e macroerosão. Observamos que para o regime de microerosão, a velocidade é sempre maior, e a dispersão da velocidade sempre menor que na macroerosão. Ambos os fatos confirmam a existência de uma força de arraste de superfície ao movimento do arco. Podemos explicar que a fonte dessa força é proveniente dos jatos catódicos no regime de macroerosão, fazendo com que a mancha tenha um movimento descontínuo. As dificuldades das técnicas tradicionais de medida da densidade de corrente na mancha foram superadas, introduzindo-se o conceito de densidade de corrente efetiva na mancha, pela qual mede-se o início da fusão na mancha e não o diâmetro da mancha. O método, baseado no registro espectroscópico temporal da intensidade da linha de emissão do vapor de cobre, juntamente com o registro da evolução da temperatura da superfície do eletrodo, permitiu um grande aumento na sensibilidade de detecção do ponto de transição do regime de micro para macroerosão. A densidade de corrente da mancha, medida como uma função do campo magnético, apresenta um grande crescimento para baixos valores do campo magnético. O estudo experimental realizado nesta tese permite uma melhor compreensão dos fenômenos que ocorrem em manchas de arcos elétricos de eletrodos frios, contribuindo, assim, para uma maior utilização das tochas de plasma
Abstract: In this thesis, we introduced a new type of arc spot diagnostic technique, called thermo-spectroscopic. Attention was concentrated on the study of arc spot rotation velocity and arc spot current density as a function of magnetic field. Both are related to cold electrode erosion phenomena. Measurements were carried out in an uncooled copper cathode in air, using a magnetically driven arc coaxial setup. Experiments have shown that there are two erosion regimes: a micro and a macroerosion one. We observed that for the microerosion regime, velocity was always higher and velocity dispersion lower than for the macroerosion one. Both facts confirm the existence of a surface drag force to the movement of the arc. We could explain that the source of this force is provided by cathode jets in the macroerosion regime, making the spot to move with frequent stops. We overcame the difficulties in traditional techniques in measuring spot current density by introducing the concept of effective arc spot current density, by which we measure the spot fusion onset and not the arc spot diameter. The method, based on the temporal spectroscopic registration of copper vapor atomic line emission intensity, together with the registration of the electrode surface temperature evolution, provided a significative increase in the sensibility of detection of the transition point from micro to macroerosion. The arc spot current density, measured as a function of magnetic field shows a strong increase for low magnetic field values. Experimental study, carried out in this thesis, allows a better understanding of the phenomenon taking place in cold electrode arc spot, thus contributing for a wider utilization of plasma torches
Mestrado
Física
Mestre em Física
Filho, Gilberto Petraconi. "Investigações em plasma de arco a baixa pressão de vapor de mercúrio". Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, 1990. http://www.bd.bibl.ita.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1431.
Testo completoBeaver, James R. "Plasma vitrification of geomaterials". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/21621.
Testo completoSagás, Julio César. "Caracterização de descargas de arco deslizante". Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, 2009. http://www.bd.bibl.ita.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=769.
Testo completoHernandez, Karina. "Caractérisation expérimentale de l'interaction arc-matériau : application à l'optimisation des appareils de coupure". Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2412/.
Testo completoQuantification of energy transfer is an essential theme for optimization of many systems and processes such as low-voltage circuit breakers. The AEPPT team investigates this topic over many years, both from an experimental and theoretical point of view by developing experimental devices and numerical models. To this day, experimental studies have been made on a transferred arc configuration for current values about a hundred amperes. In this work, a new experimental device has been carried out to generate a pulsed arc of several kilo amperes. Two complementary approaches were considered to quantify time-resolved energy transfer: to study the interaction of the arc with the electrode material and to characterize the plasma created. High-speed video analysis has been used, thermographic and spectroscopy measurements were carried out
Courrege, Maeva. "Caractérisation des interactions plasma/parois dans un disjoncteur haute tension". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30162/document.
Testo completoHigh-voltage circuit breakers, present in the power grid, ensure in safety the electricity distribution. When an error is detected, or for a maintenance operation, the opening of the electrical contacts within the circuit breaker causes the appearance of an electric arc at its terminals. Protection and cut-off will only be effective if the electrical arc cut off. Many parameters, geometric and physical, are involved in the breaking capacity of a circuit breaker. The aim of this work is to analyze the impact of plasma on the various materials making up the circuit breaker. A purely theoretical approach is tackled through the use of the commercial software ANSYS Fluent. This work is carried out in collaboration with Siemens, which provides the experimental data necessary for the discussion and validation of the model. In this work, we first consider the ablation of teflon nozzles. This phenomenon is taken into account in our study, using an ablation model based on the theory of T. Christen. The ablation of the walls plays a fundamental role on the rise in pressure in the heating volumes, and has a direct effect on the cut-off realization. Thus, the role and quantification of C2F4 vapors are discussed and detailed. The second plasma / material interaction that should be studied is that with the mobile electrode made of a tungsten copper mixture. This interaction is rarely studied in the literature. The implementation requires the development of sub-layers models in the vicinity of the electrode, based on energy and flux balances, which make it possible to determine by non-equilibrium approaches the temperature of the electrodes and the rate of vapor production. On a real circuit breaker configuration, the temporal characteristics of the physical (temperature, velocities, pressure) and electrical (current, voltage) quantities are presented and discussed in the high current phase. We conclude on the need to consider the ablation of C2F4 for a good description of the rise in pressure in the heating volumes because they condition the blowing at the moment of current-zero and on the need to take into account the copper vapors because these are present at the zero crossing of the current and then condition the breaking capacity of the circuit breaker
Dallaqua, Renato Sergio. "Estudo experimental em uma centrífuga de plasma iniciada por arco no vácuo". Universidade de São Paulo, 1994. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43131/tde-03122013-145141/.
Testo completoIn the 80\'s, an increase in the utilization of stable isotopes in the nuclear physics, nuclear medicine, biomedical science geoscience has been observed. The previsions indicate that the consumption of these isotopes in the early future will be even higher. Within this picture new methods of isotope separation were proposed and developed, among them, the vacuum are plasma centrifuge. This work shows the experimental results obtained in the vacuum are plasma centrifuge developed at LAP /INPE since 1981. Initially we describe the vacuum are discharge which is the plasma source in this device. The measurements preformed provide a full characterization of the plasma. The experimental results were compared with that ones expected using an MHD model for a rotating plasma column. The limitations of this isotopic separator are discussed. The effects of residual gases in the plasma parameters of the vacuum are plasma centrifuge were studied and the results shown that the best performance occurs in the absence of gases in the vacuum chamber. The experimental results obtained were used to make a comparative study between different methods of isotope separation and conclusive remarks were achieved about the viability of a vacuum are plasma centrifuge as a device for stable isotope separation.
Acharyya, Chandana. "Investigation on some of the physical processes occuring in glow and arc discharge plasma". Thesis, University of North Bengal, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/627.
Testo completoGantait, Madhusudan. "Investigation on the electrical and optical properties of arc plasma". Thesis, University of North Bengal, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/616.
Testo completoFleury, Emmanuel. "Etude d'un plasma de méthane en atmosphère non oxydante". Rouen, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ROUES004.
Testo completoThouin, Julien. "Caractérisation expérimentale et théorique d'un arc électrique impulsionnel éclatant dans un liquide". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 3, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023TOU30317.
Testo completoThe applications of pulsed arc discharges in water are numerous: electrohydraulic forming of metal parts, rock fracturing, or water treatment. Many of these pulsed power applications require intense pressure waves with energy deposition in times shorter than a millisecond. Consequently, there are numerous technological constraints and challenges, both electrical in nature due to the use of often high-voltage power supplies and associated equipment wear, particularly electrode erosion. In this context, the characterisation of pulsed electric arcs in water and their associated mechanisms are essential for optimising these devices. The primary phenomena associated with such discharges are pressure waves and intense radiation emission. However, the mechanisms and their dependence on discharge parameters remain poorly understood. To address this, experimental means have been implemented, initially characterising a discharge with a characteristic time in the range of ten milliseconds. This is aimed at better understanding the experimental setup and obtaining characterisation data that can be used to comprehend the environment and validate potential simulation models. The electric arc is generated by discharging capacitors charged to several hundred volts, with an energy stored of the order of kilojoules. Measurements of plasma temperature using the Boltzmann plot method on atomic oxygen lines have been carried out. Additionally, electron density of the plasma was measured from the Stark broadening of Halpha and Hbeta emission lines. These measurements are temporally resolved over the duration of the discharge, allowing for an estimation of the pressure in the thermal plasma. Rapid camera acquisitions of the generated vapour bubble's dynamics and thermal plasma with a band-pass optical filter have also been performed. In a second stage, to better approach typical experimental conditions of pulsed electrohydraulic discharge applications (similar energies but shorter times), a high-voltage, low inductance experimental setup has been developed. This setup enables discharge initiation through voltage surges in water. The power supply and discharge have been electrically characterised, and, for the electric arc, based on the measurements set up for longer times, rapid imaging and a survey of the emitted spectrum have been carried out
Hill, S. D. "Plasma torch interaction with a melting substrate". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17261.
Testo completoEl, Hamidi Lakbir. "Etude expérimentale de l'influence des vapeurs de cuivre sur les propriétés d'un plasma d'arc transfèrè brûlant dans l'argon à la pression atmosphérique". Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30013.
Testo completoBarreau, Gabriel. "Application d'une méthode semi-implicite couplée avec des outils d'adaptation de maillage anisotropique pour modéliser des arcs continus". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse, ISAE, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ESAE0059.
Testo completoA commercial aircraft is struck by lightning on average once or twice a year. Considering the size of the global aircraft fleet, this is a fairly common phenomenon. During a lightning strike, the injected current can vary from 200 to 200 kA. The lightning can then be divided into two distinct phases: the impulsive phase, where the current intensity can reach 200 kA for a few microseconds, generating shocks associated with compressible flow; and the continuous phase, where the current intensity of a few hundred amperes remains almost constant over a duration of a few hundred milliseconds. The flow around the arc has incompressible flow characteristics during this phase.Modeling this phenomenon in a single simulation is very complex because it involves two different flow physics, so generally, the continuous part is modeled using incompressible methods, and the impulsive part using compressible methods. However, it is not possible to solve compressible flows with an incompressible method, and due to the time step constraint, a compressible method is not suitable for solving incompressible flow.As we aim to model a lightning strike in its entirety, we will seek compressible methods capable of resolving low Mach number flows with reasonable time step values. Semi-implicit methods are techniques that, by implicitly handling some terms of the conservation equations, reduce the time step constraint and thus allow solving low Mach number flows with a compressible scheme.After a bibliographical study on existing methods, a new semi-implicit method handling real gas was developed as part of this thesis and implemented in the MHD code Taranis. The consideration of real gases is made possible through the use of thermodynamic tables generated by the Sethi code. To reduce constraints on simulation times for 3D geometries, the Taranis code is coupled with anisotropic mesh adaptation tools developed at INRIA. These tools generate a mesh that adapts according to the configuration flow, thus meshing only where necessary. It was then necessary to adapt the adaptation criteria developed for fluid mechanics calculations to those of a thermal plasma.To validate the new scheme's ability to model continuous arcs, a configuration of a free-burning arc between a pointed cathode and a plate anode is modeled in 3D. This configuration will demonstrate the Taranis code's capability to model continuous arcs and show the benefits of mesh adaptation tools in plasma flow modeling
Kahhali, Nicolas. "Modélisation et simulations numériques du transfert radiatif dans les plasmas d'arc électrique". Thesis, Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ECAP0023/document.
Testo completoNon fourni
Rouffet, Marie-Emilie. "Nouvelle méthode de diagnostic optique des plasmas thermiques : application au mélange argon-hydrogène-hélium". Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/338/.
Testo completoThermal plasma temperature is a key parameter in the study of intrinsic properties as well as in the control and optimization of industrial processes. To determine the temperature, emission spectroscopy is often used because the intensity of the plasma radiation changes strongly according to its temperature. A new diagnostic method to evaluate thermal plasma temperature is investigated. Both simple and reliable, this technique can fast be applied on industrial reactors. This method in principle consists of using the relative and absolute dependencies on temperature of the emitted plasma radiation in various spectral regions. The technique needs a preliminary study to calculate these relations. So the theoretical plasma radiation was calculated. We have considered the continuum, by paying a particular attention in atomic and molecular contributions, and the lines, by taking into account the absorption. Radiative calculations are allowed to establish a base of theoretical data, from 30 nm to 4500 nm and 5 kK to 30 kK, for Ar-H2-He plasma mixtures at atmospheric pressure. An experimental study was carried out to validate the methods. The set-up is composed of a wall-stabilized arc and a multichannel spectrometer. Values of temperature o btained by the new method are compared with literature and the classical measurements based on absolute line intensity method. We limit to work in pure argon and Ar-H2 mixture. Experimental results are presented and discussed
Déprez, Grégoire. "L'instrument Micro-ARES sur ExoMars 2016". Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066061/document.
Testo completoAtmosphere ionization and electrification mechanisms of various sorts are known to exist in most of the planetary environments. It appears that the lower atmosphere and surface of Mars combine a number of favorable conditions for the development of intense atmospheric electric fields. Unveiling the Martian atmospheric electricity was the original goal of Micro-ARES, the electric-field and conductivity sensor of the DREAMS meteorological suite, the only scientific payload that equipped the Schiaparelli module from the ExoMars 2016 mission.The study of the electrical activity and electric field generation in Martian dust events might bring new capital knowledge on a wide range of phenomena: The local and planetary scale dust dynamics, a major component of the Martian climate, the partially understood Martian ionosphere, atmospheric chemistry and more precisely the production and destruction of the Martian methane, a still unresolved mystery.The following thesis details the hardware and software development of Micro-ARES, its testing phases, both in laboratory and on the field, and the data processing and physical processes underlying the instrument’s operation. Since future missions may carry again these kind of polyvalent, lightweight and energy-efficient sensor, emphasis was put on the modeling of the instrument's electrical coupling with the atmosphere. This theoretical work exceeds the frame of Micro-ARES in ExoMars 2016 and is necessary in order to understand and accurately compensate the biases induced by the instrument's surroundings, its simplified design and the unexpected electrical behavior of the Martian atmosphere